CN104704953A - Reseeding type potato seeding machine - Google Patents
Reseeding type potato seeding machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN104704953A CN104704953A CN201510066461.3A CN201510066461A CN104704953A CN 104704953 A CN104704953 A CN 104704953A CN 201510066461 A CN201510066461 A CN 201510066461A CN 104704953 A CN104704953 A CN 104704953A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a reseeding type potato seeding machine. Compensation type seed feeding devices are symmetrically installed on the two sides of the longitudinal central line of a machine frame. Each compensation type seed feeding device comprises a chain spoon seed fetching mechanism, a seed hopper, a seed guiding channel, a support, a compensation type seeding box, an outer sheave type seed arranging device, a compensation slide way and a seed feeding and ditching device. The compensation type seed feeding devices are used for sowing potato seeds and can conduct compensation for the miss-seeding phenomenon and improve production efficiency. Fertilizer feeding devices are used for supplying fertilizer and guaranteeing the growth conditions of crops. A control system is used for judging the missing of the potato seeds and controlling the compensation type seed feeding devices to compensate for the missing potato seeds. A rotary tillage riding device is used for ridging and earthing after seeding and fertilizing ejecting. A film laying device is used for laying films on the potato seeds and pressing the films to guarantee the growth conditions of the potato seeds. A transmission mechanism is used for transmitting and supplying power to the compensation type seed arranging devices, the fertilizer ejecting device and the rotary tillage ridging device.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to one and reseed formula Sowing machine for potatoes, belong to planting machinery field.
(2) technical background
Since the appearance of Sowing machine for potatoes, play an important role in the establishing in large scale of potato is produced.But the sowing seeds technology of Sowing machine for potatoes is ripe not enough, result in Sowing machine for potatoes and still there is a lot of defects.Domestic existing Sowing machine for potatoes generally adopts single ridge single group spoon chain feed mechanism, and because seed tuber size differs, empty spoon broadcast leakage phenomenon is many, causes the problems such as hole rate is high, seeding quality is poor, inefficiency, land utilization rate are low.Therefore, improve for existing sower, eliminate broadcast leakage phenomenon, realize compensation without hole sowing, ridging earthing, the disposable operation of overlay film, to raising land resources utilization rate, the raising quality of production and production efficiency tool are of great significance.
In addition, China's major part arable land basic fertility is poor, and most of content of organic matter is lower, lack the few nitrogen of phosphorus, need to use seed manure, potato sowing generally adopts seed and seed manure to mix and executes, and mixed the executing of seed manure easily damages seed, therefore, sowing and fertilising are separately also quite necessary.
(3) summary of the invention
The problems such as existing Sowing machine for potatoes hole rate is high in order to solve, seeding quality is poor, inefficiency,
The invention provides one and reseed formula Sowing machine for potatoes.These facility have reseeds function automatically, can eliminate broadcast leakage, and can realize the after planting several functions such as ridging earthing, face, ridge overlay film and once can sow two row and increase work efficiency.
One reseeds formula Sowing machine for potatoes, comprises the running gear be fixed in frame, compensation dispenser, fertilizer distributor, rotary tillage, ridging device, film covering device, transmission mechanism and control system.
Described frame is used for fixing, other parts of support the present invention, and the present invention is articulated in by frame on the farm implements such as tractor; Described running gear is made up of two land wheels, and two land wheels are connected by axletree, and land wheel is arranged on below frame, for frames with drive the advancing of facility; Described compensation dispenser for sowing potato seed, and can compensate for broadcast leakage phenomenon timely, enhances productivity; Described fertilizer distributor is used for the supply of fertilizer, ensures the growth conditions of crop; Described rotary tillage, ridging device is used for the ridging earthing operation after seeding fertilizer; Described film covering device is used for the overlay film press mold operation to potato seed, ensures the growth conditions of potato seed; Described transmission mechanism is used for supplying the transmission of the power of compensation dispenser, fertilizer distributor and rotary tillage, ridging device; Described control system for judging the disappearance of potato seed, and completes compensating the control of dispenser for disappearance potato seed compensation.
Described compensation dispenser respectively symmetry is arranged on stands longitudinal central axis both sides; Each compensation dispenser comprises chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism, seeding box, Dao Zhong road, support, compensation Seeding box, external recessing, compensation slideway and row-planting opener;
Described seeding box is arranged in frame, is provided with the case bottom outlet of taper bottom seeding box; Described upper end, Dao Zhong road is arranged in frame, bottom, Dao Zhong road and seeding box case bottom outlet vertical connection; Described chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism comprises seeding spoon, elevating chain, square plate and sprocket wheel; Elevating chain is arranged on Dao Zhong road inwall by sprocket wheel is mobilizable ringwise, equidistantly on elevating chain is provided with multiple seeding spoon, and seeding spoon gets kind along with elevating chain upper and lower shuttling movement in Dao Zhong road; A square plate is connected with bottom described seeding spoon; Seeding spoon moves from bottom to top with elevating chain, enters seeding box via conical chamber bottom outlet, dips the potato seed in seeding box.Described compensation Seeding box support supports, be arranged on fertilizer can just above, compensate the case bottom outlet being provided with taper bottom Seeding box; Described external recessing is arranged on the bottom compensating Seeding box, and the axle of external recessing extends to compensation Seeding box outside through the case bottom outlet compensating Seeding box and is connected with stepper motor; The sowing port of external recessing is communicated with Dao Zhong road by compensating slideway, in order to complete the landing compensating potato seed.Described row-planting opener is connected in the side of frame front end disk coulter, is positioned at same perpendicular before and after row-planting opener and described elevating chain.
Described fertilizer distributor comprises disk coulter, fertilizer can, outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus, defertilizing tube, fertilizer assembly and fertilizer shovel; Described disk coulter and fertilizer shovel are all connected on the central axis of front end frame of frame, and fertilizer shovel is positioned on rear side of disk coulter, and both coordinate the ditching operation in order to complete fertilizer; Described fertilizer can and seeding box are close to and are arranged in frame; Pyramid type opening is provided with bottom fertilizer can; Be provided with two outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatuss in each fertilizer can, each outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus is connected with the pyramid type opening bottom fertilizer can respectively, is all connected with a defertilizing tube below each pyramid type opening; Outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus is connected with the fertilizer driving-chain outside frame by axle, and outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus is driven by fertilizer driving-chain, and fertilizer is broadcast defertilizing tube; Described fertilizer assembly is fixedly mounted in the middle of frame; Defertilizing tube is symmetrically distributed in frame central axis both sides respectively; Defertilizing tube upper end respectively with fertilizer can bottom pyramid type open communication, its lower end is all communicated with fertilizer assembly; Described fertilizer shovel is positioned at the lower end of fertilizer assembly.
Described rotary tillage, ridging device is positioned on rear side of land wheel, and its one end is arranged in frame by bearing, and the other end is connected with driven pulley through the bearing in frame, and described rotary tillage, ridging device carries out the operation of earthing ridging by driven pulley transmitting power.
Described film covering device comprises plastic foil support, press mold bucket, pressing wheel and covering blade; Described pressing wheel and covering blade are arranged in the frame of the both sides of stands longitudinal central axis symmetry respectively; Described plastic foil support, press mold bucket, pressing wheel and covering blade are arranged in rotary tillage, ridging device frame below successively; Rotary tillage, ridging device is to the kind ditch earthing ridging with potato seed and fertilizer, plastic foil is articulated on plastic foil support, and plastic foil flattens on ridge by press mold bucket, and pressing wheel compresses the both sides of plastic foil, covered by plastic foil on face, ridge, plastic foil both sides cover by the soil that furrow dug by covering blade.
Described transmission mechanism comprises seeding drive sprocket, fertilizer drive sprocket, seeding output chain gear, fertilizer output chain gear, fertilizer driving-chain, seeding driving-chain and gearbox, power input shaft, power take-off, drive pulley and driven pulley.Described seeding drive sprocket and fertilizer drive sprocket are separately fixed on the axletree of left and right land wheel, advancing transmission of power to seeding driving-chain and fertilizer transmission company by land wheel; Described seeding driving-chain is arranged on the right side of frame, and its upper end is articulated on seeding output chain gear, and lower end is articulated on seeding drive sprocket; Described seeding output chain gear is arranged on the side of external recessing axle; Described seeding output chain gear and seeding drive sprocket are vertically mounted on the left of frame up and down, carry out power conveying by seeding driving-chain; Described fertilizer driving-chain is arranged on the right side of frame, and its upper end is connected with the fertilizer output chain gear on outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus axle, and lower end is connected with the fertilizer drive sprocket on land axle; Described fertilizer output chain gear is arranged on the axle outside outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus, and described fertilizer drive sprocket and fertilizer output chain gear are by fertilizer driving-chain transmitting power; Described power input shaft passes beneath from fertilizer can and seeding box, is arranged on the centre of frame; Power input shaft front end is connected with tractor, and end is connected with gearbox, and power is passed to gearbox from tractor; Described gearbox is fixedly mounted in frame, is positioned at the rear side of seeding box; Gearbox is connected with power take-off, changes the direction of transfer of power; Described power take-off is arranged in frame by bearing, and right side is connected with gearbox, is connected on the left of power take-off with drive pulley; Described drive pulley and driven pulley are vertically mounted on the left side of frame up and down and are connected by belt.
Described control system comprises information gathering part, modulates information processing section, information output part divides and energy supply section forms.Information gathering part comprises broadcast leakage judge module, position judging module, for collecting the signal of each acquisition sensor, and collected signal is sent to modulates information processing section; Described modulates information processing section comprises data acquisition modulation module, message processing module, and the analysis completing signal modulation process that information gathering part sends over and signal judges, after drawing processing mode, sends to information output part to divide control signal; Information output part divides and comprises auto-compensation module, alarm indication input module, the auto-compensation of completion system design and display alarm function; Energy supply section is information gathering part, modulates information processing section and information output part divide and power.
Described broadcast leakage judge module, belongs to information gathering part, and be two pairs of laser-correlation sensors, laser-correlation sensor emission end, receiving terminal are all by 12V storage battery power supply; Laser-correlation sensor receiving terminal is directly connected with the data acquisition modulation module of modulates information processing section by signal data line, sends to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer after signal transacting; Two pairs of laser-correlation sensors are vertically measured spacing correspondence according to test respectively up and down and are arranged on two inner relative sidewalls of Dao Zhong road, measure spacing for having potato seed low limit level complex experiment to obtain according to the empty spoon height of seeding spoon and seeding spoon, installing space is the height distance determining whether potato seed; The seeding spoon of two pairs of laser-correlation sensors to process is measured in real time, and the empty spoon of seeding spoon is highly less than two pairs of laser-correlation sensor installing spaces, cannot block two pairs of laser-correlation sensor signals simultaneously; When seeding spoon moves from bottom to top, first seeding spoon blocks a pair laser-correlation sensors A 1 below, cycle criterion program in signal trigging control program, seeding spoon continues to move upward and blocks a pair laser-correlation sensors A 2 above, whether be blocked signal to determining program at once if detecting now laser-correlation sensors A 1, if now laser-correlation sensors A 1 signal is still blocked, plants spoon and be highly greater than installing space, namely have potato seed in seeding spoon; Laser-correlation sensors A 1 signal is not blocked, then plant spoon be highly less than installing space, namely in seeding spoon without potato seed.Thus judge in seeding spoon with or without potato seed according to sensor signal.
Described position judging module is travel switch, and travel switch is directly connected with data acquisition modulation module by signal data line, sends to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer after signal transacting; Travel switch is arranged on the upper end near two pairs of laser-correlation sensors in Dao Zhong road, and seeding spoon touches travel switch at every turn, and travel switch exports a high level signal; Broadcast leakage judge module signal is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer and carries out the judgement time much smaller than seeding spoon movement velocity, judge that travel switch has started judgement effect after seeding spoon is empty spoon at broadcast leakage judge module signal, travel switch high level signal is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer, namely determine the time that the position of the empty spoon of seeding spoon and acquisition start to reseed, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer sends signal controling stepping motor and reseeds.
Described modulates information processing section comprises message processing module, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer; Message processing module is directly connected by the input pin of the minimum control system of signal data line and single-chip microcomputer; Described message processing module is a DC boosting chip, is responsible for carrying out boosting process to the signal that laser-correlation sensor and travel switch export; Described single-chip minimum system is basic control information processing single chip module.
Described information output part divides and comprises auto-compensation module, alarm indication input module; Described auto-compensation module comprises stepper motor driver, stepper motor and control box; The signal output pin of the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer connects by signal data line the pulse signal Driving Stepping Motor that stepping electrical equipment driver produces according to control program; Described stepper motor is fixedly mounted on the outside compensating Seeding box, and stepper motor output shaft is connected with external recessing axle; Above described control box fixed installation fertilizer can, two compensate the middle part of seeding box; The minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer, stepper motor driver and alarm indication input module are arranged in control box.Described alarm indication input module is made up of relay indicating light, sounding and lighting alarm sensor, input keyboard and display; Single-chip minimum system output pin is by signal data line according to control program connection control relay indicating light and acousto-optic alarm sensor, and during system worked well, indicator lamp does not work, otherwise indicator lamp is red, and sounding and lighting alarm sensor is reported to the police; The minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer connects input keyboard and display by signal data line, arranges amendment by input keyboard to the parameter such as speed of drilling, sowing line-spacing in control program, the information such as display display broadcast leakage quantity.
Described energy supply section is responsible for powering to sensor, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer and other correlation modules.
Described energy supply section selects two 12V storage battery power supplies.Two 12V accumulatoies are connected as 24V voltage is that stepper motor is powered, select one of them accumulator to be 12V voltage laser-correlation sensor power, selecting one of them accumulator to be converted to 5V voltage by DC-DC voltage reduction module is that the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer is powered.
Described DC-DC voltage reduction module selects model to be the DC decompression module of MP1584, and 12V voltage transitions is 5V voltage.
The course of work of the present invention: this sower is articulated on tractor, start tractor to advance, by transmission mechanism, power is passed to seeding driving-chain and fertilizer driving-chain respectively by land wheel, make the reciprocal circulatory motion of seeding spoon of chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism, seeding spoon does not stop, from seeding box, potato seed is transported to Dao Zhong road, and fertilizer distributor also carries out fertilizer operation simultaneously; The seeding spoon of two pairs of laser-correlation sensors to process is measured in real time, the empty spoon of seeding spoon is highly less than two pairs of laser-correlation sensor installing spaces, cannot block two pairs of laser-correlation sensor signals, installing space is the height distance determining whether potato seed simultaneously; When seeding spoon moves from bottom to top, first seeding spoon blocks a pair laser-correlation sensors A 1 below, cycle criterion program in signal trigging control program, seeding spoon continues to move upward and blocks a pair laser-correlation sensors A 2 above, whether be blocked signal to determining program at once if detecting now laser-correlation sensors A 1, if now laser-correlation sensors A 1 signal is still blocked, plants spoon and be highly greater than installing space, namely have potato seed in seeding spoon; Laser-correlation sensors A 1 signal is not blocked, then plant spoon be highly less than installing space, namely in seeding spoon without potato seed.Judge in seeding spoon without after potato seed, signal is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer and carries out the judgement time much smaller than seeding spoon movement velocity, judge seeding spoon be empty spoon after travel switch started judgement effect, travel switch high level signal is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer, namely the time that the position of the empty spoon of seeding spoon and acquisition start to reseed is determined, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer sends signal controling stepping motor driver drives stepper motor and rotates, stepper motor drives the external feed compensated in seeding box to rotate, according to distance computation between seeding spoon movement velocity scope and seeding spoon, now need to reseed empty spoon topmost just in time before elevating chain overturns to seeding spoon, the same with when normally sowing, the potato seed compensated just in time is fallen bottom previous seeding spoon, realize without broadcast leakage, carry out earthing ridging immediately, film coating operation.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages: Sowing machine for potatoes of the present invention adopts compensation sowing, effectively avoids broadcast leakage phenomenon, and reduction hole rate is high, raising seeding quality.Simultaneously can realize single ridge double row sowing, and the after planting several functions such as ridging earthing, face, ridge overlay film, improve the production efficiency of potato sowing.
(4) accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is front view of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is left view of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is vertical view of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that chain spoon formula gets kind of a mechanism structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is control system general structure block diagram;
Fig. 7 is control system general principles block diagram;
Fig. 8 is control system broadcast leakage determining program flow chart.
In Fig. 1: 1, laser-correlation sensor 2, seeding box 3, power take-off 4, gearbox 5, rotary tillage, ridging device 6, covering blade 7, pressing wheel 8, press mold bucket 9, plastic foil support 10, fertilizer drive sprocket 11, fertilizer driving-chain 12, fertilizer output chain gear 13, Dao Zhong road 14, stepper motor 15, compensation Seeding box
In Fig. 2: 16, compensate slideway 17, power input shaft 18, disc-type furrow opener 19, row-planting opener 20, fertilizer shovel 21, seeding drive sprocket 22, drive pulley 23, driven pulley 24, seeding driving-chain 25, lead limit switch 26, seeding output chain gear
In Fig. 3: 27, fertilizer can 28, external roller type fertilizer distributor 29, defertilizing tube 30, fertilizer assembly 31, land wheel 32, support
In Fig. 4: 33, external recessing 34, control box 35, chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism 36, frame
In Fig. 5: 37, elevating chain 38, seeding spoon 39, square plate 40, sprocket wheel
(5) embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, patent of the present invention is described further.Stepper motor used in the present invention, laser-correlation sensor, the components and parts such as single-chip microcomputer, stepper motor driver can be commercial, and the rotary tillage, ridging device used can make according to prior art.
One of the present invention reseeds formula Sowing machine for potatoes automatically, as shown in Fig. 1,2,3,4,5,6, two are: described frame (36) for fixing, supporting other parts, and is articulated on the farm implements such as tractor for compensation dispenser and fertilizer can; Described running gear is made up of two land wheels (31), middle is connected by axletree, is arranged on below frame (36), for advancing of frames (36) and drive facility; Described compensation dispenser for sowing potato seed, and can compensate for broadcast leakage phenomenon timely, enhances productivity; Described fertilizer distributor is used for the supply of fertilizer, ensures the growth conditions of crop; Described control system for judging the disappearance of potato seed, and completes compensating the control of dispenser for disappearance potato seed compensation; Described rotary tillage, ridging device (5) is for the ridging earthing operation after seeding fertilizer; Described film covering device is used for the overlay film press mold operation to potato seed, ensures the growth conditions of potato seed; Described transmission mechanism is used for supplying the transmission of the power of compensation dispenser, fertilizer distributor and rotary tillage, ridging device (5).
Described compensation dispenser comprises chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism (35), seeding box 2, Dao Zhong road 13, support (32), compensates Seeding box (15), external recessing (33), compensates slideway (16) and row-planting opener (19); Described seeding box (2) is arranged on frame (36) front side, and described seeding box (2) bottom is provided with conical case bottom outlet; Described Dao Zhong road (13) is arranged in frame (36) ringwise, a part is arranged in seeding box (2) by seeding box (2) bottom outlet, another part is arranged on seeding box (2) outward, Dao Zhong road (13) bottommost disconnects, and facilitates the landing of potato seed; Described chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism (35) comprises seeding spoon (38), elevating chain (37), square plate (39), sprocket wheel (40) etc.; Elevating chain (37) is arranged in Dao Zhong road (13) by sprocket wheel (40) ringwise, elevating chain (37) is provided with seeding spoon (38), seeding spoon (38) can get kind by upper and lower shuttling movement in Dao Zhong road (13); A certain size square plate (39) is connected with bottom described seeding spoon (38), coming off of potato seed can be placed on, seeding spoon (38) moves from bottom to top together with elevating chain (37), seeding box (2) is entered via taper case bottom outlet, through potato seed layer, dip potato seed.Described Dao Zhong road (13) is fixed in frame (36), and it is inner that Dao Zhong road (13) one end is arranged on seeding box (2) through case bottom outlet; Described external recessing (33) is arranged on the bottom compensating Seeding box (15), the axle of external recessing (33) extends to compensate outside Seeding box (15) and is connected with stepper motor (14), the sowing port of external recessing (33) is connected with and compensates slideway (16), compensating slideway (16) other end extends in Dao Zhong road (13), and just contact with Dao Zhong road (13) wall, in order to complete the landing compensating potato seed.Described support (32) is fixedly mounted on above the rectangular slab on fertilizer can (27), near the side of seeding box (2), compensates Seeding box (15) for supporting; Described compensation Seeding box (15) support (32) supports, and be arranged on above fertilizer can (27), bottom is provided with the case bottom outlet of taper; Described row-planting opener (19) is connected in frame front end with bolt, is positioned at the side of disk coulter (18), keeps point-blank with elevating chain (36) below.
Chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism (35) recited above, seeding box (2), Dao Zhong road (13), support (32), compensation Seeding box (15), external recessing (33), compensation slideway (16) and row-planting opener (19) respectively have two covers, and installation site is symmetrical about the longitudinal centre line of frame (36).During operation, both sides are carried out simultaneously, complete the seeding operation of single ridge duplicate rows.
Described fertilizer distributor comprises disk coulter (18), fertilizer can (27), outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus (28), defertilizing tube (29), fertilizer assembly (30) and fertilizer shovel (20); Described disk coulter (18) is connected in the front end of frame (36) with bolt, be positioned on the central axis of frame (36), shovel (20) with fertilizer thereafter to keep point-blank, complete the ditching operation of fertilizer; Described fertilizer can (27) and seeding box (2) are close to and are arranged on frame (36) front side, and each fertilizer can (27) bottom is provided with two tapered openings; Described outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus (28) is arranged on the lower end of fertilizer can (27), described outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus (28) is connected by the fertilizer driving-chain (11) of axle with frame (36) outside, outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus (28) is driven by fertilizer output chain gear (12), fertilizer is broadcast defertilizing tube (29); Described fertilizer assembly (30) is arranged in the middle of frame (36), and both sides are fixedly welded in frame (36); Described defertilizing tube (29) has four, symmetrical about frame (36) central axis respectively, be arranged on below fertilizer can (27), upper end is connected with the tapered opening of fertilizer can (27), and lower end is connected with fertilizer assembly (30); The lower end of described fertilizer shovel (20) fixed installation fertilizer assembly (30), is positioned in the middle of frame (36).
Described rotary tillage, ridging device (5) is positioned at land wheel (31) rear side, be arranged on below frame (36), right side is arranged in frame (36) by bearing, left side is connected with driven pulley (23) through the bearing in frame (36), and described rotary tillage, ridging device (5) carries out the operation of earthing ridging by driven pulley (23) transmitting power.
Described film covering device comprises plastic foil support (9), press mold bucket (8), pressing wheel (7) and covering blade (6); Described plastic foil support (9), press mold bucket (8), pressing wheel (7) and covering blade (6) are arranged in the frame (36) after rotary tillage, ridging device (5) by bolt successively, interval 30cm between two; Rotary tillage, ridging device (5) is by the kind ditch earthing ridging with potato seed and fertilizer, plastic foil is articulated on plastic foil support (9), plastic foil flattens on ridge by press mold bucket (8), pressing wheel (7) compresses the both sides of plastic foil, covered by plastic foil on face, ridge, plastic foil both sides cover by the soil that furrow dug by covering blade (6).
Pressing wheel recited above (7), covering blade (6) respectively have two, are arranged in frame about frame (36) longitudinal center axis symmetry.
Described transmission mechanism comprises seeding drive sprocket (21), fertilizer drive sprocket (10), seeding output chain gear (26), fertilizer output chain gear (12), fertilizer driving-chain (11), seeding driving-chain (24) and gearbox (4), power input shaft (17), power take-off (3), drive pulley (22), driven pulley (23).Described seeding drive sprocket (21) and fertilizer drive sprocket (10) are separately fixed on land wheel (31) axle, be positioned at the outside of two land wheels (31), advancing transmission of power to seeding driving-chain (24) and fertilizer transmission company (11) by land wheel (31); Described seeding driving-chain (26) is arranged on frame (36) left side, and upper end is articulated on seeding output chain gear (26), and lower end is articulated on seeding drive sprocket (21); Described seeding output chain gear (26) is arranged on the side of the driving shaft of chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism (35), described seeding output chain gear (26) and seeding drive sprocket (21) are vertically mounted on frame (36) left side up and down, carry out power conveying by seeding driving-chain (24); Described fertilizer driving-chain (11) is arranged on the right side of frame (36), upper end is connected with the fertilizer output chain gear (12) on external roller type fertilizer distributor (28) axle, and lower end is connected with the fertilizer drive sprocket (10) on land wheel (31) axle; Described fertilizer output chain gear (12) is arranged on the axle of outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus (28) outside, and described fertilizer drive sprocket (10) and fertilizer output chain gear (12) are by fertilizer driving-chain (11) transmitting power; Described power input shaft (17) passes beneath from fertilizer can (27) and seeding box (2), be arranged on the centre of frame (36), front end is connected with tractor, end is connected with gearbox (4), and power is passed to gearbox (4) from tractor; Described gearbox (4) is fixedly mounted in frame (36), be positioned at the rear side of seeding box (2), be connected with power input shaft (17) above, left side is connected with power take-off (3), changes size and the direction of transfer of power; Described power take-off (3) is arranged in frame (36) by bearing, and right side is connected with gearbox (4), and left side is connected with drive pulley (22); Described drive pulley (22) and driven pulley (23) are vertically mounted on the left side of frame (36) up and down, are connected, transmitting power by belt; Described driven pulley (23) right side is connected with rotary tillage, ridging device (5).
Described control system by information gathering part, modulates information processing section, information output part divides and energy supply section forms.Information gathering part comprises broadcast leakage judge module, position judging module, collects the signal of each acquisition sensor, and collected signal is sent to modulates information processing section; Modulates information processing section comprises data acquisition modulation module, message processing module, and the analysis completing signal modulation process that information gathering part sends over and signal judges, after drawing processing mode, sends to information output part to divide control signal; Information output part divides and comprises auto-compensation module, alarm indication input module, the auto-compensation of completion system design and display alarm function; Energy supply section is information gathering part, modulates information processing section and information output part divide and power.
Described broadcast leakage judge module belongs to information gathering part, and be two pairs of laser-correlation sensors (1), selected sensor is NPN type M12, and laser-correlation sensor (1) transmitting terminal, receiving terminal are all by 12V storage battery power supply; Laser-correlation sensor (1) receiving terminal is directly connected with the data acquisition modulation module of modulates information processing section by signal data line, sends to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer after signal transacting; Two pairs of laser-correlation sensors (1) are vertically measured spacing correspondence according to test respectively up and down and are arranged on two relative sidewalls of Dao Zhong road (13) wall, measure spacing for have potato seed low limit level complex experiment to obtain according to the empty spoon height of seeding spoon (38) and seeding spoon (38), installing space is the height distance determining whether potato seed; The seeding spoon (38) of two pairs of laser-correlation sensors (1) to process is measured in real time, seeding spoon (38) empty spoon is highly less than two pairs of laser-correlation sensor (1) installing spaces, cannot block two pairs of laser-correlation sensor (1) signals simultaneously; When seeding spoon (38) moves from bottom to top, seeding spoon (38) first blocks a pair laser-correlation sensor (1) A1 below, cycle criterion program in signal trigging control program, seeding spoon (38) continues to move upward and blocks a pair laser-correlation sensor (1) A2 above, whether be blocked signal to determining program at once if detecting now laser-correlation sensor (1) A1, if now laser-correlation sensor (1) A1 signal is still blocked, plant spoon and be highly greater than installing space, namely have potato seed in seeding spoon (38); Laser-correlation sensor (1) A1 signal is not blocked, then plant spoon and be highly less than installing space, and namely seeding spoon (38) is middle without potato seed.Thus judge in seeding spoon (38) with or without potato seed according to sensor signal.
Described position judging module is travel switch (25), belong to information gathering part, select ME8166 type angle position travel switch (25), travel switch (25) is directly connected with data acquisition modulation module by signal data line, sends to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer after signal transacting; Travel switch (25) is arranged on the upper end near two pairs of laser-correlation sensors (1) in Dao Zhong road (13), travel switch (25) touched by seeding spoon (38) at every turn, and travel switch (25) exports a high level signal; Broadcast leakage judge module signal is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer and carries out the judgement time much smaller than seeding spoon (38) movement velocity, judge that travel switch (25) has started judgement effect after seeding spoon (38) is for empty spoon at broadcast leakage judge module signal, travel switch (25) high level signal is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer, namely determine the time that the position of seeding spoon (38) empty spoon and acquisition start to reseed, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer sends signal controling stepping motor (14) and reseeds.
Described modulates information processing section comprises message processing module, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer; Message processing module is directly connected by the input pin of the minimum control system of signal data line and single-chip microcomputer; Described message processing module is PT1301 DC boosting chip, is responsible for carrying out boosting process to the signal that laser-correlation sensor (1) and travel switch (25) export; Described single-chip minimum system is basic control information processing single chip module.
The minimum control system of described single-chip microcomputer, 90C52RC control chip selected by single-chip microcomputer, and chip performance excellence is stable, cheap.
Described information output part divides and comprises auto-compensation module, alarm indication input module; Described auto-compensation module comprises stepper motor driver, stepper motor (14) and control box (34); The signal output pin of the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer connects by signal data line the pulse signal Driving Stepping Motor (14) that stepper motor driver produces according to control program; 57H114 type selected by described stepper motor (14), and be fixedly mounted on the outside compensating Seeding box (15), stepper motor (14) output shaft is connected with external recessing axle; Above described control box (34) fixed installation fertilizer can (27), two compensate the middle part of Seeding box (15); The minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer, stepper motor driver and alarm indication input module are arranged in control box (34); Described stepper motor driver selects DM542 type.Described alarm indication input module is made up of relay indicating light, sounding and lighting alarm sensor, input keyboard and display; Single-chip minimum system output pin is by signal data line according to control program connection control relay indicating light and acousto-optic alarm sensor, and during system worked well, indicator lamp does not work, otherwise indicator lamp is red, and sounding and lighting alarm sensor is reported to the police; The minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer connects input keyboard and display by signal data line, arranges amendment by input keyboard to the parameter such as speed of drilling, sowing line-spacing in control program, the information such as display display broadcast leakage quantity.
Described energy supply section is responsible for powering to sensor, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer and other correlation modules.
Described energy supply section selects two 12V storage battery power supplies.Two 12V accumulatoies are connected as 24V voltage is stepper motor (14) power supply, select one of them accumulator to be 12V voltage laser-correlation sensor power, selecting one of them accumulator to be converted to 5V voltage by DC-DC voltage reduction module is that the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer is powered.
Described DC-DC voltage reduction module selects model to be the DC decompression module of MP1584, and 12V voltage transitions is 5V voltage.
As shown in Figure 8, system broadcast leakage determining program flow process is as follows, powers on and first carries out hardware initialization, input through keyboard sowing parameter, complete sowing setting parameter, judge broadcast leakage information by laser-correlation sensor (1) A1, A2, broadcast leakage quantity is counted and shows, after position determined by travel switch (25), control system sends signal, after stepper motor driver receives instruction, perform corresponding instruction, by order-driven stepper motor (14).
The course of work of the present invention: this sower is articulated on tractor, start tractor to advance, by transmission mechanism, power is passed to seeding driving-chain (24) and fertilizer driving-chain (11) respectively by land wheel (31), make the upper reciprocal circulatory motion of chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism (35), seeding spoon (38) on it does not stop, from seeding box (2), potato seed is transported to Dao Zhong road (13), and fertilizer distributor also carries out fertilizer operation simultaneously, when seeding spoon (38) is still in the motion of empty spoon through observation station, two pairs of laser-correlation sensors (1) are blocked by seeding spoon (38) respectively and are subject to signal blocker, minimum control system is judged in seeding spoon without potato seed by laser-correlation sensor disabling signal, minimum control system sends signal controling stepping motor driver drives stepper motor (14) and rotates, stepper motor (14) drives the external feed (33) compensated in seeding box (15) to rotate 90 degree, broadcasting potato seed compensates to the previous seeding spoon (38) of empty seeding spoon, realize without broadcast leakage, carry out earthing ridging immediately, film coating operation.
Claims (1)
1. reseed a formula Sowing machine for potatoes, it is characterized in that comprising the running gear be fixed in frame, compensation dispenser, fertilizer distributor, rotary tillage, ridging device, film covering device, transmission mechanism and control system;
Described running gear is made up of two land wheels, and two land wheels are connected by axletree, and land wheel is arranged on below frame, for frames with drive the advancing of facility;
Described compensation dispenser respectively symmetry is arranged on stands longitudinal central axis both sides; Each compensation dispenser comprises chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism, seeding box, Dao Zhong road, support, compensation Seeding box, external recessing, compensation slideway and row-planting opener;
Described seeding box is arranged in frame, is provided with the case bottom outlet of taper bottom seeding box; Described upper end, Dao Zhong road is arranged in frame, bottom, Dao Zhong road and seeding box case bottom outlet vertical connection; Described chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism comprises seeding spoon, elevating chain, square plate and sprocket wheel; Elevating chain is arranged on Dao Zhong road inwall by sprocket wheel is mobilizable ringwise, equidistantly on elevating chain is provided with multiple seeding spoon, and seeding spoon gets kind along with elevating chain upper and lower shuttling movement in Dao Zhong road; A square plate is connected with bottom described seeding spoon; Seeding spoon moves from bottom to top with elevating chain, enters seeding box via conical chamber bottom outlet, dips the potato seed in seeding box; Described compensation Seeding box be arranged on fertilizer can just above, compensate the case bottom outlet being provided with taper bottom Seeding box; Described external recessing is arranged on the bottom compensating Seeding box, and the axle of external recessing extends to compensation Seeding box outside through the case bottom outlet compensating Seeding box and is connected with stepper motor; The sowing port of external recessing is communicated with Dao Zhong road by compensating slideway, in order to complete the landing compensating potato seed; Described row-planting opener is connected in the side of frame front end disk coulter, is positioned at same perpendicular before and after row-planting opener and described elevating chain;
Described fertilizer distributor comprises disk coulter, fertilizer can, outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus, defertilizing tube, fertilizer assembly and fertilizer shovel; Described disk coulter and fertilizer shovel are all connected on the central axis of front end frame of frame, and fertilizer shovel is positioned on rear side of disk coulter, and both coordinate the ditching operation in order to complete fertilizer; Described fertilizer can and seeding box are close to and are arranged in frame; Pyramid type opening is provided with bottom fertilizer can; Be provided with two outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatuss in each fertilizer can, each outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus is connected with the pyramid type opening bottom fertilizer can respectively, is all connected with a defertilizing tube below each pyramid type opening; Outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus is connected with the fertilizer driving-chain outside frame by axle, and outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus is driven by fertilizer driving-chain, and fertilizer is broadcast defertilizing tube; Described fertilizer assembly is fixedly mounted in the middle of frame; Defertilizing tube is symmetrically distributed in frame central axis both sides respectively; Defertilizing tube upper end respectively with fertilizer can bottom pyramid type open communication, its lower end is all communicated with fertilizer assembly; Described fertilizer shovel is positioned at the lower end of fertilizer assembly;
Described rotary tillage, ridging device is positioned on rear side of land wheel, and its one end is arranged in frame by bearing, and the other end is connected with driven pulley through the bearing in frame, and described rotary tillage, ridging device is by driven pulley transmitting power;
Described film covering device comprises plastic foil support, press mold bucket, pressing wheel and covering blade; Described pressing wheel and covering blade are arranged in the frame of the both sides of stands longitudinal central axis symmetry respectively; Described plastic foil support, press mold bucket, pressing wheel and covering blade are arranged in rotary tillage, ridging device frame below successively; Rotary tillage, ridging device is to the kind ditch earthing ridging with potato seed and fertilizer, plastic foil is articulated on plastic foil support, and plastic foil flattens on ridge by press mold bucket, and pressing wheel compresses the both sides of plastic foil, covered by plastic foil on face, ridge, plastic foil both sides cover by the soil that furrow dug by covering blade;
Described transmission mechanism comprises seeding drive sprocket, fertilizer drive sprocket, seeding output chain gear, fertilizer output chain gear, fertilizer driving-chain, seeding driving-chain and gearbox, power input shaft, power take-off, drive pulley and driven pulley; Described seeding drive sprocket and fertilizer drive sprocket are separately fixed on the axletree of left and right land wheel, advancing transmission of power to seeding driving-chain and fertilizer transmission company by land wheel; Described seeding driving-chain is arranged on the right side of frame, and its upper end is articulated on seeding output chain gear, and lower end is articulated on seeding drive sprocket; Described seeding output chain gear is arranged on the side of external recessing axle; Described seeding output chain gear and seeding drive sprocket are vertically mounted on the left of frame up and down, carry out power conveying by seeding driving-chain; Described fertilizer driving-chain is arranged on the right side of frame, and its upper end is connected with the fertilizer output chain gear on outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus axle, and lower end is connected with the fertilizer drive sprocket on land axle; Described fertilizer output chain gear is arranged on the axle outside outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus, and described fertilizer drive sprocket and fertilizer output chain gear are by fertilizer driving-chain transmitting power; Described power input shaft passes beneath from fertilizer can and seeding box, is arranged on the centre of frame; Power input shaft front end is connected with tractor, and end is connected with gearbox, and power is passed to gearbox from tractor; Described gearbox is fixedly mounted in frame, is positioned at the rear side of seeding box; Gearbox is connected with power take-off, changes the direction of transfer of power; Described power take-off is arranged in frame by bearing, and right side is connected with gearbox, is connected on the left of power take-off with drive pulley; Described drive pulley and driven pulley are vertically mounted on the left side of frame up and down and are connected by belt;
Described control system comprises information gathering part, modulates information processing section, information output part divides and energy supply section forms; Information gathering part comprises broadcast leakage judge module, position judging module, for collecting the signal of each acquisition sensor, and collected signal is sent to modulates information processing section; Described modulates information processing section comprises data acquisition modulation module, message processing module, and the analysis completing signal modulation process that information gathering part sends over and signal judges, after drawing processing mode, sends to information output part to divide control signal; Information output part divides and comprises auto-compensation module, alarm indication input module, the auto-compensation of completion system design and display alarm function; Energy supply section is information gathering part, modulates information processing section and information output part divide and power;
Described broadcast leakage judge module is two pairs of laser-correlation sensors; Laser-correlation sensor receiving terminal is directly connected with the data acquisition modulation module of modulates information processing section by signal data line, sends to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer after signal transacting; The two pairs of laser-correlation sensors up and down vertical correspondence are arranged on two inner relative sidewalls of Dao Zhong road;
Described position judging module is travel switch, and travel switch is directly connected with data acquisition modulation module by signal data line, sends to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer after signal transacting; Travel switch is arranged on the upper end near two pairs of laser-correlation sensors in Dao Zhong road, and seeding spoon touches travel switch at every turn, and travel switch exports a high level signal;
Described modulates information processing section comprises message processing module, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer; Message processing module is directly connected by the input pin of the minimum control system of signal data line and single-chip microcomputer;
Described information output part divides and comprises auto-compensation module, alarm indication input module; Described auto-compensation module comprises stepper motor driver, stepper motor and control box; The signal output pin of the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer connects by signal data line the pulse signal Driving Stepping Motor that stepping electrical equipment driver produces according to control program; Described stepper motor is fixedly mounted on the outside compensating Seeding box, and stepper motor output shaft is connected with external recessing axle; Above described control box fixed installation fertilizer can, two compensate the middle part of seeding box; The minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer, stepper motor driver and alarm indication input module are arranged in control box; Described alarm indication input module is made up of relay indicating light, sounding and lighting alarm sensor, input keyboard and display; The minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer connects input keyboard and display by signal data line, arranges amendment, display display broadcast leakage quantity information by input keyboard to speed of drilling, sowing line-spacing parameter in control program;
Described energy supply section is powered to laser-correlation sensor, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer and other correlation modules.
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| CN105284226A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-02-03 | 青岛农业大学 | Potato miss-seeding detecting device and potato seeding device |
| CN105325095A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-02-17 | 青岛农业大学 | Potato locating and marking device and potato seeding device |
| CN105830570A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-08-10 | 安向阳 | Automatic potato sowing machine |
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| CN105325095A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-02-17 | 青岛农业大学 | Potato locating and marking device and potato seeding device |
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| CN106888636A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-27 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of precise seeder |
| CN106888636B (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2020-08-04 | 四川农业大学 | Precise seed sowing device |
| CN105830570B (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2018-03-09 | 安向阳 | Potato seeding plough |
| CN105830570A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-08-10 | 安向阳 | Automatic potato sowing machine |
| CN106688397A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-24 | 长安大学 | Seeder with adjustable spreading volume and using method |
| CN106879287A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-06-23 | 甘肃农业大学 | Integrated potato setter is reseeded in unidirectional clutch type sowing |
| CN108781657A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-13 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | A kind of Sowing machine for potatoes and its broadcast leakage detection method and detection device |
| CN107703831B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2024-03-19 | 青岛农业大学 | Missing seeding detection-reseeding system, potato missing seeding detection-reseeding integrated control system and method thereof |
| CN107667585A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-02-09 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of Sowing machine for potatoes of efficiently seeding |
| CN107703831A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-02-16 | 青岛农业大学 | System is reseeded in broadcast leakage detection, integral control system and its method are reseeded in potato broadcast leakage detection |
| CN107750550A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-03-06 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of potato feed mechanism for seed intelligently reseeds device |
| CN108811639A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-16 | 广西民族大学 | A kind of pre-cut kind open type transverse direction sugarcane seeder |
| CN108811639B (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2024-06-07 | 广西民族大学 | Open horizontal sugarcane disseminator of cut kind in advance |
| CN109168473A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-01-11 | 河北农业大学 | Take orienting device's walnut intelligent seeder |
| CN110583174A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2019-12-20 | 昆明理工大学 | Hand propelled scutellaria baicalensis seeder with electronic detection device |
| CN111083968B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-11-26 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | Precision seeding device and method for seeding quantity compensation |
| CN111083968A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-05-01 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | Precision seeding device and method for seeding quantity compensation |
| WO2024119556A1 (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2024-06-13 | 西华大学 | Seeder suitable for lumpy seeds |
| CN116210385A (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-06-06 | 湖南省农业装备研究所 | No-tillage side deep fertilization precision direct seeding machine |
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