CN204005965U - A kind of self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing - Google Patents

A kind of self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN204005965U
CN204005965U CN201420461501.5U CN201420461501U CN204005965U CN 204005965 U CN204005965 U CN 204005965U CN 201420461501 U CN201420461501 U CN 201420461501U CN 204005965 U CN204005965 U CN 204005965U
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China
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coal
ect
bed
fluid bed
heating surface
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CN201420461501.5U
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樊伟
曹立勇
杜奇
张媛
刘江
张修山
徐光勖
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Dongfang Electric Co ltd
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Dongfang Electric Corp
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing, comprise down-flow fluidized bed using ECT and fluid bed, the top of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT is provided with raw coal entrance, the upper end, side of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT is provided with pyrolysis gas outlet, pyrolysis gas outlet is connected to fluid bed, the lower end of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT is provided with the outlet of pyrolysis coal tar, and the outlet of pyrolysis coal tar is connected to fluid bed through coal tar collector; The coal ash at fluid bed top and the mixture outlet of flue gas are connected to cyclone separator, and the exhanst gas outlet at the top of cyclone separator is discharged by chimney, and the coal ash outlet of cyclone separator bottom is connected to the bottom of fluid bed; This system can solve existing station boiler convection heating surface and stain problem, ensure the abundant heat exchange of boiler heating surface, stablize boiler output, avoid the convection heating surface overheating problem causing owing to staiing, greatly reduce the generation of pipe explosion accident, realize the extensive pure burning utilization of high alkalinity coal.

Description

A kind of self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing
Technical field
The utility model relates to the correlation technique that boiler heating surface stains, and is specially a kind of self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing.
Background technology
The problem that coal-fired power station boiler generally occurs comprises the slagging scorification of boiler furnace water-cooling wall, convection heating surface contamination and slagging scorification etc., has had a strong impact on the stability and safety operation of station boiler.Contamination and slagging scorification meeting cause the heat transfer efficiency of boiler to decline, and affect the security of boiler output and equipment operation, may cause the major accidents such as burner hearth is flame-out, booster, unplanned blowing out when slagging scorification is serious.
The variety of issue causing for solving contamination and slagging scorification, Chinese scholars is studied from the aspect such as coal characteristic, Boiler Operation.Judge index by coal characteristic being researched and proposed to multiple slagging scorification, the contamination to coal and ash deposition propensity carry out anticipation, for boiler design personnel provide reference and foundation.But these slagging scorification judge that index exists limitation in actual application, can only can not fundamentally solve the harm problem of staiing boiler as preliminary judgement.For existing station boiler, in the time using the coal that some stains and ash deposition propensity is serious, scholars propose the method for operation by adjusting boiler, such as slow down the slagging scorification problem of boiler with the temperature in control burner hearth by adjusting boiler combustion, still convenient operation is not promoted yet in practice.
Research shows, the alkali metal in coal is to cause the principal element of staiing with slagging scorification.For high alkalinity coal, due to the volatilization of alkali metal in coal, easily on Boiler Convection Heating Surface, condensation forms one deck with NaCl or Na 2sO 4the bottoming attachment that form exists.This attachment has compared with strong cohesiveness and adsorbs flying dust, make convection heating surface occur contamination phenomenon in various degree, and pollutant cannot use soot blower to remove, thereby cause heating surface heat-transfer capability to decline, cause the problems such as exhaust gas temperature rising, finally make burner hearth exert oneself and greatly reduce and cause blowing out.Therefore,, if can reduce in coal or evaporate into the alkali metal compound share in flue gas, can solve or alleviate from root the contamination problem of Boiler Convection Heating Surface.
Domesticly utilize high alkalinity coal also to lack engineering operation experience for burning, only problem is stain in the burning of coal of research high alkalinity in the indivedual power plant in Xinjiang region, and the mode of just mixing burning by outer coal at present alleviates contamination problem.Outer coal is mixed firing method and is actually by adding other low alkalinity metal coals, has reduced alkali-metal relative amount in raw coal.The mixed-fuel burning proportion of the attainable high alkalinity coal of boiler is lower at present.When mixed-fuel burning proportion increases, it is serious that convection heating surface stains dust stratification, forms flue gas corridor, and sweep of gases causes high temperature reheater, high temperature superheater to leak.Because Xinjiang region high alkalinity coal utilization mode mostly is electric power stations near coal-mines, the demand of mixing the external coal of burning mode is larger, and this mode is often subject to the restriction of traffic condition, has greatly increased operating cost.The coal-powder boiler boiler of modern large-scale power station is by arranging that pendant superheater reduces furnace exit temperature and reduces melting slagging scorification, but because some alkali metal salt fusing point in flue gas is lower, during through convection heating surface, still can produce slagging scorification, especially in the time of the coal of the standard east of burning high basic metal, slagging scorification phenomenon is particularly serious.CFBB has the advantages such as fuel tolerance is wide, efficiency of combustion is high, disposal of pollutants is few, is developed rapidly in the nearly more than ten years, obtains business application widely in station boiler field.And use high alkalinity coal as thermal coal in CFBB time, the contamination problem of convection heating surface is serious equally.Due to the existence of slagging scorification and contamination, cause extensive efficient utilization of China's high alkalinity coal to be restricted, thereby restricted the efficiency of China's using energy source.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing, can solve existing station boiler convection heating surface and stain problem, ensure the abundant heat exchange of boiler heating surface, stablize boiler output, avoid the convection heating surface overheating problem causing owing to staiing, greatly reduce the generation of pipe explosion accident, realize the extensive pure burning utilization of high alkalinity coal.
The technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
A kind of self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing, it is characterized in that: comprise down-flow fluidized bed using ECT and fluid bed, the top of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT is provided with raw coal entrance, the upper end, side of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT is provided with pyrolysis gas outlet, pyrolysis gas outlet is connected to fluid bed, the lower end of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT is provided with the outlet of pyrolysis coal tar, and the outlet of pyrolysis coal tar is connected to fluid bed through coal tar collector; The coal ash at fluid bed top and the mixture outlet of flue gas are connected to cyclone separator, and the exhanst gas outlet at the top of cyclone separator is discharged by chimney, and the coal ash outlet of cyclone separator bottom is connected to the bottom of fluid bed.
The pyrolysis gas outlet of described down-flow fluidized bed using ECT is connected to fluid bed through purifier, and purifier is mainly used in except sodium processing.
Described coal tar collector is connected to fluid bed through material returning device.
The coal ash outlet of described cyclone separator bottom is connected to the bottom of fluid bed through material returning device.
The top of described down-flow fluidized bed using ECT is provided with the oxygen tank of coal bunker, dispenser and delivering oxygen, and coal bunker is connected to dispenser, and dispenser is connected to the raw coal entrance of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT, and sending between dispenser and down-flow fluidized bed using ECT connects oxygen tank on route; By the oxygen of carrying, there is the reaction of part oxidizing fire, can provide heat to carry out pyrolysis to the raw coal that has neither part nor lot in burning of sending into through coal bunker, feed.
Described fluid bed bottom is provided with air blast.
Between the exhanst gas outlet at described cyclone separator top and chimney, be also provided with heat exchanger and air-introduced machine, heat exchanger, for reducing the temperature of flue gas, is effectively displaced into chimney by the flue gas after cooling by air-introduced machine.
The course of work of the present utility model is:
First by coal bunker, dispenser, raw coal is sent into down-flow fluidized bed using ECT, react with the oxygen generation part oxidizing fire of being sent into by oxygen tank, provide heat to carry out pyrolysis to the raw coal that has neither part nor lot in burning.Pyrolysis gas is sent into fluidized bed combustion through purifier except after sodium.After pyrolysis coal tar is collected by coal tar collector, send into the burner hearth of fluid bed and burn from the air of air blast through material returning device; The coal ash that burning generates enters cyclone separator with flue gas and separates; The flue gas that separation obtains is discharged into atmosphere through air-introduced machine by chimney after being lowered the temperature by heat exchanger.The coal ash that separation obtains returns to the burner hearth of fluid bed through material returning device; Boiler slag removal is discharged in the bottom of fluid bed.
High alkalinity coal carries out after pyrolysis in down-flow fluidized bed using ECT, volatile is removed in a large number, content in coal tar declines, in the flue gas generating while burning in the burner hearth of fluid bed, active sodium Na content reduces greatly, when the follow-up heating surface due to flue gas in active sodium content few, substantially do not stain.
The utlity model has following beneficial effect:
(1) adopt in descending pyrolysis bed and provide the mode of heat to carry out pyrolysis to raw coal by partial oxidation burning, the self-heating double bed system of in fluid bed, pyrolysis coal tar being burnt, remove most of volatile sodium in coal by pyrolysis, reduce the sodium element content in coal, reduce the contamination of Boiler Convection Heating Surface, improve the heat exchange efficiency of heat-transfer surface, stablized boiler output.
(2) utilize the combustion reaction of raw coal partial oxidation to provide pyrolysis needed heat, can be by regulating the amount control pyrolysis temperature of oxygen, with utilizing cycling hot ash, raw coal is carried out compared with hot analytical system, solve the problem that pyrolysis temperature is limited by cycling hot ash maximum temperature, made system there is the higher free degree.
(3) pyrolysis gas pyrolysis being obtained is sent into fluid bed again and is burnt, and can avoid pyrolytic tar to contain the high unmanageable problem of ash, effectively utilizes the combustible component in coal simultaneously, ensures boiler combustion efficiency.
(4) original boiler is changed not quite, can be realized the extensive pure burning utilization of high alkalinity coal, be conducive to improve the economic benefit of power plant.
(5) for the high alkalinity coal such as the eastern coal of standard burning contamination problem, solve the problem of burning the great number costs such as the coal dust cost of transportation that brings owing to mixing, can realize the pure burning utilization of high alkalinity coal.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.
Wherein, Reference numeral is: 1 coal bunker, 2 dispensers, 3 oxygen tanks, 4 down-flow fluidized bed using ECTs, 5 purifiers, 6 coal tar collectors, 7 material returning devices, 8 air blasts, 9 fluid beds, 10 cyclone separators, 11 heat exchangers, 12 air-introduced machines, 13 chimneys.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing comprises down-flow fluidized bed using ECT 4 and fluid bed 9.
The top of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT 4 is provided with raw coal entrance, on raw coal entrance, be provided with the oxygen tank 3 of coal bunker 1, dispenser 2 and delivering oxygen, coal bunker 1 is connected to dispenser 2, and dispenser 2 is connected to the raw coal entrance of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT 4, and sending between dispenser 2 and down-flow fluidized bed using ECT 4 connects oxygen tank 3 on route; By the oxygen of carrying, there is the reaction of part oxidizing fire, can provide heat to carry out pyrolysis to the raw coal that has neither part nor lot in burning of sending into through coal bunker 1, feed.
The upper end, side of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT 4 is provided with pyrolysis gas outlet, and pyrolysis gas outlet is connected to fluid bed 9, and pyrolysis gas outlet is connected to fluid bed 9 through purifier 5, and purifier 5 is mainly used in except sodium processing.
The lower end of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT 4 is provided with the outlet of pyrolysis coal tar, and the outlet of pyrolysis coal tar is connected to fluid bed 9 through coal tar collector 6, material returning device 7; The coal ash at fluid bed 9 tops and the mixture outlet of flue gas are connected to cyclone separator 10, and the exhanst gas outlet at the top of cyclone separator 10 is discharged by chimney 13, and the coal ash outlet of cyclone separator 10 bottoms is connected to the bottom of fluid bed 9.
The coal ash outlet of described cyclone separator 10 bottoms is connected to the bottom of fluid bed 9 through material returning device 7.
Described fluid bed 9 bottoms are provided with air blast 8.
Between the exhanst gas outlet at described cyclone separator 10 tops and chimney 13, be also provided with heat exchanger 11 and air-introduced machine 12, heat exchanger 11, for reducing the temperature of flue gas, is effectively displaced into chimney 13 by the flue gas after cooling by air-introduced machine 12.
The course of work of the present utility model is:
First by coal bunker 1, dispenser 2, raw coal is sent into down-flow fluidized bed using ECT 4, react with the oxygen generation part oxidizing fire of being sent into by oxygen tank 3, provide heat to carry out pyrolysis to the raw coal that has neither part nor lot in burning.Pyrolysis gas burns except sending into fluid bed 9 after sodium through purifier 5.After pyrolysis coal tar is collected by coal tar collector 6, send into the burner hearth of fluid bed 9 and burn from the air of air blast 8 through material returning device 7.The coal ash that burning generates enters cyclone separator 10 with flue gas and separates.The flue gas that separation obtains is discharged into atmosphere through air-introduced machine 12 by chimney 13 after being lowered the temperature by heat exchanger 11.The coal ash that separation obtains returns to the burner hearth of fluid bed 9 through material returning device 7.Boiler slag removal carries out in the bottom of fluid bed 9.High alkalinity coal carries out after pyrolysis in down-flow fluidized bed using ECT 4, volatile Na is removed in a large number, Na content in coal tar declines, in the flue gas generating while burning in the burner hearth of fluid bed 9, active sodium Na content reduces greatly, when the follow-up heating surface due to flue gas in active sodium content few, substantially do not stain.

Claims (7)

1. a self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing, it is characterized in that: comprise down-flow fluidized bed using ECT (4) and fluid bed (9), the top of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT (4) is provided with raw coal entrance, the upper end, side of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT (4) is provided with pyrolysis gas outlet, pyrolysis gas outlet is connected to fluid bed (9), the lower end of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT (4) is provided with the outlet of pyrolysis coal tar, and the outlet of pyrolysis coal tar is connected to fluid bed (9) through coal tar collector (6); The coal ash at fluid bed (9) top and the mixture outlet of flue gas are connected to cyclone separator (10), the exhanst gas outlet at the top of cyclone separator (10) is discharged by chimney (13), and the coal ash outlet of cyclone separator (10) bottom is connected to the bottom of fluid bed (9).
2. the self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the pyrolysis gas outlet of described down-flow fluidized bed using ECT (4) is connected to fluid bed (9) through purifier (5).
3. the self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described coal tar collector (6) is connected to fluid bed (9) through material returning device (7).
4. the self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the coal ash outlet of described cyclone separator (10) bottom is connected to the bottom of fluid bed (9) through material returning device (7).
5. the self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the top of described down-flow fluidized bed using ECT (4) is provided with the oxygen tank (3) of coal bunker (1), dispenser (2) and delivering oxygen, coal bunker (1) is connected to dispenser (2), dispenser (2) is connected to the raw coal entrance of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT (4), and sending between dispenser (2) and down-flow fluidized bed using ECT (4) connects oxygen tank (3) on route.
6. the self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fluid bed (9) bottom is provided with air blast (8).
7. the self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: between the exhanst gas outlet at described cyclone separator (10) top and chimney (13), be also provided with heat exchanger (11) and air-introduced machine (12).
CN201420461501.5U 2014-08-15 2014-08-15 A kind of self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing Expired - Lifetime CN204005965U (en)

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CN201420461501.5U CN204005965U (en) 2014-08-15 2014-08-15 A kind of self-heating double bed system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing

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C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
TR01 Transfer of patent right
TR01 Transfer of patent right

Effective date of registration: 20180427

Address after: 610000 18 West core road, hi-tech West District, Chengdu, Sichuan

Patentee after: DONGFANG ELECTRIC Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 610036 Shu Han Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, No. 333

Patentee before: DONGFANG ELECTRIC Corp.

CX01 Expiry of patent term
CX01 Expiry of patent term

Granted publication date: 20141210