CN204006068U - A kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing - Google Patents

A kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN204006068U
CN204006068U CN201420461698.2U CN201420461698U CN204006068U CN 204006068 U CN204006068 U CN 204006068U CN 201420461698 U CN201420461698 U CN 201420461698U CN 204006068 U CN204006068 U CN 204006068U
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China
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coal
boiler
semicoke
pyrolysis reactor
outlet
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CN201420461698.2U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杜奇
曹立勇
樊伟
刘正宁
刘江
曹海波
银燕
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Dongfang Electric Corp
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Dongfang Electric Corp
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing, the exhanst gas outlet of coal dust furnace is connected to respectively heating riser and back-end ductwork device, the high temperature semicoke outlet that heating riser is connected to the hot semicoke groove of hot semicoke groove is connected to pyrolysis reactor, and the coal ash outlet of pyrolysis reactor is connected to respectively feed end and the heating riser of coal dust furnace; The exhanst gas outlet of hot semicoke groove is connected to pyrolysis reactor after by separator one; The exhanst gas outlet of pyrolysis reactor is connected to coal dust furnace by separator two; Pyrolysis reactor is also provided with high alkalinity coal entrance; This system can fundamentally solve or greatly alleviate convection heating surface and stain situation, pyrolysis gas is collected sodium resource through purifier simultaneously, after purifying, pyrolysis gas and tar are sent in coal-powder boiler and are burnt, and effectively utilize combustible component in coal, guarantee boiler combustion efficiency.

Description

A kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing
Technical field
The utility model relates to coal-powder boiler technical field, is specially a kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing.
Background technology
China's power industry be take thermal power generation as main, and thermoelectricity installed capacity surpasses more than 70%.Coal-powder boiler have burning rapidly, completely, capacity is large, efficiency is high, it is wide to adapt to coal, be convenient to the advantages such as control and regulation, when using high alkalinity coal, be present in the alkali compounds in coal, in combustion process, can evaporate, easily condense in the ash deposition that forms sintering or bonding on boiler heating surface, cause the burn into slag and fouling problem of the equipment of boiler heating surface.Slagging scorification and the meeting of contamination reduce the heat transfer efficiency of boiler, affect boiler output, the safety in operation of equipment seriously being reduced, may cause the major accidents such as burner hearth is flame-out, booster, unplanned blowing out when slagging scorification is serious, is one of major issue of the normal operation of the Long-term Effect station boiler.
For the variety of issue that prevents from bringing due to slag and fouling, Chinese scholars has been carried out a large amount of research to the mechanism of slag and fouling, research shows that slag and fouling is complicated physical-chemical reaction process, ash erosion is a complicated physical and chemical process, it is again a dynamic process, both relevant with fuel characteristic, also relevant with structure and the service condition of boiler.Scholar has proposed a plurality of slagging scorification and has judged index, but these slagging scorification judge that index has significant limitation in actual application, can only can not fundamentally solve the harm problem of staiing boiler as preliminary judgement.For high alkalinity coal, due to the volatilization of alkali metal in coal, easily in boiler heating surface condensation, form one deck bottoming attachment, bottoming owner will exist with sodium chloride or sodium sulphate form.After mentioned component volatilizees under hot environment, easily condense in the ash deposition that forms sintering or bonding on convection heating surface, along with the suction-operated of attachment to flying dust, can make convection heating surface occur contamination phenomenon in various degree, and pollutant cannot be used soot blower to remove, thereby cause heating surface heat-transfer capability to decline, cause the problems such as exhaust gas temperature rising, finally make burner hearth exert oneself and greatly reduce and cause blowing out.
Domesticly for burning, utilize high alkalinity coal also to lack engineering operation experience, only problem is stain in the burning of coal of research high alkalinity in the indivedual power plant in Xinjiang region, does not effectively utilize at present way.By optimizing boiler combustion mode, control the temperature in burner hearth and burn and slow down the slagging scorification problem of boiler, convenient operation is not promoted yet in practice.Only have the mode of mixing burning by outer coal to alleviate contamination problem, after utilizing accurate eastern coal to mix with other coal, mix burning, the ratio of Boiler Mixed Burning high alkalinity coal should not surpass 30%, when mixed-fuel burning proportion increases, it is serious that the convection heating surface of boiler stains dust stratification, and alkali metal is also very serious to the bulk material corrosion of boiler simultaneously.Because Xinjiang region high alkalinity coal utilization mode mostly is electric power stations near coal-mines, mix while burning the demand of external coal larger, aim at so eastern coal use amount very limited, from other, local to buy high-quality coal-fired again simultaneously, increased the cost of electricity-generating of electricity power enterprise.Aim at the exploitation in eastern coalfield and the construction in power supply base has brought difficulty, be difficult to the advantage of the eastern coal of standard to be given full play to, the design of pulverized-coal fired boiler and operation are brought to very large difficulty simultaneously.Therefore,, during the pure burning high alkalinity of boiler coal, the contamination of convection heating surface is problem demanding prompt solution.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing, can effectively solve existing station boiler convection heating surface and stain problem, reduce boiler heating surface and arrange difficulty, guarantee the abundant heat exchange of boiler heating surface, stablize boiler output; Avoid the convection heating surface overheating problem causing owing to staiing, greatly reduce the generation of pipe explosion accident; Realize the extensive pure burning utilization of high alkalinity coal, do not affect boiler combustion efficiency simultaneously.
The technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
A kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing, it is characterized in that: comprise coal dust furnace, heating riser, hot semicoke groove, mixed pyrolysis device, separator one, the exhanst gas outlet of coal dust furnace is connected to respectively heating riser and back-end ductwork device, and the outlet of heating riser is connected to hot semicoke groove; The high temperature semicoke outlet of hot semicoke groove is connected to pyrolysis reactor, and the coal ash outlet of pyrolysis reactor is connected to respectively feed end and the heating riser of coal dust furnace;
The exhanst gas outlet of hot semicoke groove is connected to separator one, and the coal ash outlet of separator one is connected to pyrolysis reactor, and the exhanst gas outlet of separator one is connected to back-end ductwork device;
The exhanst gas outlet of pyrolysis reactor is connected to coal dust furnace by separator two;
Pyrolysis reactor is also provided with high alkalinity coal entrance.
The exhanst gas outlet of described separator two is connected on the pipeline of coal dust furnace and is provided with purifier.
The coal ash outlet of described pyrolysis reactor is connected to heat exchanger, and the coal ash outlet of heat exchanger is connected to the feed end of coal dust furnace; Coal dust furnace feed end comprises coal bunker and the dispenser of carrying raw coal, is also provided with air blast and burner, and coal bunker is connected to dispenser, and dispenser is connected to burner, and air blast is also connected to burner, and air blast is carried the required air of burning.
Described back-end ductwork device comprises back-end ductwork, deduster and air-introduced machine, and the end of back-end ductwork is installed deduster, and the outlet flue of back-end ductwork connects air-introduced machine, after dedusting, by air-introduced machine, is discharged.
Flue-gas temperature after this utility model utilization burning is higher, through horizontal flue, partly enter heating riser, in heating riser, semicoke and high-temperature flue gas carry out heat exchange and lifting, and semicoke enters hot semicoke groove as heat carrier use after heating, and the hot flue gas of discharge is sent into back-end ductwork after separator.Raw coal enters pyrolysis reactor through dispenser, comes the warm semicoke of height of self-heating semicoke groove to mix with raw coal, completes the pyrolytic reaction of coal, and in coal dust, alkali metal at high temperature volatilizees and enters in pyrolysis gas, after alkali metal is removed in purification, sends into hearth combustion.The part semicoke of pyrolysis reactor outlet delivers into heat exchanger, after exchange heat, sends in coal bunker and stores, and the coal in coal bunker is sent into burner from dispenser and burnt burner hearth.Because alkali metal in coal tar significantly reduces, avoided combustion product gases alkali metal compound in burner hearth to meet the initiation layer that cold bonding is attached to formation contamination on convection heating surface tube wall, destroyed and stain the primary condition forming.
The course of work of whole system is:
In start-up, can be first by coal beyond coal dust furnace feed end, mixing burning mode sends into coal dust furnace and burns, until coal dust furnace starts normal operation, furnace temperature reaches after uniform temperature, the flue gas of recycling boiler self heats standby semicoke, after heating riser normal operation, can stop adding of outer coal; Boiler normal operating phase, semicoke and external air through pyrolysis burn in the burner hearth of coal dust furnace, a combustion product gases part is sent into heating riser, and a part enters through back-end ductwork device in addition, and the flue gas in heating riser enters hot semicoke groove; Pyrolysis reactor one end passes into high alkalinity coal, the other end passes into the high temperature semicoke of self-heating semicoke groove, through carry out pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor, the feed end that a part of semicoke after pyrolysis delivers into coal dust furnace after heat exchanger carries out temperature adjustment stores, another part semicoke enters heating riser, carries out heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas from burner hearth; The gas that pyrolysis obtains is sent into coal dust furnace and is burnt after purifier is removed sodium.Boiler slag removal carries out at coal dust firing furnace bottom.
High alkalinity coal carries out after pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor, volatile sodium is removed in a large number, sodium content in coal declines, in the flue gas generating while burning in coal dust furnace burner hearth, active sodium content reduces greatly, when the follow-up heating surface due to flue gas in active sodium content few, substantially do not stain.
The utlity model has following beneficial effect:
(1) adopt a kind of in pyrolysis reactor high temperature semicoke and high alkalinity coal mixed pyrolysis, by pyrolysis, remove the volatile sodium in coal, reduce coal-powder boiler and entered the sodium element content in stove coal, reduced the contamination of Boiler Convection Heating Surface, improve the heat exchange efficiency of heat-transfer surface, stablized boiler output;
(2) by utilizing high temperature semicoke and high alkalinity coal mixed pyrolysis, pyrolysis gas is sent into hearth combustion after purifying, energy utilization efficiency improves, and has reduced the problem of gas solid separation dedusting, the great number cost of simultaneously having avoided high alkalinity coal can only bring by mixing the utilization of burning approach at present;
(3) former boiler design being changed little in the situation that, realize the extensive pure burning utilization of high alkalinity coal, improved the benefit of power plant.
The system that the utility model adopts the former pyrolysis of coal of semicoke heat carrier and coal-powder boiler to combine, fire coal is first mixed and carries out high temperature pyrolysis with high temperature semicoke in pyrolysis reactor, volatilizable alkali metal chloride is evaporate in pyrolysis gas, thereby reduce coal-powder boiler and enter alkali metal content in stove coal, and then the alkali metal in minimizing combustion product gases, can fundamentally solve or greatly alleviate convection heating surface and stain situation, pyrolysis gas is collected sodium resource through purifier simultaneously, after purifying, pyrolysis gas and tar are sent in coal-powder boiler and are burnt, effectively utilize combustible component in coal, guarantee boiler combustion efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.
Wherein, Reference numeral is: 1 coal bunker, 2 dispensers, 3 air blasts, 4 burners, 5 coal dust furnaces, 6 heating risers, 7 hot semicoke grooves, 8 pyrolysis reactors, 9 coal bunkers, 10 dispensers, 11 separators one, 12 heat exchangers, 13 purifiers, 14 dedusters, 15 air-introduced machines.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the semicoke heat carrier coal-powder boiler system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing of the present invention, comprise coal dust furnace 5, heating riser 6, hot semicoke groove 7, pyrolysis reactor 8, separator 1, the exhanst gas outlet of coal dust furnace 5 is connected to respectively heating riser 6 and back-end ductwork device, and the outlet of heating riser 6 is connected to hot semicoke groove 7; The high temperature semicoke outlet of hot semicoke groove 7 is connected to pyrolysis reactor 8, and the coal ash outlet of pyrolysis reactor 8 is connected to respectively feed end and the heating riser 6 of coal dust furnace 5;
The exhanst gas outlet of hot semicoke groove 7 is connected to separator 1, and the coal ash outlet of separator 1 is connected to pyrolysis reactor 8, and the exhanst gas outlet of separator 1 is connected to back-end ductwork device;
The exhanst gas outlet of pyrolysis reactor 8 is connected to coal dust furnace 5 by separator two;
Pyrolysis reactor 8 is also provided with high alkalinity coal entrance.
The exhanst gas outlet of described separator two is connected on the pipeline of coal dust furnace 5 and is provided with purifier 13.
The coal ash outlet of described pyrolysis reactor 8 is connected to heat exchanger 12, the coal ash outlet of heat exchanger 12 is connected to the feed end of coal dust furnace 5, coal dust furnace 5 feed ends comprise coal bunker 1, dispenser 2 and burner 4, and burner 4 is also connected with for passing into the air blast 3 of air.
Described back-end ductwork device comprises back-end ductwork, deduster 14 and air-introduced machine 15, and the end of back-end ductwork is installed deduster 14, and the outlet flue of back-end ductwork connects air-introduced machine 15, after dedusting, by air-introduced machine 15, is discharged.
The course of work of whole system is:
In boiler start-up, can be first by coal beyond coal bunker 1, dispenser 2, mixing burning mode sends into coal dust furnace 5 and burns, until starting normal operation furnace temperature, coal dust furnace 5 reaches after uniform temperature, the flue gas of recycling boiler self heats standby semicoke, after riser 6 normal operations, can stop adding by coal bunker 1, dispenser 2 outer coals.Boiler normal operating phase, the semicoke of process pyrolysis burns in the burner hearth of coal dust furnace 5 with the air from air blast 3, and a combustion product gases part is sent into heating riser 6, and a part enters chimney after back-end ductwork cooling in addition.High alkalinity coal from coal bunker 9, dispenser 10 enters from pyrolysis reactor 8 one end, come the high temperature semicoke of self-heating semicoke groove 7 to be entered by pyrolysis reactor 8 other ends, raw coal carries out pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor 8, a semicoke part after pyrolysis enters heat exchanger 12, temperature delivers into coal bunker 1 and stores after adjusting, another part enters heating riser 6, carries out heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas from burner hearth.The gas that pyrolysis obtains is sent into coal dust furnace 5 and is burnt after purifier 14 is removed sodium.Boiler slag removal carries out in coal dust furnace 5 bottoms.High alkalinity coal carries out after pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor 8, volatile sodium is removed in a large number, sodium content in coal declines, in the flue gas generating while burning in coal dust furnace 5 burner hearths, active sodium content reduces greatly, when the follow-up heating surface due to flue gas in active sodium content few, substantially do not stain.

Claims (4)

1. a coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing, it is characterized in that: comprise coal dust furnace (5), heating riser (6), hot semicoke groove (7), pyrolysis reactor (8), separator one (11), the exhanst gas outlet of coal dust furnace (5) is connected to respectively heating riser (6) and back-end ductwork device, and the outlet of heating riser (6) is connected to hot semicoke groove (7); The high temperature semicoke outlet of hot semicoke groove (7) is connected to pyrolysis reactor (8), and the coal ash outlet of pyrolysis reactor (8) is connected to respectively feed end and the heating riser (6) of coal dust furnace (5); The exhanst gas outlet of hot semicoke groove (7) is connected to separator one (11), and the coal ash outlet of separator one (11) is connected to pyrolysis reactor (8), and the exhanst gas outlet of separator one (11) is connected to back-end ductwork device; The exhanst gas outlet of pyrolysis reactor (8) is connected to coal dust furnace (5) by separator two; Pyrolysis reactor (8) is also provided with high alkalinity coal entrance.
2. the coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the exhanst gas outlet of described separator two is connected on the pipeline of coal dust furnace (5) and is provided with purifier (13).
3. the coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the coal ash outlet of described pyrolysis reactor (8) is connected to heat exchanger (12), and the coal ash outlet of heat exchanger (12) is connected to the feed end of coal dust furnace (5); Coal dust furnace (5) feed end comprises coal bunker (1) and the dispenser (2) of carrying raw coal, also be provided with air blast (3) and burner (4), coal bunker (1) is connected to dispenser (2), and dispenser (2) is connected to burner (4), and air blast (3) is also connected to burner (4).
4. the coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described back-end ductwork device comprises back-end ductwork, deduster (14) and air-introduced machine (15), the end of back-end ductwork is installed deduster (14), the outlet flue of back-end ductwork connects air-introduced machine (15), after dedusting, by air-introduced machine (15), is discharged.
CN201420461698.2U 2014-08-15 2014-08-15 A kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing Withdrawn - After Issue CN204006068U (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104180385A (en) * 2014-08-15 2014-12-03 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Carbocoal heat carrier system and method for preventing pulverized coal furnace from contamination
CN108728145A (en) * 2018-08-03 2018-11-02 西安热工研究院有限公司 A kind of pulverized coal pyrolysis coupling direct generation of electricity system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104180385A (en) * 2014-08-15 2014-12-03 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Carbocoal heat carrier system and method for preventing pulverized coal furnace from contamination
CN108728145A (en) * 2018-08-03 2018-11-02 西安热工研究院有限公司 A kind of pulverized coal pyrolysis coupling direct generation of electricity system

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Granted publication date: 20141210

Effective date of abandoning: 20170718