CN204005966U - The double-fluidized-bed system that prevents that boiler from staiing of a kind of self-heating and external - Google Patents

The double-fluidized-bed system that prevents that boiler from staiing of a kind of self-heating and external Download PDF

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Publication number
CN204005966U
CN204005966U CN201420461735.XU CN201420461735U CN204005966U CN 204005966 U CN204005966 U CN 204005966U CN 201420461735 U CN201420461735 U CN 201420461735U CN 204005966 U CN204005966 U CN 204005966U
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bed
pyrolysis
coal
fluidized
boiler
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杜奇
曹立勇
樊伟
张鑫
张媛
张修山
黄维林
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DONGFANG ELECTRIC Co Ltd
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Dongfang Electric Corp
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of self-heating and the double-fluidized-bed system that prevents that boiler from staiing of external, comprise fluid-bed combustion furnace and fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, the coal ash of fluid-bed combustion furnace and smoke mixture outlet are connected to cyclone separator, and the coal ash outlet of cyclone separator bottom is connected to coal tar collector; The coal ash of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove and smoke mixture outlet are connected to pyrolysis separator, and the coal tar outlet of pyrolysis separator is connected to coal tar collector, and the pyrolysis coal tar outlet of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove is connected directly to coal tar collector; Coal tar collector is connected to external bed, and external bed is connected to material returning device, is connected to fluid-bed combustion furnace by material returning device; This system can solve existing station boiler convection heating surface and stain problem, ensure the abundant heat exchange of boiler heating surface, stablize boiler output, avoid the convection heating surface overheating problem causing owing to staiing, greatly reduce the generation of pipe explosion accident, realize the extensive pure burning utilization of high alkalinity coal.

Description

The double-fluidized-bed system that prevents that boiler from staiing of a kind of self-heating and external
Technical field
The utility model relates to the correlation technique that boiler heating surface stains, and is specially the double-fluidized-bed system that prevents that boiler from staiing of a kind of self-heating and external.
Background technology
China's power industry is taking thermal power generation as main, and thermoelectricity installed capacity exceedes more than 70%.Combustion technology of circulating fluidized has the advantages such as pollution-co ntrol cost is cheap, suitability of fuel is wide, load regulation range is large, in the time using high alkalinity coal, be present in the alkali compounds in coal, in combustion process, can evaporate, easily condense in the ash deposition that forms sintering or bonding on boiler heating surface, cause the burn into slag and fouling problem of boiler heating surface equipment.Slagging scorification and the meeting of contamination reduce the heat transfer efficiency of boiler, affect boiler output, and the safety in operation of equipment is reduced greatly.
For the variety of issue that prevents from bringing due to slag and fouling, Chinese scholars has been carried out a large amount of research to the mechanism of slag and fouling.Research shows that slag and fouling is complicated physical-chemical reaction process, and ash erosion is a complicated physical and chemical process, is again a dynamic process, both relevant with fuel characteristic, also relevant with structure and the service condition of boiler.Scholar has proposed multiple slagging scorification and has judged index, but these slagging scorification judge that index has significant limitation in actual application, can only can not fundamentally solve the harm problem of staiing boiler as preliminary judgement.In power plant's running, coal dust firing produces high-temperature flue gas and lime-ash, for high alkalinity coal, alkali metal wherein at high temperature, can volatilize with gaseous state, and flow to follow-up heat convection face with high-temperature flue gas, after the heat convection face lower with temperature contacts, alkali metal can be deposited on convection recuperator surface, and causes heating surface that phenomenon occurs to stain because have compared with high stickiness absorption flying dust.For high alkalinity coal, there are some researches show: due to the volatilization of alkali metal in coal, the eutectic of alkali metal salt, calcium sulfate or sodium, potassium, calcium and sulfate is the base substance that forms sticky ash deposition, mainly with NaCl or Na 2sO 4form exists.Along with the suction-operated of attachment to flying dust, can make convection heating surface occur contamination phenomenon in various degree, and pollutant cannot use soot blower to remove, thereby cause heating surface heat-transfer capability to decline, cause the problems such as exhaust gas temperature rising, finally make burner hearth exert oneself and greatly reduce and cause blowing out.
Therefore,, if can reduce the share of alkali metal compound in flue gas, can solve or alleviate from root the contamination situation of Boiler Convection Heating Surface.
At present domesticly utilize high alkalinity coal also to lack engineering operation experience for burning, only problem is stain in the burning of coal of research high alkalinity in the indivedual power plant in Xinjiang region, does not also effectively utilize way.Even if having by optimizing boiler combustion mode, control the temperature in burner hearth and burn and slow down the slagging scorification problem of boiler, convenient operation is not promoted yet in practice.The mode of mixing burning by outer coal alleviates contamination problem, after utilizing accurate eastern coal to mix with other coal, mix burning, the ratio of Boiler Mixed Burning high alkalinity coal should not exceed 30%, when mixed-fuel burning proportion increases, it is serious that the convection heating surface of boiler stains dust stratification, alkali metal is very serious to boiler body material corrosion liquid simultaneously, and the design to CFBB and operation bring very large difficulty.Because Xinjiang region high alkalinity coal utilization mode mostly is electric power stations near coal-mines, the demand of mixing external coal while burning is larger, aims at so eastern coal use amount very limited, again from other local high-quality fire coal of buying, has increased the cost of electricity-generating of electricity power enterprise simultaneously.Aim at the exploitation in eastern coalfield and the construction in power supply base has brought difficulty, be difficult to make the advantage of accurate eastern coal to be given full play to.Therefore,, when the pure burning high alkalinity of boiler coal, the contamination of convection heating surface is problem demanding prompt solution.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of self-heating and the double-fluidized-bed system that prevents that boiler from staiing of external, can solve existing station boiler convection heating surface and stain problem, ensure the abundant heat exchange of boiler heating surface, stablize boiler output, avoid the convection heating surface overheating problem causing owing to staiing, greatly reduce the generation of pipe explosion accident, realize the extensive pure burning utilization of high alkalinity coal.
The technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
The double-fluidized-bed system that prevents that boiler from staiing of a kind of self-heating and external, it is characterized in that: comprise fluid-bed combustion furnace and fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, the upper end, side of fluid-bed combustion furnace is provided with coal ash and smoke mixture outlet, the coal ash of fluid-bed combustion furnace and smoke mixture outlet are connected to cyclone separator, and the coal ash outlet of cyclone separator bottom is connected to coal tar collector;
The lower end, side of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove is provided with charging gear, the upper end, side of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove is provided with coal ash and smoke mixture outlet, the coal ash of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove and smoke mixture outlet are connected to pyrolysis separator, the coal tar outlet of pyrolysis separator is connected to coal tar collector, and the pyrolysis coal tar outlet of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove is connected directly to coal tar collector;
Coal tar collector is connected to external bed, and external bed is connected to material returning device, is connected to fluid-bed combustion furnace by material returning device, by carrying out in external bed after partial combustion and heat exchange, delivers to fluid-bed combustion furnace delivering to material returning device.
The bottom of fluid-bed combustion furnace is connected with combustion furnace air blast.
The bottom of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove is connected with pyrolysis oven air blast.
The exhanst gas outlet at cyclone separator top is connected to chimney by a road pipeline via air-introduced machine and discharges, and exhanst gas outlet is connected to fluidized bed pyrolysis stove by another road pipeline via pyrolysis oven air blast.
The exhanst gas outlet at pyrolysis separator top is connected to fluid-bed combustion furnace by purifier, and purifier is mainly used in except sodium processing.
Charging gear comprises coal bunker and dispenser, for sending into raw coal.
Operation principle of the present utility model is as follows:
Raw coal is sent into the burner hearth of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove by dispenser through coal bunker, with the air generation combustion reaction from pyrolysis oven air blast; The air capacity that pyrolysis oven air blast is sent into makes the reaction of part raw coal generation oxidizing fire only, and to provide heat to make remaining raw coal generation pyrolytic reaction, the temperature of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove maintains more than 1000 DEG C; Pyrolysis coal tar is collected by coal tar collector; Pyrolysis gas separates in pyrolysis separator with coal ash; Isolated pyrolysis gas burns except sending in fluid-bed combustion furnace after sodium through purifier; Isolated coal ash enters coal tar collector, after mixing, sends into the burner hearth of fluid-bed combustion furnace through material returning device with the coal tar of collecting, and burns from the air of combustion furnace air blast; It is emptying that flue gas after burning is delivered to chimney by air-introduced machine after cyclone separator dedusting; The isolated dust of cyclone separator returns to coal tar collector; Boiler slag removal is discharged in the bottom of fluid-bed combustion furnace.
High alkalinity coal carries out after pyrolysis in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, volatile sodium is removed in a large number, sodium content in coal tar declines, in the flue gas generating in the time of the hearth combustion of fluid-bed combustion furnace, the content of active sodium reduces greatly, when the follow-up heating surface due to flue gas in active sodium content few, substantially do not stain.
The utlity model has following beneficial effect:
(1) native system is transformed under the prerequisite that boiler citation form is constant keeping, by self-heating fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, raw coal is carried out to pyrolysis, alkali metal is at high temperature evaporate in pyrolysis gas, fluid-bed combustion furnace enters alkali metal content in stove semicoke to be reduced, alkali metal content in combustion process flue gas is little, has fundamentally solved the source that contamination problem occurs.Remove the volatile Na in coal by pyrolysis, can reduce the Na constituent content in pyrolysis coal tar, can reduce the contamination of Boiler Convection Heating Surface, can improve the heat exchange efficiency of heat-transfer surface, stablize boiler output.
(2) adopt self-heating fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, the amount of oxygen that can feed by adjustings regulates and controls pyrolysis temperature, controls coal dust alkali-metal amount of separating out when pyrolysis in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, effectively solves the contamination problem that uses the appearance of high alkalinity coal.And with utilizing cycling hot ash, raw coal is carried out compared with hot analytical system, solved pyrolysis temperature and be subject to the problem of cycling hot ash maximum temperature restriction, make system there is the higher free degree.This system fluid bed pyrolysis oven does not need external heat source can maintain 1000 DEG C of above temperature.
(3) the related pyrolysis thermal source of native system comes from the heat that the burning of raw coal partial oxidation discharges, do not need external heat source, increase hardly power plant's operating cost, just can solve or greatly alleviate convection heating surface and stain problem, increase power plant running time, improve power plant's operational efficiency, the great number Cost Problems of having avoided high alkalinity coal can only bring by mixing the utilization of burning approach at present.
(4) adopt external bed to carry out partial combustion heat exchange to pyrolysis char, contribute to extend the time of staying of Coal Char Particles, improve the total combustion efficiency of fluid bed.Simultaneously in external heat exchanger, arrange that heating surface can increase heat exchange area, alleviate boiler internal heating surface and arrange difficulty, alleviate boiler heating surface and stain, improved adaptability and the heat transfer property of the flexibility that boiler load regulates, temperature adjusting function, fuel.
(5) for the high alkalinity coal such as the eastern coal of standard burning contamination problem, solve the problem of burning the great number costs such as the coal dust cost of transportation that brings owing to mixing, can realize the pure burning utilization of high alkalinity coal.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.
Wherein, Reference numeral is: 1 coal bunker, 2 dispensers, 3 pyrolysis oven air blasts, 4 fluidized bed pyrolysis stoves, 5 pyrolysis separators, 6 purifiers, 7 coal tar collectors, 8 material returning devices, 9 combustion furnace air blasts, 10 fluid-bed combustion furnaces, 11 cyclone separators, 12 air-introduced machines, 13 external bed.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1, the double-fluidized-bed system that prevents that boiler from staiing of a kind of self-heating and external comprises fluid-bed combustion furnace 10 and fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 4.
The upper end, side of fluid-bed combustion furnace 10 is provided with coal ash and smoke mixture outlet, and the coal ash of fluid-bed combustion furnace 10 and smoke mixture outlet are connected to cyclone separator 11, and the coal ash outlet of cyclone separator 11 bottoms is connected to coal tar collector 7;
The lower end, side of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 4 is provided with charging gear, the upper end, side of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 4 is provided with coal ash and smoke mixture outlet, the coal ash of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 4 and smoke mixture outlet are connected to pyrolysis separator 5, the coal tar outlet of pyrolysis separator 5 is connected to coal tar collector 7, and the pyrolysis coal tar outlet of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 4 is connected directly to coal tar collector 7;
Coal tar collector 7 is connected to external bed 13, and external bed 13 is connected to material returning device 8, is connected to fluid-bed combustion furnace 10 by material returning device 8.
The bottom of fluid-bed combustion furnace 10 is connected with combustion furnace air blast 9.
The bottom of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 4 is connected with pyrolysis oven air blast 3.
The exhanst gas outlet at cyclone separator 11 tops is connected to chimney by a road pipeline via air-introduced machine 12 and discharges, and exhanst gas outlet is connected to fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 4 by another road pipeline via pyrolysis oven air blast 3.
The exhanst gas outlet at pyrolysis separator 5 tops is connected to fluid-bed combustion furnace 10 by purifier 6, and purifier 6 is mainly used in except sodium processing.
Charging gear comprises coal bunker 1 and dispenser 2, for sending into raw coal.
The course of work of the present utility model is as follows:
Raw coal is sent into the burner hearth of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 4 by dispenser 2 through coal bunker 1, with the air generation combustion reaction from pyrolysis oven air blast 3.The air capacity that pyrolysis oven air blast 3 is sent into makes the reaction of part raw coal generation oxidizing fire only, and to provide heat to make remaining raw coal generation pyrolytic reaction, the temperature of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 4 maintains more than 1000 DEG C.Pyrolysis coal tar is collected by coal tar collector 7.Pyrolysis gas separates in pyrolysis separator 5 with coal ash.Isolated pyrolysis gas burns except sending into after sodium in fluid-bed combustion furnace 10 through purifier 6.Isolated coal ash enters coal tar collector 7, after mixing, sends into the burner hearth of fluid-bed combustion furnace 10 through material returning device 8 with the coal tar of collecting, and burns from the air of combustion furnace air blast 9.It is emptying that flue gas after burning is delivered to chimney by air-introduced machine 12 after cyclone separator 11 dedustings.The isolated dust of cyclone separator 11 returns to coal tar collector 7; Boiler slag removal is discharged in the bottom of fluid-bed combustion furnace 10.

Claims (6)

1. the double-fluidized-bed system that prevents that boiler from staiing of a self-heating and external, it is characterized in that: comprise fluid-bed combustion furnace (10) and fluidized bed pyrolysis stove (4), the upper end, side of fluid-bed combustion furnace (10) is provided with coal ash and smoke mixture outlet, the coal ash of fluid-bed combustion furnace (10) and smoke mixture outlet are connected to cyclone separator (11), and the coal ash outlet of cyclone separator (11) bottom is connected to coal tar collector (7); The lower end, side of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove (4) is provided with charging gear, the upper end, side of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove (4) is provided with coal ash and smoke mixture outlet, the coal ash of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove (4) and smoke mixture outlet are connected to pyrolysis separator (5), the coal tar outlet of pyrolysis separator (5) is connected to coal tar collector (7), and the pyrolysis coal tar outlet of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove (4) is connected directly to coal tar collector (7); Coal tar collector (7) is connected to external bed (13), and external bed (13) is connected to material returning device (8), is connected to fluid-bed combustion furnace (10) by material returning device (8).
2. the double-fluidized-bed system that prevents that boiler from staiing of self-heating according to claim 1 and external, is characterized in that: the bottom of fluid-bed combustion furnace (10) is connected with combustion furnace air blast (9).
3. the double-fluidized-bed system that prevents that boiler from staiing of self-heating according to claim 2 and external, is characterized in that: the bottom of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove (4) is connected with pyrolysis oven air blast (3).
4. the double-fluidized-bed system that prevents that boiler from staiing of self-heating according to claim 3 and external, it is characterized in that: the exhanst gas outlet at described cyclone separator (11) top is connected to chimney by a road pipeline via air-introduced machine (12) and discharges, and exhanst gas outlet is connected to fluidized bed pyrolysis stove (4) by another road pipeline via pyrolysis oven air blast (3).
5. the double-fluidized-bed system that prevents that boiler from staiing of self-heating according to claim 1 and external, is characterized in that: the exhanst gas outlet at described pyrolysis separator (5) top is connected to fluid-bed combustion furnace (10) by purifier (6).
6. the double-fluidized-bed system that prevents that boiler from staiing of self-heating according to claim 1 and external, is characterized in that: charging gear comprises coal bunker (1) and dispenser (2).
CN201420461735.XU 2014-08-15 2014-08-15 The double-fluidized-bed system that prevents that boiler from staiing of a kind of self-heating and external Active CN204005966U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115479270A (en) * 2022-09-20 2022-12-16 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Rapid load-variable circulating fluidized bed boiler and load adjusting method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115479270A (en) * 2022-09-20 2022-12-16 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Rapid load-variable circulating fluidized bed boiler and load adjusting method thereof

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Effective date of registration: 20180502

Address after: 610000 18 West core road, hi-tech West District, Chengdu, Sichuan

Patentee after: Dongfang Electric Co., Ltd.

Address before: 610036 Shu Han Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, No. 333

Patentee before: Dongfang Electric Corporation

TR01 Transfer of patent right