CN104180385B - A kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system for preventing boiler from staiing and method - Google Patents

A kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system for preventing boiler from staiing and method Download PDF

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CN104180385B
CN104180385B CN201410402225.XA CN201410402225A CN104180385B CN 104180385 B CN104180385 B CN 104180385B CN 201410402225 A CN201410402225 A CN 201410402225A CN 104180385 B CN104180385 B CN 104180385B
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coal
boiler
semicoke
pyrolysis
pyrolysis reactor
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CN104180385A (en
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杜奇
曹立勇
樊伟
张鑫
李阳
雷宇
银燕
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Dongfang Electric Corp
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Dongfang Electric Corp
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system for preventing boiler from staiing and method, pass through heater riser tube, hot semicoke groove, pyrolysis reactor formation semicoke heat carrier raw coal pyrolysis, the system being combined with coal-powder boiler, raw coal is first mixed into progress high temperature pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor with high-temperature semi-coke, volatilizable alkali metal chloride is set to evaporate into pyrolysis gas, so as to reduce alkali metal content in coal-powder boiler as-fired coal, and then reduce the alkali metal in combustion product gases, it then can fundamentally solve or mitigate convection heating surface contamination situation significantly, pyrolysis gas is collected by purifier to sodium resource simultaneously, burnt after purification in pyrolysis gas and tar feeding coal-powder boiler, effectively utilize combustible component in coal, ensure boiler combustion efficiency.

Description

A kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system for preventing boiler from staiing and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal-powder boiler technical field, specially a kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system for preventing boiler from staiing And method.
Background technology
China's power industry is based on thermal power generation, and thermoelectricity installed capacity is more than more than 70%.Coal-powder boiler has burning fast Speed, completely, capacity big, efficiency high, adapt to that coal is wide, the advantages of being easy to control to adjust, when using high alkalinity coal, is present in Alkali compounds in coal, can be evaporated in combustion, easily condense on boiler heating surface what is formed sintering or bond Ash deposition, causes burn into slagging scorification and the contamination problems of the equipment of boiler heating surface.Slagging scorification and contamination can reduce the heat transfer effect of boiler Rate, influences boiler output so that the safety in operation of equipment is seriously reduced, may cause when slagging scorification is serious burner hearth flame-out, booster, The major accidents such as unplanned blowing out, are one of major issues that long-term influence station boiler is normally run.
In order to prevent by slagging scorification is entered with staiing the various problems brought, domestic and foreign scholars to the mechanism of slagging scorification and contamination Substantial amounts of research is gone, research shows that slagging scorification is complicated physical-chemical reaction process with staiing, and ash erosion is both one multiple Miscellaneous physical and chemical process, is a dynamic process again, both relevant with fuel characteristic, also with the structure and service condition of boiler It is relevant.Scholar proposes multiple slagging scorification and judges index, but these slagging scorification judge that index has very big in actual application Limitation, can only can not fundamentally solve the problems, such as to stain the harm to boiler as preliminary judgement.For high alkalinity coal, by The volatilization of alkali metal in coal, easily condenses to form one layer of bottoming attachment in boiler heating surface, and bottoming thing is main with chlorine Change sodium or sulfuric acid na form is present.After mentioned component volatilizees in high temperature environments, easily condense in and sintering is formed on convection heating surface Or the ash deposition bonded, the suction-operated with attachment to flying dust, it can make it that different degrees of contamination occurs in convection heating surface Phenomenon, and pollutant can not use soot blower to remove, so as to cause heating surface heat-transfer capability to decline, cause exhaust gas temperature liter High the problems such as, burner hearth is finally set to exert oneself to substantially reduce and cause blowing out.
Domestic also lack engineering operation experience using high alkalinity coal for burn, only Xinjiang region individual power plants are high in research Alkaline burning of coal contamination problems, currently without effectively utilizing method.By optimizing in boiler combustion mode, control burner hearth Temperature and burning slow down the clogging problems of boiler, in practice and are not easy to operation and are not also promoted.Only pass through outer coal Mix the mode of burning to mitigate contamination problems, carry out mixing burning, Boiler Mixed Burning high alkalinity coal after mixing with other coals using accurate eastern coal Ratio be not to be exceeded 30%, when mixed-fuel burning proportion increases, it is serious that the convection heating surface of boiler stains dust stratification, while alkali metal is to pot The bulk material corrosion of stove is also very serious.Because Xinjiang region high alkalinity coal utilization mode is generally electric power stations near coal-mines, when mixing burning pair The demand of outer coal is larger, and so eastern coal usage amount of alignment is very limited, while coal-fired from other place purchase high-quality again, increasing The cost of electricity-generating of electricity power enterprise is added.The eastern exploitation in coalfield of alignment and the construction in power supply base bring difficulty, it is difficult to by quasi- east The advantage of coal is given full play to, while the design and operation to pulverized-coal fired boiler bring very big difficulty.Therefore, boiler is pure burns high-alkali During property coal, the contamination of convection heating surface is urgent problem to be solved.
The content of the invention
, can be effective it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system for preventing boiler from staiing and method Solve existing station boiler convection heating surface contamination problems, reduction boiler heating surface arrangement difficulty, it is ensured that boiler heating surface is abundant Heat exchange, stable boiler output;The convection heating surface overheating problem caused by contamination is avoided, the hair of pipe explosion accident is substantially reduced It is raw;Realize that extensive pure burn of high alkalinity coal utilizes, while not influenceing boiler combustion efficiency.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system for preventing boiler from staiing, it is characterised in that:Including coal dust furnace, heating Riser, hot semicoke groove, pyrolysis reactor, separator one, the exhanst gas outlet of coal dust furnace are respectively connecting to heater riser tube With back-end ductwork device, the outlet of heater riser tube is connected to hot semicoke groove;The high-temperature semi-coke outlet of hot semicoke groove is connected to heat Reactor is solved, the coal ash outlet of pyrolysis reactor is respectively connecting to the feed end and heater riser tube of coal dust furnace;
The exhanst gas outlet of hot semicoke groove is connected to separator one, and the coal ash outlet of separator one is connected to pyrolysis reactor, The exhanst gas outlet of separator one is connected to back-end ductwork device;
The exhanst gas outlet of pyrolysis reactor is connected to coal dust furnace by separator two;
Pyrolysis reactor is additionally provided with high alkalinity coal entrance.
The exhanst gas outlet of the separator two, which is connected on the pipeline of coal dust furnace, is provided with purifier.
The coal ash outlet of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to heat exchanger, and the coal ash outlet of heat exchanger is connected to coal dust furnace Feed end;Coal dust furnace feed end includes the coal bunker one and dispenser one of conveying raw coal, is additionally provided with air blower and burner, Coal bunker one is connected to dispenser one, and dispenser one is connected to burner, and air blower is also connected to burner, air blower conveying burning Required air.
The back-end ductwork device includes back-end ductwork, deduster and air-introduced machine, and deduster is installed in the end of back-end ductwork, The outlet flue connection air-introduced machine of back-end ductwork, is discharged after dedusting by air-introduced machine.
The invention is higher using the flue-gas temperature after burning, enters heater riser tube, heater riser through horizontal flue part Semicoke is exchanged heat and lifted with high-temperature flue gas in pipe, is used after semicoke is heated into hot semicoke groove as heat carrier, discharge Heat smoke sends into back-end ductwork after separator.Raw coal enters pyrolysis reactor through dispenser two, carrys out the high temperature of self-heating semicoke groove Hot semicoke is mixed with raw coal, is completed alkali metal in the pyrolytic reaction of coal, coal dust and is volatized at high temperature in pyrolysis gas, purified Hearth combustion is sent into after removing alkali metal.The part semicoke of pyrolysis reactor outlet is sent after delivering into heat exchanger, heat exchange Enter and stored in coal bunker one, the coal in coal bunker one is burnt from the feeding burner of dispenser one in burner hearth.Due to coal tar Middle alkali metal is greatly decreased, it is to avoid combustion product gases alkali metal compound sticks to shape on convection heating surface tube wall to the cold in burner hearth Into the initiation layer of contamination, the primary condition stain and formed is destroyed.
The implementation method of whole system is as follows:
In start-up, coal beyond coal dust furnace feed end can be first passed through and mix burning mode and send into burner and burnt, Until coal dust furnace starts normal operation, furnace temperature is reached after uniform temperature, recycles the flue gas of boiler itself to standby semicoke Heated, after heater riser tube normal operation, the addition of outer coal can be stopped;Boiler normal operating phase, by the half of pyrolysis Jiao is burnt with external air in the burner hearth of coal dust furnace, and combustion product gases are a part of to send into heater riser tube, and in addition one Part is discharged into through back-end ductwork device, and the flue gas in heater riser tube enters hot semicoke groove;Pyrolysis reactor one end is passed through high-alkali Property coal, the other end is passed through the high-temperature semi-coke for carrying out self-heating semicoke groove, by being pyrolyzed in pyrolysis reactor, one after pyrolysis Semicoke is divided to deliver into the feed end storage of coal dust furnace after heat exchanger enters trip temperature adjustment, another part semicoke enters Heater riser tube, is exchanged heat with the high-temperature flue gas from burner hearth;It is pyrolyzed the purified device of obtained gas and removes feeding after sodium Coal dust furnace is burnt.Boiler slag removal is carried out in coal dust firing furnace bottom.
After high alkalinity coal is pyrolyzed in pyrolysis reactor, volatile sodium is largely removed, under the sodium content in coal Active sodium content has been substantially reduced in drop, the flue gas generated when being burnt in coal dust furnace burner hearth, by follow-up During heating surface due in flue gas active sodium content it is few, do not stain substantially.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1)Using one kind in pyrolysis reactor high temperature semicoke and high alkalinity coal mixed pyrolysis, removed by being pyrolyzed in coal Volatile sodium, reduce the sodium element content in coal-powder boiler as-fired coal, reduce the contamination of Boiler Convection Heating Surface, improve The heat exchange efficiency of heat-transfer surface, stable boiler output;
(2)By using high-temperature semi-coke and high alkalinity coal mixed pyrolysis, hearth combustion, energy profit are sent into after pyrolysis gas purification Improved with efficiency, the problem of reducing gas solid separation dedusting, at present can only be by mixing burning approach profit while avoiding high alkalinity coal With the great number cost brought;
(3)In the case where being changed less to former boiler design, realize that extensive pure burn of high alkalinity coal utilizes, improve electricity The benefit of factory.
The system that the present invention is combined using the pyrolysis of semicoke heat carrier raw coal and coal-powder boiler, by coal-fired first in pyrolysis reactor In mixed with high-temperature semi-coke progress high temperature pyrolysis, volatilizable alkali metal chloride is evaporate into pyrolysis gas, so as to reduce coal Alkali metal content in powder stove as-fired coal, and then reduce the alkali metal in combustion product gases, then it can fundamentally solve or subtract significantly Light convection heating surface stains situation, while pyrolysis gas is collected by purifier to sodium resource, pyrolysis gas and Jiao after purification Burnt in oil feeding coal-powder boiler, effectively utilize combustible component in coal, it is ensured that boiler combustion efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the invention.
Wherein, reference is:1 coal bunker one, 2 dispensers one, 3 air blowers, 4 burners, 5 coal dust furnaces, 6 heating are carried Riser, 7 hot semicoke grooves, 8 pyrolysis reactors, 9 coal bunkers two, 10 dispensers two, 11 separators one, 12 heat exchangers, 13 purifiers, 14 dedusters, 15 air-introduced machines.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 1, the semicoke heat carrier coal dust furnace system of the present invention for preventing boiler heating surface from staiing, including coal Powder combustion furnace 5, heater riser tube 6, hot semicoke groove 7, pyrolysis reactor 8, separator 1, the exhanst gas outlet of coal dust furnace 5 Heater riser tube 6 and back-end ductwork device are respectively connecting to, the outlet of heater riser tube 6 is connected to hot semicoke groove 7;Hot semicoke groove 7 high-temperature semi-coke outlet is connected to pyrolysis reactor 8, and the coal ash outlet of pyrolysis reactor 8 is respectively connecting to coal dust furnace 5 Feed end and heater riser tube 6;
The exhanst gas outlet of hot semicoke groove 7 is connected to separator 1, and the coal ash outlet of separator 1 is connected to pyrolysis instead Device 8 is answered, the exhanst gas outlet of separator 1 is connected to back-end ductwork device;
The exhanst gas outlet of pyrolysis reactor 8 is connected to coal dust furnace 5 by separator two;
Pyrolysis reactor 8 is additionally provided with high alkalinity coal entrance.
The exhanst gas outlet of the separator two, which is connected on the pipeline of coal dust furnace 5, is provided with purifier 13.
The coal ash outlet of the pyrolysis reactor 8 is connected to heat exchanger 12, and the coal ash outlet of heat exchanger 12 is connected to coal dust The feed end of combustion furnace 5, the feed end of coal dust furnace 5 includes coal bunker 1, dispenser 1 and burner 4, and burner 4 is also connected with There is the air blower 3 for being passed through air.
The back-end ductwork device includes back-end ductwork, deduster 14 and air-introduced machine 15, and the end of back-end ductwork, which is installed, removes Dirt device 14, the outlet flue connection air-introduced machine 15 of back-end ductwork, is discharged after dedusting by air-introduced machine 15.
The implementation method of whole system is as follows:
In boiler start-up, coal beyond coal bunker 1, dispenser 1 can be first passed through mix burning mode and send into burner 4 and carry out Burning, reaches after uniform temperature, the flue gas of recycling boiler itself is to standby until coal dust furnace 5 starts normally to run furnace temperature Semicoke is heated, after the normal operation of riser 6, can stop the addition by coal bunker 1, the outer coal of dispenser 1.Boiler is normal Operation phase, the semicoke by pyrolysis is burnt with the air from air blower 3 in the burner hearth of coal dust furnace 5, burning Flue gas part feeding heater riser tube 6, another part is discharged into chimney after cooling through back-end ductwork.From coal bunker 29, feed The high alkalinity coal of device 2 10 enters from the one end of pyrolysis reactor 8, and the high-temperature semi-coke for carrying out self-heating semicoke groove 7 is another by pyrolysis reactor 8 One end enters, and raw coal is pyrolyzed in pyrolysis reactor 8, and the semicoke after pyrolysis is partly into heat exchanger 12, and temperature is carried out The storage of coal bunker 1 is delivered into after adjustment, another part enters heater riser tube 6, changed with the high-temperature flue gas from burner hearth Heat.Feeding coal dust furnace 5 after the purified removing of device 13 sodium of obtained gas is pyrolyzed to be burnt.Boiler slag removal fires in coal dust The bottom of stove 5 is burnt to carry out.
After high alkalinity coal is pyrolyzed in pyrolysis reactor 8, volatile sodium is largely removed, under the sodium content in coal Active sodium content has been substantially reduced in drop, the flue gas generated when being burnt in the burner hearth of coal dust furnace 5, by follow-up During heating surface due in flue gas active sodium content it is few, do not stain substantially.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system for preventing boiler from staiing, it is characterised in that:Including coal dust furnace(5)Plus Hot riser(6), hot semicoke groove(7), pyrolysis reactor(8), separator one(11), coal dust furnace(5)Exhanst gas outlet point Heater riser tube is not connected to it(6)With back-end ductwork device, heater riser tube(6)Outlet be connected to hot semicoke groove(7);Heat half Burnt groove(7)High-temperature semi-coke outlet be connected to pyrolysis reactor(8), pyrolysis reactor(8)Coal ash outlet be respectively connecting to coal Powder combustion furnace(5)Feed end and heater riser tube(6);Hot semicoke groove(7)Exhanst gas outlet be connected to separator one(11), point From device one(11)Coal ash outlet be connected to pyrolysis reactor(8), separator one(11)Exhanst gas outlet be connected to back-end ductwork Device;Pyrolysis reactor(8)Exhanst gas outlet coal dust furnace is connected to by separator two(5);Pyrolysis reactor(8)Also set It is equipped with high alkalinity coal entrance.
2. the coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system according to claim 1 for preventing boiler from staiing, it is characterised in that:Described point Exhanst gas outlet from device two is connected to coal dust furnace(5)Pipeline on be provided with purifier(13).
3. the coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system according to claim 1 for preventing boiler from staiing, it is characterised in that:The heat Solve reactor(8)Coal ash outlet be connected to heat exchanger(12), heat exchanger(12)Coal ash outlet be connected to coal dust furnace(5) Feed end;Coal dust furnace(5)Feed end includes the coal bunker one of conveying raw coal(1)With dispenser one(2), it is additionally provided with air blower (3)And burner(4), coal bunker one(1)It is connected to dispenser one(2), dispenser one(2)It is connected to burner(4), air blower (3)It is also connected to burner(4), air blower(3)Convey the air needed for burning.
4. the coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system according to claim 1 for preventing boiler from staiing, it is characterised in that:The tail Portion's flue device includes back-end ductwork, deduster(14)And air-introduced machine(15), deduster is installed in the end of back-end ductwork(14), tail The outlet flue connection air-introduced machine of portion's flue(15).
5. according to claim 3 system prevent boiler stain method, it is characterised in that:
In start-up, coal bunker one is first passed through(1), dispenser one(2)Coal mixes burning mode and sends into burner in addition(4)Fired Burn, until coal dust furnace(5)Start normal operation, furnace temperature is reached after uniform temperature, recycles coal dust furnace(5)It is interior itself Flue gas heated, heater riser tube(6)After normal operation, stop the addition of outer coal;
Boiler normal operating phase, the semicoke by pyrolysis is with coming from air blower(3)Air through burner(4)In coal dust firing Stove(5)Burner hearth in burnt, combustion product gases a part sends into heater riser tube(6), another part fills through back-end ductwork Put discharge;Heater riser tube(6)Interior flue gas enters hot semicoke groove(7);Pyrolysis reactor(8)One end is through coal bunker two(9), feed Device two(10)High alkalinity coal is sent into, the other end, which is passed through, carrys out self-heating semicoke groove(7)High-temperature semi-coke, by pyrolysis reactor(8) Middle to be pyrolyzed, a part of semicoke after pyrolysis passes through heat exchanger(12)Coal bunker one is delivered into after entering trip temperature adjustment(1)Storage Deposit, another part semicoke enters heater riser tube(6), heat exchange pyrolysis is carried out with the high-temperature flue gas from burner hearth;What pyrolysis was obtained The purified device of gas(13)Coal dust furnace is sent into after removing sodium(5)Burnt;Boiler slag removal is from coal dust furnace(5)'s Discharge bottom.
CN201410402225.XA 2014-08-15 2014-08-15 A kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system for preventing boiler from staiing and method Active CN104180385B (en)

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CN107854966A (en) * 2017-11-20 2018-03-30 深圳东方锅炉控制有限公司 A kind of method and system for improving high basic metal coal and staiing coking
CN112393227A (en) * 2020-11-24 2021-02-23 广州中电荔新热电有限公司 Solid waste treatment device and treatment method
CN114262618B (en) * 2021-12-24 2022-08-26 西安交通大学 Pyrogenic upgrading device and method for high-chlorine coal
CN114854437B (en) * 2022-05-30 2023-07-25 浙江大学 Method and system for reducing slag formation characteristics of high-sodium coal

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JPS55155728A (en) * 1979-05-23 1980-12-04 Hitachi Ltd Dry type exhaust gas desulfurizing method
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RU2239620C2 (en) * 2002-07-29 2004-11-10 Завьялов Борис Борисович Method of processing organics-containing sludgy waste water sediment
CN102604657A (en) * 2012-01-18 2012-07-25 大连理工大学 Method for comprehensively using high-temperature smoke containing semi-coke powder
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CN204006068U (en) * 2014-08-15 2014-12-10 中国东方电气集团有限公司 A kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing

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