CN104180385A - Carbocoal heat carrier system and method for preventing pulverized coal furnace from contamination - Google Patents
Carbocoal heat carrier system and method for preventing pulverized coal furnace from contamination Download PDFInfo
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- CN104180385A CN104180385A CN201410402225.XA CN201410402225A CN104180385A CN 104180385 A CN104180385 A CN 104180385A CN 201410402225 A CN201410402225 A CN 201410402225A CN 104180385 A CN104180385 A CN 104180385A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a carbocoal heat carrier system and method for preventing a pulverized coal furnace from contamination. The carbocoal heat carrier method for preventing the pulverized coal furnace from contamination comprises the following steps: through a heating lift pipe, a hot carbocoal groove and a pyrolysis reactor, a system for combing carbocoal heat carrier raw coal pyrolysis and a pulverized coal furnace is formed; the raw coal is firstly blended with high-temperature carbocoal in the pyrolysis reactior, so as to enable the volatilizable alkali chloride to be volatilized in the pyrolysis gas; therefore, the content of alkali metal entering the pulverized coal furnace is reduced and the combustion of the alkali metal in flue gas is reduced; the contamination condition of the convection heating surface is fundamentally solved or greatly alleviated; meanwhile, the pyrolysis gas collects sodium resources via a purification device; purified pyrolysis gas and purified tar oil are blown to the pulverized coal furnace for combustion; the combustible components in the coal are effectively utilized; the combustion efficiency of the pulverized coal furnace is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal-powder boiler technical field, be specially a kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system and method that prevents that boiler from staiing.
Background technology
China's power industry be take thermal power generation as main, and thermoelectricity installed capacity surpasses more than 70%.Coal-powder boiler have burning rapidly, completely, capacity is large, efficiency is high, it is wide to adapt to coal, be convenient to the advantages such as control and regulation, when using high alkalinity coal, be present in the alkali compounds in coal, in combustion process, can evaporate, easily condense in the ash deposition that forms sintering or bonding on boiler heating surface, cause the burn into slag and fouling problem of the equipment of boiler heating surface.Slagging scorification and the meeting of contamination reduce the heat transfer efficiency of boiler, affect boiler output, the safety in operation of equipment seriously being reduced, may cause the major accidents such as burner hearth is flame-out, booster, unplanned blowing out when slagging scorification is serious, is one of major issue of the normal operation of the Long-term Effect station boiler.
For the variety of issue that prevents from bringing due to slag and fouling, Chinese scholars has been carried out a large amount of research to the mechanism of slag and fouling, research shows that slag and fouling is complicated physical-chemical reaction process, ash erosion is a complicated physical and chemical process, it is again a dynamic process, both relevant with fuel characteristic, also relevant with structure and the service condition of boiler.Scholar has proposed a plurality of slagging scorification and has judged index, but these slagging scorification judge that index has significant limitation in actual application, can only can not fundamentally solve the harm problem of staiing boiler as preliminary judgement.For high alkalinity coal, due to the volatilization of alkali metal in coal, easily in boiler heating surface condensation, form one deck bottoming attachment, bottoming owner will exist with sodium chloride or sodium sulphate form.After mentioned component volatilizees under hot environment, easily condense in the ash deposition that forms sintering or bonding on convection heating surface, along with the suction-operated of attachment to flying dust, can make convection heating surface occur contamination phenomenon in various degree, and pollutant cannot be used soot blower to remove, thereby cause heating surface heat-transfer capability to decline, cause the problems such as exhaust gas temperature rising, finally make burner hearth exert oneself and greatly reduce and cause blowing out.
Domesticly for burning, utilize high alkalinity coal also to lack engineering operation experience, only problem is stain in the burning of coal of research high alkalinity in the indivedual power plant in Xinjiang region, does not effectively utilize at present way.By optimizing boiler combustion mode, control the temperature in burner hearth and burn and slow down the slagging scorification problem of boiler, convenient operation is not promoted yet in practice.Only have the mode of mixing burning by outer coal to alleviate contamination problem, after utilizing accurate eastern coal to mix with other coal, mix burning, the ratio of Boiler Mixed Burning high alkalinity coal should not surpass 30%, when mixed-fuel burning proportion increases, it is serious that the convection heating surface of boiler stains dust stratification, and alkali metal is also very serious to the bulk material corrosion of boiler simultaneously.Because Xinjiang region high alkalinity coal utilization mode mostly is electric power stations near coal-mines, mix while burning the demand of external coal larger, aim at so eastern coal use amount very limited, from other, local to buy high-quality coal-fired again simultaneously, increased the cost of electricity-generating of electricity power enterprise.Aim at the exploitation in eastern coalfield and the construction in power supply base has brought difficulty, be difficult to the advantage of the eastern coal of standard to be given full play to, the design of pulverized-coal fired boiler and operation are brought to very large difficulty simultaneously.Therefore,, during the pure burning high alkalinity of boiler coal, the contamination of convection heating surface is problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system and method that prevents that boiler from staiing, can effectively solve existing station boiler convection heating surface and stain problem, reduce boiler heating surface and arrange difficulty, guarantee the abundant heat exchange of boiler heating surface, stablize boiler output; Avoid the convection heating surface overheating problem causing owing to staiing, greatly reduce the generation of pipe explosion accident; Realize the extensive pure burning utilization of high alkalinity coal, do not affect boiler combustion efficiency simultaneously.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing, it is characterized in that: comprise coal dust furnace, heating riser, hot semicoke groove, pyrolysis reactor, separator one, the exhanst gas outlet of coal dust furnace is connected to respectively heating riser and back-end ductwork device, and the outlet of heating riser is connected to hot semicoke groove; The high temperature semicoke outlet of hot semicoke groove is connected to pyrolysis reactor, and the coal ash outlet of pyrolysis reactor is connected to respectively feed end and the heating riser of coal dust furnace;
The exhanst gas outlet of hot semicoke groove is connected to separator one, and the coal ash outlet of separator one is connected to pyrolysis reactor, and the exhanst gas outlet of separator one is connected to back-end ductwork device;
The exhanst gas outlet of pyrolysis reactor is connected to coal dust furnace by separator two;
Pyrolysis reactor is also provided with high alkalinity coal entrance.
The exhanst gas outlet of described separator two is connected on the pipeline of coal dust furnace and is provided with purifier.
The coal ash outlet of described pyrolysis reactor is connected to heat exchanger, and the coal ash outlet of heat exchanger is connected to the feed end of coal dust furnace; Coal dust furnace feed end comprises coal bunker and the dispenser of carrying raw coal, is also provided with air blast and burner, and coal bunker is connected to dispenser, and dispenser is connected to burner, and air blast is also connected to burner, and air blast is carried the required air of burning.
Described back-end ductwork device comprises back-end ductwork, deduster and air-introduced machine, and the end of back-end ductwork is installed deduster, and the outlet flue of back-end ductwork connects air-introduced machine, after dedusting, by air-introduced machine, is discharged.
This invention utilizes the flue-gas temperature after burning higher, through horizontal flue, partly enter heating riser, in heating riser, semicoke and high-temperature flue gas carry out heat exchange and lifting, and semicoke enters hot semicoke groove as heat carrier use after heating, and the hot flue gas of discharge is sent into back-end ductwork after separator.Raw coal enters pyrolysis reactor through dispenser, comes the warm semicoke of height of self-heating semicoke groove to mix with raw coal, completes the pyrolytic reaction of coal, and in coal dust, alkali metal at high temperature volatilizees and enters in pyrolysis gas, after alkali metal is removed in purification, sends into hearth combustion.The part semicoke of pyrolysis reactor outlet delivers into heat exchanger, after exchange heat, sends in coal bunker and stores, and the coal in coal bunker is sent into burner from dispenser and burnt burner hearth.Because alkali metal in coal tar significantly reduces, avoided combustion product gases alkali metal compound in burner hearth to meet the initiation layer that cold bonding is attached to formation contamination on convection heating surface tube wall, destroyed and stain the primary condition forming.
The implementation method of whole system is as follows:
In start-up, can be first by coal beyond coal dust furnace feed end, mixing burning mode sends into burner and burns, until coal dust furnace starts normal operation, furnace temperature reaches after uniform temperature, the flue gas of recycling boiler self heats standby semicoke, after heating riser normal operation, can stop adding of outer coal; Boiler normal operating phase, semicoke and external air through pyrolysis burn in the burner hearth of coal dust furnace, a combustion product gases part is sent into heating riser, and a part enters through back-end ductwork device in addition, and the flue gas in heating riser enters hot semicoke groove; Pyrolysis reactor one end passes into high alkalinity coal, the other end passes into the high temperature semicoke of self-heating semicoke groove, through carry out pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor, the feed end that a part of semicoke after pyrolysis delivers into coal dust furnace after heat exchanger carries out temperature adjustment stores, another part semicoke enters heating riser, carries out heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas from burner hearth; The gas that pyrolysis obtains is sent into coal dust furnace and is burnt after purifier is removed sodium.Boiler slag removal carries out at coal dust firing furnace bottom.
High alkalinity coal carries out after pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor, volatile sodium is removed in a large number, sodium content in coal declines, in the flue gas generating while burning in coal dust furnace burner hearth, active sodium content reduces greatly, when the follow-up heating surface due to flue gas in active sodium content few, substantially do not stain.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) adopt a kind of in pyrolysis reactor high temperature semicoke and high alkalinity coal mixed pyrolysis, by pyrolysis, remove the volatile sodium in coal, reduce coal-powder boiler and entered the sodium element content in stove coal, reduced the contamination of Boiler Convection Heating Surface, improve the heat exchange efficiency of heat-transfer surface, stablized boiler output;
(2) by utilizing high temperature semicoke and high alkalinity coal mixed pyrolysis, pyrolysis gas is sent into hearth combustion after purifying, energy utilization efficiency improves, and has reduced the problem of gas solid separation dedusting, the great number cost of simultaneously having avoided high alkalinity coal can only bring by mixing the utilization of burning approach at present;
(3) former boiler design being changed little in the situation that, realize the extensive pure burning utilization of high alkalinity coal, improved the benefit of power plant.
The system that the present invention adopts the former pyrolysis of coal of semicoke heat carrier and coal-powder boiler to combine, fire coal is first mixed and carries out high temperature pyrolysis with high temperature semicoke in pyrolysis reactor, volatilizable alkali metal chloride is evaporate in pyrolysis gas, thereby reduce coal-powder boiler and enter alkali metal content in stove coal, and then the alkali metal in minimizing combustion product gases, can fundamentally solve or greatly alleviate convection heating surface and stain situation, pyrolysis gas is collected sodium resource through purifier simultaneously, after purifying, pyrolysis gas and tar are sent in coal-powder boiler and are burnt, effectively utilize combustible component in coal, guarantee boiler combustion efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Wherein, Reference numeral is: 1 coal bunker, 2 dispensers, 3 air blasts, 4 burners, 5 coal dust furnaces, 6 heating risers, 7 hot semicoke grooves, 8 pyrolysis reactors, 9 coal bunkers, 10 dispensers, 11 separators one, 12 heat exchangers, 13 purifiers, 14 dedusters, 15 air-introduced machines.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the semicoke heat carrier coal-powder boiler system that prevents that boiler heating surface from staiing of the present invention, comprise coal dust furnace 5, heating riser 6, hot semicoke groove 7, pyrolysis reactor 8, separator 1, the exhanst gas outlet of coal dust furnace 5 is connected to respectively heating riser 6 and back-end ductwork device, and the outlet of heating riser 6 is connected to hot semicoke groove 7; The high temperature semicoke outlet of hot semicoke groove 7 is connected to pyrolysis reactor 8, and the coal ash outlet of pyrolysis reactor 8 is connected to respectively feed end and the heating riser 6 of coal dust furnace 5;
The exhanst gas outlet of hot semicoke groove 7 is connected to separator 1, and the coal ash outlet of separator 1 is connected to pyrolysis reactor 8, and the exhanst gas outlet of separator 1 is connected to back-end ductwork device;
The exhanst gas outlet of pyrolysis reactor 8 is connected to coal dust furnace 5 by separator two;
Pyrolysis reactor 8 is also provided with high alkalinity coal entrance.
The exhanst gas outlet of described separator two is connected on the pipeline of coal dust furnace 5 and is provided with purifier 13.
The coal ash outlet of described pyrolysis reactor 8 is connected to heat exchanger 12, the coal ash outlet of heat exchanger 12 is connected to the feed end of coal dust furnace 5, coal dust furnace 5 feed ends comprise coal bunker 1, dispenser 2 and burner 4, and burner 4 is also connected with for passing into the air blast 3 of air.
Described back-end ductwork device comprises back-end ductwork, deduster 14 and air-introduced machine 15, and the end of back-end ductwork is installed deduster 14, and the outlet flue of back-end ductwork connects air-introduced machine 15, after dedusting, by air-introduced machine 15, is discharged.
The implementation method of whole system is as follows:
In boiler start-up, can be first by coal beyond coal bunker 1, dispenser 2, mixing burning mode sends into burner 4 and burns, until starting normal operation furnace temperature, coal dust furnace 5 reaches after uniform temperature, the flue gas of recycling boiler self heats standby semicoke, after riser 6 normal operations, can stop adding by coal bunker 1, dispenser 2 outer coals.Boiler normal operating phase, the semicoke of process pyrolysis burns in the burner hearth of coal dust furnace 5 with the air from air blast 3, and a combustion product gases part is sent into heating riser 6, and a part enters chimney after back-end ductwork cooling in addition.High alkalinity coal from coal bunker 9, dispenser 10 enters from pyrolysis reactor 8 one end, come the high temperature semicoke of self-heating semicoke groove 7 to be entered by pyrolysis reactor 8 other ends, raw coal carries out pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor 8, a semicoke part after pyrolysis enters heat exchanger 12, temperature delivers into coal bunker 1 and stores after adjusting, another part enters heating riser 6, carries out heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas from burner hearth.The gas that pyrolysis obtains is sent into coal dust furnace 5 and is burnt after purifier 13 is removed sodium.Boiler slag removal carries out in coal dust furnace 5 bottoms.
High alkalinity coal carries out after pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor 8, volatile sodium is removed in a large number, sodium content in coal declines, in the flue gas generating while burning in coal dust furnace 5 burner hearths, active sodium content reduces greatly, when the follow-up heating surface due to flue gas in active sodium content few, substantially do not stain.
Claims (5)
1. a coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing, it is characterized in that: comprise coal dust furnace (5), heating riser (6), hot semicoke groove (7), pyrolysis reactor (8), separator one (11), the exhanst gas outlet of coal dust furnace (5) is connected to respectively heating riser (6) and back-end ductwork device, and the outlet of heating riser (6) is connected to hot semicoke groove (7); The high temperature semicoke outlet of hot semicoke groove (7) is connected to pyrolysis reactor (8), and the coal ash outlet of pyrolysis reactor (8) is connected to respectively feed end and the heating riser (6) of coal dust furnace (5); The exhanst gas outlet of hot semicoke groove (7) is connected to separator one (11), and the coal ash outlet of separator one (11) is connected to pyrolysis reactor (8), and the exhanst gas outlet of separator one (11) is connected to back-end ductwork device; The exhanst gas outlet of pyrolysis reactor (8) is connected to coal dust furnace (5) by separator two; Pyrolysis reactor (8) is also provided with high alkalinity coal entrance.
2. the coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the exhanst gas outlet of described separator two is connected on the pipeline of coal dust furnace (5) and is provided with purifier (13).
3. the coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the coal ash outlet of described pyrolysis reactor (8) is connected to heat exchanger (12), and the coal ash outlet of heat exchanger (12) is connected to the feed end of coal dust furnace (5); Coal dust furnace (5) feed end comprises coal bunker (1) and the dispenser (2) of carrying raw coal, also be provided with air blast (3) and burner (4), coal bunker (1) is connected to dispenser (2), dispenser (2) is connected to burner (4), air blast (3) is also connected to burner (4), and air blast (3) is carried the required air of burning.
4. the coal-powder boiler semicoke thermal vector system that prevents that boiler from staiing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described back-end ductwork device comprises back-end ductwork, deduster (14) and air-introduced machine (15), the end of back-end ductwork is installed deduster (14), the outlet flue of back-end ductwork connects air-introduced machine (15), after dedusting, by air-introduced machine (15), is discharged.
5. according to the method that boiler stains that prevents of system described in claim 1-4 any one, it is characterized in that:
In start-up, first by coal bunker (1), dispenser (2) in addition coal mix burning mode and send into burner (4) and burn, until coal dust furnace (5) starts normally operation, furnace temperature reaches after uniform temperature, in recycling coal dust furnace (5), the flue gas of self heats, after heating riser (6) normal operation, stop adding of outer coal;
Boiler normal operating phase, semicoke through pyrolysis burns through burner (4) with the air from air blast (3) in the burner hearth of coal dust furnace (5), a combustion product gases part is sent into heating riser (6), and a part is discharged through back-end ductwork device in addition; Flue gas in heating riser (6) enters hot semicoke groove (7); High alkalinity coal is sent into through coal bunker (9), dispenser (10) in pyrolysis reactor (8) one end, the other end passes into the high temperature semicoke of self-heating semicoke groove (7), through carry out pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor (8), a part of semicoke after pyrolysis delivers into coal bunker (1) and stores after heat exchanger (12) carries out temperature adjustment, another part semicoke enters heating riser (6), carries out heat exchange pyrolysis with the high-temperature flue gas from burner hearth; The gas that pyrolysis obtains is sent into coal dust furnace (5) and is burnt after purifier (13) is removed sodium; Boiler slag removal is discharged from the bottom of coal dust furnace (5).
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107854966A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-03-30 | 深圳东方锅炉控制有限公司 | A kind of method and system for improving high basic metal coal and staiing coking |
| CN112393227A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-23 | 广州中电荔新热电有限公司 | Solid waste treatment device and treatment method |
| CN114262618A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-01 | 西安交通大学 | Pyrogenic upgrading device and method for high-chlorine coal |
| CN114854437A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-05 | 浙江大学 | Method and system for reducing slagging characteristics of high-sodium coal |
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| CN114854437B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-07-25 | 浙江大学 | Method and system for reducing slag formation characteristics of high-sodium coal |
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