CN204063011U - A kind of fluidized bed semicoke thermal vector system preventing boiler from staiing - Google Patents
A kind of fluidized bed semicoke thermal vector system preventing boiler from staiing Download PDFInfo
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- CN204063011U CN204063011U CN201420461734.5U CN201420461734U CN204063011U CN 204063011 U CN204063011 U CN 204063011U CN 201420461734 U CN201420461734 U CN 201420461734U CN 204063011 U CN204063011 U CN 204063011U
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- pyrolysis reactor
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 241000273930 Brevoortia tyrannus Species 0.000 description 11
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010884 boiler slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005619 thermoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to a kind of fluidized bed semicoke thermal vector system preventing boiler from staiing, and the exhanst gas outlet of the fluid bed of this system is connected to heater riser tube and back-end ductwork device respectively, and heater riser tube is connected to hot semicoke groove; The high-temperature semi-coke outlet of hot semicoke groove is connected to pyrolysis reactor, and the coal ash outlet of pyrolysis reactor is connected to feed end and the heater riser tube of fluid bed respectively; The exhanst gas outlet of hot semicoke groove is connected to separator two, and the coal ash outlet of separator two is connected to pyrolysis reactor; The exhanst gas outlet of pyrolysis reactor is connected to fluid bed by separator three; Pyrolysis reactor is also provided with high alkalinity coal entrance; This system can reduce boiler heating surface and arrange difficulty, ensures the abundant heat exchange of boiler heating surface, stablizes boiler output; Avoid, owing to staiing the convection heating surface overheating problem caused, greatly reducing the generation of pipe explosion accident; The extensive pure burning realizing high alkalinity coal utilizes, and does not affect boiler combustion efficiency simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to fluidization field, is specially a kind of fluidized bed semicoke thermal vector system preventing boiler from staiing.
Background technology
China's power industry is based on thermal power generation, and thermoelectricity installed capacity is more than more than 70%.Combustion technology of circulating fluidized has the advantages such as pollution-co ntrol cost is cheap, suitability of fuel is wide, load regulation range is large, when using high alkalinity coal, be present in the alkali compounds in coal, can evaporate in combustion, easily condense in ash deposition boiler heating surface being formed sintering or bonding, cause the burn into slag and fouling problem of the equipment of boiler heating surface.Slagging scorification and contamination can reduce the heat transfer efficiency of boiler, affect boiler output, the safety in operation of equipment seriously being reduced, may cause the major accidents such as burner hearth is flame-out, booster, unplanned blowing out when slagging scorification is serious, is affect one of major issue that station boiler normally runs for a long time.
In order to prevent the various problems because slag and fouling brings, Chinese scholars has carried out large quantifier elimination to the mechanism of slag and fouling, research shows that slag and fouling is complicated physical-chemical reaction process, ash erosion is a complicated physical and chemical process, it is again a dynamic process, both relevant with fuel characteristic, also relevant with service condition with the structure of boiler.Scholar proposes multiple slagging scorification and judges index, but these slagging scorification judge that index has significant limitation in actual application, can only judge fundamentally to solve the harm problem of staiing boiler as preliminary.For high alkalinity coal, due to the volatilization of alkali metal in coal, easily form one deck bottoming attachment in boiler heating surface condensation, bottoming owner will exist with sodium chloride or sodium sulphate form.After mentioned component volatilizees in high temperature environments, easily condense in ash deposition convection heating surface being formed sintering or bonding, along with attachment is to the suction-operated of flying dust, convection heating surface appearance contamination phenomenon in various degree can be made, and pollutant cannot use soot blower to remove, thus cause heating surface heat-transfer capability to decline, cause the problems such as exhaust gas temperature rising, finally make burner hearth exert oneself greatly reduce cause blowing out.
Domesticly utilize high alkalinity coal also to lack engineering operation experience for burning, only Xinjiang region individual power plants is at research high alkalinity burning of coal contamination problems, does not effectively utilize way at present.By optimizing boiler combustion mode, control the temperature in burner hearth and burn to slow down the clogging problems of boiler, convenient operation is not promoted yet in practice.The mode of mixing burning by outer coal is only had to alleviate contamination problems, carry out mixing burning after utilizing accurate eastern coal to mix with other coal, the ratio of Boiler Mixed Burning high alkalinity coal should more than 30%, when mixed-fuel burning proportion increases, the convection heating surface of boiler stains dust stratification seriously, and the bulk material corrosion of alkali metal to boiler is simultaneously also very serious.Because Xinjiang region high alkalinity coal utilization mode mostly is electric power stations near coal-mines, the demand of mixing external coal during burning is comparatively large, and the eastern coal use amount of aligning is very limited like this, simultaneously coal-fired from other local purchase high-quality again, adds the cost of electricity-generating of electricity power enterprise.The construction of the exploitation and power supply base of aiming at eastern coalfield brings difficulty, is difficult to the advantage of eastern for standard coal to be given full play to, and brings very large difficulty to the design and working of pulverized-coal fired boiler simultaneously.Therefore, during boiler pure burning high alkalinity coal, the contamination of convection heating surface is problem demanding prompt solution.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of fluidized bed semicoke thermal vector system preventing boiler from staiing, effectively can solve the contamination problems of existing station boiler convection heating surface, reduce boiler heating surface and arrange difficulty, ensure the abundant heat exchange of boiler heating surface, stablize boiler output; Avoid, owing to staiing the convection heating surface overheating problem caused, greatly reducing the generation of pipe explosion accident; The extensive pure burning realizing high alkalinity coal utilizes, and does not affect boiler combustion efficiency simultaneously.
The technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
A kind of fluidized bed semicoke thermal vector system preventing boiler from staiing, it is characterized in that: comprise fluid bed, heater riser tube, hot semicoke groove, pyrolysis reactor, separator two, the exhanst gas outlet of fluid bed is connected to heater riser tube and back-end ductwork device respectively, and the outlet of heater riser tube is connected to hot semicoke groove; The high-temperature semi-coke outlet of hot semicoke groove is connected to pyrolysis reactor, and the coal ash outlet of pyrolysis reactor is connected to feed end and the heater riser tube of fluid bed respectively;
The exhanst gas outlet of hot semicoke groove is connected to separator two, and the coal ash outlet of separator two is connected to pyrolysis reactor, and the exhanst gas outlet of separator two is connected to back-end ductwork device;
The exhanst gas outlet of pyrolysis reactor is connected to fluid bed by separator three;
Pyrolysis reactor is also provided with high alkalinity coal entrance.
The pipeline that the exhanst gas outlet of described separator three is connected to fluid bed is provided with purifier.
The coal ash outlet of described pyrolysis reactor is connected to heat exchanger, and the coal ash outlet of heat exchanger is connected to the feed end of fluid bed, and fluid bed feed end comprises coal bunker and dispenser.
Described back-end ductwork device comprises separator one, air-introduced machine and material returning device, separator one is for separating of the high temperature coal ash from fluid bed, the exhanst gas outlet at separator one top is connected to air-introduced machine, coal ash outlet bottom separator one is connected to material returning device, the coal ash outlet of material returning device is connected to the coal ash entrance of fluid bed side wall lower ends, is also provided with lime-ash outlet bottom material returning device.
The utility model utilizes the temperature that the rear flue gas of burning is higher, enters heater riser tube through horizontal flue part; In heater riser tube, semicoke and high-temperature flue gas carry out heat exchange and lifting, and semicoke enters hot semicoke groove as heat carrier use after heating, and the heat smoke of discharge sends into back-end ductwork after separator.Raw coal enters pyrolysis reactor through dispenser, mixes, complete the pyrolytic reaction of coal with the high-temperature hot semicoke carrying out self-heating semicoke groove, and in coal dust, alkali metal at high temperature volatilizees and enters in pyrolysis gas, and pyrolysis gas sends into hearth combustion after purification removing alkali metal.The part semicoke of pyrolysis reactor outlet delivers into heat exchanger, sends in coal bunker and store after exchange heat, and the coal in coal bunker is sent into burner hearth from dispenser and burnt; Another part semicoke enters riser to carry out heating and promoting.Because in coal tar, alkali metal significantly reduces, avoid combustion product gases alkali metal compound chance cold bonding in burner hearth and be attached to initiation layer convection heating surface tube wall being formed contamination, destroy the primary condition of staiing and being formed.
The course of work of whole system is:
In start-up, first can mix burning mode by coal beyond fluid bed feed end to send into fluid bed and burn, until fluid bed starts normal operation, after furnace temperature reaches uniform temperature, the flue gas of recycling boiler self heats semicoke for subsequent use, after heater riser tube normal operation, adding of outer coal can be stopped; Boiler normal operating phase, burns in the burner hearth of fluid bed through the semicoke of pyrolysis and external air, and a combustion product gases part sends into heater riser tube, and a part enters through back-end ductwork device in addition, and the flue gas in heater riser tube enters hot semicoke groove; Pyrolysis reactor one end passes into high alkalinity coal, the other end passes into the high-temperature semi-coke of self-heating semicoke groove, through carrying out pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor, the feed end that a part of semicoke after pyrolysis carries out delivering into after temperature adjustment fluid bed through heat exchanger stores, another part semicoke enters heater riser tube, carries out heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas from burner hearth; The gas that pyrolysis obtains is sent into fluid bed and is burnt after purifier removing sodium.Boiler slag removal carries out at fluidized-bed bottom; After high alkalinity coal carries out pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor, volatile sodium is removed in a large number, sodium content in coal declines, in the flue gas generated when burning in fluid bed burner hearth, active sodium content reduces greatly, few at sodium content active in subsequent thermal face is due to flue gas, substantially do not stain.
The utility model has following beneficial effect:
(1) high-temperature semi-coke and high alkalinity coal mixed pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor is adopted, removed the volatile sodium in coal by pyrolysis, reduce the sodium element content in fluid bed as-fired coal, decrease the contamination of Boiler Convection Heating Surface, improve the heat exchange efficiency of heat-transfer surface, stablize boiler output;
(2) by utilizing high-temperature semi-coke and high alkalinity coal mixed pyrolysis, hearth combustion is sent into after pyrolysis gas purification, energy utilization efficiency improves, and decreases the problem of gas solid separation dedusting, avoids high alkalinity coal simultaneously and can only utilize by mixing burning approach the great number cost brought at present;
(3) use high-temperature flue gas promote semicoke and heat, avoid and use coal ash as the large problem of solid material recycle ratio during heat carrier, the independence being convenient to hearth combustion and raw coal pyrolysis that is in operation regulates;
(4) when changing little to former boiler design, realizing the extensive pure burning of high alkalinity coal and utilizing, improve the benefit of power plant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.
Wherein, Reference numeral is: 1 coal bunker, 2 dispensers, 3 air blasts, 4 fluid beds, 5 separator one, 6 heater riser tube, 7 hot semicoke grooves, 8 pyrolysis reactors, 9 coal bunkers, 10 dispensers, 11 separator two, 12 heat exchangers, 13 material returning devices, 14 purifiers, 15 air-introduced machines.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of fluidized bed semicoke thermal vector system preventing boiler from staiing, comprise fluid bed 4, heater riser tube 6, hot semicoke groove 7, pyrolysis reactor 8, separator 2 11, the exhanst gas outlet of fluid bed 4 is connected to heater riser tube 6 and back-end ductwork device respectively, and the outlet of heater riser tube 6 is connected to hot semicoke groove 7; The high-temperature semi-coke outlet of hot semicoke groove 7 is connected to pyrolysis reactor 8, and the coal ash outlet of pyrolysis reactor 8 is connected to feed end and the heater riser tube 6 of fluid bed 4 respectively;
The exhanst gas outlet of hot semicoke groove 7 is connected to separator 2 11, and the coal ash outlet of separator 2 11 is connected to pyrolysis reactor 8, and the exhanst gas outlet of separator 2 11 is connected to back-end ductwork device;
The exhanst gas outlet of pyrolysis reactor 8 is connected to fluid bed 4 by separator three;
Pyrolysis reactor 8 is also provided with high alkalinity coal entrance, and high alkalinity coal entrance is sent into by coal bunker 9 and dispenser 10.
The pipeline that the exhanst gas outlet of described separator three is connected to fluid bed 4 is provided with purifier 14.
The coal ash outlet of described pyrolysis reactor 8 is connected to heat exchanger 12, and the coal ash outlet of heat exchanger 12 is connected to the feed end of fluid bed 4, and fluid bed 4 feed end comprises coal bunker 1 and dispenser 2.
Described back-end ductwork device comprises separator 1, air-introduced machine 15 and material returning device 13, separator 1 is for separating of the high temperature coal ash from fluid bed 4, the exhanst gas outlet at separator 1 top is connected to air-introduced machine 15, coal ash outlet bottom separator 1 is connected to material returning device 13, the coal ash outlet of material returning device 13 is connected to the coal ash entrance of fluid bed 4 side wall lower ends, is also provided with lime-ash outlet bottom material returning device 13.
The course of work of whole system is: in boiler start-up, can first by coal bunker 1, coal be mixed burning mode and is sent into fluid bed 4 and burn beyond dispenser 2, until boiler starts normally to run after furnace temperature reaches uniform temperature, the flue gas of recycling boiler self heats semicoke for subsequent use, after riser 6 normal operation, can stop by coal bunker 1, the adding of the outer coal of dispenser 2.Boiler normal operating phase, the semicoke through pyrolysis burns in the burner hearth of fluid bed 4 with the air from air blast 3, and a combustion product gases part sends into heater riser tube 6, and a part enters chimney after back-end ductwork cooling in addition.High alkalinity coal from coal bunker 9, dispenser 10 enters from pyrolysis reactor 8 one end, the high-temperature semi-coke carrying out self-heating semicoke groove 7 is entered by pyrolysis reactor 8 other end, raw coal carries out pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor 8, a semicoke part after pyrolysis enters heat exchanger 12, deliver into coal bunker 1 after temperature adjusts to store, another part enters heater riser tube 6, carries out heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas from burner hearth.The gas that pyrolysis obtains removes through purifier 14 and sends into fluid bed 4 after sodium and burn.Boiler slag removal carries out bottom fluid bed 4.After high alkalinity coal carries out pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor 8, volatile sodium is removed in a large number, sodium content in coal declines, in the flue gas generated when burning in fluid bed 4 burner hearth, active sodium content reduces greatly, few at sodium content active in subsequent thermal face is due to flue gas, substantially do not stain.
Claims (4)
1. the fluidized bed semicoke thermal vector system preventing boiler from staiing, it is characterized in that: comprise fluid bed (4), heater riser tube (6), hot semicoke groove (7), pyrolysis reactor (8), separator two (11), the exhanst gas outlet of fluid bed (4) is connected to heater riser tube (6) and back-end ductwork device respectively, and the outlet of heater riser tube (6) is connected to hot semicoke groove (7); The high-temperature semi-coke outlet of hot semicoke groove (7) is connected to pyrolysis reactor (8), and the coal ash outlet of pyrolysis reactor (8) is connected to feed end and the heater riser tube (6) of fluid bed (4) respectively; The exhanst gas outlet of hot semicoke groove (7) is connected to separator two (11), and the coal ash outlet of separator two (11) is connected to pyrolysis reactor (8), and the exhanst gas outlet of separator two (11) is connected to back-end ductwork device; The exhanst gas outlet of pyrolysis reactor (8) is connected to fluid bed (4) by separator three; Pyrolysis reactor (8) is also provided with high alkalinity coal entrance.
2. the fluidized bed semicoke thermal vector system preventing boiler from staiing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the pipeline that the exhanst gas outlet of described separator three is connected to fluid bed (4) is provided with purifier (14).
3. the fluidized bed semicoke thermal vector system preventing boiler from staiing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the coal ash outlet of described pyrolysis reactor (8) is connected to heat exchanger (12), the coal ash outlet of heat exchanger (12) is connected to the feed end of fluid bed (4), and fluid bed (4) feed end comprises coal bunker (1) and dispenser (2).
4. the fluidized bed semicoke thermal vector system preventing boiler from staiing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described back-end ductwork device comprises separator one (5), air-introduced machine (15) and material returning device (13), separator one (5) is for separating of the high temperature coal ash from fluid bed (4), the exhanst gas outlet at separator one (5) top is connected to air-introduced machine (15), the coal ash outlet of separator one (5) bottom is connected to material returning device (13), the coal ash outlet of material returning device (13) is connected to the coal ash entrance of fluid bed (4) side wall lower ends, material returning device (13) bottom is also provided with lime-ash outlet.
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CN201420461734.5U CN204063011U (en) | 2014-08-15 | 2014-08-15 | A kind of fluidized bed semicoke thermal vector system preventing boiler from staiing |
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CN201420461734.5U CN204063011U (en) | 2014-08-15 | 2014-08-15 | A kind of fluidized bed semicoke thermal vector system preventing boiler from staiing |
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CN201420461734.5U Withdrawn - After Issue CN204063011U (en) | 2014-08-15 | 2014-08-15 | A kind of fluidized bed semicoke thermal vector system preventing boiler from staiing |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104132333A (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2014-11-05 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Fluidized bed semi-coke heat carrier system and method for preventing boiler from being contaminated |
CN105987378A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-10-05 | 清华大学 | Method and device for fuel pyrolysis and co-combustion for preventing and controlling soot formation and coking of low-rank coal |
-
2014
- 2014-08-15 CN CN201420461734.5U patent/CN204063011U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104132333A (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2014-11-05 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Fluidized bed semi-coke heat carrier system and method for preventing boiler from being contaminated |
CN104132333B (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2016-08-24 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | A kind of fluidized bed semicoke thermal vector system preventing boiler from staiing and method |
CN105987378A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-10-05 | 清华大学 | Method and device for fuel pyrolysis and co-combustion for preventing and controlling soot formation and coking of low-rank coal |
CN105987378B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2018-08-03 | 清华大学 | The fuel thermal decomposition of prevention and control low-order coal dust deposition and the method and device of multifuel combustion |
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GR01 | Patent grant | ||
AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20141231 Effective date of abandoning: 20160824 |
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C25 | Abandonment of patent right or utility model to avoid double patenting |