CN202813346U - Coal ash preventing boiler from being contaminated and ash combined recycling system capable of - Google Patents

Coal ash preventing boiler from being contaminated and ash combined recycling system capable of Download PDF

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Publication number
CN202813346U
CN202813346U CN 201220491996 CN201220491996U CN202813346U CN 202813346 U CN202813346 U CN 202813346U CN 201220491996 CN201220491996 CN 201220491996 CN 201220491996 U CN201220491996 U CN 201220491996U CN 202813346 U CN202813346 U CN 202813346U
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China
Prior art keywords
ash
coal
lime
boiler
flyash
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CN 201220491996
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
曹立勇
刘正宁
郭盼
李阳
樊伟
杜奇
张媛
张春飞
张鑫
刘江
张晓光
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Dongfang Electric Corp
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Dongfang Electric Corp
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a coal ash preventing boiler from being contaminated and ash combined recycling system. The coal ash preventing boiler from being contaminated and ash combined recycling system comprises a coal ash recycling system and an ash recycling system, the coal ash recycling system draws forth coal ash from a dust remover and delivers the coal ash to a coal mill. The ash recycling system collects ash of the slag bath of the boiler to a drying machine, crushes the dried ash, delivers the crushed ash to an ash warehouse, delivers the crushed ash to the coal mill, mixes and grinds the coal ash, ash and pulverized coal of raw coal to a needed particle size according to a certain proportion in the coal mill, and is spurted into the boiler chamber to burn through a burner. Along with the flow of smoke, the active sodium in the smoke is converted into an insoluble sodium salt. The coal ash preventing boiler from being contaminated and ash combined recycling system has the advantages of fixing the active sodium in the smoke, enabling the active sodium to generate the insoluble sodium instead of being condensed and adhered to the convection heating surface, cutting off the forming source of contamination, guaranteeing the safe operation of the convection, increasing the operation time of the boiler and improving the benefit of a power plant.

Description

A kind of flyash of boiler contamination and system that lime-ash is united recirculation of preventing
Technical field
The utility model relates to the boiler contamination technology that prevents, particularly a kind of flyash and lime-ash associating recirculating system that prevents that boiler from staiing.
Background technology
China's power industry is take thermal power generation as main, and the thermoelectricity installed capacity surpasses more than 70%.The thermoelectricity steam coal adopts low grade coal inferior, to such an extent as to can cause the problems such as the slagging scorification of boiler furnace water-cooling wall, convection heating surface contamination, this series of problems is the key factor of the normal operation of the Long-term Effect station boiler.Slagging scorification and the meeting of contamination reduce the heat transfer efficiency of boiler, affect boiler output, so that the safety in operation of equipment seriously reduces, may cause the major accidents such as boiler flameout, booster, unplanned blowing out when slagging scorification is serious.
It is particularly serious to stain phenomenon when the eastern coal of the overbasic standard of burning, only has the lower coal of blending alkali metal content just can alleviate the contamination situation of convection heating surface.The high alkalinity coal accounts for 20% of coal resources in China recoverable amount, and present this part coal unrealized independent utility also can only be by mixing the mode section utilization of burning.Owing to contain the inherent characteristic of high alkalinity element (being mainly sodium element) in the coal, cause the combustion apparatus Boiler Heating Surfaces and stain serious, can not realize the pure burning utilization of accurate eastern coal and bring into play the advantages such as accurate eastern coal reserves reaches, price is low, cause being restricted for the extensive utilization of China's a large amount of high basic metal content coal, thereby restricted the efficient that coal resources in China is utilized.
The high alkalinity coal owing to the volatilization of alkali metal, forms one deck bottoming attachment in the boiler heating surface condensation easily in the coal powder boiler combustion process.The bottoming attachment is mainly with NaCl or Na 2SO 4Form exists, after mentioned component at high temperature volatilizees, easily condense in the ash deposition that forms sintering or bonding on the heating surface, along with the suction-operated of attachment to flying dust, meeting is so that contamination phenomenon in various degree appears in heating surface, and can't use soot blower to remove, thereby causes the heating surface heat-transfer capability to descend, cause the problems such as exhaust gas temperature rising, final reduction causes blowing out so that burner hearth is exerted oneself greatly.In addition on the one hand, stain and to cause flue blockage and corrosion booster when serious, alkali metal can form complex compound with the iron phase element, metal pipe-wall is formed the effect of biting of gnawing, so that metal heated compressive resistance reduces, cause the heat-transfer surface tube bank that booster occurs, have a strong impact on stability and the reliability of equipment operation.In a word, research high alkalinity coal utilization technique, reducing or solving the serious inclination to soiling of boiler is one of Important Problems of large-sized boiler safe operation.
It is domestic that coal utilization also lacks the engineering operation experience for the burning high alkalinity, only problem is stain in the burning of coal of research high alkalinity in the indivedual power plant of Xinjiang region, do not utilize efficiently at present way, the mode of only mixing burning by outer coal alleviates the contamination problem, outer coal is mixed the burning problem and is actually by adding other low alkalinity metal coals, has reduced alkali-metal relative amount in the raw coal.The ratio of Boiler Mixed Burning high alkalinity coal should not surpass 30%, and when mixed-fuel burning proportion increased, it is serious that convection heating surface stains dust stratification, forms the flue gas corridor, and sweep of gases causes high temperature reheater, high temperature superheater to leak.Because Xinjiang region high alkalinity coal utilization mode is electric power stations near coal-mines, the demand of mixing the external coal of burning mode is larger, and this mode often is subject to the restriction of traffic condition, has greatly increased operating cost.Therefore, the contamination problem of high alkalinity coal is problem demanding prompt solution.
Especially for power plant's operating π type boiler, coal dust burns in burner hearth, produce high-temperature flue gas and lime-ash, for the high alkalinity coal, alkali metal wherein at high temperature can volatilize with gaseous state, and flow to follow-up heat convection face with high-temperature flue gas, with after the lower heat convection face of temperature contacts, alkali metal can be deposited on the heat convection surface, and causes heating surface that phenomenon occurs to stain because have higher stickiness absorption flying dust.Owing to stain the generation of phenomenon, can cause convection heating surface heat exchange thermal resistance to increase, cause the phenomenons such as boiler output deficiency and even the blowing out of generation booster.
The utility model content
The utility model is for the contamination problem that exists in the existing high alkalinity coal utilization process, the method and system that prevents that flyash that boiler stains and lime-ash from uniting recirculation is provided, the purpose of seriously contamination of convection heating surface, high temperature corrosion and wearing and tearing when having realized greatly alleviating existing boilers of power plants high alkalinity coal, stablize boiler output, guarantee the boiler heating surface heat transfer effect, can avoid owing to stain the convection heating surface overheating problem that causes, reduce the generation of pipe explosion accident, reach the purpose of the extensive pure burning utilization that realizes the high alkalinity coal.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
A kind of flyash of boiler contamination and system that lime-ash is united recirculation of preventing is characterized in that: comprise flyash recirculating system and lime-ash recirculating system, wherein:
The flyash recirculating system comprises coal pulverizer and deduster, and the discharging opening of coal pulverizer is connected with boiler-burner, and the charging aperture of deduster is connected with the outlet of the air preheater of boiler back end ductwork; Described deduster is provided with two outlets, and an outlet is the outlet of output coal ash, and an outlet is returned the charging aperture that the coal ash outlet is connected to coal pulverizer for returning the coal ash outlet;
The lime-ash recirculating system comprises coal pulverizer, lime-ash warehouse, lime-ash disintegrating machine, lime-ash drying machine, the discharging opening of coal pulverizer is connected to the burner of boiler, the charging aperture of lime-ash drying machine is communicated with the outlet of the slag bath of boiler, the discharging opening of lime-ash drying machine is connected to the charging aperture of lime-ash disintegrating machine, the discharging opening of lime-ash disintegrating machine is connected to the charging aperture of lime-ash warehouse, and the discharging opening of lime-ash warehouse is connected to the charging aperture of coal pulverizer; The lime-ash drying machine is positioned at the slag bath lower end, and the lime-ash disintegrating machine is positioned at the drying machine lower end;
The charging aperture of described coal pulverizer also connects the raw coal source.
Returning between coal ash outlet and the coal pulverizer of described flyash recirculating system is provided with flyash foldback device.
Be provided with pendant superheater in the first paragraph flue of described boiler; Be provided with successively high temperature superheater and high temperature reheater in the middle flue backward; Be provided with economizer in the back-end ductwork of boiler, economizer is positioned at the air preheater front end.
Be connected with the lime-ash conveying device between described lime-ash disintegrating machine and the lime-ash warehouse.
Be provided with the pipeline ball valve between described slag bath and the lime-ash drying machine, be used for regular deslagging.
The principle that prevents the flyash of boiler contamination and the process system that lime-ash is united recirculation is as follows:
For π type boiler, coal dust burns in burner hearth, produces high-temperature flue gas and lime-ash, and for the high alkalinity coal, alkali metal wherein at high temperature can volatilize with gaseous state, i.e. active Na steam.Because the self-contained SiO that certain content is arranged in flyash and the lime-ash 2, Al 2O 3And other silicates, so recycling flyash and lime-ash fix active Na steam in the flue gas, then can fundamentally solve or greatly alleviate convection heating surface and stain situation, its key reaction principle is as follows:
2NaCl+3SiO 2+H 2O Na 2O .3SiO 2+2HCl   Na 2SO 4+3SiO 2→Na 2O .3SiO 2+SO 2+1/2O 2
Na 2O .3SiO 2+Al 2O 3-→Na 2O .Al 2O 3 .2SiO 2+ SiO 2
2NaCl+H 2O+nSiO 2→Na 2O.nSiO 2+2HCl
Above-mentioned reaction makes volatilizable alkali metal chloride become aluminosilicate with sulfate conversion, thereby reduces the alkali-metal discharging of gas phase.
The course of work of whole system is:
Before the initial operation of boiler, guarantee that by mixing burning low alkali coal or external flyash convection heating surface does not produce contamination; After operation a period of time, the simultaneously operation of two-way technique: (1) is drawn required flyash from the deduster outlet and is adopted flyash foldback device to be delivered to coal pulverizer, and flyash mixes with the raw coal coal dust and grinds also drying in coal pulverizer; The lime-ash of (2) discharging from boiler below slag bath is sent into the lime-ash disintegrating machine after through lime-ash drying machine drying and is carried out preliminary fragmentation, sends in the lime-ash warehouse by the lime-ash conveying device, lime-ash is sent into to mix in the coal pulverizer grind; Come source category different according to raw coal, flyash mixes according to the ratio of 1:5-1:20 with the raw coal coal dust, because lime-ash output is less, in real process, select consumption to be returned to coal pulverizer (can all be returned to coal pulverizer), grind to desired particle size after the three mixes and spray into the burner hearth internal combustion through burner, along with flowing of flue gas, active Na in the flue gas changes insoluble Na salt gradually into, active Na content reduces greatly in the flue gas when flue gas process pendant superheater, owing to active Na content in the flue gas is few, substantially do not stain when flue gas process high temperature superheater and high temperature reheater.This two-way technique need guarantee to move after a period of time in the emptying deduster flyash and slag bath lime-ash to guarantee SiO in the flyash 2Or the surplus of alumino-silicate is with the active Na in the fixing flue gas.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
The utility model is to keep under the constant prerequisite of boiler citation form, the fixing active Na in the flue gas, make it generate insoluble Na and can condensation not stick on the convection heating surface, cut off and stain the source that forms, the safe operation of protection convection heating surface, increase the running time of boiler, improved the benefit of power plant; Flyash and lime-ash are recycled in the coal pulverizer to mix with coal and grind, and the self-contained heat of flyash can play the effect of dry coal dust, and flyash can better be mixed with coal dust, and it is better to enter behind the stove effect of the fixing active Na of flyash; Realize the recycling of flyash and lime-ash, alleviated the pressure of defeated slag and dust removing system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model;
Wherein, Reference numeral is: 1 coal pulverizer, 2 burners, 3 pendant superheaters, 4 high temperature superheaters, 5 high temperature reheaters, 6 economizers, 7 air preheaters, 8 dedusters, 9 flyash foldback devices, 10 lime-ash drying machines, 11 lime-ash disintegrating machines, 12 lime-ash conveying devices, 13 lime-ash warehouses.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of flyash of boiler contamination and system that lime-ash is united recirculation of preventing comprises flyash recirculating system and lime-ash recirculating system, wherein:
The flyash recirculating system comprises coal pulverizer 1 and deduster 8, and the discharging opening of coal pulverizer 1 is connected with boiler-burner 2, and the charging aperture of deduster 8 is connected with the outlet of the air preheater of boiler back end ductwork 7; Described deduster 8 is provided with two outlets, and an outlet is the outlet of output coal ash, and an outlet is returned the charging aperture that the coal ash outlet is connected to coal pulverizer 1 for returning the coal ash outlet;
The lime-ash recirculating system comprises coal pulverizer 1, lime-ash warehouse 13, lime-ash disintegrating machine 11, lime-ash drying machine 10, the discharging opening of coal pulverizer 1 is connected to the burner 2 of boiler, the charging aperture of lime-ash drying machine 10 is communicated with the outlet of the slag bath of boiler, the discharging opening of lime-ash drying machine 10 is connected to the charging aperture of lime-ash disintegrating machine 11, the discharging opening of lime-ash disintegrating machine 11 is connected to the charging aperture of lime-ash warehouse 13, and the discharging opening of lime-ash warehouse 13 is connected to the charging aperture of coal pulverizer 1; Lime-ash drying machine 10 is positioned at the slag bath lower end, and lime-ash disintegrating machine 11 is positioned at the drying machine lower end;
The charging aperture of described coal pulverizer 1 also connects the raw coal source.
Returning between coal ash outlet and the coal pulverizer 1 of described flyash recirculating system is provided with flyash foldback device 9.
Be provided with pendant superheater 3 in the first paragraph flue of described boiler; Be provided with successively high temperature superheater 4 and high temperature reheater 5 in the middle flue backward; Be provided with economizer 6 in the back-end ductwork of boiler, economizer 6 is positioned at air preheater 7 front ends.
Be connected with lime-ash conveying device 12 between described lime-ash disintegrating machine 11 and the lime-ash warehouse 13.
Be provided with the pipeline ball valve between described slag bath and the lime-ash drying machine 10, be used for regular deslagging.
The principle that prevents the flyash of boiler contamination and the process system that lime-ash is united recirculation is as follows:
For π type boiler, coal dust burns in burner hearth, produces high-temperature flue gas and lime-ash, and for the high alkalinity coal, alkali metal wherein at high temperature can volatilize with gaseous state, i.e. active Na steam.Because the self-contained SiO that certain content is arranged in flyash and the lime-ash 2, Al 2O 3And other silicates, so recycling flyash and lime-ash fix active Na steam in the flue gas, then can fundamentally solve or greatly alleviate convection heating surface and stain situation, its key reaction principle is as follows:
2NaCl+3SiO 2+H 2O Na 2O .3SiO 2+2HCl   Na 2SO 4+3SiO 2→Na 2O .3SiO 2+SO 2+1/2O 2
Na 2O .3SiO 2+Al 2O 3-→Na 2O .Al 2O 3 .2SiO 2+ SiO 2
2NaCl+H 2O+nSiO 2→Na 2O.nSiO 2+2HCl
Above-mentioned reaction makes volatilizable alkali metal chloride become aluminosilicate with sulfate conversion, thereby reduces the alkali-metal discharging of gas phase.
The course of work of whole system is:
Before the initial operation of boiler, guarantee that by mixing burning low alkali coal or external flyash convection heating surface does not produce contamination; After operation a period of time, the simultaneously operation of two-way technique: (1) is drawn required flyash from deduster 8 outlets and is adopted flyash foldback device 9 to be delivered to coal pulverizer 1, and flyash mixes with the raw coal coal dust and grinds also drying in coal pulverizer 1; The lime-ash of (2) discharging from boiler below slag bath is sent into lime-ash disintegrating machine 11 after through lime-ash drying machine 10 dryings and is carried out preliminary fragmentation, sends in the lime-ash warehouse 13 by lime-ash conveying device 12, lime-ash is sent into to mix in the coal pulverizer 1 grind; Come source category different according to raw coal, flyash mixes according to the ratio of 1:5-1:20 with the raw coal coal dust, because lime-ash output is less, in real process, select consumption to be returned to coal pulverizer 1(and can all be returned to coal pulverizer 1), grind to desired particle size after the three mixes and spray into the burner hearth internal combustion through burner 2, along with flowing of flue gas, active Na in the flue gas changes insoluble Na salt gradually into, active Na content reduces greatly in the flue gas when flue gas process pendant superheater 3, owing to active Na content in the flue gas is few, substantially do not stain when flue gas process high temperature superheater 4 and high temperature reheater 5.This two-way technique need guarantee to move after a period of time in the emptying deduster 8 flyash and slag bath lime-ash to guarantee SiO in the flyash 2Or the surplus of alumino-silicate is with the active Na in the fixing flue gas.

Claims (5)

1. one kind prevents the flyash of boiler contamination and the system that lime-ash is united recirculation, it is characterized in that: comprise flyash recirculating system and lime-ash recirculating system, wherein:
The flyash recirculating system comprises coal pulverizer (1) and deduster (8), and the discharging opening of coal pulverizer (1) is connected with boiler-burner (2), and the charging aperture of deduster (8) is connected with the outlet of the air preheater (7) of boiler back end ductwork; Described deduster (8) is provided with two outlets, and an outlet is the outlet of output coal ash, and an outlet is returned the charging aperture that the coal ash outlet is connected to coal pulverizer (1) for returning the coal ash outlet;
The lime-ash recirculating system comprises coal pulverizer (1), lime-ash warehouse (13), lime-ash disintegrating machine (11), lime-ash drying machine (10), the discharging opening of coal pulverizer (1) is connected to the burner (2) of boiler, the charging aperture of lime-ash drying machine (10) is communicated with the outlet of the slag bath of boiler, the discharging opening of lime-ash drying machine (10) is connected to the charging aperture of lime-ash disintegrating machine (11), the discharging opening of lime-ash disintegrating machine (11) is connected to the charging aperture of lime-ash warehouse (13), and the discharging opening of lime-ash warehouse (13) is connected to the charging aperture of coal pulverizer (1); Lime-ash drying machine (10) is positioned at the slag bath lower end, and lime-ash disintegrating machine (11) is positioned at the drying machine lower end;
The charging aperture of described coal pulverizer (1) also connects the raw coal source.
2. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: returning between coal ash outlet and the coal pulverizer (1) of described flyash recirculating system is provided with flyash foldback device (9).
3. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with pendant superheater (3) in the first paragraph flue of described boiler; Be provided with successively high temperature superheater (4) and high temperature reheater (5) in the middle flue backward; Be provided with economizer (6) in the back-end ductwork of boiler, economizer (6) is positioned at air preheater (7) front end.
4. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be connected with lime-ash conveying device (12) between described lime-ash disintegrating machine (11) and the lime-ash warehouse (13).
5. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with the pipeline ball valve for regular deslagging between described slag bath and the lime-ash drying machine (10).
CN 201220491996 2012-09-25 2012-09-25 Coal ash preventing boiler from being contaminated and ash combined recycling system capable of Expired - Lifetime CN202813346U (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102829468A (en) * 2012-09-25 2012-12-19 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Coal ash and ash combined re-circulating system for preventing boiler from being polluted
CN103411212A (en) * 2013-08-23 2013-11-27 太原钢铁(集团)有限公司 Recycling process for waste furnace slag in fluidized bed boiler combustion system
CN103954408A (en) * 2014-03-31 2014-07-30 舞阳钢铁有限责任公司 Maintenance process for online fast leakage detection for air pre-heater
CN104330437A (en) * 2014-10-15 2015-02-04 上海发电设备成套设计研究院 Experiment device for research on coking and contamination prevention of high alkali coal
CN113025389A (en) * 2021-03-05 2021-06-25 韩乐 Raw coal treatment equipment and method for treating raw coal by using same

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102829468A (en) * 2012-09-25 2012-12-19 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Coal ash and ash combined re-circulating system for preventing boiler from being polluted
CN102829468B (en) * 2012-09-25 2015-02-04 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Coal ash and ash combined re-circulating system for preventing boiler from being polluted
CN103411212A (en) * 2013-08-23 2013-11-27 太原钢铁(集团)有限公司 Recycling process for waste furnace slag in fluidized bed boiler combustion system
CN103411212B (en) * 2013-08-23 2016-08-10 太原钢铁(集团)有限公司 A kind of waste furnace slag recycling technique in fluidized-bed combustion boiler combustion system
CN103954408A (en) * 2014-03-31 2014-07-30 舞阳钢铁有限责任公司 Maintenance process for online fast leakage detection for air pre-heater
CN103954408B (en) * 2014-03-31 2016-07-06 舞阳钢铁有限责任公司 A kind of maintenance craft of the online quick leak-checking of air preheater
CN104330437A (en) * 2014-10-15 2015-02-04 上海发电设备成套设计研究院 Experiment device for research on coking and contamination prevention of high alkali coal
CN104330437B (en) * 2014-10-15 2017-02-15 上海发电设备成套设计研究院 Experiment device for research on coking and contamination prevention of high alkali coal
CN113025389A (en) * 2021-03-05 2021-06-25 韩乐 Raw coal treatment equipment and method for treating raw coal by using same

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