CN203249398U - Solar flat plate collector based on absorption particles - Google Patents
Solar flat plate collector based on absorption particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN203249398U CN203249398U CN2013201424666U CN201320142466U CN203249398U CN 203249398 U CN203249398 U CN 203249398U CN 2013201424666 U CN2013201424666 U CN 2013201424666U CN 201320142466 U CN201320142466 U CN 201320142466U CN 203249398 U CN203249398 U CN 203249398U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a solar flat plate collector based on absorption particles. The solar flat plate collector based on the absorption particles is structurally characterized by being formed by a frame, a heat isolation layer, working media, a metal substrate, absorption fluid and a low-radiation module from a bottom layer to a top layer in sequence. The absorption fluid is formed by particles capable of absorbing the energy of a whole solar energy spectrum section and fluid, and the absorption rate can reach 100%. Due to the adoption of the structure of separating a high absorption function and a low radiation function, the mutual constraint relation between the high absorption function and the low radiation function is eliminated, and therefore the absorption rate can be made to reach 100% under the premise that the emitting rate of the absorption fluid is not considered, the solar energy reaching the absorption fluid is fully absorbed, the heat collecting efficiency of the solar flat plate collector is obviously improved, and the application range of the solar flat plate collector is greatly expanded.
Description
Technical field
This patent belongs to technical field of solar, relates to a kind of solar thermal collector, particularly a kind of be suitable for various high, medium and low temperature solar heat utilizations, based on the plate solar collector of absorbing particles.
Background technology
Energy problem is that worldwide faces the most one of distinct issues, and solar energy is human inexhaustible, nexhaustible clean energy resource.The solar energy optical-thermal conversion is a kind of the most universal, the main form that solar energy utilizes in the present world wide, and wherein the most representative is exactly solar water heater.China has become and has produced in the world the maximum country of solar water heater, also has maximum in the world Solar Heater Market simultaneously.Can predict, solar water heater will become the solar energy of not replacing and utilize form.
The type of solar water heater is a lot, and its structure mainly is comprised of heat collector and storage heater two large divisions, and wherein heat collector is key problem in technology, is directly connected to utilization ratio, the serviceability of solar water heater and the ambient temperature conditions that can normally move.Be widely used at present solar water heater in the daily life according to the difference of heat collector by using basically can be divided three classes season:
The first kind: can only under summer or hot climate, use.Closing-sunning type and ordinary flat formula are generally arranged.
Equations of The Second Kind: can use when spring, summer, autumn and minimum environment temperature are higher than zero degree, main Types has all-glass vacuum tube type and double glazing flat.This type of heat collector must discharge water inactive when temperature is lower than zero degree, otherwise will cause the frostbite evil of heat collector.
The 3rd class: can use in any weather in the whole year, mainly contain heat pipe glass vacuum tube type heat collector.20th century the mid-80; solar water heater take flat plate solar collector as critical piece has begun to take shape industry in China; this is for saving conventional energy resource, conservation of nature environment and improving the people's livelihood and all brought into play positive effect; yet because flat-plate solar heat collector can only provide low-temperature water heating and generally can not whole year operation, range of application is restricted.For further improving the operating temperature of heat collector, widen the Application of Solar Energy field, researched and developed all-glass vacuum tube type solar thermal collector and heat pipe one electron tubes type solar thermal collector.
The solar thermal collector of having widely applied mainly contains flat type solar heat collector, all-glass vacuum tube type solar thermal collector, hot pipe type solar heat collector, heat pipe one electron tubes type solar thermal collector, and wherein the all-glass vacuum tube type solar thermal collector captures most domestic market.But the per day efficient of flat type solar heat collector is higher than electron tubes type solar thermal collector in theory, and country is advocating energy-saving and emission-reduction energetically, because flat plate solar water heater separates with storage tank, more flexible, more perfect with Integration of building, realize easily and architecture-integral, caused the concern of industry.Therefore, from the development trend of solar energy collector, the flat solar water heater has huge development potentiality.
Once the flat plate solar water heater that accounted for China's solar water heater dominant position the eighties in 20th century was substituted by full glass vacuum tube solar water heater in nearly more than 20 years gradually, and the market share descends year by year, now is down to about 15%.Yet the same period, such variation did not occur in external solar thermal collector market, and flat plate solar water heater still accounts for dominant position in the world.The hot property of external flat-plate solar collector is compared with all-glass solar vacuum tubular collector, does not almost have difference when the domestic hot water is provided.Authority's Switzerland SPF shows (based on Aperture) to many factory's testing results, and flat-plate solar collector efficiency curve intercept is 0.78～0.81, and heat loss coefficient is at 3.54～4.03W/ (m
2K); 0.53～0.61, heat loss coefficient is at 1.30～2.22W/ (m for full glass tube vacuum pipe heat collector (inserted heat pipe or U-shaped pipe)
2K).When hot water for life was provided, take Switzerland middle part weather as example, flat-plate solar collector was output as 485～541W/ (m the whole year
2K), full glass tube vacuum pipe heat collector is output as 466～561W/ (m the whole year
2K).Although the heat loss coefficient of full glass tube vacuum pipe heat collector is far below flat-plate solar collector, the intercept of flat-plate solar collector efficiency curve is far above full glass tube vacuum pipe heat collector.It is to be noted that mostly the all-glass solar vacuum tubular collector that SPF detects is close arranging pipe.Domestic all-glass solar vacuum tubular collector tube pitch is much bigger, and the thermal efficiency is also lower.
Although the theoretic per day efficient of flat-plate solar collector is higher than electron tubes type solar thermal collector, and the hot property of external flat-plate solar collector is compared with all-glass solar vacuum tubular collector, when the domestic hot water is provided, almost do not have difference, still account for dominant position.But the market share of China's flat-plate solar collector is very low, and weak effect, cost are high.External flat-plate solar collector generally adopts the higher selective coating absorber plate of performance, and the sunshine absorptivity is greater than 90%, and infrared emittance is less than 6%.And the absorber plate of China's flat-plate solar collector, the best infrared emittance of performance also is higher than 20%, and such as the black nickel of electrochemical treatments (being used for aluminium sheet) or black chromium (being used for copper coin), some manufacturer is also at the pitch-dark coating of serviceability extreme difference.
Therefore, flat-plate solar collector (especially China) also has and significantly improves and the space of improving, and key is to improve collecting efficiency and reduces heat loss coefficient.Because the absorptivity size of selective coating has determined the collecting efficiency of whole heat collector, its emissivity has then determined the height of heat loss coefficient, thereby topmost improvement approach is exactly to improve the sunshine absorptivity of selective coating absorber plate and reduce infrared emittance.
Yet, because existing technological approaches is to wish to realize for the high-absorbility of sunshine and the low-launch-rate of medium-wave infrared at same material system, need to the same material system optimized simultaneously this aspect two performance be current whole domestic and international industrial circle all in the direction of making great efforts, also aspect cost and the weather resisteant requirement that cost is low as far as possible, weather resisteant is good is being proposed whole material system simultaneously.This patent patent is exactly to have proposed a kind of new solution route for these problems.
Summary of the invention
Can't absorb the deficiency that solar energy and absorptivity and emissivity can't reach the best simultaneously fully for existing flat-plate solar collector technology and product, this patent discloses and a kind ofly can absorb solar energy fully based on absorbing particles, and with infrared low emission and two kinds of flat-plate solar collector structures that key function is separated of the high absorption of solar energy, the two can accomplish respectively the best.Therefore can solve well existing crucial absorbed layer and can't take into account the difficult problem of high absorption and low emission function, when improving solar energy heating efficient, reduce radiation loss, reach the purpose of at utmost utilizing solar energy.
The technical scheme that realizes this patent purpose is a kind of new flat-plate solar collector structure and absorber, it is characterized in that comprising structure as shown in Figure 1, formed by frame 1, thermal insulation layer 2, working media 3, metal substrate 4, absorption fluids 5 and hollow module or low Radiation Module 6 successively to top layer from bottom.Thermal insulation layer 2 is positioned at the heat collector bottom; What its upper strata coated is copper medium tube and the dielectric cavity of splendid attire working media 3, and medium tube and dielectric cavity are then laid the reverse side that is welded in metal substrate 4; In the cavity of absorption fluids 6 splendid attires between lower floor's glass 61 of metal substrate 4 and hollow module or low Radiation Module 6; Hollow module or low Radiation Module 6 are positioned at the superiors of heat collector; Total is fixed as one by draw-in groove and screw by frame 1.
The material of described thermal insulation layer 2 is rock wool, mineral wool, polyurethane, polystyrene, aeroge or phenol formaldehyde foam.
Described working media 3 is heat-conducting fluids of water, anti-icing fluid or oils.
Described metal substrate 4 adopts Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni metal, or their alloy and combination, its combination can be to be coated with another kind of metal film on a kind of metal substrate therein, preferably, take the low Al of cost as substrate, the low Cu of infrared emittance as substrate or cost and infrared emittance all the lower upper plating of Al Cu film as substrate.
Described absorption fluids 5 is comprised of particle and the fluid that can absorb whole solar energy spectral coverage energy.The hybrid particles that described particle adopts several particles that absorb the sunshine different spectral coverage to be combined to form, absorptivity can reach 100%; Described fluid adopts oils, sugar juice or salting liquid, also can adopt the mixed liquor of these liquid.The particle that wherein, can absorb solar energy spectral coverage energy comprises gold grain, silver-colored particle, copper particle, SiO
2The single of particle, nano magnetic particle plants or mixing sunshine absorbing particles, and be preferred, adopts the hybrid particles that is combined to form by several particles that absorb the sunshine different spectral coverage; Described fluid comprises sugar juice, polystyrene, benzene, glycerine, turpentine oil, olive oil, carbon tetrachloride and various salting liquid, or the mixed liquor of these solution, and is preferred, with 80% sugar juice and glycerine as fluid.
Described hollow module from bottom to top successively by glass 61, be positioned at the hollow layer 63 of 61 tops, the sealing strip 62 of support hollow layer 63, and formed by the upper strata glass 64 that is positioned at the hollow layer top that sealing strip connects; Wherein low Radiation Module 6 from bottom to top successively by glass 61, be deposited on low-emissivity film 62 on 61, be positioned at the hollow layer 64 of 62 tops, the sealing strip 63 of support hollow layer 64, and formed by the upper strata glass 65 that is positioned at the hollow layer top that sealing strip connects.
The basic functional principle of the disclosed flat-plate solar collector structure of this patent is: sunlight incides on the absorption fluids 5 by low Radiation Module 6, be absorbed and be converted into heat after fluid 5 all absorbs, the metal substrate 4 good by thermal conductivity is passed to working media 3 with heat, with working media 3 heating, and by working media 3 heat is taken away to heat exchanger and to be carried out cycle heat exchange, thereby reach the purpose of solar thermal utilization.
For the solar water heater that this patent heat collector one of is used, working media 3 is taken away heat to the heat exchanger of heat storage water tank and is carried out cycle heat exchange, and the heating of the water in the water tank is used the most at last.Because thermal insulation layer 2 is arranged at the absorption fluids 5 that temperature is the highest in the flat-plate solar collector during work and the bottom of working media 3, prevent that heat is by bottom escape loss; The glass of poor thermal conductivity and the low Radiation Module 6 of hollow are arranged at top, have prevented conduction and the radiation loss of heat by top, greatly reduce the heat loss coefficient of product.
Described thermal insulation layer 2 adopts good heat insulating, i.e. the little material of thermal conductivity, and not yielding or volatilization does not produce toxic gas, does not absorb, and usually requires thermal conductivity to be not more than 0.06W/ (m* ℃).Preferably, described thermal insulation layer is that polyurethane plate is combined the thermal insulation layer that forms with blowing agent.
Described working media 3 is heat-conducting fluid, preferably, described working media is anti-icing fluid, can use pump to drive anti-icing fluid cycle heat exchange between the heat exchanger of flat-plate solar collector and heat storage water tank, freezing and freezing problem of water in the flat-plate solar collector can be fundamentally solved like this, the problem of water fouling in the flat-plate solar collector can be eliminated simultaneously.
Described metal substrate 4 can adopt single metal of planting for being coated with the substrate of absorbing film, also can adopt alloy or the combination of various metals, and its combination is to be coated with another kind of metal film on a kind of metal substrate therein.Adopt various good heat conductivity metals, such as Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni metal, their alloy or mutual the combination as substrate.Preferably, take the low Al of cost as substrate.
Described absorption fluids 5 is for to contain the fluid that can absorb solar energy spectral coverage energetic particles, and wherein the sunshine absorbing particles comprises gold grain, silver-colored particle, copper particle, SiO
2Particle, nano magnetic particle etc. are single plants or hybrid particles.Wherein, the absorption spectra of different size Ag nano particle as shown in Figure 2, as can be seen from Figure, the absorption peak of different size Ag nano particle is different.The absorption spectra of pure Ag, pure Au and different proportioning Au-Ag composite nanometer particles as shown in Figure 3, as can be seen from the figure, the absworption peak significant difference of different Au-Ag ratio composite nanometer particles, therefore, can regulate sun Optical Absorption by proportioning and the size of regulating different nano materials, so that the energy of whole sunshine spectral coverage all absorbs by nano particle, thereby reach the purpose that absorbs solar energy fully.Preferably, adopt the hybrid particles that is combined to form by several particles that absorb the sunshine different spectral coverage, absorptivity can near 100%, absorb solar energy fully.Described fluid, the glass 61 on its refractive index and upper strata approaches, thereby so that incide the solar energy of absorption fluids 5 and be reflected back as few as possible, reaches the purpose that takes full advantage of solar energy.Described fluid comprises common sugar juice, polystyrene, benzene, glycerine, turpentine oil, olive oil, carbon tetrachloride etc.Preferably, with 80% inexpensive, nontoxic sugar juice (refractive index 1.490) and glycerine (1.4730).
Described coated glass 61 is for being coated with simple glass, building glass or the float glass of low transmitting film 62, and thickness is 2～20mm.Preferably, with the good float glass of surface smoothness as coated glass.
Described low transmitting film 62 is in order to prevent that the solar energy that flat-plate solar collector is collected by absorbing film 5 from escaping with the form of radiation, to reduce the heat loss coefficient of whole heat collector, improve efficiency of utilization, can adopt low radiation monofilm or multilayer complex films, such as single silverskin system, two silverskin system and three silverskin system.Preferably, with emissivity can be less than 5%, lower-cost single silverskin system is coated on the coated glass 61 as low transmitting film.
Described sealing strip 63 is weather-proof sealing strips.
Described hollow layer 64 is sealed in the hollow layer between coated glass 61 and the upper strata glass 65, comprises the inert gases such as air, nitrogen and argon gas, also can be evacuated; Its effect mainly contains two aspects: the low transmitting film that 1) is coated with on the protection coated glass 61, avoid its oxidation or sex change; 2) play effect heat insulation and the reduction heat loss.Preferably, hollow layer can be evacuated, with the heat loss coefficient of the whole heat collector of remarkable reduction.
Described upper strata glass 65 materials can be identical with coated glass 61, also can be different; Thickness can be identical with coated glass 61, also can be different, its thickness guarantee under the prerequisite of sufficient intensity thin as far as possible, to improve the light transmittance of sunlight.Preferably, upper strata glass 65 adopts safety glass, when guaranteeing transmitance, and the security that improves whole solar thermal collector.
The calculated results based on this patent collector structure shows, when the thermal conductivity of thermal insulation layer is that vacuum layer (perhaps being inert gas or the air) thickness that the thickness of 0.005W/ (m* ℃), glass 61 and 65 is 4mm, intermediate seal is 16mm or 20mm, solar energy irradiation earth power is 1000W/m
2When (this numerical value is generally taked in the solar cell analog computation), suppose that irradiation all arrives absorbed layer, the absorptivity of absorption fluids 5 is 100%, then emptyly burns temperature with the variation of emissivity as shown in Figure 4.When emissivity is 0.01, the empty high temperature solar heat utilization that temperature can be up to 503 ℃ (T〉400 ℃) zone of burning, this kind flat-plate solar collector can directly be used for generating, and its structure is simple more than existing light heat generator, and cost is also much lower; When emissivity increased gradually, the empty temperature of burning descended rapidly, tends towards stability at last.When emissivity less than 0.025 the time, the empty temperature of burning all is in high temperature solar heat utilization zone more than 400 ℃.When emissivity was between 0.025～0.10, the empty temperature of burning still was in 397 ℃～250 ℃ middle temperature solar heat utilization (400 ℃〉T〉100 ℃) zone, and efficient is very high.If for the low-temperature solar energy heat utilization of common solar water heater (T＜100 ℃), then also much lower to the requirement of emissivity, therefore wide, the cost of optional material ranges can significantly descend.Therefore, the novel heat collector structure that adopts this patent to propose, the performance indications requirement that can exceed easily the low-temperature solar energy heat utilization, reach the performance indications of middle temperature solar heat utilization, significantly reduce restriction and requirement to material, thereby so that carrying the high performance while, reduce cost.Even can be applied directly to high temperature solar heat utilization field, highly beneficial for improving flat-plate solar collector performance, reduction cost, expanded application field and enlarging market.
Consider the energy transmitance of practical structures, (namely only have 600W/m to only have 60% solar energy
2Irradiation) can arrive absorption fluids 5 and calculate, emptyly burn temperature with the variation of emissivity as shown in Figure 5.When emissivity increased gradually, the empty temperature of burning descended rapidly, tends towards stability at last.When the emissivity of low transmitter module 6 was 0.01, the empty temperature of burning can reach 357 ℃ middle temperature solar heat utilization; As long as the emissivity of low-launch-rate module 6 less than 0.022, all can make the empty temperature of burning above 300 ℃.Emissivity is between 0.022～0.10 the time, emptyly burns the zone (184 ℃＜T＜300 ℃) that temperature still can reach middle temperature solar heat utilization.Therefore, the novel heat collector structure that adopts this patent to propose, the performance indications requirement that can exceed easily the low-temperature solar energy heat utilization, reach the performance indications of middle temperature solar heat utilization, significantly reduce restriction and requirement to material, thereby so that carrying the high performance while, reduce cost, highly beneficial for improving flat-plate solar collector performance, reduction cost, expanded application field and enlarging market.
Adopted technique scheme, this patent has following positive effect:
(1) compared to existing flat-plate solar collector structure, this patent is separated design with high the absorption with two kinds of key functions of infrared low emission of sunshine, can accomplish respectively the best, solved well and had the difficult problem that on the same material system, can't take into account high absorption and low emission function now, can obtain simultaneously the flat-plate solar collector of high absorption and low radiation, absorptivity and emissivity reach respectively 100% and 1%, significantly improve collecting efficiency and the heat loss coefficient of flat-plate solar collector.
(2) since absorptivity and emissivity can independent design, The Gift of Being the Best You Can Be respectively, therefore the efficiency of utilization of heat collector significantly improves, temperature is burnt in high-altitude can be above 500 ℃, be suitable for various high, medium and low temperature solar heat utilizations, even can be directly used in generating, greatly expanded the scope of application of flat-plate solar collector.
(3) owing to adopted composite solar light absorption particle so that the absorptivity of absorption fluids reaches 100%, can significantly improve on the one hand the collecting efficiency of heat collector, significantly reduced on the other hand the requirement of whole heat collector emissivity, flexibility and the range of choice of product design have greatly been increased, can for the corresponding material of concrete Market Selection and structure, be conducive to reduce cost.
Description of drawings
The disclosed high-efficient flat-plate solar thermal collector of accompanying drawing 1 this patent structural representation;
Attached number in the figure is:
1, frame;
2, thermal insulation layer;
3, working media;
4, metal substrate;
5, absorption fluids;
6, low Radiation Module;
61, coated glass;
62, low transmitting film;
63, sealing strip;
64, hollow layer;
65, upper strata glass.
The absorption spectra of accompanying drawing 2 different size Ag nano particles.
The absorption spectra of accompanying drawing 3 pure Ag, pure Au and different proportioning Au-Ag composite nanometer particles.
Accompanying drawing 4 hypothesis 1000W/m
2When irradiation can all arrive heat-sink shell, in the different emissivity situations, the empty temperature of burning was with the change curve of emissivity.
Accompanying drawing 5 hypothesis 1000W/m
2When irradiation only had 60% can arrive heat-sink shell, in the different emissivity situations, the empty temperature of burning was with the change curve of emissivity.
The disclosed high-efficient flat-plate solar thermal collector of accompanying drawing 6 this patents structural representation;
Attached number in the figure is:
1, frame;
2, thermal insulation layer;
3, working media;
4, metal substrate;
5, absorption fluids;
6, hollow module;
61, lower floor's glass;
62, sealing strip;
63, hollow layer;
64, upper strata glass.
The specific embodiment
For the content, technical scheme and the advantage that make this patent is clearer, further set forth this patent below in conjunction with specific embodiment, these embodiment only are used for the explanation this patent, but this patent is not limited only to following examples.Elaborate below in conjunction with the specific embodiment of accompanying drawing to this patent:
Embodiment 1: the empty temperature of burning is in the flat-plate solar collector structure of low-temperature solar energy heat utilization scope
The described flat-plate solar collector structure of present embodiment is comprised of frame 1, thermal insulation layer 2, working media 3, metal substrate 4, absorption fluids 5 and hollow module 6 to top layer successively from bottom as shown in Figure 6.Thermal insulation layer 2 is positioned at the heat collector bottom; What its upper strata coated is copper medium tube and the dielectric cavity of splendid attire working media 3, and medium tube and dielectric cavity are then laid the reverse side that is welded in metal substrate 4; In the cavity of absorption fluids 6 splendid attires between lower floor's glass 61 of metal substrate 4 and hollow module or low Radiation Module 6; Hollow module 6 is positioned at the superiors of heat collector; Total is fixed in one by frame 1.
Described thermal insulation layer 2 is that polyurethane plate is combined the thermal insulation layer that forms with blowing agent.
Described working media 3 is antifreeze conductive fluid, can fundamentally solve freezing and freezing problem of water in the flat-plate solar collector, eliminates simultaneously the problem of water fouling in the flat-plate solar collector.
Described metal substrate 4 is for being coated with the substrate of absorbing film, and present embodiment adopts the low Al substrate of cost.
Described absorption fluids 5 is for to contain the fluid that can absorb solar energy spectral coverage energetic particles, and wherein the sunshine absorbing particles is silver-colored particle, copper particle, SiO
2Hybrid particles, absorptivity reaches 95%.Described fluid, the glass 61 on its refractive index and upper strata approaches, thereby so that incide the solar energy of absorption fluids 5 and be reflected back as few as possible, reaches the purpose that takes full advantage of solar energy.Described fluid is inexpensive, nontoxic 80% sugar juice (refractive index 1.490).
Described lower floor glass 61 is the thick float glass of 4mm.
Described sealing strip 62 is weather-proof sealing strips.
Described hollow layer 63 is sealed in the air layer between lower floor's glass 61 and the upper strata glass 64.
Described upper strata glass 64 is the thick float glass of 4mm.
The theoretical empty temperature of burning that see through to arrive absorbed layer based on above-mentioned collector structure parameter, energy take 60% is 156 ℃.
The flat-plate solar collector of present embodiment is applicable in the daily solar water heater of low-temperature solar energy heat utilization fully.
Embodiment 2: the empty temperature of burning is in the flat-plate solar collector structure of middle temperature solar heat utilization scope
The described flat-plate solar collector structure of present embodiment is comprised of frame 1, thermal insulation layer 2, working media 3, metal substrate 4, absorption fluids 5 and low Radiation Module 6 to top layer successively from bottom as shown in Figure 1.Thermal insulation layer 2 is positioned at the heat collector bottom; What its upper strata coated is copper medium tube and the dielectric cavity of splendid attire working media 3, and medium tube and dielectric cavity are then laid the reverse side that is welded in metal substrate 4; In the cavity of absorption fluids 6 splendid attires between lower floor's glass 61 of metal substrate 4 and hollow module or low Radiation Module 6; Low Radiation Module 6 is positioned at the superiors of heat collector; Total is fixed in one by frame 1.
Described thermal insulation layer 2 is that polyurethane plate is combined the thermal insulation layer that forms with blowing agent.
Described working media 3 is antifreeze conductive fluid, can fundamentally solve freezing and freezing problem of water in the flat-plate solar collector, eliminates simultaneously the problem of water fouling in the flat-plate solar collector.
Described metal substrate 4 is for being coated with the substrate of absorbing film, and present embodiment adopts the low Al substrate of cost.
Described absorption fluids 5 is for to contain the fluid that can absorb solar energy spectral coverage energetic particles, and wherein the sunshine absorbing particles is gold grain, copper particle, SiO
2Hybrid particles, absorptivity reaches 98%.Described fluid, the glass 61 on its refractive index and upper strata approaches, thereby so that incide the solar energy of absorption fluids 5 and be reflected back as few as possible, reaches the purpose that takes full advantage of solar energy.Described fluid is inexpensive, nontoxic glycerine (refractive index 1.4730).
Described coated glass 61 is the thick float glass of 4mm.
Described low transmitting film 62 be take emissivity as 6%, the single silverskin system of better performances is coated on the coated glass 61 as low transmitting film, film structure is Glass/ZnO/Ag/ZnO/Si
3N
4
Described sealing strip 63 is weather-proof sealing strips.
Described hollow layer 64 is sealed in the blanket of nitrogen between coated glass 61 and the upper strata glass 65.
Described upper strata glass 65 is the thick float glass of 4mm.
The theoretical empty temperature of burning that see through to arrive absorbed layer based on above-mentioned collector structure parameter, energy take 60% is 218 ℃.
The flat-plate solar collector of present embodiment is applicable in the daily solar thermal collector of middle temperature solar heat utilization fully.
Embodiment 3: the empty temperature of burning is in the flat-plate solar collector structure of middle temperature solar heat utilization scope
The described flat-plate solar collector structure of present embodiment is comprised of frame 1, thermal insulation layer 2, working media 3, metal substrate 4, absorption fluids 5 and low Radiation Module 6 to top layer successively from bottom as shown in Figure 1.Thermal insulation layer 2 is positioned at the heat collector bottom; What its upper strata coated is copper medium tube and the dielectric cavity of splendid attire working media 3, and medium tube and dielectric cavity are then laid the reverse side that is welded in metal substrate 4; In the cavity of absorption fluids 6 splendid attires between lower floor's glass 61 of metal substrate 4 and hollow module or low Radiation Module 6; Low Radiation Module 6 is positioned at the superiors of heat collector; Total is fixed in one by frame 1.
Described thermal insulation layer 2 is that polyurethane plate is combined the thermal insulation layer that forms with blowing agent.
Described working media 3 is antifreeze conductive fluid, can fundamentally solve freezing and freezing problem of water in the flat-plate solar collector, eliminates simultaneously the problem of water fouling in the flat-plate solar collector.
Described metal substrate 4 is for being coated with the substrate of absorbing film, and present embodiment adopts the low Al substrate of cost.
Described absorption fluids 5 is for containing the fluid that can absorb solar energy spectral coverage energetic particles, and wherein the sunshine absorbing particles is that gold grain, silver-colored particle, copper particle mix, and absorptivity reaches 100%.Described fluid, the glass 61 on its refractive index and upper strata approaches, thereby so that incide the solar energy of absorption fluids 5 and be reflected back as few as possible, reaches the purpose that takes full advantage of solar energy.Described fluid is inexpensive, nontoxic glycerine (refractive index 1.4730).
Described coated glass 61 is the thick float glass of 8mm.
Described low transmitting film 62 be take emissivity as 1%, single silverskin system that performance is good is coated on the coated glass 61 as low transmitting film, film structure is Glass/ZnO/Ag/ZnO/Si
3N
4
Described sealing strip 63 is weather-proof sealing strips.
Described hollow layer 64 is sealed in the vacuum layer between coated glass 61 and the upper strata glass 65.
Described upper strata glass 65 is the thick float glass of 8mm.
The theoretical empty temperature of burning that see through to arrive absorbed layer based on above-mentioned collector structure parameter, energy take 60% is 356 ℃.
The flat-plate solar collector of present embodiment is applicable in the daily solar thermal collector of middle temperature solar heat utilization fully.
Claims (6)
1. plate solar collector based on absorbing particles, be comprised of frame (1), thermal insulation layer (2), working media (3), metal substrate (4), absorption fluids (5) and hollow module or low Radiation Module (6) successively to top layer from bottom, it is characterized in that: described thermal insulation layer (2) is positioned at the heat collector bottom; What its upper strata coated is copper medium tube and the dielectric cavity of splendid attire working media (3), and medium tube and dielectric cavity are then laid the reverse side that is welded in metal substrate (4); In the cavity of absorption fluids (5) splendid attire between lower floor's glass (61) of metal substrate (4) and hollow module or low Radiation Module (6); Hollow module or low Radiation Module (6) are positioned at the superiors of heat collector; Total is fixed as one by frame (1).
2. a kind of plate solar collector based on absorbing particles according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material of described thermal insulation layer (2) is rock wool, mineral wool, polyurethane, polystyrene, aeroge or phenol formaldehyde foam.
3. a kind of plate solar collector based on absorbing particles according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described working media (3) is the heat-conducting fluid of water, anti-icing fluid or oils.
4. a kind of plate solar collector based on absorbing particles according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described absorption fluids (5) is comprised of particle and the fluid that can absorb whole solar energy spectral coverage energy, the hybrid particles that described particle adopts several particles that absorb the sunshine different spectral coverage to be combined to form, absorptivity can reach 100%; Described fluid adopts oils, sugar juice or salting liquid, also can adopt the mixed liquor of these liquid.
5. a kind of plate solar collector based on absorbing particles according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described hollow module is from bottom to top successively by glass (61), the hollow layer (63) that is positioned at glass (61) top, the sealing strip (62) of support hollow layer (63), and is comprised of the upper strata glass (64) that is positioned at the hollow layer top that sealing strip connects.
6. a kind of plate solar collector based on absorbing particles according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described low Radiation Module (6) from bottom to top successively by glass (61), be deposited on low-emissivity film (62) on the glass (61), be positioned at the hollow layer (64) of low-emissivity film (62) top, the sealing strip (63) of support hollow layer (64), and formed by the upper strata glass (65) that is positioned at the hollow layer top that sealing strip connects.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013201424666U CN203249398U (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2013-03-26 | Solar flat plate collector based on absorption particles |
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| CN2013201424666U CN203249398U (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2013-03-26 | Solar flat plate collector based on absorption particles |
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| CN2013100987790A Pending CN103148598A (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2013-03-26 | Absorption-particle-based flat plate solar collector |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103148598A (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2013-06-12 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Absorption-particle-based flat plate solar collector |
| CN104062696A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-24 | 赵小峰 | Reflecting plate and installation structure thereof |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106052159B (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-12-26 | 浙江大学 | A kind of gas-particle two-phase heat exchange heat accumulation type solar thermal collection system and method |
| CN109579319A (en) * | 2019-01-05 | 2019-04-05 | 德州金亨新能源有限公司 | A kind of cold-resistant high-efficient flat-plate type solar thermal collector of low-loss |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2252968Y (en) * | 1996-03-07 | 1997-04-23 | 梁银师 | Plate combination solar warm water appts. |
| CN2602320Y (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2004-02-04 | 唐健正 | Vacuum glass solar collector plate glass heat collection device |
| CN101226011A (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2008-07-23 | 广东工业大学 | Nano black liquor material for direct absorption of solar radiation energy |
| US20110005514A1 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-13 | Alex Nugent | Solar thermal heating utilizing dynamic particle flow balancing |
| CN102575871B (en) * | 2009-10-05 | 2016-02-03 | 亨特道格拉斯有限公司 | Thermal storage equipment |
| CN203249398U (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2013-10-23 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Solar flat plate collector based on absorption particles |
-
2013
- 2013-03-26 CN CN2013201424666U patent/CN203249398U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103148598A (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2013-06-12 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Absorption-particle-based flat plate solar collector |
| CN104062696A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-24 | 赵小峰 | Reflecting plate and installation structure thereof |
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| CN103148598A (en) | 2013-06-12 |
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