CN209982429U

CN209982429U - Photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated device

Info

Publication number: CN209982429U
Application number: CN201920430074.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘阳
Original assignee: BEIJING ZHAOYANG ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Current assignee: BEIJING ZHAOYANG ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-04-01
Filing date: 2019-04-01
Publication date: 2020-01-21
Anticipated expiration: 2029-04-01

Abstract

The utility model relates to a photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device, which comprises a light gathering device, a photovoltaic cell unit and a first channel arranged at the back of the photovoltaic cell unit, and is characterized by also comprising a heat absorption and light filtration combined structure and/or a heat absorption and reflection combined structure; the heat absorption and light filtering combined structure comprises a transparent shell, and a cavity of the transparent shell is a second channel; the endothermic and reflective combined structure comprises an endothermic and reflective structure and a third channel arranged on the back; the converged solar rays are incident to the photovoltaic cell unit after passing through the wavelength light splitting device to realize photovoltaic power generation. The device carries out comprehensive high-efficient utilization of the sunlight that assembles by the sub-band, can high-efficiently output electric energy and high temperature hot water, and low cost is fit for extensive popularization and application.

Description

Photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a solar photovoltaic power generation technique and solar photothermal utilize the technique, especially relate to a photovoltaic light and heat integrated device.

Background

In the prior art, a cell of a conventional photovoltaic power generation device only keeps high photoelectric conversion efficiency in a partial sunlight wavelength range, and sunlight is not efficiently utilized to the maximum extent. In the current society, along with the strictness of environmental improvement, the solar photo-thermal utilization demand is larger and larger, so that the photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated device is more and more favored by people.

Patent publication No. CN201020530609.7 provides a focusing prism type photovoltaic power generation device composed of a convex lens, a triangular prism, and a solar cell module, which spatially divides sunlight into a plurality of beams of light having different wavelengths. Patent with publication number CN201710472248 provides a photovoltaic and photothermal integrated component, which utilizes a water lens structure with a light-gathering function at the front to absorb a part of heat, thereby reducing the working temperature of a photovoltaic cell unit and improving the working efficiency of the photovoltaic cell unit. Therefore, the utilization rate of sunlight can be improved by using the sunlight after wavelength splitting is carried out on the sunlight, and the cost is further reduced. Wavelength light splitting devices in the existing patents are all specially designed and manufactured wavelength selective optical elements, so that the cost is high, and the large-scale popularization and use are influenced.

Traditional light and heat integrated device adopts the mode that sets up absorber plate or heat exchange tube at photovoltaic cell unit back to dispel the heat to the panel in work usually, can improve photovoltaic cell panel's generating efficiency on the one hand (photovoltaic cell unit's work efficiency and temperature are the inverse ratio, and the temperature is higher, and photovoltaic cell unit's generating efficiency is lower), and on the other hand can export the hot water of lower temperature. However, in order to keep the temperature of the photovoltaic cell from being too high, the device can only output hot water of 40-50 ℃, has low taste, can only meet daily water requirements (vegetable washing, bathing and the like) of residents, and can not meet the requirement of a large amount of heating of residential buildings in the north in winter.

If the solar light of the cell slice in the wave band which can not carry out photovoltaic conversion or has low photovoltaic conversion efficiency is separated, and the energy is converted into heat energy, the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell unit can be greatly reduced, the light which is converged at medium and low times can be received for concentrating power generation, and meanwhile, the energy in the wave band which is separated can further heat the output heat dissipation fluid at the back of the photovoltaic cell unit, so that high-grade hot water is obtained.

In order to solve the problems that the existing photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated device is high in cost, low in power generation efficiency and incapable of outputting high-temperature and high-quality hot water, the existing photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated device is required to be improved so as to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency and promote the popularization of the photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated device.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide a low cost, material source is extensive, and the high integration photovoltaic light and heat integrated device of electricity generation thermal-arrest combined efficiency has optimized traditional photovoltaic light and heat integrated device, adopts the mode of carrying out the sub-band utilization with the sunlight, has carried out the high-efficient utilization of at utmost to the sunlight.

The utility model provides a photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device, which comprises a light gathering device, a photovoltaic cell unit and a first channel arranged at the back of the photovoltaic cell unit, and is characterized by also comprising a heat absorption and light filtration combined structure and/or a heat absorption and reflection combined structure;

furthermore, the heat absorption and light filtering combined structure comprises a transparent shell, wherein a cavity of the transparent shell is a second channel, and the cavity can absorb light energy in partial wave bands of sunlight for heat utilization;

furthermore, the heat absorption and reflection combined structure comprises a heat absorption and reflection structure and a third channel arranged on the back, and when the heat absorption and reflection combined structure reflects light rays, a small part of sunlight can be absorbed for heat utilization;

further, the converged solar rays penetrate through the heat absorption and light filtering combined structure and then enter the photovoltaic cell unit or are reflected by the heat absorption and light filtering combined structure and then enter the photovoltaic cell unit, or the converged solar rays penetrate through the heat absorption and light filtering combined structure and then enter the photovoltaic cell unit after being reflected by the heat absorption and light filtering combined structure;

furthermore, flowing liquid working media are filled in the first channel, the second channel and the third channel, the liquid working media flow through the first channel to cool the photovoltaic unit, and enter one of the second channel and the third channel or are connected in series and combined, and then the temperature is further increased;

preferably, the first channel, the second channel and/or the third channel are connected in parallel or in series, and can be selected according to the use requirements of users, so that the liquid working medium is heated and reused.

The liquid working medium is water or an aqueous solution containing an antifreezing component.

Further, the transparent shell is in a flat plate cavity type or a partial circular ring cavity type or a full circular ring cavity type.

Furthermore, the working medium light transmission thickness formed in the second channel cavity is 2mm-20mm and can be selected according to the use requirement.

Further, the heat absorption reflection structure is a metal sheet or a base structure plated with a metal layer or a metal film.

Preferably, the heat absorption reflection structure is a metal copper sheet or a base structure plated with a metal copper layer or a metal copper film.

Furthermore, the light condensing device is a reflection type light condensing device or a lens type light condensing device, and can condense sunlight at medium and low power.

Preferably, the photovoltaic cell unit is a crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell unit or a cadmium telluride photovoltaic cell unit or a copper indium gallium selenide photovoltaic cell unit.

Preferably, the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device further comprises a heat insulation structure, and the heat dissipation capacity of the liquid working medium is reduced.

Preferably, the heat preservation structure is arranged at the periphery of the first channel and/or the second channel and/or the third channel so as to increase the outlet water temperature of the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device. The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:

the utility model provides a photovoltaic light and heat integrated device compares than traditional photovoltaic light and heat integrated device, and overall efficiency has obtained the optimization, carries out the sub-band utilization with the sunlight that assembles, adopts heat absorption filter and/or heat absorption reflection device to carry out the heat absorption to the energy of the lower wave band of photovoltaic cell unit electricity generation efficiency utilization ratio, makes the temperature of cooling photovoltaic cell further improve, when realizing the generating efficiency promotion, exports high-grade hot water. The utility model discloses a water or contain the water of frostproofing composition as the optical filtering medium, the source is extensive and with low costs. The utility model provides a photovoltaic light and heat integrated device simple structure, the material source is extensive, acquires easily, can high-efficient output electric energy and high temperature hot water, is fit for extensive popularization and application.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 shows different wavelength ranges of sunlight versus energy distribution;

FIG. 2 shows the efficiency curves of different types of photovoltaic cells in different wavelength ranges;

FIG. 3 shows reflectivity curves for different metallic materials for different wavebands;

FIG. 4 shows the absorption of different bands of light by a 1 mm thick layer of water;

FIGS. 5 and 6 are schematic structural diagrams of a flat-plate channel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a flat channel integrated photovoltaic and photothermal device according to another preferred embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device employing an annular channel;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a photothermal integrated device using an annular channel according to another preferred embodiment;

fig. 10 shows a structural schematic diagram of a flat-plate type channel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device added with an insulating layer.

In the figure, 101 is a photovoltaic cell unit, 102 is a transparent shell, 103 is an endothermic reflection structure, 201 is a first channel, 301 is a liquid working medium, 203 is a third channel, and 401 is a thermal insulation structure.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The energy distribution corresponding to different wavelength ranges of sunlight as shown in fig. 1 is: 5% ultraviolet light (300-.

As shown in fig. 2, performance curves of different types of photovoltaic cells in different wavelength ranges are shown, taking a crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell as an example, the photoelectric performance of crystalline silicon in the wavelength range of 500-.

As shown in fig. 3, which is a curve of reflectivity of different metal materials to different wave bands, it can be known from the curve that the reflectivity of copper is higher, and is all more than 96%, in the range of wavelength above 700 nm; and the reflectivity of copper to short-wave light rays below 500nm is low, so that the copper can absorb the sunlight of short wave bands (below 500nm) and reflect the light rays of other wave bands, and the photoelectric conversion effect of the crystalline silicon battery is basically not influenced.

Because various conventional photovoltaic cells including crystalline silicon cells have no photoelectric conversion capability on light rays with wave bands above 1100nm, a device with high light ray absorption rate on the light rays with the wave bands above 1100nm is found, and after the light rays are absorbed and utilized, the transmitted light rays can still effectively carry out photovoltaic power generation.

As shown in fig. 4, the water layer having a thickness of 1 mm has high absorptance for light of different wavelength bands, and the water layer has high absorptance for light of wavelength bands of 1100nm or more and less absorptance for light of wavelength bands of 1100nm or less. Water is used as a heat absorption filter medium to absorb and utilize the wave band more than 1100nm, and the other wave band spectrums are transmitted to carry out photovoltaic power generation, so that the water is the best choice.

According to the response curve of the substances to the sunlight and experimental verification, the inventor finds a conclusion that: water and/or copper materials are used as a light splitting device at the front end of the photocell, the utilization degree of sunlight can be effectively improved, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is improved, meanwhile, an expensive customized wavelength selective optical device is not selected for the design idea, the basic physical property characteristics of common materials with wide sources are utilized, the cost performance is very good, and the photovoltaic cell is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example one

Fig. 5 shows a structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device using a flat plate channel, which includes a light-gathering device, a photovoltaic cell 101, and a first channel 201 disposed at the back of the photovoltaic cell 101, and further includes an endothermic and light-filtering combined structure and/or an endothermic and reflective combined structure; the heat absorption and light filtering combined structure comprises a transparent shell 102, a cavity formed by the transparent shell 102 is a second channel 202, and the light transmission thickness of a working medium formed in the cavity of the second channel 202 is 2mm-20 mm; the endothermic reflective assembly includes an endothermic reflective structure 103 and a back disposed third channel 203. The transparent shell is in a flat plate cavity type or a partial circular ring cavity type or a full circular ring cavity type. Preferably, photovoltaic cell unit 101 is crystal silicon photovoltaic cell unit or cadmium telluride photovoltaic cell unit or copper indium gallium selenide photovoltaic cell unit, light condensing equipment is reflective light condensing equipment or lens formula light condensing equipment, can carry out low-power spotlight with the sunlight, and it should be noted that light condensing equipment is in the utility model discloses do not embody in all the drawings, but when practical application, can adopt reflective light condensing equipment or lens formula light condensing equipment of all forms among the prior art as required.

It should be noted that, the cavity formed by the first channel and the second channel in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention is only shown as a tubular cavity, and in practical application, the present invention further includes but is not limited to a flat cavity, a partial circular cavity, and a full circular cavity.

The first channel 201, the second channel 202 and the third channel 203 are filled with flowing liquid working media 301, and the liquid working media 301 are water or water solution containing anti-freezing components; the transparent shell 102 is preferably made of glass, and has high transmittance; the transparent shell 102 is in a flat cavity type; the photovoltaic cell 101 is preferably a crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell. The first channel 201, the second channel and/or the third channel 203 are connected in parallel or in series

The photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device in this embodiment divides the converged sunlight into 3 bands for utilization. Firstly, sunlight collected by a light collecting device penetrates through the heat absorption and light filtering combined structure, most of the spectrum with the wave band of more than 1100nm is absorbed by a liquid working medium 301 in a second channel 202 in the heat absorption and light filtering combined structure, and the spectrum is converted into heat which is taken away by a water working medium; and secondly, further irradiating the light penetrating through the heat absorption and light filtering combined structure onto the heat absorption and reflection combined structure, and reflecting the light by the heat absorption and reflection combined structure and then irradiating the light to the photovoltaic cell unit 101 to realize photovoltaic power generation. Wherein the heat absorption reflection structure 103 is a metal sheet or a base structure plated with a metal layer or a metal film. Preferably, the heat absorption reflection structure 103 is a metal copper sheet or a base structure or a metal copper film plated with a metal copper layer, and in this embodiment, the base structure plated with a metal copper layer is preferred, the heat absorption reflection structure 103 further reflects light in a wavelength band of 700-1100nm, and absorbs heat of light in a wavelength band below 700nm, and the heat is taken away by the liquid working medium 301 in the third channel 203; thirdly, the light reflected by the heat absorption reflection structure 103 reaches the photovoltaic cell unit 101, the photovoltaic cell unit 101 efficiently converts the light energy within the wavelength range of 700-1100nm into electric energy, and the rest of a small amount of energy is absorbed by the photovoltaic cell unit 101 and converted into heat energy to be carried away by the water medium in the first channel 201.

In this way, preferably, the water medium firstly flows through the first channel 201 to cool the photovoltaic cell unit 101, and the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell unit 101 is controlled to ensure stable power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell unit 101, and then the water medium sequentially enters the third channel 203 and the second channel to be connected in series and combined to form high-quality hot water for users to use.

Fig. 6 shows another structural form of the flat-plate channel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device, the heat absorption and reflection combined structure in fig. 1 is eliminated, other structures are not changed, and the working principle is similar. After the temperature of the water working medium is preferentially raised through the first channel 201, the water working medium directly enters the second channel 202 for further temperature raising, and finally high-quality hot water is output. The embodiment is more simplified, the energy of the converged sunlight is divided into two wave bands, the two wave bands are respectively and efficiently utilized, and the beneficial effects similar to those of the embodiment shown in the figure 1 can also be achieved.

Example two

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a flat channel integrated photovoltaic and photothermal device according to another preferred embodiment; in this embodiment, similar to fig. 5 in the first embodiment, the converged sunlight is divided into 3 bands, the sunlight converged by the light condensing device sequentially passes through the heat absorption reflection combined structure and the heat absorption filtering combined structure, energy below the sunlight band of 700nm and above the sunlight band of 1100nm is respectively absorbed and converted into heat for utilization, the rest of light reaches the photovoltaic cell unit 101 for power generation, the photovoltaic cell unit efficiently converts energy in the wavelength range of 700nm to 1100nm into electric energy, and the rest of energy is converted into heat for utilization. The first channel 201, the second channel 202 and the third channel 203 are connected in parallel or in series. When the parallel connection mode is adopted, the temperature of the water medium is increased through the first channel 201, the second channel 202 and the third channel 203 respectively, and hot water is output from three different channels; when the series connection mode is adopted, the water working medium sequentially passes through the first channel 201, the second channel 202 and the third channel 203 to be heated, and finally high-quality hot water is output.

It should be noted that, the above embodiment scheme may be simplified to an embodiment in which the converged solar rays are reflected by the heat absorption and reflection combined structure and then enter the photovoltaic cell unit, and the scheme is not described in detail in the application.

EXAMPLE III

As shown in fig. 8, a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device using an annular channel is provided, which includes a light condensing device, a photovoltaic cell 101, and a first channel 201 disposed at the back of the photovoltaic cell, and further includes an endothermic filtering combination structure and an endothermic reflection combination structure; the heat absorption and light filtering combined structure comprises a transparent shell 102, wherein the transparent shell 102 is in a partial circular cavity type, and the partial circular cavity is a second channel 202; the endothermic and reflective combined structure comprises an endothermic and reflective structure 103 and a third channel 203 arranged on the back, wherein the third channel 203 is a partial annular cavity. The photovoltaic cell 101 is, for example, a crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell. An insulation structure 401 is further arranged outside the periphery of the first channel 201 and/or the second channel 202 and/or the third channel 203 of the device in the embodiment to reduce the heat dissipation amount of the liquid working medium 301 in the channels. In this embodiment, the heat insulation structure 401 is only disposed on the periphery of a partial ring of the third channel 203, so as to raise the outlet water temperature of the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device.

Preferably, the second channel 202 and the third channel 203 may be arranged through; further, the second channel 202 and the third channel 203 may be arranged separately, and together form the same circular ring. The thickness of the circular ring is 2mm-20mm, and preferably the thickness of the circular ring is 4 mm. The endothermic and reflective assembly 103 is a metal film, preferably a copper-silver film, and the copper film is disposed on the inner surface of the partial ring of the third channel 203. Preferably, the circular ring is composed of two glass tubes which are coaxially arranged, the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device in the embodiment is simple in structure and cheap in material, the light splitting working principle is the same as that in the first embodiment, and the heat collecting working principle is the same as that in the first embodiment.

Example four

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a photothermal integrated device using an annular channel according to another preferred embodiment; the working principle of the embodiment is similar to that of the third embodiment, the first channel 201, the second channel 202 and the third channel 203 are separately arranged to form a same circular ring, two ends of the photovoltaic cell unit 101 in the width direction are fixedly contacted with the inner wall of the circular ring, the width of the photovoltaic cell unit 101 is smaller than the diameter of the inner circle of the circular ring, the heat absorption and reflection combined structure is a metal film, preferably a metal copper film 103, and is arranged on part of the inner wall of the most of the circular ring split by the photovoltaic cell unit 101, and one end of the metal copper film 103 is arranged close to the photovoltaic cell unit 101. The light splitting working principle of the embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the heat collecting working principle is the same as that of the first embodiment.

EXAMPLE five

Fig. 10 shows a structural schematic diagram of a flat-plate channel photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated device with an added heat insulation structure, similar to the device with only an endothermic and filtering combined structure in the first embodiment, a heat insulation structure 401 is further arranged, the heat insulation structure 401 is arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the second channel 202, and the heat insulation structure 401 may be a vacuum heat insulation structure or any other heat insulation structure with high light transmittance. The working principle of the present embodiment is the same as that of the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device with only the heat absorption and filtering combination structure of the second form in the first embodiment.

It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device comprises a light gathering device, a photovoltaic cell unit and a first channel arranged at the back of the photovoltaic cell unit, and is characterized by further comprising an endothermic and light filtering combined structure and/or an endothermic and reflective combined structure;

the heat absorption and light filtering combined structure comprises a transparent shell, and a cavity of the transparent shell is a second channel;

the endothermic and reflective combined structure comprises an endothermic and reflective structure and a third channel arranged on the back;

the converged solar rays penetrate through the heat absorption and light filtration combined structure and then enter the photovoltaic cell unit or are reflected by the heat absorption and light filtration combined structure and then enter the photovoltaic cell unit, or

The converged solar rays are reflected by the heat absorption and reflection combined structure and then enter the photovoltaic cell unit or penetrate through the heat absorption and light filtering combined structure and then enter the photovoltaic cell unit;

the first channel, the second channel and the third channel are filled with flowing liquid working media.

2. The integrated photovoltaic and photothermal device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid working medium flows through the first channel to absorb heat to cool the photovoltaic cell unit, and enters one of the second channel and the third channel or the combination of the second channel and the third channel in series to absorb heat.

3. The integrated photovoltaic and photothermal device according to claim 1, wherein said first channel, said second channel and/or said third channel are connected in parallel or in series.

4. The integrated photovoltaic and photothermal device according to claim 1, wherein said liquid working medium is water or an aqueous solution containing an anti-freezing component.

5. The integrated photovoltaic and photothermal device according to claim 1, wherein said transparent shell is a flat cavity, a partial ring cavity, or a full ring cavity.

6. The integrated photovoltaic and photothermal device according to claim 1, wherein the working medium formed inside the second channel cavity has a light transmission thickness of 2mm to 20 mm.

7. The integrated photovoltaic and photothermal device according to claim 1, wherein said heat-absorbing and reflecting structure is a metal sheet, a metal-plated base structure or a metal film.

8. The integrated photovoltaic and photothermal device according to claim 7, wherein said heat-absorbing and reflecting structure is a metal copper sheet or a matrix structure plated with a metal copper layer or a metal copper film.

9. The integrated photovoltaic and photothermal device according to claim 1, wherein said light collecting device is a reflective light collecting device or a lens light collecting device.

10. The integrated photovoltaic and photothermal device according to claim 1, wherein said photovoltaic cell is a crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell, or a cadmium telluride photovoltaic cell, or a copper indium gallium selenide photovoltaic cell.

11. The integrated photovoltaic and photothermal device according to claim 1, further comprising a thermal insulation structure.

12. The integrated photovoltaic and photothermal device according to claim 11, wherein said thermal insulation structure is disposed at the periphery of said first channel and/or said second channel and/or said third channel.