CN202092781U - Balanced type active suppression circuit suitable for multi-pixel photon counter - Google Patents
Balanced type active suppression circuit suitable for multi-pixel photon counter Download PDFInfo
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- CN202092781U CN202092781U CN2011201544902U CN201120154490U CN202092781U CN 202092781 U CN202092781 U CN 202092781U CN 2011201544902 U CN2011201544902 U CN 2011201544902U CN 201120154490 U CN201120154490 U CN 201120154490U CN 202092781 U CN202092781 U CN 202092781U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a single-photon detecting technology, in particular to a balanced type active suppression circuit suitable for a multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC), which can be applied to the field of weak light detection such as resolvable photon number detection and the like. The balanced type active suppression circuit comprises an active suppression module and a balanced network, and the active suppression circuit to which time delay is added can completely keep the amplitude information of an avalanche signal; and the balanced network of the active suppression circuit can also effectively eliminate the disturbance of suppression pulses, and therefore, the avalanche signal with photon number information is extracted. The circuit keeps the advantages of high detection rate, continuous detection and the like of a traditional active suppression circuit, overcomes the fatal disadvantage that the traditional active suppression circuit can not realize the resolvable photon number detection, and realizes the high-speed resolvable photon number detection of the MPPC.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of single-photon detecting survey technology, be that a kind of balanced type of many pixels photon counter (MPPC) that is applicable to initiatively suppresses circuit specifically, this circuit can be applied to weak light detection fields such as the distinguishable detection of photon number, can effectively improve detection rate and the efficient of MPPC, reduce afterpulse.
Background technology
Many pixels photon counter (MPPC) is silicon-avalanche photodide (Si APD) array of the bidimensional of a kind of M * N, and these Si APD have common negative electrode and anode output.The voltage breakdown that surpasses them when the bias voltage of Si APD, these Si APD just are operated in the Geiger pattern, at this moment, the charge carrier of single photon excitation can inspire the avalanche current pulse of self-holding property, can be detected by traditional current detection circuit, be many pixels single-photon detector that has M * N Si APD so be operated in the MPPC of Geiger pattern.Because all Si APD have common negative electrode and anode output among the MPPC, when a plurality of photons incide on the different Si APD simultaneously, the final linear superposition output of the avalanche current that these Si APD produce, the snowslide pulse height is directly proportional with the Si APD quantity that self-holding snowslide takes place, so can differentiate the photon number that arrives on the different Si APD by the snowslide pulse height of differentiating MPPC, realize the distinguishable detection of photon number.
The detection circuit that the MPPC needs are special, the self-holding snowslide that produces among the needs inhibition Si APD avoids device to burn out.Owing to require the resolved light subnumber, the passive inhibition circuit of the general employing of MPPC, be that MPPC connects with the big resistance of current limliting, when snowslide takes place in any one or a plurality of Si APD among the MPPC, can produce bigger avalanche current, avalanche current flows through the big resistance of current limliting and forms pressure drop, make the bias voltage that is carried in Si APD two ends reduce, and then suppressed the lasting generation of snowslide, bias voltage is lower than the voltage breakdown of Si APD this moment, the last all Si APD of MPPC leave the Geiger pattern, and therefore MPPC can not survey single photon in process of inhibition.Along with constantly reducing of avalanche current, the pressure drop at big resistance two ends also decreases, and the bias voltage of Si APD returns to the state before the snowslide again, can survey single photon once more.For passive suppression mode, be that junction capacity and the distributed capacitance by big resistance of current limliting and Si APD determined the release time of Si APD, resistance is big more, it is good more that snowslide suppresses effect, but required release time is also of a specified duration more, and the value of resistance is tens of kilohms of magnitudes usually, release time is in the microsecond magnitude, therefore, single photon detection speed is very low under the Passive Mode, is usually less than 1MHz.In addition, in the passive inhibition circuit, because the snowslide longer duration, so the afterpulse effect of Si APD is comparatively serious.
Another kind of detection circuit commonly used is the door model circuit, the moment in that photon arrives, produce a detection door pulse synchronously, and AC coupling is to the negative electrode of Si APD, and the Dc bias that is carried in Si APD two ends simultaneously is less than its voltage breakdown.Under this pattern, gate pulse moment has been improved the bias voltage of Si APD, make it surpass voltage breakdown, therefore only in gate pulse Si APD just be in the Geiger pattern, and other the time Si APD be in the linear probing pattern, do not respond single photon, greatly reduce and calculate mentally digit rate and afterpulse probability.Because the equivalent junction capacitance of Si APD can make the gate pulse of input produce on sample resistance and discharge and recharge pulse, usually be referred to as spike noise, this noise amplitude increases along with the raising of repetition frequency, and snowslide is submerged among the spike noise, need to suppress spike noise, could extract avalanche signal.But door model needs a synchronizing clock signals, is useful in the photon time of arrival of as can be known occasion in advance, is not suitable for the continuous probe to unknown signaling.
Initiatively suppressing circuit can make Si APD be operated in continuous single photon detection pattern, initiatively suppress circuit an external feedback circuit is arranged, the rising edge that utilizes avalanche signal is as trigger pip, produce a potential pulse, then potential pulse feedback is loaded in the Si APD loop, the bias voltage at Si APD two ends is dragged down, make snowslide be inhibited at short notice, and then to Si APD rapid charge, make it return to the single photon detection state rapidly.Owing to introduced quick breaking circuit, make Si APD reduce much with passive circuit relatively release time, improved the detection rate of Si APD single-photon detector, simultaneously, also reduced the afterpulse effect of Si APD.Yet traditional initiatively suppresses circuit when suppressing avalanche current, has also flooded its original snowslide amplitude information, if be applied directly on the MPPC, and can't the resolved light subnumber.Therefore, how to improve speed and the detection efficiency of MPPC, become a technical barrier that needs to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is at above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the balanced type that proposes a kind of suitable MPPC initiatively suppresses circuit, this circuit both kept traditional initiatively suppress circuit detection rate height, can continuous probe etc. advantages, overcome traditional shortcoming that circuit can not be realized the distinguishable detection of photon number that initiatively suppresses again, realized the distinguishable detection of MPPC photon number at a high speed.
The realization of the utility model purpose is finished by following technical scheme:
A kind of balanced type of many pixels photon counter that is applicable to initiatively suppresses circuit, comprise and initiatively suppress module, it is characterized in that this inhibition circuit also comprises balanced network module, described balanced network module is connected in series successively by delay line circuit, difference balancing circuitry and amplifying circuit and constitutes, and wherein saidly initiatively suppresses module and described balancing network is connected in parallel.
The described module that initiatively suppresses is made of delay line circuit, snowslide discriminator circuit, pulse shaping circuit, suppressor pulse generation circuit and recovery pulse-generating circuit, the avalanche signal that described many pixels photon counter produces enters the snowslide discriminator circuit through the delay line circuit, to identify and trigger described pulse shaping circuit again after avalanche signal is converted into digital signal, the pulse signal that produces triggers suppressor pulse simultaneously and produces circuit and recover pulse-generating circuit, wherein, suppressor pulse produces circuit and recovers pulse-generating circuit and is connected in parallel.
Described suppressor pulse produces circuit and is made up of amplifying circuit and beam splitting module, both are connected in series, wherein beam splitting module is divided into two-way with suppressor pulse, one the tunnel offers MPPC is used to suppress avalanche process, another road offers described balancing network, is used for the suppressor pulse composition that the balance avalanche signal exists.
Described recovery pulse-generating circuit is by shaping circuit and pulls down switch and be composed in series that wherein shaping circuit is used to produce a very narrow recovery pulse, in order to the closure that control pulls down switch, makes MPPC to charge rapidly.
The utility model has the advantages that on tradition initiatively suppresses the basis of circuit and added time-delay and balancing network, make the snowslide pulse information that carries photon number information be able to complete reservation.As shown in Figure 2, the curve of grey is an avalanche signal, and according to incident light subnumber difference, the avalanche signal amplitude of its generation is also different.Because various snowslide amplitudes to the asynchronism(-nization) of peaking, in order to allow MPPC keep the amplitude information of snowslide pulse, must be introduced time-delay, make time that suppressor pulse loads at the negative edge of snowslide pulse, keep the amplitude information of snowslide pulse.In addition, because the amplitude of suppressor pulse far above the amplitude of avalanche signal, when extracting avalanche signal, need be used the mode of balance, difference is offset the interference that is blended in the suppressor pulse on the avalanche signal.Used herein is that balancing network is finished this work, by means of such balanced type initiatively suppress circuit, the potentiality that can fully excavate the distinguishable counter of the novel photon number of MPPC realize the distinguishable detection of photon number at a high speed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. system construction drawing of the present utility model;
Fig. 2. the synoptic diagram of the signal of MPPC anode;
Fig. 3. practical circuit figure of the present utility model.
Embodiment
The utility model feature and other correlated characteristic are described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, so that technician's of the same trade understanding:
The module that initiatively suppresses of the present utility model, it comprises that delay line circuit, snowslide discriminator circuit, pulse shaping circuit, suppressor pulse produce circuit and recover pulse-generating circuit.After the avalanche signal that MPPC produces is introduced certain time-delay through the delay line circuit, enter the snowslide discriminator circuit, this circuit can identify avalanche signal from the system background electrical noise, trigger shaping circuit again after avalanche signal is converted into digital signal, produce the pulse signal that a width is about 10ns, produce circuit and recover pulse-generating circuit in order to trigger suppressor pulse.Wherein, suppressor pulse is used for raising rapidly the current potential of MPPC anode after snowslide takes place MPPC, and just the bias voltage with the MPPC two ends drags down, thereby suppresses snowslide.By recovering pulse moment anode and ground short circuit, finish rapid charge then, make MPPC return to the state of single photon detection rapidly MPPC with MPPC.
Balanced network module of the present utility model, it comprises delay line circuit, difference balancing circuitry and amplifying circuit.The avalanche signal that MPPC produces is mixing suppressor pulse by delay line circuit adjustment time-delay, make it consistent with the time that the suppressor pulse that initiatively suppresses the module generation arrives difference channel, can balance out suppressor pulse by the difference balancing circuitry, thereby extract pure avalanche signal
The utility model feature and other correlated characteristics are described in further detail by example below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, so that technician of the same trade understands:
The system chart of present embodiment as shown in Figure 1, circuit diagram as shown in Figure 3, it by the MPPC biasing circuit, initiatively suppress module and become with the balance group of networks.
In this system, the MPPC biasing circuit is by MPPC and dc offset voltage V
BiasAnd current-limiting resistance R1, sample resistance R2 be composed in series, wherein dc bias source V
BiasBe about 50V, current-limiting resistance R1 is about 10 kilo-ohms.
Initiatively suppress module and differentiate that by delay line Delay Line 1, snowslide comparer U1, shaping circuit U2, suppressor pulse produce circuit U 4 and PS2, recovery pulse-generating circuit U3 and Q1 and form.The avalanche signal that is produced by MPPC passes through delay line Delay Line 1, after reaching maximum with the avalanche current pulse of guaranteeing MPPC, trigger snowslide again and differentiate comparer U1, this delay circuit has guaranteed that avalanche signal can just not produce and just has been suppressed pulse and floods, kept the integrality of avalanche signal.The reverse input end datum of this comparer is controlled by outside precision voltage source, is arranged on the system background electrical noise amplitude.It is control signal about 10ns that the avalanche signal that identifies is shaped to pulsewidth by shaping circuit U2, be used to trigger suppressor pulse and recover pulse-generating circuit, wherein suppressor pulse is to produce a width by high speed amplifier U4 to be about 10ns, the pulse of amplitude 7V, and be divided into equal two-way by power divider PS2, one the tunnel flows to MPPC as suppressor pulse, and another road offers balancing network and carries out noise as common-mode signal and disappear mutually.Recovering pulse-generating circuit is to utilize the inverse output terminal signal of U2 to do triggering, then be shaped to the recovery pulse of the about 3ns of pulsewidth, the recovery pulse follows hard on the negative edge of suppressor pulse and produces, be used for suppressing rapidly the MPPC anode to be pulled low to zero potential after the snowslide at MPPC, make the voltage difference at MPPC two ends return to more than the voltage breakdown, to the MPPC charging, can return to the state of surveying single photon once more at once to guarantee MPPC rapidly, this is the key that improves detection rate.
Balancing network is made up of delay line Delay Line 2 and differential operational amplifier U5.Wherein, the mistiming of delay line Delay Line 2 compensation two paths of signals, make suppressor pulse composition in the signal of power splitter PS1 output, arrive U5 simultaneously with the suppressor pulse of PS2 output.By regulating the adjustable resistance R15 of U5 input end, transfer to the amplitude of two-way suppressor pulse signal equal.Therefore, U5 can bring into play its maximum common-mode signal and suppress ability, offsets the suppressor pulse composition in the MPPC anode, thereby extracts the avalanche signal that comprises photon number information.
Present embodiment utilizes the novel circuit complex equilibrium network that initiatively suppresses, not only utilize initiatively inhibition technology, each Si APD among the MPPC has been realized that quick snowslide suppresses, recover the single photon detection ability of Si APD rapidly, and can avoid the influence of suppressor pulse team snowslide pulse, offset the interference of suppressor pulse by balancing network, make the final output of MPPC comprise the avalanche signal of photon number information, realized the distinguishable detection of photon number at a high speed the output signal of MPPC.
The components and parts that use can followingly be selected:
R1:?10k R2:?50 R3:?22
R4: adjustable resistance R5:75 R6:75
R7:?100 R8:?390 R9:?390
R10:?390 R11:?390 R12:?100
R13:287 R14:1.14k R15: adjustable resistance
R16:?1k R17:?25 R18:?1k
R19:?100 R20:?1k R21:?1k
C1:?10uF C2:?0.1uF C3:?0.01uF
C4:?10uF C5:?0.1uF C6:?0.01uF
C7:?10uF C8:?0.1uF C9:?0.01uF
C10:?0.1uF C11:?30pF C12:?10pF
C13:?100pF C14:?100pF?C15:?100pF
MPPC:?S10362-11
D1:?BAS125
Q1:?BFG591
PS1、PS2:?ZFRSC-42-S+
U1:?ADCMP572 U2:?MC10EL31D
U3:?MC10EL31D U4:?THS3201
U5:?AD8351。
Claims (4)
1. a balanced type that is applicable to many pixels photon counter initiatively suppresses circuit, comprise and initiatively suppress module, it is characterized in that this inhibition circuit also comprises balanced network module, described balanced network module is connected in series successively by delay line circuit, difference balancing circuitry and amplifying circuit and constitutes, and wherein saidly initiatively suppresses module and described balancing network is connected in parallel.
2. a kind of balanced type of many pixels photon counter that is applicable to according to claim 1 initiatively suppresses circuit, it is characterized in that the described module that initiatively suppresses is by the delay line circuit, the snowslide discriminator circuit, pulse shaping circuit, suppressor pulse produces circuit and recovers pulse-generating circuit and constitutes, the avalanche signal that described many pixels photon counter produces enters the snowslide discriminator circuit through the delay line circuit, to identify and trigger described pulse shaping circuit again after avalanche signal is converted into digital signal, the pulse signal that produces triggers suppressor pulse simultaneously and produces circuit and recover pulse-generating circuit, wherein, suppressor pulse produces circuit and recovers pulse-generating circuit and is connected in parallel.
3. a kind of balanced type of many pixels photon counter that is applicable to according to claim 2 initiatively suppresses circuit, it is characterized in that described suppressor pulse produces circuit and is made up of amplifying circuit and beam splitting module, both are connected in series, wherein beam splitting module is divided into two-way with suppressor pulse, one the tunnel offers MPPC is used to suppress avalanche process, another road offers described balancing network, is used for the suppressor pulse composition that the balance avalanche signal exists.
4. a kind of balanced type of many pixels photon counter that is applicable to according to claim 2 initiatively suppresses circuit, it is characterized in that described recovery pulse-generating circuit is by shaping circuit and pulls down switch and be composed in series, wherein shaping circuit is used to produce a very narrow recovery pulse, in order to the closure that control pulls down switch, make MPPC to charge rapidly.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011201544902U CN202092781U (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2011-05-16 | Balanced type active suppression circuit suitable for multi-pixel photon counter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011201544902U CN202092781U (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2011-05-16 | Balanced type active suppression circuit suitable for multi-pixel photon counter |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103487148A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-01 | 西安理工大学 | Single-photon detection suppression circuit based on rapid current induction |
| CN113138019A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-20 | 北京大学 | Avalanche photodiode array-based reading circuit and photoelectric detector |
| WO2022212002A1 (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-10-06 | Beijing Voyager Technology Co., Ltd. | Feed-forward equalization for enhanced distance resolution |
-
2011
- 2011-05-16 CN CN2011201544902U patent/CN202092781U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103487148A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-01 | 西安理工大学 | Single-photon detection suppression circuit based on rapid current induction |
| CN103487148B (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-09-30 | 西安理工大学 | Single photon detection based on fast current induction suppresses circuit |
| CN113138019A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-20 | 北京大学 | Avalanche photodiode array-based reading circuit and photoelectric detector |
| CN113138019B (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-04-15 | 北京大学 | Avalanche photodiode array-based reading circuit and photoelectric detector |
| WO2022212002A1 (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-10-06 | Beijing Voyager Technology Co., Ltd. | Feed-forward equalization for enhanced distance resolution |
| US12117566B2 (en) | 2021-03-29 | 2024-10-15 | Beijing Voyager Technology Co., Ltd. | Feed-forward equalization for enhanced distance resolution |
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Granted publication date: 20111228 Termination date: 20140516 |