CN104697646B - A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse discrimination power - Google Patents
A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse discrimination power Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104697646B CN104697646B CN201510065573.7A CN201510065573A CN104697646B CN 104697646 B CN104697646 B CN 104697646B CN 201510065573 A CN201510065573 A CN 201510065573A CN 104697646 B CN104697646 B CN 104697646B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electric capacity
- resistance
- comparator
- counting
- operational amplifier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Abstract
Single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse discrimination power of the invention includes：Resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, diode D1, electronic switch K1, comparator IC1 and operational amplifier IC2.Resistance R1, resistance R3, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, comparator IC1 and rheostat W1 the composition adjustable comparator of threshold values.Resistance R2, resistance R4, diode D1, electronic switch K1, electric capacity C3 and operational amplifier IC2 composition count trigger pulse integrating circuit.The present invention distinguishes dark counting pulse by the differentiation to counting trigger pulse pulsewidth size, so as to effectively reduce the dark counting of single-photon detection system.Compared with conventional refrigeration technology, the present invention has the advantages that simple structure, low cost, small power consumption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse discrimination power.
Background technology
Single-photon detecting survey technology is a kind of atomic weak light detection technology, is led in high-resolution spectra measurement, bioluminescence, quantum
Letter, atmosphere pollution detection, non-destructive species analysis, radioactivity detection, astronomical light-metering, optical time domain reflection, fiber distribution sensing etc.
Field has a wide range of applications.The photoelectric receiving device that single-photon detecting survey technology is used mainly has photomultiplier, avalanche optoelectronic
Diode and superconducting nano-wire single-photon detectors.In the single-photon detection system using these photoelectric receiving devices,
Dark counting is its important noise source, and it is the important means that single-photon detection system improves detectivity to reduce dark counting.
Dark counting is mainly derived from the potential well of thermal excitation, tunneling and doping fault location, and thermal excitation can be such that electronics is transitted to from filled band
Blanking bar, while hole can be produced in filled band, after these electron holes are through avalanche multiplication, can produce spurious count, i.e., so-called dark
Count.
The method that tradition reduces dark counting is mainly by the temperature using cooling technic reduction photoelectric device to realize, but
This can undoubtedly increase power consumption, cost and the volume of system.In signal processing circuit in single-photon detection system, it is also possible to logical
Cross the comparing threshold values of increase discriminator to reduce dark counting, but allow signal pulse to pass through on condition that the threshold values must assure that, and
Surplus is left, therefore the method can only remove some dark counting pulses by a small margin.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of simple structure, low cost, the single photon meter with dark counting pulse discrimination power
Number discriminator circuit.
Single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse discrimination power of the invention includes：Resistance R1, resistance R2,
Resistance R3, resistance R4, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, diode D1, electronic switch
K1, comparator IC1 and operational amplifier IC2；One end of electric capacity C5 is input, the positive terminal phase of the other end and comparator IC1
Even, the one end after electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 parallel connections is connected direct current jointly with the power end of comparator IC1 and one end of resistance R1
Source, the other end after electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 parallel connections is connected to the ground, the other end of resistance R1 and one end, the rheostat of rheostat W1
The convertible tip of W1 and the end of oppisite phase of comparator IC1 are connected, the other end of rheostat W1 and the earth terminal of comparator IC1 with ground
It is connected, one end of resistance R3 is connected with the output end of one end of resistance R2 and comparator IC1, the other end of resistance R3 is first defeated
Go out end, the other end of resistance R2 is connected with the positive terminal of diode D1, resistance R4, electric capacity C2, electronic switch K1 composition parallel-connection networks
Network, one end of the parallel network is connected with the positive terminal of the end of oppisite phase of diode D1 and operational amplifier IC2, parallel network
The other end is connected to the ground, and the control end of electronic switch K1 is control signal connection end, the end of oppisite phase of operational amplifier IC2 and computing
Amplifier IC2 output ends are connected, and the tie point is the second output end, the power end of operational amplifier IC2 and one end of electric capacity C3
Dc source is connect jointly, and the other end of electric capacity C3 and the earth terminal of operational amplifier IC2 are connected to the ground.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The arteries and veins of the single photon counting discriminator circuit root Ju dark counting pulse with dark counting pulse discrimination power of the invention
Rushing width has randomness, and single photon signal pulse width stablizes this feature relatively, is obtained using corresponding integrating circuit
The numerical value for counting trigger pulse pulsewidth size is corresponded to, and carrys out logarithm value magnitude range with reference to computer system and judged, so that
Realization distinguishes that dark counting pulse effectively reduce the dark count numerical value of single-photon detection system, the signal to noise ratio of raising system makes
System obtains detectivity higher.It is of the invention to be compared with traditional cooling technic, with simple structure, low cost, power consumption
Small the advantages of.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the single photon counting discriminator circuit schematic diagram with dark counting pulse discrimination power of the invention.
Fig. 2 is present invention application principle block diagram in single-photon detector system.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Reference picture 1, the single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse discrimination power of the invention includes：Resistance
R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, diode
D1, electronic switch K1, comparator IC1 and operational amplifier IC2；One end of electric capacity C5 is input IN, the other end and comparator
The positive terminal of IC1 is connected, and the one end after electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 parallel connections is total to the power end of comparator IC1 and one end of resistance R1
It is connected to the ground with the other end after connection dc source Vcc, electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 parallel connection, the other end and rheostat of resistance R1
The end of oppisite phase of one end, the convertible tip of rheostat W1 and comparator IC1 of W1 is connected, the other end and comparator of rheostat W1
The earth terminal of IC1 is connected to the ground, and one end of resistance R3 is connected with the output end of one end of resistance R2 and comparator IC1, resistance
The other end of R3 is the first output end OUT1, and the other end of resistance R2 is connected with the positive terminal of diode D1, resistance R4, electric capacity
C2, electronic switch K1 constitute parallel network, one end of the parallel network and the end of oppisite phase of diode D1 and operational amplifier IC2
Positive terminal be connected, the other end of parallel network is connected to the ground, and the control end of electronic switch K1 is control signal connection end
The end of oppisite phase of CONTROL, operational amplifier IC2 is connected with operational amplifier IC2 output ends, and the tie point is the second output end
The power end of OUT2, operational amplifier IC2 meets dc source Vcc, the other end and fortune of electric capacity C3 jointly with one end of electric capacity C3
The earth terminal for calculating amplifier IC2 is connected to the ground.
In Fig. 1, IN is signal input part, and the output end with the amplifier of single-photon detection system is connected when in use.Electricity
Appearance C5 is capacitance, for isolated DC signal.Resistance R1 and rheostat W1 composition potential-divider networks, are the anti-of comparator IC1
Phase output terminal provides adjustable comparison voltage.The power end that the parallel network of electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 compositions is mainly comparator is carried
For a good AC earth passage, to prevent the interference of ground wire bounce-back signal and other noises.Resistance R3 is used as comparing
The output isolation resistance of device.When in use, the first output end OUT1 is needed and the counter input phase in single-photon detection system
Even.It is controllable that resistance R2, diode D1, electric capacity C2, resistance R4, electronic switch K1 and operational amplifier IC2 constitute an electric discharge
Integrating circuit, the integrating circuit can charge to the counting start pulse signal of comparator IC2 outputs, and be protected in electric capacity C2
The magnitude of voltage corresponding with output pulse is deposited, operational amplifier IC2 constitutes a follower, and the output end of the follower is made
It is the second output end OUT2, needs to be connected with the input of the analog-digital converter in single-photon detection system when in use, follower
It is a buffering link, mainly plays a part of to send the magnitude of voltage of electric capacity C2 to analog-digital converter.The control end of electronic switch K1
CONTROL needs to be connected with the control output end of the computer control system CPU in single-photon detection system when in use, works as monochromatic light
After analog-digital converter in sub- detection system is completed to the data conversion of follower output voltage values, cpu system send one it is high
Level controling signal by electronic switch K1 turn on, now electric capacity C2 by electronic switch K1 to ground terminal repid discharge, as electric capacity C2
After the completion of electric discharge, cpu system sends a low level signal and closes electronic switch K1 again, and electric capacity C2 is now in electric charge clearing
State, and wait next counting trigger pulse charging process.The power end that electric capacity C3 is mainly follower provides one well
AC earth passage, to prevent ground wire from rebounding the interference of signal and other noises.
Comparator IC1 can use high speed integrated comparator, and such as MAX9600, MAX913 of Maxim companies production can root
According to the speed responsive requirement suitable model of selection of whole system.Operational amplifier IC2 can use high speed operation amplifier, such as
The LMH6624 of National companies production, the operating frequency requirements selection cost performance also dependent on single-photon detection system is best
Model.Diode D1 uses quick Schottky diode, such as MUR160.It is integrated that electronic switch may be selected high-speed electronic switch
Circuit, such as CD4066, it is also possible to quick N-channel FET substitution.Electric capacity C2 should use high stable, the high speed of low distributed constant
Ceramic disc capacitor.Electric capacity C3, electric capacity C1 should be using the high speed ceramic disc capacitors of low distributed constant, and value is 0.1 μ F or so, it is also possible to many
Individual high speed ceramic disc capacitor substitution in parallel.Electric capacity C4 should use tantalum electric capacity, and value is 10 μ F or so.The value of dc source Vcc can
Taken, generally 3.3V or 5V depending on the difference of the integrated circuit that is used.In order to reduce the influence of device distributed inductance, device used
Part to be tried one's best and seal dress using the surface of small size.When printed circuit board (PCB) is made, to reduce circuit board distributed constant less as far as possible
Influence, should follow fast circuit design principle designing printed circuit board, such as：The arrangement of component should be as far as possible compact, between device
Lead should be as far as possible short, should set ground wire of large area etc..
The single photon counting discriminator electricity with dark counting pulse discrimination power of the invention is expanded on further with reference to Fig. 2
The operation principle on road.Fig. 2 is a kind of single-photon detection system of the pole of use avalanche optoelectronic two, in order to improve the snow of avalanche diode
Gain is collapsed, detectivity is improved, the avalanche photodide APD of the system is in Geiger mode angular position digitizer（Geiger mode）Under, i.e.,
Working method of the reverse bias voltage higher than avalanche voltage.During bias voltage is higher than avalanche voltage, useful photon will be triggered
APD produces avalanche signal, in order to detect next photon, it is necessary to which bias voltage is reduced to below avalanche voltage, makes snowslide two
Pole pipe returns to original state.This mode of operation can not only improve the life-span of avalanche diode, and be effectively reduced dark
Count.In Fig. 2 systems, when effective single photon is not reached, the bias voltage of APD is provided by DC offset voltage, the direct current
Avalanche voltage of the bias voltage less than APD, now APD is in muting sensitive original state.When effective single photon is reached, calculate
Machine control system CPU sends a trigger signal to pulsed bias, and trigger pulse bias voltage sends a pulse to APD
Voltage, makes APD be in avalanche voltage state, so that APD produces snowslide pulse signal, the snowslide under useful photon triggering
The amplified device of pulse signal amplifies, and gives the positive terminal of comparator IC1, comparator is exported a digital counting trigger pulse and believes
Number and give counter through resistance R3, counter carries out accumulated counts to the counting trigger pulse for receiving every time and by final knot
Fruit gives CPU, and the final accumulated counts value of counter is crossed snowslide triggering times, obtains catching for useful photon by CPU divided by total
Obtain probability and interpretation of result is measured according to probability size.In order to have enough recovery times to APD and suppress afterpulse
（After pulse, because the doping fault location of avalanche diode forms potential well, potential well captures current-carrying during avalanche signal
Son is simultaneously discharged in follow-up time, and in next avalanche voltage pulse-triggered, possible triggering avalanche signal, causes pseudo- meter
Number.）Influence, the trigger interval of snowslide pulse voltage is sufficiently large, typically in a few more than μ s.Therefore, when snowslide pulse electricity
When the trigger interval of pressure is sufficiently large, the influence of afterpulse is with regard to very little.Rolling counters forward triggering is mainly caused by two kinds of pulses,
One kind is effective single photon signal pulse, and one kind is dark counting pulse.Because dark counting pulse source is in noise, its pulse width
With randomness, and the effectively width of single photon signal pulse is then stablized relatively, therefore can be by counting the pulsewidth of trigger pulse
Size discriminates whether it is effective single photon signal pulse.By resistance R2, diode D1, electric capacity C2, resistance R4, electronics in Fig. 2
The controllable integrating circuit of electric discharge of switch K1 and operational amplifier composition is exactly to play such differentiation effect.Counted when comparator is exported
During number trigger pulse, count trigger pulse and charged to electric capacity C2 through resistance R2, diode D1, C2 is obtained and counting trigger pulse is wide
The corresponding magnitude of voltage of degree size, the voltage gives analog-digital converter and will simulate electricity through the follower that operational amplifier IC2 is constituted
Pressure value gives CPU after being converted into digital quantity, and CPU judges whether the numerical value is in the significant figure of the effective single photon pulses width of correspondence
Value scope, just this counting is designated as if being it is effective, it is no if be just designated as invalid, final CPU is by the accumulated counts of counter
Value subtracts cumulative invalid counting value as final count value, so as to greatly reduce the influence of dark counting.
In the controllable integrating circuit of electric discharge being made up of resistance R2, diode D1, electric capacity C2, resistance R4 and electronic switch K1
In, resistance R2, diode D1 and electric capacity C2 constitute charge circuit, and its charge constant is R2 × C2, and its value should be at least big
In the rising edge of maximum effective single photon trigger pulse, filled in effective single photon trigger pulse with the magnitude of voltage for preventing electric capacity C2
Saturation is produced when electric.Electric capacity C2 and resistance R4 constitutes a slow discharge loop in the electronic switch K1 down periods, and it is put
Electrical time constant is R4 × C2, and its value should be much larger than R2 × C2, so as to ensure that C2 can keep enough magnitudes of voltage to turn for modulus
Parallel operation reads.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse discrimination power, it is characterized in that including：Resistance R1, resistance
R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, diode D1, electronic cutting
Close K1, comparator IC1 and operational amplifier IC2；One end of electric capacity C5 is the positive of input IN, the other end and comparator IC1
End is connected, and the one end after electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 parallel connections is common with the power end of comparator IC1 and one end of resistance R1 to be connected straight
Stream power Vcc, the other end after electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 parallel connections is connected to the ground, the other end of resistance R1 and the one of rheostat W1
End, the end of oppisite phase of the convertible tip of rheostat W1 and comparator IC1 are connected, the other end of rheostat W1 and connecing for comparator IC1
Ground terminal is connected to the ground, and one end of resistance R3 is connected with the output end of one end of resistance R2 and comparator IC1, and resistance R3's is another
It is the first output end OUT1 to hold, and the other end of resistance R2 is connected with the positive terminal of diode D1, resistance R4, electric capacity C2, electronic cutting
Close K1 composition parallel networks, one end of the parallel network and the end of oppisite phase of diode D1 and the positive terminal of operational amplifier IC2
It is connected, the other end of parallel network is connected to the ground, the control end of electronic switch K1 is control signal connection end CONTROL, computing
The end of oppisite phase of amplifier IC2 is connected with operational amplifier IC2 output ends, and corresponding tie point is the second output end OUT2, computing
The power end of amplifier IC2 meets dc source Vcc, the other end and operational amplifier of electric capacity C3 jointly with one end of electric capacity C3
The earth terminal of IC2 is connected to the ground.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510065573.7A CN104697646B (en) | 2015-02-09 | 2015-02-09 | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse discrimination power |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510065573.7A CN104697646B (en) | 2015-02-09 | 2015-02-09 | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse discrimination power |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104697646A CN104697646A (en) | 2015-06-10 |
| CN104697646B true CN104697646B (en) | 2017-06-16 |
Family
ID=53345008
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510065573.7A Expired - Fee Related CN104697646B (en) | 2015-02-09 | 2015-02-09 | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse discrimination power |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104697646B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105547498B (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2019-01-29 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Inhibit the single photon counting circuit of dark counting and its inhibits the method for dark counting |
| CN106124069B (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2023-02-10 | 中国科学院苏州生物医学工程技术研究所 | Multi-photon counting system, method and device |
| JP2022541879A (en) | 2019-07-19 | 2022-09-28 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | Time domain filtering of gamma events |
| CN112393810B (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2022-02-18 | 华为技术有限公司 | Single photon detection device and method |
| CN113884280B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-22 | 武汉市聚芯微电子有限责任公司 | Measuring method and device of single photon photoelectric device |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102291118A (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2011-12-21 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Single-photon counting amplifying/discriminating circuit |
| CN102435325A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-05-02 | 湖南科技大学 | Single-photon counter for identifying empty-illumination thermo-electron noise pulse |
| CN103759840A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-04-30 | 中国科学技术大学 | Semiconductor infrared single-photon detector snow slide signal screening device and method |
| CN204535861U (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-08-05 | 中国计量学院 | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse ability to see things in their true light |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7126386B2 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2006-10-24 | Nova R&D, Inc. | Multi-channel integrated circuit |
-
2015
- 2015-02-09 CN CN201510065573.7A patent/CN104697646B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102291118A (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2011-12-21 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Single-photon counting amplifying/discriminating circuit |
| CN102435325A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-05-02 | 湖南科技大学 | Single-photon counter for identifying empty-illumination thermo-electron noise pulse |
| CN103759840A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-04-30 | 中国科学技术大学 | Semiconductor infrared single-photon detector snow slide signal screening device and method |
| CN204535861U (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-08-05 | 中国计量学院 | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse ability to see things in their true light |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 量子通信中单光子探测器的实验研究;韩宇宏 等;《应用光学》;20100331;第31卷(第2期);322-326 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104697646A (en) | 2015-06-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104697646B (en) | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse discrimination power | |
| CN102735351B (en) | Single-photon detector circuit and detection method thereof | |
| Seifert et al. | Simulation of silicon photomultiplier signals | |
| CN103148950B (en) | Integrated gating active quenching/restoring circuit | |
| CN107356855B (en) | Testing device and method for single-photon photoelectric device | |
| US20130221221A1 (en) | Single photon detector in the near infrared using an ingaas/inp avalanche photodiode operated with a bipolar rectangular gating signal | |
| CN204535861U (en) | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse ability to see things in their true light | |
| CN102538988A (en) | Quenching and reading circuit for single photon avalanche diode imaging device | |
| CN107806931A (en) | Gate complementary type Photo Counting System | |
| CN109459149A (en) | A kind of measurement of high-precision single photon detection chip real time temperature and performance optimization system | |
| CN106706127B (en) | Multi-photon detection method based on SiPM | |
| KR101395330B1 (en) | Single photon detector, photon number resolving detector and detecting method thereof | |
| CN106656166A (en) | Analog counting circuit with high counting range applied to single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector | |
| CN104677511B (en) | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function | |
| CN107036722A (en) | The high-speed low-noise single-photon detection system of ultrashort pulse gate | |
| CN107490585B (en) | It is a kind of to eliminate method and device of the temperature to Si-PIN detectors ɑ energy spectral peak drift effects | |
| CN206959996U (en) | A kind of single-photon detector of low time jitter | |
| CN204535862U (en) | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function | |
| CN209673222U (en) | A kind of chip | |
| CN102291118B (en) | Single-photon counting amplifying/discriminating circuit | |
| Giustolisi et al. | A simple extraction procedure for determining the electrical parameters in silicon photomultipliers | |
| CN110332993A (en) | A kind of high speed is adjustable time domain impulse type balanced homodyne detector and its collecting method | |
| Li et al. | Design and analysis of weak optical signal detection system based on photoelectric detection technology | |
| CN210774350U (en) | Thunder and lightning optical radiation detector | |
| CN105043563B (en) | A kind of the integrating capacitor discharge circuit and method of integral gate single-photon detector |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20170616 Termination date: 20180209 |