CN204535862U - A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function - Google Patents
A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function Download PDFInfo
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- CN204535862U CN204535862U CN201520089303.5U CN201520089303U CN204535862U CN 204535862 U CN204535862 U CN 204535862U CN 201520089303 U CN201520089303 U CN 201520089303U CN 204535862 U CN204535862 U CN 204535862U
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Abstract
The single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function of the present utility model comprises: resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, electric capacity C6, diode D1, comparer IC1 and operational amplifier IC2.Resistance R1, resistance R3, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, electric capacity C6, comparer IC1 and rheostat W1 form the adjustable comparer of threshold values.Resistance R2, resistance R4, resistance R5, diode D1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3 and operational amplifier IC2 form the integrating circuit that dynamic adjustments comparer compares threshold values.The utility model utilizes integrating circuit to touch pulse to the noise that Discr. exports to carry out integration, and carries out real-time dynamic conditioning according to the comparison threshold values of integrated value to comparer, makes system obtain optimal detection sensitivity.The utility model has the advantages such as structure is simple, cost is low, power consumption is little, real-time controlling is good, effectively can reduce the impact of system environments change.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function.
Background technology
Single-photon detecting survey technology is a kind of atomic weak light detection technology, has a wide range of applications in fields such as high-resolution spectra measurement, bioluminescence, quantum communications, atmospheric pollution detection, non-destructive species analysis, radioactivity detection, astronomical light-metering, optical time domain reflection, fiber distribution sensings.The photoelectric receiving device that single-photon detecting survey technology adopts mainly contains photomultiplier, avalanche photodide and superconducting nano-wire single-photon detectors.In the single-photon detection system adopting these photoelectric receiving devices, noise spike can produce spurious count, thus impacts the detection sensitivity of system.The spurious count of single-photon detection system is mainly derived from dark counting and afterpulse counting.Dark counting is mainly derived from the potential well of thermal excitation, tunneling and doping fault location, and thermal excitation can make electronics transit to blanking bar from filled band, can produce hole in filled band simultaneously, and these electron holes, after avalanche multiplication, can produce spurious count, i.e. so-called dark counting.Afterpulse system relevant to signal photon, because the doping fault location of photoelectric device forms potential well, during avalanche signal, potential well captures charge carrier and discharges at follow-up time, and when next avalanche voltage trigger action, possibility triggering avalanche signal, causes spurious count.
Afterpulse is counted, system can be eliminated by the trigger interval increasing snowslide pulse voltage, when the trigger interval of snowslide pulse voltage should enough greatly (a few more than μ s), the impact of afterpulse counting is just very little, and the spurious count of system depends primarily on dark counting.The method that tradition reduces dark counting mainly realizes by adopting cooling technic to reduce the temperature of photoelectric device, but this can increase the power consumption of system, cost and volume undoubtedly.Another kind method compares threshold values obtain best dark counting pulse generation rate, to obtain best detection sensitivity by setting a fixing the best to the discriminator circuit in single-photon detection system.But because the dark noise state of system can change with the change of environmental aspect, this just means that comparing threshold values also needs to do corresponding adjustment in real time according to different noise states, and therefore, fixing threshold values Faxian so cannot meet this requirement.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide that a kind of structure is simple, cost is low, have the single photon counting discriminator circuit of threshold values automatic control function.
The single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function of the present utility model comprises: resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, electric capacity C6, diode D1, comparer IC1 and operational amplifier IC2, one end of electric capacity C5 is input end, the other end is connected with the positive terminal of comparer IC1, electric capacity C1 is connected direct supply with the one end after electric capacity C4 parallel connection jointly with the power end of comparer IC1 and one end of resistance R1, the other end after electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 parallel connection is connected to the ground, the other end of resistance R1 and one end of rheostat W1, the convertible tip of rheostat W1, be connected with the end of oppisite phase of comparer IC1 again after one end of electric capacity C6 and one end of resistance R5 are connected, the earth terminal of the other end of rheostat W1 and the other end of electric capacity C6 and comparer IC1 is all connected to the ground, one end of resistance R3 is connected with the output terminal of one end of resistance R2 and comparer IC1, the other end of resistance R3 is output terminal, the other end of resistance R2 is connected with the positive terminal of diode D1, resistance R4 is connected with the end of oppisite phase of diode D1 and the positive terminal of operational amplifier IC2 with the one end after electric capacity C2 parallel connection, the other end after resistance R4 and electric capacity C2 parallel connection, one end of electric capacity C3 and the earth terminal of operational amplifier IC2 are all connected to the ground, the end of oppisite phase of operational amplifier IC2 is connected with the other end of the output terminal of operational amplifier IC2 and resistance R5, be connected with direct supply after the other end of electric capacity C3 is connected with the power end of operational amplifier IC2.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
The single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function of the present utility model utilizes suitable integrating circuit to carry out integration to the noise count pulse that Discr. exports, and carry out real-time dynamic conditioning according to the comparison threshold values of integrated value to Discr., thus system is made to obtain optimum signal-noise ratio.This utility model is compared with traditional cooling technic, has the advantages such as structure is simple, cost is low, power consumption is little; Compare with traditional fixing threshold method, the real-time controlling of the utility model circuit is good, effectively can reduce the impact of system environments change, makes system obtain optimal detection sensitivity.Sternly bad at acquisition environment, when noise count ratio is high, the effect that this invention produces is especially remarkable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the single photon counting discriminator circuit schematic diagram with threshold values automatic control function of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the utility model application principle block diagram in single-photon detector system.
Embodiment
The utility model is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
With reference to Fig. 1, the single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function of the present utility model comprises: resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, electric capacity C6, diode D1, comparer IC1 and operational amplifier IC2, one end of electric capacity C5 is input end IN, the other end is connected with the positive terminal of comparer IC1, electric capacity C1 is connected direct supply Vcc with the one end after electric capacity C4 parallel connection jointly with the power end of comparer IC1 and one end of resistance R1, the other end after electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 parallel connection is connected to the ground, the other end of resistance R1 and one end of rheostat W1, the convertible tip of rheostat W1, be connected with the end of oppisite phase of comparer IC1 again after one end of electric capacity C6 and one end of resistance R5 are connected, the earth terminal of the other end of rheostat W1 and the other end of electric capacity C6 and comparer IC1 is all connected to the ground, one end of resistance R3 is connected with the output terminal of one end of resistance R2 and comparer IC1, the other end of resistance R3 is output terminal OUT, the other end of resistance R2 is connected with the positive terminal of diode D1, resistance R4 is connected with the end of oppisite phase of diode D1 and the positive terminal of operational amplifier IC2 with the one end after electric capacity C2 parallel connection, the other end after resistance R4 and electric capacity C2 parallel connection, one end of electric capacity C3 and the earth terminal of operational amplifier IC2 are all connected to the ground, the end of oppisite phase of operational amplifier IC2 is connected with the other end of the output terminal of operational amplifier IC2 and resistance R5, be connected with direct supply Vcc after the other end of electric capacity C3 is connected with the power end of operational amplifier IC2.
In Fig. 1, IN is signal input part, is connected in use with the output terminal of the amplifier of single-photon detection system.Electric capacity C5 is capacitance, for isolated DC signal.Resistance R1 and rheostat W1 forms potential-divider network, and the reversed-phase output for comparer IC1 provides adjustable initial comparative voltage.Electric capacity C6 is used for the AC signal of filtering comparer IC1 end of oppisite phase.The power end that the parallel network that electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 form is mainly comparer provides a good AC earth passage, to rebound the interference of signal and other noise to prevent ground wire.Resistance R3 is as the output isolation resistance of comparer.In use, output terminal OUT needs to be connected with the counter input in single-photon detection system.Resistance R2, diode D1, electric capacity C2, resistance R4 and operational amplifier IC2 form an integrating circuit, this integrating circuit can carry out integration to the counting start pulse signal that comparer IC2 exports, and export the magnitude of voltage relevant with noise spike incidence size, the end of oppisite phase of comparer IC1 is given through build-out resistor R5, to change the comparison threshold voltage Vc of the end of oppisite phase of comparer IC1 in real time, make Discr. export a best noise spike incidence, make system obtain optimal detection sensitivity.Operational amplifier IC2 forms a follower, mainly plays buffer action.The power end that electric capacity C3 is mainly follower provides a good AC earth passage, to rebound the interference of signal and other noise to prevent ground wire.
Comparer IC1 can adopt high speed integrated comparator, as MAX9600, MAX913 etc. that Maxim company produces, can require to select suitable model according to the speed responsive of whole system.Operational amplifier IC2 can adopt high speed operation amplifier, as the LMH6624 that National company produces, also can choose the best model of cost performance according to the operating frequency requirements of single-photon detection system.Diode D1 adopts quick schottky diode, as MUR160 etc.Electric capacity C2 should adopt the high speed ceramic disc capacitor of high stable, low distribution parameter.Electric capacity C1, electric capacity C3 should adopt the high speed ceramic disc capacitor of low distribution parameter, and value is 0.1 μ about F, also can replace with the high speed ceramic disc capacitor of multiple parallel connection.Electric capacity C4 should adopt tantalum electric capacity, and value is 10 μ about F.The difference of the integrated circuit that the value of direct supply Vcc is visual adopted and getting, is generally 3.3V or 5V.In order to reduce the impact of device distributed inductance, device used adopts undersized surface to seal dress as far as possible.When making printed circuit board (PCB), for reducing the impact of circuit board distribution parameter less as far as possible, fast circuit principle of design designing printed circuit board should be followed, as: the layout of components and parts should be as far as possible compact, and the lead-in wire between device should be as far as possible short, should arrange large-area ground wire etc.
The principle of work with the single photon counting discriminator circuit of threshold values automatic control function of the present utility model is set forth further below in conjunction with Fig. 2.Fig. 2 is a kind of single-photon detection system adopting avalanche optoelectronic two pole, in order to improve the avalanche gain of avalanche diode, improve detection sensitivity, under the avalanche photodide APD of this system is in Geiger mode angular position digitizer (Geiger mode), namely reverse bias voltage is higher than the working method of avalanche voltage.During bias voltage is higher than avalanche voltage, effective single photon will trigger APD and produce avalanche signal, in order to detect next photon, bias voltage must be reduced to below avalanche voltage, make avalanche diode return to original state.This mode of operation not only can improve the life-span of avalanche diode, and effectively can reduce dark counting.In Fig. 2 system, when effective single photon does not arrive, the bias voltage of APD is provided by DC offset voltage, and this DC offset voltage is lower than the avalanche voltage of APD, and now APD is in muting sensitive original state.When effective single photon arrives, computer control system CPU sends a trigger pip to pulsed bias, trigger pulse bias voltage sends a pulse voltage to APD, APD is made to be in avalanche voltage state, thus make APD produce snowslide pulse signal under effective single photon triggers, this snowslide pulse signal amplifies through amplifier, give the positive terminal of comparer IC1, comparer is made to export a digital counting start pulse signal and give counter through resistance R3, counter carries out accumulated counts to the counting trigger pulse received at every turn and gives CPU by final result, accumulated counts value final for counter is crossed snowslide triggering times divided by total by CPU, obtain the acquisition probability of useful photon and carry out measurement result analysis according to probability size.In Fig. 2 system, resistance R2, diode D1, electric capacity C2, resistance R4, operational amplifier IC2 form an integrating circuit, this integrating circuit can carry out integration to the counting start pulse signal that comparer IC2 exports, and export the magnitude of voltage relevant with noise spike incidence size, when noise spike incidence is excessive, the magnitude of voltage that integrator exports is also large, makes the comparison threshold voltage Vc of the end of oppisite phase of comparer IC1 also become large, thus inhibits the change of noise spike incidence large.Otherwise when noise spike incidence is too small, the magnitude of voltage that integrator exports diminishes, and makes the comparison threshold voltage Vc of the end of oppisite phase of comparer IC1 also diminish, there to be more effectively single photon signal pulse to pass through.The method that this integrator compares threshold values by adjusting comparer in real time, makes system can overcome the impact of environmental change, obtains optimal detection sensitivity.Sternly bad at system looks environment, when noise count ratio is high, the effect that the discriminator circuit of this invention produces is especially remarkable.
In the integrating circuit be made up of resistance R2, diode D1, electric capacity C2, resistance R4, operational amplifier IC2, resistance R2, diode D1, electric capacity C2 form charge circuit, its charging rate is about R2 × C2, electric capacity C2, resistance R4 form discharge loop, and its discharge time constant is R4 × C2.An optimal dynamic value can be obtained to make the comparison threshold values Vc of comparer IC1.The correct value of charging constant and electric discharge constant is extremely important, usual charging constant should far below electric discharge constant, its ratio is answered viewing system situation and determines, if the typical pulse-widths of noise spike is about 30ns, and relative to the detection sensitivity of the best, the generation average time interval of noise spike is about 4ms, and electric discharge constant approximately gets about 150 with the ratio of charging constant.
Claims (1)
1. one kind has the single photon counting discriminator circuit of threshold values automatic control function, it is characterized in that comprising: resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, electric capacity C6, diode D1, comparer IC1 and operational amplifier IC2, one end of electric capacity C5 is input end IN, the other end is connected with the positive terminal of comparer IC1, electric capacity C1 is connected direct supply Vcc with the one end after electric capacity C4 parallel connection jointly with the power end of comparer IC1 and one end of resistance R1, the other end after electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 parallel connection is connected to the ground, the other end of resistance R1 and one end of rheostat W1, the convertible tip of rheostat W1, be connected with the end of oppisite phase of comparer IC1 again after one end of electric capacity C6 and one end of resistance R5 are connected, the earth terminal of the other end of rheostat W1 and the other end of electric capacity C6 and comparer IC1 is all connected to the ground, one end of resistance R3 is connected with the output terminal of one end of resistance R2 and comparer IC1, the other end of resistance R3 is output terminal OUT, the other end of resistance R2 is connected with the positive terminal of diode D1, resistance R4 is connected with the end of oppisite phase of diode D1 and the positive terminal of operational amplifier IC2 with the one end after electric capacity C2 parallel connection, the other end after resistance R4 and electric capacity C2 parallel connection, one end of electric capacity C3 and the earth terminal of operational amplifier IC2 are all connected to the ground, the end of oppisite phase of operational amplifier IC2 is connected with the other end of the output terminal of operational amplifier IC2 and resistance R5, be connected with direct supply Vcc after the other end of electric capacity C3 is connected with the power end of operational amplifier IC2.
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| CN201520089303.5U CN204535862U (en) | 2015-02-09 | 2015-02-09 | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function |
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| CN201520089303.5U CN204535862U (en) | 2015-02-09 | 2015-02-09 | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104677511A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-03 | 中国计量学院 | Single-photon counting discriminator circuit with automatic threshold value control function |
| CN110207836A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-09-06 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | A kind of single-photon detector and its high-voltage high-speed adjust circuit |
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2015
- 2015-02-09 CN CN201520089303.5U patent/CN204535862U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104677511A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-03 | 中国计量学院 | Single-photon counting discriminator circuit with automatic threshold value control function |
| CN104677511B (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2017-08-15 | 中国计量学院 | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function |
| CN110207836A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-09-06 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | A kind of single-photon detector and its high-voltage high-speed adjust circuit |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20150805 Effective date of abandoning: 20170815 |