CN105549064A - High-resolution X-ray energy spectrometer based on Si-PIN detector array - Google Patents
High-resolution X-ray energy spectrometer based on Si-PIN detector array Download PDFInfo
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- CN105549064A CN105549064A CN201610006293.3A CN201610006293A CN105549064A CN 105549064 A CN105549064 A CN 105549064A CN 201610006293 A CN201610006293 A CN 201610006293A CN 105549064 A CN105549064 A CN 105549064A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
- G01T1/366—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry with semi-conductor detectors
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-resolution X-ray energy spectrometer based on an Si-PIN detector array. Detectors of the energy spectrometer employ an m row*n column Si-PIN detector array, each row of the detectors share one charge sensitive amplifier, there are n columns all together, X rays detected by the detectors are respectively sent to a time discrimination unit and a signal filtering weighting unit through amplification of the amplifiers, and n time signals and single-path energy signals are formed. Inside a digital multichannel pulse-amplitude analyzer, accurate pulse amplitude is extracted after the time signals and the energy signals are processed by an offline correction module and a trapezoid shaping module, and an energy spectrum of the X rays is finally output. The high-resolution X-ray energy spectrometer has the following advantages: the detection efficiency of the detectors in detecting the X rays especially high-energy X rays is improved, the problem of introduction of quite large noise during application of the detector array under common conditions is solved, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and the energy resolution of the X-ray energy spectrometer is effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear instrument technical field, particularly relate to a kind of high-resolution X-ray energy spectrometer using Si-PIN detector array.
Background technology
X-ray energy spectrometer is that a kind of difference of different elemental characteristic X-ray energy that utilizes is opened up spectrum thus carries out the instrument of constituent analysis, it, primarily of detector, amplifier, pulse height analyzer composition, now plays a significant role in fields such as ore dressing, chemical industry, metallurgy, geologic prospect, environmental monitoring, biomedicines.Current, develop the study hotspot that high-resolution X-ray energy spectrometer has become nuclear instrument field.
Si-PIN detector is a kind of using semiconductor material Si as detector matrix, adopt P-I-N (Positive-Intrinsic-Negative) structure, (majority carrier is hole to comprise one deck P-type semiconductor, acceptor impurity is taken as the leading factor), (majority carrier is electronics to one deck N-type semiconductor, donor impurity is taken as the leading factor, ) and the two middle intrinsic semiconductor I layer, in conjunction with the high-performance nuclear radiation detector that planar technology and ion implantation technology are produced, it is little that it has junction capacity, leakage current is low, response time is fast, diamagnetic field interference performance is strong, position resolution is good, energy resolution high, therefore be the ideal detector being applicable to RESOLUTION NUCLEAR ENERGY SPECTROMETER.
General energy spectrometer is mainly divided into analogue type and the large class of numeric type two.In recent years, along with the fast development of microelectric technique, large-scale field programmable gate array (Field-ProgrammableGateArray is called for short FPGA) is achieved, and the digital multi-channel energy spectrometer based on FPGA is also developed out in succession.Numeral energy spectrometer keeps scheduling algorithm to replace traditional simulation forming amplifying circuit, peak value sampling circuit etc. by digital filtering, digit pulse pile-up rejection and digital peak, thus realize high count rate, Low Drift Temperature and miniaturization, therefore become the preferred option of current X-ray energy spectrometer design.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of high-resolution X-ray energy spectrometer based on Si-PIN detector array, use under solving regular situation single Si-PIN detector measurement X ray especially sigmatron time detection efficiency low, counting rate declines, the problem that energy resolution is deteriorated.
Based on a high-resolution X-ray energy spectrometer for Si-PIN detector array, comprise Si-PIN detector array, charge amplifier array, RC active power filtering unit, signal weighting unit, time discriminator unit and digital multichannel pulse scope-analyzer;
Described Si-PIN detector array be by Si-PIN detector set synthesize m capable × detector array that arranges of n, all Si-PIN detector negative electrodes are connected, and every a line Si-PIN detector anode is in parallel, and connects high-voltage power supply by biasing resistor;
Described every a line Si-PIN detector uses same charge amplifier, the charge amplifier composition charge amplifier array used between different rows;
The X ray received is converted to charge signal by Si-PIN detector array, and obtains core pulse signal after being amplified by charge amplifier array.
Compared with prior art, one or more embodiment of the present invention can have the following advantages by tool:
Improve single Si-PIN detector and be applied to the shortcoming that when X ray detects, detection efficiency is low, counting rate is not enough, solve when using extensive Si-PIN detector array the problem that noise is large, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is low, system capacity differentiates rate variance simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the high-resolution X-ray energy spectrometer systematic schematic diagram based on Si-PIN detector array;
Fig. 2 is Si-PIN detector array and charge amplifier array structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is digital multi-channel energy spectrometer internal system block diagram;
Fig. 4 is charge sensitive amplifier circuit figure of the present invention;
Fig. 5 (a) and 5 (b) screen functional schematic and time discriminator circuit figure the time;
Fig. 6 is RC active filter circuit figure of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is signal weighting circuit theory diagrams of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is off-line correction functional schematic.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Be illustrated in figure 1 systematic schematic diagram of the present invention, this system comprises detector array, charge amplifier array, RC active power filtering unit, signal weighting unit, time discriminator unit and digital multichannel pulse scope-analyzer.
Above-mentioned detector array and charge amplifier array are as shown in Figure 2, described Si-PIN detector array be by Si-PIN detector set synthesize m capable × n arrange detector array, all Si-PIN detector negative electrodes are connected, every a line Si-PIN detector anode is in parallel, and connects high-voltage power supply by biasing resistor;
Described every a line Si-PIN detector uses same charge amplifier, the charge amplifier composition charge amplifier array used between different rows; The X ray received is converted to charge signal by Si-PIN detector array, and obtains core pulse signal after being amplified by charge amplifier array.
Above-mentioned charge amplifier array is the capacitance-resistance reaction type electric charge sensitive amplifier array of being powered respectively by n road low noise power supply module, and tie-time discriminator circuit and RC active filter circuit respectively after each road charge amplifier in charge amplifier array.Signal after the filtering of RC active filter circuit is shaped forms the energy signal of single channel after weighting circuit superposition, after this energy signal is conveyed into and processes in digital multi-channel energy spectrometer together with the time discriminator signal in time discriminator circuit, exports X-ray energy spectrum.
Further, described charge amplifier adopts AC coupling capacitance-resistance reaction type structure, electric capacity in feedback network is used for collecting electric charge, resistance provides path of releasing for electric charge, amplifier input stage uses JFET field effect transistor, amplifier stage adopts folded form circuit structure, and the signal after amplification amplifies through one-level high-speed low-noise amplifier secondary again, improves signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).
Further, described time discriminator circuit is with comparer chip for core, and the signal trigger comparator that charge amplifier exports produces the square-wave signal in corresponding moment, realizes screening function.
Further, described RC active filter circuit is made up of operational amplifier, the gaussian signal of the signal that charge-sensitive preamplifier exports output low noise after filtering is shaped.
Further, the reverse summation operation circuit that described weighting circuit is made up of operational amplifier is formed, and realizes the superposition of different charge amplifier channel signal.
Further, described digital multi-channel energy spectrometer take FPGA as core, based on speed binary channels trapezoidal shaping device, can realize off-line correction, correction of the count rate, rise time examination, pulse height extraction, baseline estimations and the function such as recovery, soft gain-adjusted.
In above-mentioned array, all detectors provide bias voltage by same high-voltage power supply.Interact with its generation after incident X-rays enters the sensitive volume of Si-PIN detector and produce electron hole pair, under bias voltage effect, form bias current, this current pulse signal forms two exponential signals that amplitude increases after charge amplifier.
Due to the restriction of manufacture craft, the sensitive volume area of single Si-PIN detector can not be too large, result in use single Si-PIN detector measurement X ray especially sigmatron time counting rate lower, and adopt Si-PIN detector array to make the equivalent sensitive volume area of detector become large, thus raising detection efficiency, higher counting rate can be obtained.According to the computing formula of charge amplifier equivalent noise charge, (wherein EC0 is zero capacitance noise to ENC=EC0+kCi, k is noise slope, Ci is equivalent input capacitance), if all detector parallel connections share a charge amplifier, its equivalent input capacitance is comparatively large, can introduce larger noise, affect energy resolution.Therefore each row detector in detector array is shared a charge amplifier by the present invention, while guarantee energy resolution, simplify circuit.
Above-mentioned charge sensitive amplifier circuit as shown in Figure 4, wherein D represents the total detector of every a line, R4 is detector biasing resistor, in order to make noise minimum, should ensure that the pressure reduction on biasing resistor is 0.5V, therefore biasing resistor resistance should in 50M to 200M scope, and concrete value will be selected according to the leakage current of actual detector.R4 and ac coupling capacitor C10 forms a discharge loop, its time constant is τ 1, the feedback resistance R20-R24 of charge amplifier self and feedback capacity C19 forms a discharge loop, time constant is τ 2, nthdifferential wave-shaping circuit after C11 and R11 is formed, its time constant is τ 3, in order to make circuit not have obvious pole τ at zero point 3 must be less than τ 1 and τ 2, will select resistance, capacitance that each loop is suitable accordingly.Input signal is coupled to late-class circuit by C10, and DC voltage is isolated by C10 simultaneously, thus ensures that input stage JFET has stable quiescent point.Because the C of input stage JFET
isstime equal with detector equivalent capacity, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is the highest, therefore needs according to the suitable JFET of how many selections of each row detector quantity.When detector is more, its equivalent capacity is comparatively large, now selects 2SK147,2N6550 or multiple JFET parallel connection; When detector quantity is less, its equivalent capacity is less, now selects 2SK152,2N4416.The amplifier stage of amplifier adopts folding structure, R12, R14, Q4 and R2, R6, Q1 form two constant current sources respectively, because the electric current flowing into input stage JFET is the electric current flowing through R2 deduct the electric current flowing into Q1, therefore can determine the current value of two constant current sources to make JFET have maximum gain by the drain-source current required for the JFET of different model.In order to improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) further, the present invention adopts OPA683 type high-speed low-noise current mode operational amplifier to amplify the signal that prime exports.Due to the timeconstantτ 1 of prime output signal, τ 2 is larger, can not directly amplify this signal, otherwise in high count rate situation, the output of amplifier can expire amplitude overload, therefore first to carry out the shaping of CR differential to the signal that pre-amplifier exports, adjust its curring time, and then obtain desirable two exponential signals.
The signal that amplifier exports respectively through the process of weighted units and time discriminator unit, then will be sent in digital multichannel pulse scope-analyzer.Wherein signal weighting element circuit as shown in Figure 7, and this circuit for core, forms anti-phase summing circuit with LMH6639 type operational amplifier, superposed by the signal that each road amplifier exports, obtain total single channel energy signal.Meanwhile, the noise of each road signal also can be weighted circuit superposition, causes the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of single channel energy signal significantly to reduce, therefore needs to carry out filtering process to each road signal in advance.As shown in Figure 6, this circuit for core, forms Order RC active filter circuit with AD8011 type operational amplifier to filtering circuit, can the high frequency noise of effective filtering input signal, thus the noise of single channel energy signal after reducing superposition, raising signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).Time screens the implementation procedure of function as shown in Fig. 5 (a), and when charge amplifier has signal to export, the corresponding moment produces the square-wave signal corresponding with it, thus the address signal forming respective channel realizes screening function.The circuit of this time discriminator unit is as shown in Fig. 5 (b), it with CMP402 comparer for core, by arranging the reference voltage of input end, (reference voltage level should be greater than the noise figure of signal, be less than the amplitude of signal), can square-wave signal be produced when input signal is greater than reference voltage.
As shown in Figure 3, it take fpga chip as core to above-mentioned digital multichannel pulse scope-analyzer inner structure, and single channel energy signal and time discriminator signal are admitted to and process.Because the signal after RC active power filtering becomes gaussian signal, now be unfavorable for that digital multiple tracks processes, therefore need to carry out deconvolution computing, energy signal after superposition is reduced to two exponential signal, send into respectively again in fast passage and slow channel, amplitude through digital trapezoidal shaping is extracted, and finally forms power spectrum.
Because each Si-PIN detector and each road charge amplifier can not be completely the same, cause there are differences between different passage, therefore must carry out off-line correction to each passage and just can carry out spectral line synthesis, otherwise the energy resolution of synthesizing spectrum cannot be ensured.The implementation procedure of off-line correction function as shown in Figure 8, the square-wave signal that off-line correction module can export according to each time discriminator circuit judges the channel address corresponding to each signal in single channel energy signal, and then the correction factor (correction factor is the binary relation formula of establishing out according to the error between each passage and reference channel) of respective channel is multiplied by when slow channel trapezoidal shaping, thus obtain accurate signal amplitude, improve system capacity resolution.
The advantage of the program mainly contains following 3 points: 1. the single detector adopting detector array to instead of routine increases the useful area of detector sensitive volume, improves the counting rate of detector.2. adopt charge amplifier array to replace conventional single charge amplifier, significantly can reduce equivalent input capacitance, reduce equivalent noise charge, improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).3. increase off-line correction function, signal amplitude can be extracted the most accurately, improve system capacity resolution.
Although the embodiment disclosed by the present invention is as above, the embodiment that described content just adopts for the ease of understanding the present invention, and be not used to limit the present invention.Technician in any the technical field of the invention; under the prerequisite not departing from the spirit and scope disclosed by the present invention; any amendment and change can be done what implement in form and in details; but scope of patent protection of the present invention, the scope that still must define with appending claims is as the criterion.
Claims (6)
1. the high-resolution X-ray energy spectrometer based on Si-PIN detector array, it is characterized in that, described X-ray energy spectrometer comprises Si-PIN detector array, charge amplifier array, RC active power filtering unit, signal weighting unit, time discriminator unit and digital multichannel pulse scope-analyzer;
Described Si-PIN detector array be by Si-PIN detector set synthesize m capable × detector array that arranges of n, all Si-PIN detector negative electrodes are connected, and every a line Si-PIN detector anode is in parallel, and connects high-voltage power supply by biasing resistor;
Described every a line Si-PIN detector uses same charge amplifier, the charge amplifier composition charge amplifier array used between different rows;
The X ray received is converted to charge signal by Si-PIN detector array, and obtains core pulse signal after being amplified by charge amplifier array.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the high-resolution X-ray energy spectrometer of Si-PIN detector array, it is characterized in that, described charge amplifier array is the capacitance-resistance reaction type electric charge sensitive amplifier array of being powered respectively by n road low noise power supply module, and tie-time discriminator circuit and RC active filter circuit respectively after each road charge amplifier in charge amplifier array.
3. as claimed in claim 2 based on the high-resolution X-ray energy spectrometer of Si-PIN detector array, it is characterized in that, signal after the filtering of RC active filter circuit is shaped forms the energy signal of single channel after weighting circuit superposition, after this energy signal is conveyed into and processes in digital multi-channel energy spectrometer together with the time discriminator signal in time discriminator circuit, export X-ray energy spectrum.
4. as claimed in claim 1 based on the high-resolution X-ray energy spectrometer of Si-PIN detector array, it is characterized in that, described time discriminator unit judges by time discriminator circuit the time that each channel current pulse signal produces, and determine the channel address information in total single channel energy signal corresponding to each signal according to the described time, process for off-line correction module.
5. as claimed in claim 1 based on the high-resolution X-ray energy spectrometer of Si-PIN detector array, it is characterized in that, by signal weighting circuit in RC active filter circuit in RC active power filtering unit and signal weighting unit by the energy signal deconvolution process after filtration combined weighted, obtain two exponential signals of low noise.
6. as claimed in claim 4 based on the high-resolution X-ray energy spectrometer of Si-PIN detector array, it is characterized in that, described off-line correction module judges the channel address corresponding to each signal of single channel energy signal according to the n road time signal that time discriminator unit provides, thus the correction factor being multiplied by respective channel when trapezoidal shaping extracts accurate pulse amplitude values.
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| CN106353788A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-01-25 | 成都理工大学 | Analog digital mixed pulse amplitude analyzer and analysis technology thereof |
| CN106680863A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-17 | 烟台大学 | Neutron tube |
| CN109602438A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-12 | 彭浩 | The whole body PET data acquisition method and system of high reusing degree |
| CN109743025A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-05-10 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | A kind of wide input charge sense amplifier based on charge distribution network |
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| CN106353788A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-01-25 | 成都理工大学 | Analog digital mixed pulse amplitude analyzer and analysis technology thereof |
| CN106353788B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2019-03-08 | 成都理工大学 | Analog-digital hybrid formula pulse-height analyzer and its analysis method |
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| CN111245378B (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2023-06-16 | 江苏赛诺格兰医疗科技有限公司 | Summing circuit for detector in PET system |
| CN111638235A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-09-08 | 成都理工大学 | XACT-based radioactive waste solidification structure detection method |
| CN112526581A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-19 | 重庆邮电大学 | Time discriminator suitable for radiation detection front-end reading circuit |
| CN112946722A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | Polycrystalline diamond detector for high-energy X-ray absorption spectrum and detection method |
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| CN114114375A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-03-01 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Plasma thermionic measurement system and measurement method |
| CN114721029A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-07-08 | 山东大学 | Gamma photon detector reading electronic system based on inorganic perovskite |
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