CN204535861U - A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse ability to see things in their true light - Google Patents
A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse ability to see things in their true light Download PDFInfo
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- CN204535861U CN204535861U CN201520089173.5U CN201520089173U CN204535861U CN 204535861 U CN204535861 U CN 204535861U CN 201520089173 U CN201520089173 U CN 201520089173U CN 204535861 U CN204535861 U CN 204535861U
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Abstract
The single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse ability to see things in their true light of the present utility model comprises: resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, diode D1, electronic switch K1, comparer IC1 and operational amplifier IC2.Resistance R1, resistance R3, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, comparer IC1 and rheostat W1 form the adjustable comparer of threshold values.Resistance R2, resistance R4, diode D1, electronic switch K1, electric capacity C3 and operational amplifier IC2 composition counting trigger pulse integrating circuit.The utility model by distinguishing dark counting pulse to the differentiation of counting trigger pulse pulsewidth size, thus effectively reduces the dark counting of single-photon detection system.Compare with conventional refrigeration technology, the utility model has the advantage that structure is simple, cost is low, power consumption is little.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse ability to see things in their true light.
Background technology
Single-photon detecting survey technology is a kind of atomic weak light detection technology, has a wide range of applications in fields such as high-resolution spectra measurement, bioluminescence, quantum communications, atmospheric pollution detection, non-destructive species analysis, radioactivity detection, astronomical light-metering, optical time domain reflection, fiber distribution sensings.The photoelectric receiving device that single-photon detecting survey technology adopts mainly contains photomultiplier, avalanche photodide and superconducting nano-wire single-photon detectors.In the single-photon detection system adopting these photoelectric receiving devices, dark counting is its important noise source, and reducing dark counting is the important means that single-photon detection system improves detection sensitivity.Dark counting is mainly derived from the potential well of thermal excitation, tunneling and doping fault location, and thermal excitation can make electronics transit to blanking bar from filled band, can produce hole in filled band simultaneously, and these electron holes, after avalanche multiplication, can produce spurious count, i.e. so-called dark counting.
The method that tradition reduces dark counting mainly realizes by adopting cooling technic to reduce the temperature of photoelectric device, but this can increase the power consumption of system, cost and volume undoubtedly.In signal processing circuit in single-photon detection system, also dark counting can be reduced by the comparison threshold values increasing Discr., but prerequisite is this threshold values must be ensured to allow signal pulse pass through, and will leave surplus, therefore the method can only remove some dark counting pulses by a small margin.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide that a kind of structure is simple, cost is low, have the single photon counting discriminator circuit of dark counting pulse ability to see things in their true light.
The single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse ability to see things in their true light of the present utility model comprises: resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, diode D1, electronic switch K1, comparer IC1 and operational amplifier IC2, one end of electric capacity C5 is input end, the other end is connected with the positive terminal of comparer IC1, electric capacity C1 is connected direct supply with the one end after electric capacity C4 parallel connection jointly with the power end of comparer IC1 and one end of resistance R1, the other end after electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 parallel connection is connected to the ground, the other end of resistance R1 and one end of rheostat W1, the convertible tip of rheostat W1 and the end of oppisite phase of comparer IC1 are connected, the other end of rheostat W1 and the earth terminal of comparer IC1 are all connected to the ground, one end of resistance R3 is connected with the output terminal of one end of resistance R2 and comparer IC1, the other end of resistance R3 is the first output terminal, the other end of resistance R2 is connected with the positive terminal of diode D1, resistance R4, electric capacity C2, electronic switch K1 forms parallel network, one end of this parallel network is connected with the positive terminal of the end of oppisite phase of diode D1 and operational amplifier IC2, the other end of parallel network is connected to the ground, the control end of electronic switch K1 is control signal link, the end of oppisite phase of operational amplifier IC2 is connected with operational amplifier IC2 output terminal, this tie point is the second output terminal, the power end of operational amplifier IC2 and one end of electric capacity C3 connect direct supply jointly, the other end of electric capacity C3 and the earth terminal of operational amplifier IC2 are all connected to the ground.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
The pulse width with the single photon counting discriminator circuit root Ju dark counting pulse of dark counting pulse ability to see things in their true light of the present utility model has randomness, and single photon signal pulse width this feature relatively stable, corresponding integrating circuit is utilized to obtain the numerical value of corresponding counting trigger pulse pulsewidth size, and carry out logarithm value magnitude range in conjunction with computer system and judge, thus realize distinguishing dark counting pulse, effectively reduce the dark count numerical value of single-photon detection system, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of raising system, makes system obtain higher detection sensitivity.The utility model is compared with traditional cooling technic, has the advantages such as structure is simple, cost is low, power consumption is little.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the single photon counting discriminator circuit schematic diagram with dark counting pulse ability to see things in their true light of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the utility model application principle block diagram in single-photon detector system.
Embodiment
The utility model is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
With reference to Fig. 1, the single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse ability to see things in their true light of the present utility model comprises: resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, diode D1, electronic switch K1, comparer IC1 and operational amplifier IC2, one end of electric capacity C5 is input end IN, the other end is connected with the positive terminal of comparer IC1, electric capacity C1 is connected direct supply Vcc with the one end after electric capacity C4 parallel connection jointly with the power end of comparer IC1 and one end of resistance R1, the other end after electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 parallel connection is connected to the ground, the other end of resistance R1 and one end of rheostat W1, the convertible tip of rheostat W1 and the end of oppisite phase of comparer IC1 are connected, the other end of rheostat W1 and the earth terminal of comparer IC1 are all connected to the ground, one end of resistance R3 is connected with the output terminal of one end of resistance R2 and comparer IC1, the other end of resistance R3 is the first output terminal OUT1, the other end of resistance R2 is connected with the positive terminal of diode D1, resistance R4, electric capacity C2, electronic switch K1 forms parallel network, one end of this parallel network is connected with the positive terminal of the end of oppisite phase of diode D1 and operational amplifier IC2, the other end of parallel network is connected to the ground, the control end of electronic switch K1 is control signal link CONTROL, the end of oppisite phase of operational amplifier IC2 is connected with operational amplifier IC2 output terminal, this tie point is the second output terminal OUT2, the power end of operational amplifier IC2 and one end of electric capacity C3 meet direct supply Vcc jointly, the other end of electric capacity C3 and the earth terminal of operational amplifier IC2 are all connected to the ground.
In Fig. 1, IN is signal input part, is connected in use with the output terminal of the amplifier of single-photon detection system.Electric capacity C5 is capacitance, for isolated DC signal.Resistance R1 and rheostat W1 forms potential-divider network, and the reversed-phase output for comparer IC1 provides adjustable comparative voltage.The power end that the parallel network that electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 form is mainly comparer provides a good AC earth passage, to rebound the interference of signal and other noise to prevent ground wire.Resistance R3 is as the output isolation resistance of comparer.In use, the first output terminal OUT1 needs to be connected with the counter input in single-photon detection system.Resistance R2, diode D1, electric capacity C2, resistance R4, electronic switch K1 and operational amplifier IC2 forms the controlled integrating circuit of an electric discharge, this integrating circuit can charge to the counting start pulse signal that comparer IC2 exports, and in electric capacity C2, preserve the magnitude of voltage corresponding with exporting pulse, operational amplifier IC2 forms a follower, the output terminal of this follower is as the second output terminal OUT2, need in use to be connected with the input end of the analog to digital converter in single-photon detection system, follower is a buffering link, mainly play a part to send the magnitude of voltage of electric capacity C2 to analog to digital converter.The control end CONTROL of electronic switch K1 needs to be connected with the control output end of the computer control system CPU in single-photon detection system in use, when after the data conversion that the analog to digital converter in single-photon detection system completes follower output voltage values, cpu system sends a high-level control signal by electronic switch K1 conducting, now electric capacity C2 by electronic switch K1 to ground end rapid discharge, after electric capacity C2 has discharged, cpu system sends again a low level signal and is closed by electronic switch K1, electric capacity C2 is now in electric charge cleared condition, and wait for next counting trigger pulse charging process.The power end that electric capacity C3 is mainly follower provides a good AC earth passage, to rebound the interference of signal and other noise to prevent ground wire.
Comparer IC1 can adopt high speed integrated comparator, as MAX9600, MAX913 etc. that Maxim company produces, can require to select suitable model according to the speed responsive of whole system.Operational amplifier IC2 can adopt high speed operation amplifier, as the LMH6624 that National company produces, also can choose the best model of cost performance according to the operating frequency requirements of single-photon detection system.Diode D1 adopts quick schottky diode, as MUR160 etc.Electronic switch can select high-speed electronic switch integrated circuit, as CD4066, also can replace with quick N channel field-effect pipe.Electric capacity C2 should adopt the high speed ceramic disc capacitor of high stable, low distribution parameter.Electric capacity C3, electric capacity C1 should adopt the high speed ceramic disc capacitor of low distribution parameter, and value is 0.1 μ about F, also can replace with the high speed ceramic disc capacitor of multiple parallel connection.Electric capacity C4 should adopt tantalum electric capacity, and value is 10 μ about F.The difference of the integrated circuit that the value of direct supply Vcc is visual adopted and getting, is generally 3.3V or 5V.In order to reduce the impact of device distributed inductance, device used adopts undersized surface to seal dress as far as possible.When making printed circuit board (PCB), for reducing the impact of circuit board distribution parameter less as far as possible, fast circuit principle of design designing printed circuit board should be followed, as: the layout of components and parts should be as far as possible compact, and the lead-in wire between device should be as far as possible short, should arrange large-area ground wire etc.
The principle of work with the single photon counting discriminator circuit of dark counting pulse ability to see things in their true light of the present utility model is set forth further below in conjunction with Fig. 2.Fig. 2 is a kind of single-photon detection system adopting avalanche optoelectronic two pole, in order to improve the avalanche gain of avalanche diode, improve detection sensitivity, under the avalanche photodide APD of this system is in Geiger mode angular position digitizer (Geiger mode), namely reverse bias voltage is higher than the working method of avalanche voltage.During bias voltage is higher than avalanche voltage, useful photon will trigger APD and produce avalanche signal, in order to detect next photon, bias voltage must be reduced to below avalanche voltage, make avalanche diode return to original state.This mode of operation not only can improve the life-span of avalanche diode, and effectively can reduce dark counting.In Fig. 2 system, when effective single photon does not arrive, the bias voltage of APD is provided by DC offset voltage, and this DC offset voltage is lower than the avalanche voltage of APD, and now APD is in muting sensitive original state.When effective single photon arrives, computer control system CPU sends a trigger pip to pulsed bias, trigger pulse bias voltage sends a pulse voltage to APD, APD is made to be in avalanche voltage state, thus make APD produce snowslide pulse signal under useful photon triggers, this snowslide pulse signal amplifies through amplifier, give the positive terminal of comparer IC1, comparer is made to export a digital counting start pulse signal and give counter through resistance R3, counter carries out accumulated counts to the counting trigger pulse received at every turn and gives CPU by final result, accumulated counts value final for counter is crossed snowslide triggering times divided by total by CPU, obtain the acquisition probability of useful photon and carry out measurement result analysis according to probability size.In order to have enough release times to APD and suppress afterpulse (after pulse, because the doping fault location of avalanche diode forms potential well, during avalanche signal, potential well captures charge carrier and discharges at follow-up time, when next avalanche voltage trigger action, possibility triggering avalanche signal, causes spurious count.) impact, the trigger interval of snowslide pulse voltage should be enough large, generally at a few more than μ s.Therefore, when snowslide pulse voltage trigger interval should enough large time, the impact of afterpulse is just very little.Rolling counters forward triggers and causes primarily of two kinds of pulses, and one is effective single photon signal pulse, and one is dark counting pulse.Because dark counting pulse source is in noise, its pulse width has randomness, and effectively the width of single photon signal pulse is then relatively stable, and the pulsewidth size therefore by counting trigger pulse differentiates whether be effective single photon signal pulse.The controlled integrating circuit of electric discharge be made up of resistance R2, diode D1, electric capacity C2, resistance R4, electronic switch K1 and operational amplifier in Fig. 2 is exactly play such differentiation effect.When comparer exports counting trigger pulse, counting trigger pulse is through resistance R2, diode D1 charges to electric capacity C2, C2 obtains the magnitude of voltage corresponding with counting trigger pulse width size, this voltage is given after analog to digital converter converts analog voltage to digital quantity through the follower that operational amplifier IC2 forms and is given CPU, CPU judges whether this numerical value is in the Effective Numerical scope of corresponding effectively single photon pulses width, this counting is just designated as effectively by the words being, it is invalid that no words are just designated as, the accumulated counts value of counter is deducted cumulative invalid counting value as final count value by final CPU, thus greatly reduce the impact of dark counting.
In the controlled integrating circuit of electric discharge be made up of resistance R2, diode D1, electric capacity C2, resistance R4 and electronic switch K1, resistance R2, diode D1 and electric capacity C2 form charge circuit, its charging rate is R2 × C2, its value at least should be greater than the rising edge of maximum effective single photon trigger pulse, saturated to prevent the magnitude of voltage of electric capacity C2 from producing when effective single photon trigger pulse charges.Electric capacity C2 and resistance R4 forms a discharge loop slowly in the electronic switch K1 down periods, and its discharge time constant is R4 × C2, and its value much larger than R2 × C2, thus should ensure that C2 can keep enough magnitudes of voltage to read for analog to digital converter.
Claims (1)
1. one kind has the single photon counting discriminator circuit of dark counting pulse ability to see things in their true light, it is characterized in that comprising: resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, diode D1, electronic switch K1, comparer IC1 and operational amplifier IC2, one end of electric capacity C5 is input end IN, the other end is connected with the positive terminal of comparer IC1, electric capacity C1 is connected direct supply Vcc with the one end after electric capacity C4 parallel connection jointly with the power end of comparer IC1 and one end of resistance R1, the other end after electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 parallel connection is connected to the ground, the other end of resistance R1 and one end of rheostat W1, the convertible tip of rheostat W1 and the end of oppisite phase of comparer IC1 are connected, the other end of rheostat W1 and the earth terminal of comparer IC1 are all connected to the ground, one end of resistance R3 is connected with the output terminal of one end of resistance R2 and comparer IC1, the other end of resistance R3 is the first output terminal OUT1, the other end of resistance R2 is connected with the positive terminal of diode D1, resistance R4, electric capacity C2, electronic switch K1 forms parallel network, one end of this parallel network is connected with the positive terminal of the end of oppisite phase of diode D1 and operational amplifier IC2, the other end of parallel network is connected to the ground, the control end of electronic switch K1 is control signal link CONTROL, the end of oppisite phase of operational amplifier IC2 is connected with operational amplifier IC2 output terminal, this tie point is the second output terminal OUT2, the power end of operational amplifier IC2 and one end of electric capacity C3 meet direct supply Vcc jointly, the other end of electric capacity C3 and the earth terminal of operational amplifier IC2 are all connected to the ground.
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| CN201520089173.5U CN204535861U (en) | 2015-02-09 | 2015-02-09 | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse ability to see things in their true light |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104697646A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-10 | 中国计量学院 | Single photon counting identifier circuit with dark counting pulse discrimination |
| CN110895336A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2020-03-20 | 原相科技股份有限公司 | Object detection device based on avalanche diode |
| CN110987201A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 国开启科量子技术(北京)有限公司 | Method and device for realizing single photon detector dead time control circuit |
| CN112393810A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2021-02-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Single photon detection device and method |
-
2015
- 2015-02-09 CN CN201520089173.5U patent/CN204535861U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104697646A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-10 | 中国计量学院 | Single photon counting identifier circuit with dark counting pulse discrimination |
| CN104697646B (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2017-06-16 | 中国计量学院 | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with dark counting pulse discrimination power |
| CN110895336A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2020-03-20 | 原相科技股份有限公司 | Object detection device based on avalanche diode |
| CN110895336B (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2022-05-27 | 原相科技股份有限公司 | Object detection device based on avalanche diode |
| CN112393810A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2021-02-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Single photon detection device and method |
| CN112393810B (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2022-02-18 | 华为技术有限公司 | Single photon detection device and method |
| US11686616B2 (en) | 2019-08-16 | 2023-06-27 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Single-photon detection apparatus and method comprising a phase-reversed reflection branch and a phase-unreversed reflection branch |
| CN110987201A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 国开启科量子技术(北京)有限公司 | Method and device for realizing single photon detector dead time control circuit |
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Granted publication date: 20150805 Effective date of abandoning: 20170616 |