CN203116857U - High-speed gate-mode detection circuit applicable to MPPCs - Google Patents
High-speed gate-mode detection circuit applicable to MPPCs Download PDFInfo
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- CN203116857U CN203116857U CN 201320071148 CN201320071148U CN203116857U CN 203116857 U CN203116857 U CN 203116857U CN 201320071148 CN201320071148 CN 201320071148 CN 201320071148 U CN201320071148 U CN 201320071148U CN 203116857 U CN203116857 U CN 203116857U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a high-speed gate-mode detection circuit applicable to MPPCs and relates to an MPPC bias circuit, a sine gate module and a signal extraction module. The MPPC bias circuit is formed by connecting an MPPC, a direct-current bias voltage, a current limiting resistor and a sampling resistor in series, the sine gate module is connected with the anode of the MPPC, and the signal extraction module is connected with the cathode of the MPPC. Sine wave gated pulses of the sine gate module can quickly control the MPPC to be switched between an avalanche mode and a linear mode, and the signal extraction module can maintain the integrity of avalanche signals to the greatest extent and obtain avalanche signals carrying information about the photon number. The high-speed gate-mode detection circuit applicable to MPPCs has the advantages that the defects of low speed and large after-pulse effect in traditional passive inhibition mode circuit detection are overcome, the problem of harmonic distortion of avalanche signals under a previous gated detection mode is improved, the high-speed gate-mode detection circuit can be applied to weak light detection fields such as photon-number-distinguishable detection, and the capability of the MPPC in photon number distinguishing can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to sensitive detecting technique, is specifically related to the high-speed door mode detection circuit of a kind of MPPC of being applicable to.
Background technology
In sensitive photodetection field, based on the research of photomultiplier (PMT) and avalanche photo diode (APD) detector acquired very large progress.In recent years, especially can realize the detection of single photon level based on the detector of avalanche photodide, improve the application of sensitive photodetection greatly.
Single avalanche photodide, silicon-avalanche photodide (Si APD) for example, when its bias voltage surpasses avalanche breakdown voltage, APD just is operated in the Geiger pattern, the photo-generated carrier of single photon excitation can cause the snowslide of self-holding property, through back-end circuit the extraction of snowslide pulse is amplified, can obtain the avalanche signal of corresponding single photon, realize the detection to single photon.Be operated in APD under the Geiger pattern for single, the snowslide amplitude that is arrived the avalanche signal amplitude that excites and single photon excitation by a plurality of photons simultaneously is about the same, can not use existing scientific apparatus measures and differentiation, is difficult to realize the distinguishable detection of photon number.
Many pixels photon counter (MPPC) is the Si APD array of the bidimensional of a kind of M * N, and these Si APD have common negative electrode and anode output.The voltage breakdown that surpasses them when MPPC two ends bias voltage, these Si APD just are operated in the Geiger pattern, each Si APD is when receiving photon, the snowslide that all may be excited and produce self-holding property, form macroscopical avalanche current pulse, can be detected by traditional current detection circuit, be many pixels single-photon detector that has M * N Si APD so be operated in the MPPC of Geiger pattern.Because common cathode and anode output on all Si APD structure among the MPPC, when a plurality of photons incide on the different MPPC simultaneously, the final linear superposition output of the avalanche current that these Si APD produce, the snowslide pulse height is directly proportional with the Si APD quantity that self-holding snowslide takes place, so can differentiate the photon number that arrives on the MPPC by the snowslide pulse height of differentiating MPPC, realize the distinguishable detection of photon number.The distinguishable characteristic of this photon number makes MPPC produce in random number, and fluorescence detection has very big prospect in the application such as the detection of object diffuse reflectance and photon counting laser ranging technique.
Distinguishable in order to realize photon number, MPPC needs to suppress the detection circuit of the self-holding snowslide that incident photon produces, and avoids burning out device.The passive inhibition circuit of general employing, be that MPPC connects with the big resistance of current limliting, when snowslide takes place in any one or a plurality of Si APD among the MPPC, can produce bigger avalanche current, avalanche current flows through the big resistance of current limliting and forms pressure drop, makes the bias voltage that is carried in the MPPC two ends reduce, and then suppressed snowslide, bias voltage is lower than the voltage breakdown of MPPC this moment, and the last all Si APD of MPPC leave the Geiger pattern, and therefore MPPC can not detection of photons in process of inhibition.Along with constantly reducing of avalanche current, the pressure drop at big resistance two ends also decreases, and the bias voltage of MPPC returns to the state before the snowslide again, can survey single photon again.The avalanche signal that extracts amplifies through the rear end again, is suitable for the signal of digital-to-analog conversion after obtaining amplifying.To digital signal, just can read corresponding photon number through analog signal conversion, realize the distinguishable detection of photon number.
Above-mentioned passive suppression mode, be that junction capacity and the distributed capacitance by the big resistance of current limliting and MPPC determined the release time of MPPC, resistance is more big, the snowslide inhibition is more good, but required release time is also more of a specified duration, and the value of resistance is tens of kilohms of magnitudes usually, release time is in the microsecond magnitude, therefore, single photon detection speed is very low under the Passive Mode, is usually less than 1MHz.In addition, in the passive inhibition circuit, because the snowslide longer duration, so the afterpulse effect of MPPC is comparatively serious.The weak point of this pattern is exactly, and detection rate is slow, and afterpulse is big, and the dead time is long, has hindered application development.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is according to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, the high-speed door mode detection circuit of a kind of MPPC of being applicable to is provided, sinusoidal door module is by adopting the detection of the low light level signal of sinusoidal door detection mode control MPPC in this detection circuit, extract avalanche signal by adopting the signal extraction module, to realize the distinguishable detection of MPPC photon number at a high speed, it is low to improve the Passive Mode detection rate, the deficiency that the afterpulse effect is big.
The utility model purpose realizes being finished by following technical scheme:
A kind of high-speed door mode detection circuit that is applicable to MPPC, relate to the MPPC biasing circuit, described MPPC biasing circuit is composed in series by described MPPC and dc offset voltage, current-limiting resistance and sample resistance, it is characterized in that described detection circuit is made up of sinusoidal door module and signal extraction module, described sinusoidal door module links to each other with the negative electrode of described MPPC, and described signal extraction module links to each other with the anode of described MPPC.
Described sinusoidal door module comprises sine-wave generator, the signal amplifier that links to each other with described sine-wave generator and the rejection filter that links to each other with described signal amplifier, and described rejection filter links to each other with the negative electrode of described MPPC.
Described signal extraction module comprises two-stage low-pass filter and the amplifier that links to each other with described two-stage low-pass filter, and described two-stage low-pass filter links to each other with the anode of described MPPC through described sample resistance.
The utility model has the advantages that sine door Detection Techniques are applied to MPPC, and the peak pulse of sinusoidal door forward makes MPPC have sensitive detectivity, and negative-going pulse is realized the function of " inhibition "; Make high-speed inspection become possibility the release time of not only having reduced detector, and improved the photon number resolution characteristic of detector when high speed operation; Because sinusoidal wave spectrum component is single, the additional noise of introducing is little, thus the use of sinusoidal door more follow-up signal handle and provide convenience, integral body to improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of system; Adopt low-pass filter to replace rejection filter, reduced harmonic distortion problems as far as possible, guaranteed the integrality of snowslide electric signal, further improved the photon number resolution characteristic.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is system architecture synoptic diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the signal schematic representation of MPPC negative electrode of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is practical circuit figure of the present utility model.
Embodiment
Feature of the present utility model and other correlated characteristic are described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, so that technician's of the same trade understanding:
Embodiment: as shown in Figure 1, present embodiment is specially a kind of high-speed door mode detection circuit that is applicable to many pixels photon counter (MPPC), relate to the MPPC biasing circuit, this MPPC biasing circuit is composed in series by MPPC and dc offset voltage, current-limiting resistance R1 and sample resistance R2, this detection circuit adopts sinusoidal door model detection circuit, mainly formed by sinusoidal door module and signal extraction module, this sine door module links to each other with the negative electrode of MPPC, and this signal extraction module links to each other with the anode of MPPC.
Sinusoidal wave door module, comprising sine-wave generator U0, signal amplifier U1, rejection filter U2, each element is connected successively.Sine-wave generator U0 produces sinusoidal wave, after amplifying by amplifier U1, passes through rejection filter U2 filtering sideband and harmonic noise again, and the sine wave signal that obtains having the certain amplitude frequency is coupling on the direct current biasing, is loaded into the MPPC negative electrode.Forward peak moment of sinusoidal door has been improved the bias voltage of MPPC, make Si APD (silicon-avalanche photodide) wherein surpass voltage breakdown, therefore only at sinusoidal door forward peak in the burst length MPPC just be in the Geiger pattern, and its bias voltage moment of MPPC in the time of negative-going pulse is dragged down, realize the function of " burying in oblivion ", make afterpulse suppress fast, forward the linear probing pattern to, when arriving Deng direct impulse, quickly recover to the work of snowslide detection mode again, this makes calculates mentally number and afterpulse reduces greatly.
The signal extraction module, comprising two-stage low-pass filter (being low-pass filter U3 and U4), amplifier U5, each element is connected successively.MPPC is operated under the avalanche mode, and after having photon excitation MPPC to produce avalanche signal, sample resistance R1 extracts signal, after the two-stage low-pass filter is removed the MPPC capacitor noise, amplifies through amplifier, obtains avalanche signal, realizes the distinguishable detection of photon number.
At first, be carried in the Dc bias at MPPC two ends less than its voltage breakdown, the moment in that photon arrives, produce the pulse of a sinusoidal wave forward detection door synchronously, AC coupling is raised the MPPC both end voltage to avalanche voltage to the negative electrode of MPPC.Under this pattern, sinusoidal wave direct impulse moment has been improved the bias voltage of MPPC, make it surpass voltage breakdown, therefore only in gate pulse MPPC just be in the Geiger pattern, and other the time MPPC two ends because the effect of sinusoidal door negative-going pulse is pulled down under the voltage breakdown rapidly, make it be in the linear probing pattern, do not respond single photon, effectively suppressed afterpulse, so greatly reduce yet and calculate mentally number.Because the equivalent junction capacitance of MPPC can make the gate pulse of input produce at sample resistance and discharge and recharge pulse, usually be referred to as spike noise, this noise amplitude increases along with the raising of repetition frequency, and snowslide is submerged among the spike noise, need to suppress spike noise, could extract avalanche signal.Because the noise spectrum composition that sinusoidal door produces is simple, therefore the method that adopts low-pass filtering is directly with the noise elimination, and circuit is simple.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as the signal schematic representation of MPPC negative electrode, the peak pulse of sinusoidal door forward makes MPPC have sensitive detectivity, and negative-going pulse is realized the function of " inhibition ".Make high-speed inspection become possibility the release time of not only having reduced detector, and improved the photon number resolution characteristic of detector when high speed operation.Because sinusoidal wave spectrum component is single, the additional noise of introducing is little, thus the use of sinusoidal door more follow-up signal handle and provide convenience, integral body to improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of system.In addition, because the rejection filter that uses in traditional signal processing circuit can cause that time-delay or the decay of signal different frequency composition differ, cause bigger harmonic distortion, make that the difference between the avalanche electroimpulse signal that different photon number cause is less, cause the photon number resolution characteristic to die down.
Be illustrated in figure 3 as concrete practical circuit figure, it is made up of MPPC biasing circuit, sinusoidal wave door module and signal extraction module.
The MPPC biasing circuit is by MPPC and dc offset voltage V
BiasAnd current-limiting resistance R1, sample resistance R2 be composed in series, wherein dc bias source V
BiasBe about 70.5V, the voltage breakdown of MPPC is 69.7V, current-limiting resistance R
qBe about 10 kilo-ohms.
Sinusoidal wave door module is made up of sine-wave generator U0, high speed amplifier U1, rejection filter.Sine-wave generator U0 produces the 200MHz sine wave signal, through high speed amplifier U1 signal amplitude is amplified to 6 Vpp, the process centre frequency is 200MHz, bandwidth is that the rejection filter elimination of 10MHz removes sideband noise and the harmonic noise that is exaggerated, and obtains the sinusoidal wave gate signal of 200MHz of 6 Vpp.This signal is coupled on the direct current biasing by capacitor C 1, and the signal loading of coupling is to the negative electrode of MPPC.When sinusoidal door forward peak is come, the voltage instantaneous at MPPC two ends is lifted on the avalanche voltage, make MPPC be operated in avalanche condition, this moment, MPPC can respond single photon, and when sinusoidal door negative sense peak is come, the voltage instantaneous at MPPC two ends is pulled down under the avalanche voltage, make MPPC be in linear model, suppress simultaneously avalanche current fast, when next cycle forward peak arrives by the time, return to the snowslide detection mode again, realize the high-speed inspection pattern of sinusoidal gate.After photon triggers detector and forms the snowslide pulse, owing to charge carrier reason such as release not exclusively, if it is bigger not take corresponding measure to produce the probability of afterpulse, influence the extraction of signal and for entering detection next time fast bigger influence is arranged.Sinusoidal door is for general pulse gate, and its negative sense peak can be clamped down on the voltage at MPPC two ends in voltage breakdown once fully, has played good effect for suppressing afterpulse.
The signal extraction module is by sample resistance R
s, low-pass filter U3, low-pass filter U4, amplifier U2 form.Photo-generated carrier forms avalanche current through dynode layer, through the sample resistance R in 50 Europe
sConvert current signal to voltage signal, form the snowslide pulse.Through the filtering of two-stage low-pass filter, cutoff frequency 185MHz, decay 40dB when 200MHz, because what adopt is sinusoidal door, so the frequency spectrum that discharges and recharges signal (spike noise) of its generation is simple, mainly be 200MHz and harmonic wave thereof, utilize low-pass filter to suppress well because the spike noise that gate-control signal causes.The more important thing is, amplitude and the phase relation of each spectrum component of avalanche signal are kept to the full extent, amplify through amplifier U2 then, and the avalanche signal that obtains is along with the difference of photon number, amplitude respective change and layering are clear, have realized the distinguishable detection of photon number.(DSA70604 Tektronix), can see the avalanche signal that different photon number excite by oscillograph.
Claims (3)
1. high-speed door mode detection circuit that is applicable to MPPC, relate to the MPPC biasing circuit, described MPPC biasing circuit is composed in series by described MPPC and dc offset voltage, current-limiting resistance and sample resistance, it is characterized in that described detection circuit is made up of sinusoidal door module and signal extraction module, described sinusoidal door module links to each other with the negative electrode of described MPPC, and described signal extraction module links to each other with the anode of described MPPC.
2. a kind of high-speed door mode detection circuit that is applicable to MPPC according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described sinusoidal door module comprises sine-wave generator, the signal amplifier that links to each other with described sine-wave generator, and the rejection filter that links to each other with described signal amplifier, described rejection filter links to each other with the negative electrode of described MPPC.
3. a kind of high-speed door mode detection circuit that is applicable to MPPC according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described signal extraction module comprises two-stage low-pass filter and the amplifier that links to each other with described two-stage low-pass filter, described two-stage low-pass filter links to each other with the anode of described MPPC through described sample resistance.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106940221A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-07-11 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of avalanche signal discriminating method and device, ultrared single-photon detector |
| CN107167251A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-09-15 | 浙江九州量子信息技术股份有限公司 | A kind of single-photon detector based on high frequency sinusoidal gate pulse pattern |
| CN108139468A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2018-06-08 | 浜松光子学株式会社 | Range unit |
| CN109471009A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-15 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Bias current value detection circuit and single-photon detector intensity light attack detection circuit, method |
| CN109471611A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-03-15 | 上海理工大学 | Random-number-generating system and method based on photon numbers detection |
| CN111121984A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-05-08 | 重庆邮电大学 | Avalanche photodetector capable of working in dual modes |
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2013
- 2013-02-07 CN CN 201320071148 patent/CN203116857U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108139468A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2018-06-08 | 浜松光子学株式会社 | Range unit |
| CN106940221A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-07-11 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of avalanche signal discriminating method and device, ultrared single-photon detector |
| CN106940221B (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2020-05-01 | 中国科学技术大学 | Avalanche signal discrimination method and device and infrared single-photon detector |
| CN107167251A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-09-15 | 浙江九州量子信息技术股份有限公司 | A kind of single-photon detector based on high frequency sinusoidal gate pulse pattern |
| CN107167251B (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2023-08-11 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Single photon detector based on high-frequency sine gate pulse mode |
| CN109471009A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-15 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Bias current value detection circuit and single-photon detector intensity light attack detection circuit, method |
| CN109471009B (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2023-11-03 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Bias value detection circuit and single photon detector strong light attack detection circuit and method |
| CN109471611A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-03-15 | 上海理工大学 | Random-number-generating system and method based on photon numbers detection |
| CN111121984A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-05-08 | 重庆邮电大学 | Avalanche photodetector capable of working in dual modes |
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