CN107450092A - For measuring the device of photon information - Google Patents
For measuring the device of photon information Download PDFInfo
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- CN107450092A CN107450092A CN201710727991.7A CN201710727991A CN107450092A CN 107450092 A CN107450092 A CN 107450092A CN 201710727991 A CN201710727991 A CN 201710727991A CN 107450092 A CN107450092 A CN 107450092A
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
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Abstract
A kind of device for being used to measure photon information is disclosed, including main measuring circuit and time measuring circuit, time measuring circuit include：Modular converter, the initial signal for photoelectric sensor to be exported are converted to the conversion signal of voltage form；Derivative module, its input connect the output end of modular converter, for carrying out differential to conversion signal and exporting differential signal；First comparator, the output end of one input connection derivative module and another input accesses the first datum, for compared with the first datum and differential signal to be generated into the first comparison signal；And time measurement module, its input connect the output end of first comparator, for measuring the arrival time for the high-energy photon that photoelectric sensor detects according to the first comparison signal；Main measuring circuit is used to receive initial signal and the relevant information of high-energy photon is determined using initial signal.The device can realize the arrival time to high-energy photon and the high-acruracy survey of other information.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to circuit field, in particular it relates to a kind of device for being used to measure photon information.
Background technology
Scintillation crystal, light are generally comprised in the front-end detection device of high-energy photon (X ray, gamma photons etc.) measuring system
Photodetector (or photoelectric sensor) and photon survey front-end circuit three parts.After high-energy photon interacts with scintillation crystal
Produce the relatively low visible ray subgroup of energy.The optical signal that visible ray subgroup carries is converted to electric signal by photoelectric sensor.Photon
The main purpose of measuring nose circuit be by measuring electric signal caused by photoelectric sensor, come obtain the energy of high-energy photon and
Arrival time.For example, in Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission imaging (SPECT) system, gamma photons are with dodging
Bright crystal, such as yttrium luetcium silicate (LYSO) crystal, the relatively low visible ray subgroup of energy is produced after interaction.Photoelectric sensor,
Such as photomultiplier (PMT) or silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) etc., the optical signal that visible ray subgroup carries is converted to electricity
Signal.Electric signal caused by photon survey front-end circuit measurement photoelectric sensor, obtain energy and the arrival time of gamma photons.
In order to avoid the energy calculated by analog-digital converter (ADC) sampling in routine techniques is by photoelectric sensor
The problem of influence of the initial time of the electric signal of output, a kind of improved photon survey front-end circuit is proposed at present, it is utilized
The electric signal that integration module exports to photoelectric sensor integrates, when the electric charge accumulated in integration module reaches a certain amount of,
Can be with start pulse signal.It may then based on pulse signal and obtain the information such as energy and the arrival time of high-energy photon.
When measuring the arrival time of high-energy photon using improved photon survey front-end circuit, problems be present.Research
Prove, the time that caused preceding several optical photons occur on scintillation crystal, Ke Yiqu are applied to by measuring high-energy photon
Obtain temporal resolution most preferably.Therefore, in improved photon survey front-end circuit, it is expected that by initialization system parameter so that
Triggered after integration module have accumulated n (such as 5) electric charges caused by optical photon, pulse of the generation available for time measurement
Signal.However, this method can not necessarily obtain optimal temporal resolution, reason is as follows：(1), most of such as SiPM
Photoelectric sensor it is longer to the response time of single optical photon, caused electric charge needs the long period to be all integrated
Module collection arrives.So, the waveform of electric signal caused by multiple optical photons there may be overlapping in time.That is,
Second may be had been received by when integration module is not yet fully finished to the integration of electric signal caused by first optical photon
Electric signal caused by individual optical photon simultaneously starts to integrate the electric signal.Therefore, integration module accumulates n optical photon production
Raw electric charge and the time of start pulse signal, it is longer than the time that n-th of optical photon actually occurs.For example, during n=5, triggering
Time may be the more than tenth time that even which ten optical photon occurs.(2), under the conditions of current technology, such as
Dark incident rate in SiPM photoelectric sensor is higher.Electric charge can be accumulated in integration module caused by clandestine or illicit action part.Work as high energy light
When son is applied on scintillation crystal, if integration module has accumulated which electric charge caused by m clandestine or illicit action part, triggering occurs in theory
After integration module have accumulated electric charge caused by the n-th-m optical photons, rather than n-th.Due to clandestine or illicit action part and high-energy photon
All occur at random, therefore m value may be uniformly distributed in the range of 0~n-1.Therefore, produce and can be used for time measurement
Pulse signal when, the electric charge accumulated as caused by high-energy photon in integration module is not necessarily caused by n optical photon
Electric charge, and it is probably electric charge caused by any number of optical photon in the range of 1~n.That is, for judging height
The electric charge baseline of the arrival time of energy photon may drift about, therefore measure obtained arrival time and actual time of arrival phase
Than it can also happen that drift.For these reasons, when measuring the arrival of high-energy photon using improved photon survey front-end circuit
Between when, measurement accuracy may be affected.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a kind of device for being used to measure photon information, to solve to deposit in the prior art at least in part
Above mentioned problem.
The content of the invention
In order to solve problems of the prior art at least in part, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of
For measuring the device of photon information.The device includes main measuring circuit and time measuring circuit.Time measuring circuit includes：Turn
Block is changed the mold, the initial signal for photoelectric sensor to be exported is converted to the conversion signal of voltage form；Derivative module, it is described micro-
The input of sub-module connects the output end of the modular converter, and the derivative module is used to carry out differential to the conversion signal
And export differential signal；First comparator, an input of the first comparator connect the output end of the derivative module
And another input of the first comparator accesses the first datum, the first comparator is used to believe the differential
Number compared with first datum and generate the first comparison signal；And time measurement module, the time measurement
The input of module connects the output end of the first comparator, and the time measurement module is used to compare letter according to described first
The arrival time for the high-energy photon that number measurement photoelectric sensor detects.Main measuring circuit is used to receive the initial signal
And carry out the expectation related to the high-energy photon using the initial signal and measure.
Exemplarily, main measuring circuit includes integration module, the second comparator, transmission control unit (TCU), negative feedback module and master
Measurement module, wherein, integration module connects the output end of negative feedback module, and integration module is used to receive initial signal and to think highly of oneself
The feedback signal of feedback module, and the difference of initial signal and feedback signal is integrated and exports integrated signal；Second ratio
An input compared with device connects the output end of integration module and another input access second of the second comparator is with reference to electricity
Flat, the second comparator is used for integrated signal compared with the second datum and generates the second comparison signal；Transmission control
The input of device connects the output end of the second comparator, and transmission control unit (TCU) is used to control the second comparison signal using clock signal
With output digit signals, the high level that wherein in the data signal, duration is equal to the cycle of clock signal represents for transmission
One logic level, the low level that in the data signal, duration is equal to the cycle of clock signal represent the second logic level；It is negative
The output end of the input connection transmission control unit (TCU) of feedback module, negative feedback module are used to convert digital signals into feedback signal
And by feedback signal back to integration module；The output end of the input connection transmission control unit (TCU) of main measurement module, main measurement
Module is used to carry out expectation measurement according to data signal.
Exemplarily, the first datum be more than certain number of clandestine or illicit action part corresponding to initial signal via modular converter
The magnitude of voltage of the differential signal obtained after being handled with derivative module.
Exemplarily, given number is equal to 1.
Exemplarily, main measuring circuit is a main measuring circuit, and time measuring circuit includes and one or more photoelectricity
Sensor one or more time measuring circuits correspondingly.
Exemplarily, time measuring circuit is a time measuring circuit, and main measuring circuit includes and one or more light
The one-to-one one or more main measuring circuits of electric transducer.
Exemplarily, time measuring circuit include with multiple photoelectric sensors composition array in a line or multirow one by one
Corresponding one or more time measuring circuits, main measuring circuit include and one-to-one one of one or more columns per page in array
Or multiple main measuring circuits, device further comprise composite measurement module, the input of composite measurement module connects one or more
The output end of individual main measuring circuit and the output end of one or more time measuring circuits,
Composite measurement module is used for the expectation measurement signal exported according to one or more main measuring circuits and one or more
The time measurement signal of individual time measuring circuit output determines to detect the specific photoelectric sensor of high-energy photon and will it is expected to survey
Measure signal and time measurement signal is associated with specific photoelectric sensor.
Exemplarily, one or both of first comparator and time measurement module are real by FPGA
It is existing.
Exemplarily, main measuring circuit includes energy measurement module, for the energy using initial signal measurement high-energy photon
Amount.
Exemplarily, main measuring circuit includes dark current measurement module, for utilizing initial signal measurement photoelectric sensor
The dark current detected.
Exemplarily, main measuring circuit includes waveform measurement module, for carrying out waveform reconstruction and waveform to initial signal
Measurement.
The circuit structure of device for measuring photon information according to embodiments of the present invention is simple, it is possible to achieve to high energy
The arrival time of photon and the high-acruracy survey of other information.
A series of concept of simplification is introduced in the content of the invention, these concepts will enter one in specific embodiment part
Step describes in detail.Present invention part be not meant to attempt the key feature for limiting technical scheme claimed and
Essential features, the protection domain for attempting to determine technical scheme claimed is not meant that more.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, advantages and features of the invention are described in detail.
Brief description of the drawings
The drawings below of the present invention is used to understand the present invention in this as the part of the present invention.Shown in the drawings of this hair
Bright embodiment and its description, for explaining the principle of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 shows the schematic block diagram of the improved photon survey front-end circuit according to an example；
Fig. 2 shows the schematic block diagram according to an embodiment of the invention for being used to measure the device of photon information；
Fig. 3 shows the energy measurement that the device according to an embodiment of the invention utilized for measuring photon information obtains
As a result the graph of a relation between the peak value of the initial signal of photoelectric sensor output；
Fig. 4 shows the waveform diagram of the initial signal of photoelectric sensor output and the differential signal of derivative module output；
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention for being used to measure the device of photon information；
Fig. 6 shows the signal according to an embodiment of the invention for being used to measure the device and photoelectric sensor of photon information
Figure；
Fig. 7 shows in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention for measuring the device of photon information and showing for photoelectric sensor
It is intended to；And
Fig. 8 shows that the device according to an embodiment of the invention for being used to measure photon information is corresponding with photoelectric sensor
The schematic diagram of relation.
Embodiment
In the following description, there is provided substantial amounts of details is so as to thoroughly understand the present invention.However, this area skill
Art personnel will be seen that, described below to only relate to presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention can be without one or more so
Details and be carried out.In addition, in order to avoid obscuring with the present invention, for some technical characteristics well known in the art not
It is described.
As described above, in order to avoid the energy calculated by ADC samplings in routine techniques is by photoelectric sensor
The problem of influence of the initial time of the electric signal of output, a kind of improved photon survey front-end circuit is proposed at present.Fig. 1 is shown
According to the schematic block diagram of the improved photon survey front-end circuit 100 of an example.It should be noted that shown in this paper accompanying drawings
The direction of arrow is the transmission direction of signal, and is not necessarily the flow direction of signal.
As shown in figure 1, improved photon survey front-end circuit 100 includes integration module 110, comparator 120, transmission control
Device 130, negative feedback module 140 and measurement module 150.
Integration module 110 is used to connect the output end of photoelectric sensor (not shown) and the output end of negative feedback module 140.
Integration module 110 can receive the initial signal from photoelectric sensor and the feedback signal from negative feedback module 140, to first
The difference of beginning signal and feedback signal is integrated and exports integrated signal.
The output end of input connection integration module 110 and another input of comparator 120 of comparator 120
Access a datum.Integrated signal compared with datum and can be generated comparison signal by comparator 120.Example
Such as, when the magnitude of voltage of integrated signal is higher than datum, comparator 120 can export high level, when the voltage of integrated signal
When value is equal to or less than datum, comparator 120 can export low level.Therefore, in the comparison signal that comparator 120 exports
High level and low level two states can be only existed.
The output end of the input connection comparator 120 of transmission control unit (TCU) 130.Transmission control unit (TCU) 130 can utilize clock
The transmission of signal control comparison signal is with output digit signals.Wherein, in data signal, the duration be equal to clock signal
The high level in cycle represents the first logic level, and in the data signal, duration is equal to the low level in the cycle of clock signal
Represent the second logic level.In one example, the first logic level can be logic level " 1 ", and the second logic level can be with
Logic level " 0 ", then the sequence that data signal is made up of logic level " 1 " and " 0 ".
The output end of the input connection transmission control unit (TCU) 130 of negative feedback module 140, negative feedback module 140 can be by number
Word signal is converted to feedback signal and by feedback signal back to integration module 110.The feedback signal and initial signal
Flow direction is opposite.
It is appreciated that when validity event or clandestine or illicit action part occur, the integrated signal obtained at the beginning is smaller, comparison signal
Low level state can be constantly in data signal.When the magnitude of voltage of integrated signal is more than datum, in comparison signal
There is a high level.Then, a high level also occurs in data signal.Comparing letter when can validity event be occurred
Number or data signal in arrival time of the time as high-energy photon for occurring of first high level.Effective thing as described herein
Part refers to high-energy photon (such as gamma photons etc.) caused by being acted in the scintillation crystal being connected with photoelectric sensor in light
The event of current signal is produced in electric transducer, clandestine or illicit action part refers to caused by noise (being typically thermoelectron) in photoelectric sensor
Produce the event of current signal.When validity event or clandestine or illicit action part occurs, photoelectric sensor can export a pulse current letter
Number (i.e. initial signal).The energy of current signal caused by validity event is much larger than the energy of current signal caused by clandestine or illicit action part,
The former is typically the tens to thousands of times of the latter.Therefore, the energy of the current signal exported by analyzing photoelectric sensor can be with
It is determined that the event occurred is validity event or clandestine or illicit action part.
Measurement module 150 can utilize the various information such as the energy of data signal measurement high-energy photon, arrival time.
As described above, it is caused (when i.e. validity event occurs) when being applied to by measuring high-energy photon on scintillation crystal
The time that preceding several optical photons occur, optimal temporal resolution can be obtained.According to improved photon survey front-end circuit
100 operation principle, the datum by setting comparator 120 can control first in comparison signal or data signal
The electric charge accumulated in integration module 110 is needed when individual high level occurs.Accordingly, it is desirable to by the way that datum is set
Carry out integrating the magnitude of voltage energy of the integrated signal of acquisition in integration module 110 for electric signal caused by equal to n optical photon
Enough obtain optimal temporal resolution.However, due to two aspect factors described above, it is likely difficult to obtain in this way
Preferable time resolution.
It should be appreciated that Fig. 1 and being given for example only property of associated description illustrate the structure of improved photon survey front-end circuit,
It is not intended that device provided in an embodiment of the present invention is only applicable to the photon survey front-end circuit shown in Fig. 1.The present invention is implemented
The device that example provides goes for other using similar structures and the photon survey front-end circuit of principle.
To solve the above problems, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of device for being used to measure photon information.Figure
2 show the schematic block diagram according to an embodiment of the invention for being used to measure the device 200 of photon information.
As shown in Fig. 2 device 200 includes time measuring circuit 210 and main measuring circuit 220.Time measuring circuit 210 wraps
Include modular converter 211, derivative module 212, first comparator 213 and time measurement module 214.Modular converter 211 is used for light
The initial signal of electric transducer output is converted to the conversion signal of voltage form.The input connection modulus of conversion of derivative module 212
The output end of block 211, derivative module 212 are used to carry out differential to conversion signal and export differential signal.First comparator 213
Another input access first of the output end and first comparator 213 of one input connection derivative module 212 is with reference to electricity
Flat, first comparator 213 is used for differential signal compared with the first datum and generates the first comparison signal.Time surveys
The output end of the input connection first comparator 213 of module 214 is measured, time measurement module 214 is used to compare letter according to first
Arrival time of high-energy photon that number measurement photoelectric sensor detects.Main measuring circuit 220 is used to receive initial signal and profit
The expectation related to high-energy photon is carried out with initial signal to measure.
Exemplarily, it is expected that measurement can include the energy measurement of high-energy photon, dark current measurement, waveform measurement and photoelectricity
One or more of gain measurement of sensor.Alternatively, it is expected that measurement can include the time measurement of high-energy photon.Also
It is to say, main measuring circuit 220 and time measuring circuit 210 can be utilized to measure the arrival time of high-energy photon simultaneously.
Alternatively, photoelectric sensor as described herein can be any suitable photoelectric sensor, such as SiPM, PMT, snow
Avalanche photo diode (APD) etc..In addition, photoelectric sensor as described herein can be sensor infinitesimal, sensor unit, sensing
Photoelectricity testing part under the various scales such as device array, and it is not limited to a complete standalone sensor.People in the art
Member, when positron annihilation occurs, can produce a pair of gamma photons it is appreciated that in PET system.Scintillation crystal is by gamma
During the shock of photon, photoelectric sensor can export initial signal, and the initial signal is typically pulsed current signal.Photoelectric sensor
The initial signal can be output to device 200, to obtain gamma photons by measuring the initial signal by device 200
Energy information, temporal information etc., and then obtain the information on positron annihilation events.
The initial signal that photoelectric sensor exports can be converted to voltage form by modular converter 211 by current forms, with
Obtain conversion signal.Conversion signal can be input to follow-up derivative module 212 and be used for differential.In one example, modulus of conversion
Block 211 can be realized by resistance.The resistance can be connected on the negative electrode or anode of photoelectric sensor (such as SiPM).It is optional
Ground, the current-limiting resistance generally configured in SiPM biasing circuits can be used as modular converter 211.
Derivative module 212 can carry out differential to the conversion signal that modular converter 211 exports and by differentiation result input the
One comparator 213.In one example, derivative module 212 can include differentiator.Exemplarily, differentiator can by including
The high-pass filter of electric capacity and resistance is realized.In one example, derivative module 212 can only include differentiator.The differentiator
For carrying out differential to conversion signal and exporting above-mentioned differential signal.This derivative module realizes that circuit is fairly simple, micro-
In the case of the size meet demand for dividing the signal of device output, this implementation can be used.In another example, module of differentials
Block 212 can also include amplifying circuit, the output end of the input connection differentiator of amplifying circuit, wherein, differentiator is used for pair
Conversion signal carries out differential and exports primary differential signal；Amplifying circuit is used to be amplified primary differential signal, to obtain
Differential signal.It is too small in the signal of differentiator output, in the case of being unsatisfactory for demand, amplifying circuit can be utilized defeated to differentiator
The signal gone out is amplified, and to cause the size of the signal after amplification sufficiently large, can be used for correct measurement high-energy photon
Arrival time.
The differential signal received compared with the first datum and can be generated the first ratio by first comparator 213
Compared with signal.For example, when the magnitude of voltage of differential signal is more than the first datum, first comparator 213 can export high level,
When the magnitude of voltage of differential signal is equal to or less than the first datum, first comparator 213 can export low level.Therefore,
High level and low level two states can be only existed in the first comparison signal that first comparator 213 exports.Generally, photoelectric transfer
The initial signal of sensor output is the pulsed current signal changed over time, and in this case, differential signal is also with the time
The signal of change.Therefore, first comparator 213 export the first comparison signal be change over time and in high level and low level
The signal switched between two states.Exemplarily, when differential signal is more than the first datum, first comparator 213 can
To export a pulse to time measurement module 214, the pulse is the first comparison signal.
Exemplarily, the first datum can be more than the initial signal corresponding to certain number of clandestine or illicit action part via conversion
The magnitude of voltage for the differential signal that module 211 and derivative module 212 are obtained after handling.For example, given number can be equal to 1.
That is the first datum can be set as slightly larger than the initial signal corresponding to clandestine or illicit action part via modular converter 211
The magnitude of voltage of the differential signal obtained after being handled with derivative module 212, to obtain optimal temporal resolution.Pass through this side
Formula, validity event and signaling zone caused by clandestine or illicit action part can be separated, according only to initial signal caused by validity event generation
Arrival time is measured, avoids judging by accident caused by noise.First comparator 213 can be real by field programmable gate array (FPGA)
Existing, its input can be FPGA a pair of Low Voltage Differential Signals (LVDS) input pin.
The first comparison signal that time measurement module 214 can export to first comparator 213 measures, such as measures
The time of occurrence of the rising edge (or trailing edge) of first comparison signal.The time of occurrence of the rising edge (or trailing edge) can be used for
Characterize the arrival time of high-energy photon.Time measurement module 214 can any can suitably be surveyed according to the first comparison signal
Measure hardware, software and/or the firmware of arrival time, such as time-to-digit converter (TDC) etc..It is for instance possible to use FPGA numbers
The clock of type families system directly records the time of occurrence of rising edge (or trailing edge), or uses high-precision simulation TDC or numeral
TDC (such as digital TDC based on FPGA delay lines) carries out time measurement.
Device for measuring photon information has the following advantages that：
(1), hardware cost is low., (can be with by increasing modular converter on the basis of improved photon survey front-end circuit
Realized using resistance), derivative module (high-pass filter that resistance and electric capacity can be utilized to form is realized), first comparator and when
Between measurement module can obtain device according to embodiments of the present invention, its circuit structure is fairly simple, it is easy to accomplish.In addition, when
Between measurement module can be realized together with main measurement module in FPGA, further to save hardware cost.
(2), measurement otherwise to energy, gain etc. does not have any impact.Time measuring circuit processing is electricity
Signal is pressed, and the processing of main measuring circuit is current signal, the two does not interfere with each other.Therefore, time measurement is to main measuring circuit
Other measurement operations such as energy measurement do not have any impact, and do not interfere with the precision of other measurement operations.Fig. 3 is shown according to this
The energy measurements for utilizing the device acquisition for measuring photon information of invention one embodiment and photoelectric sensor output
Initial signal peak value between graph of a relation.In figure 3, the unit " au " of the energy measurements in ordinate represents any
Unit, the unit " au " are generally used for not by the measured value of calibration.As seen from Figure 3, using for measuring photon information
The energy measurements that device obtains can keep the extraordinary linearity.
(3), high-precision time measurement.Fig. 4 show photoelectric sensor output initial signal and derivative module output
The waveform diagram of differential signal.In Fig. 4, waveform 410 represents the waveform of initial signal, and waveform 420 represents differential signal
Waveform.From fig. 4, it can be seen that the radio-frequency component in derivative module extraction initial signal so that the pulse front edge of differential signal is (under it is
Drop edge) slope much larger than initial signal pulse front edge (it is trailing edge) slope.The decline of differential signal can be utilized
The time of occurrence on edge characterizes the arrival time of high-energy photon.Initial signal can be sensitively captured in time using differential signal
In pulse formation, also can be timely detected the generation of validity event or clandestine or illicit action part.In addition, derivative module has very
The ability of strong suppression baseline drift.Therefore, side of the pulse based on differential signal rather than initial signal along measurement arrival time
Formula can obtain higher measurement accuracy.
The device provided according to embodiments of the present invention, due to what is obtained based on the initial signal exported according to photoelectric sensor
Differential signal measures the arrival time of high-energy photon, thus can avoid present in improved photon survey front-end circuit by
In initial signal waveform is overlapping and baseline drift caused by time measurement may be inaccurate the problem of.Implemented according to the present invention
The circuit structure of the device of example is simple, it is possible to achieve the high-acruracy survey of arrival time and other information to high-energy photon.
According to embodiments of the present invention, main measuring circuit can include integration module, the second comparator, transmission control unit (TCU), negative
Feedback module and main measurement module.Referring back to Fig. 2, show that main measuring circuit 220 includes integration module 221, the second comparator
222nd, transmission control unit (TCU) 223, negative feedback module 224 and main measurement module 225.
Integration module 221 connects the output end of negative feedback module 224, and integration module 221 is used to receive initial signal and come
From the feedback signal of negative feedback module 224, and the difference of initial signal and feedback signal is integrated and exports integrated signal.
Main measuring circuit 220 is to include the circuit of negative feedback links, and feedback signal is input into integration module 221.Meanwhile
Integration module 221 also receives the initial signal of photoelectric sensor output.Initial signal and feedback signal are current signal, they
Flow direction be opposite.For example, if initial signal is flowed out from integration module 221, feedback signal can be set
It is set to from negative feedback module 224 and flows to integration module 221.Therefore, for integration module 221, actually finally enter
It is the difference between initial signal and feedback signal, integration module 221 can integrate to the difference.Integration module 221 can adopt
Realized with analog integrator circuit, such as the circuit realiration being made up of components such as resistance, electric capacity, operational amplifiers.
Second comparator 222 an input connection integration module 221 output end and the second comparator 222 it is another
One input access the second datum, the second comparator 222 be used for by integrated signal compared with the second datum simultaneously
Generate the second comparison signal.
For example, when the magnitude of voltage of integrated signal is higher than the second datum, the second comparator 222 can export high electricity
Flat, when the magnitude of voltage of integrated signal is equal to or less than the second datum, the second comparator 222 can export low level.Cause
This, high level and low level two states can be only existed in the comparison signal of the second comparator 222 output.That is, the
The comparison signal of two comparators 222 output can be changed over time and switched between high level and low level two states
Signal.Alternatively, the second datum can be ground level.Second datum can have any suitable magnitude of voltage.The
Two datums are that the implementation of ground level is simpler, and the measurement result finally obtained is more accurate.
The input of transmission control unit (TCU) 223 connects the output end of the second comparator 222, and transmission control unit (TCU) 223 is used to utilize
Clock signal controls the transmission of the second comparison signal with output digit signals, when wherein in the data signal, duration is equal to
The high level in the cycle of clock signal represents the first logic level, and in the data signal, duration is equal to the cycle of clock signal
Low level represent the second logic level.
Second comparison signal can be the signal for changing over time and switching between high level and low level two states.
In comparison signal, high level and low level duration are probably real-time change, can not be determined.Therefore, can be with
Temporal quantization is carried out to the second comparison signal by transmission control unit (TCU) 223 so that every section of continuous high level or low level
Duration be all clock signal cycle integral multiple.It is this it is temporal quantify equivalent in analog-digital conversion process when
Between discretization, therefore, from feature, both the second comparator 222 and transmission control unit (TCU) 223 can be regarded as one
The ADC of 1.In the data signal that transmission control unit (TCU) 223 exports, the duration is equal to the high level generation in the cycle of clock signal
The logic level of table first, the low level that the duration is equal to the cycle of clock signal represent the second logic level.In an example
In, the first logic level can be logic level " 1 ", and the second logic level can be logic level " 0 ", then data signal be by
The sequence of logic level " 1 " and " 0 " composition.Assuming that the frequency of clock signal is 100Hz, i.e. the cycle is 0.01s, then believes in numeral
In number, the duration of single " 1 " or " 0 " is 0.01s.Further it will be understood that continuously go out when multiple " 1 " or multiple " 0 "
Now, the duration of the plurality of " 1 " or multiple " 0 " is 0.01s integral multiple.Transmission control unit (TCU) 223 can be register or
On-off circuit of subject clock signal control etc..
The output end of the input connection transmission control unit (TCU) 223 of negative feedback module 224, negative feedback module 224 are used for number
Word signal is converted to feedback signal and by feedback signal back to integration module 221.Negative feedback module 224 can include digital-to-analogue
Converter (DAC), for carrying out digital-to-analogue conversion to data signal to be converted into analog signal.Specifically, the DAC can be
The DAC of 1, analog signal is converted to the sequence being made up of " 1 " and " 0 " for exporting transmission control unit (TCU) 223, such as be converted to
The voltage signal that amplitude changes over time.Negative feedback module 224 may further include current output circuit and (may be regarded as one
" controlled current source "), such as the current output circuit being made up of a resistance.DAC is connected to integration via current output circuit
The input of module 221.Current output circuit is based on above-mentioned voltage signal and produces a current signal, i.e. feedback signal.It is described
DAC and current output circuit simply can also realize that the data signal that transmission control unit (TCU) 223 is exported is one by a resistance
Kind voltage signal, it can be exchanged into current signal, i.e. feedback signal by the resistance.The feedback signal and initial signal side
To that on the contrary, its cumulative function with initial signal in integration module 221 cancels each other, can avoid, the institute of integration module 221 is defeated
The integrated signal gone out is excessive, stable with holding circuit.Alternatively, negative feedback module 224 connects main measurement module 225.Main measurement
Module 225 can be further used for adjusting the amplitude for the feedback signal that negative feedback module 224 exports.
Due to feedback signal and the positive and negative cancellation of cumulative function of the initial signal in integration module 221, so ought initially believe
Number pulse duration be over and the amplitude stabilization of feedback signal zero (i.e. for the negative feedback of initial signal
Stop) when, the accumulated value for the feedback signal that initial signal triggers can be regarded as the accumulated value of initial signal.Again due to instead
The accumulated value of feedback signal is directly proportional to the number of " 1 " in data signal.Therefore, high-energy photon can be calculated using data signal
Energy.It is of course also possible to the energy of high-energy photon is calculated using the second comparison signal of the second comparator 222 output, only
It need to be added in follow-up main measurement module 225 and the identical circuit of transmission control unit (TCU) 223.It should be noted that feedback signal is unsuitable
It is excessive or too small.Feedback signal, which crosses conference, causes the counteracting excessive velocities of initial signal so that the error that data signal includes increases
Greatly, measurement accuracy is influenceed.On the contrary, feedback signal it is too small can cause initial signal counteracting speed it is excessively slow so that can not subtract in time
The value of small integrated signal, so as to cause saturation distortion, it can also influence measurement accuracy.The amplitude of feedback signal can be according to actual need
To determine, the present invention is limited not to this.
The output end of the input connection transmission control unit (TCU) 224 of main measurement module 225, main measurement module 225 are used for basis
Data signal carries out expectation measurement.
In addition to energy measurement, main measurement module 225 can also carry out other according to data signal and it is expected measurement, such as above
Described dark current measurement, waveform measurement, gain measurement etc., it might even be possible to measure the arrival time of high-energy photon, be used for and when
Between the measurement result of measurement module compareed or calibrated.
The circuit structure of the main measuring circuit provided according to embodiments of the present invention is simple, can without using or less use put
The active devices such as big device, ADC.Therefore, the cost of such main measuring circuit is cheap, low in energy consumption.
According to embodiments of the present invention, first comparator, time measurement module, the second comparator, transmission control unit (TCU) and main survey
One or more of amount module can be realized by FPGA.In addition, can be in different FPGA by the FPGA modules realized or device
Or realized in same FPGA.
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention for being used to measure the device of photon information.It is described herein
Initial signal can come from one or more photoelectric sensors.Fig. 5, which is illustrated that multiple photoelectric sensors are shared, includes one
The situation of time measuring circuit and the device of a main measuring circuit.
Exemplarily, time measuring circuit can be a time measuring circuit, and main measuring circuit can include and one
Or the one-to-one one or more main measuring circuits of multiple photoelectric sensors.Fig. 6 shows according to an embodiment of the invention
For measuring the device of photon information and the schematic diagram of photoelectric sensor.As shown in fig. 6, multiple SiPM can have each respectively
Main measuring circuit, while a time measuring circuit can be shared.Device for measuring photon information can be wrapped further
Include composite measurement module, the output end of the one or more main measuring circuits of input connection of composite measurement module and time measurement
The output end of circuit, the expectation measurement signal that composite measurement module can be used for being exported according to one or more main measuring circuits are true
Which photoelectric sensor the time measurement signal of measuring circuit of fixing time output comes from, that is, determines to detect the specific of high-energy photon
Photoelectric sensor, and time measurement signal is associated with specific photoelectric sensor.This method can reduce the number of passage
Amount, reduce system cost.For example, by by the array detection that 64 SiPM are formed to photon survey result independently read
In the case of, it is necessary to 64 main measuring circuits and 64 time measuring circuits.And according to the present embodiment, it is necessary to 64 main measurement electricity
Road and 1 time measuring circuit.
Explained later time measurement signal and expectation measurement signal.As described above, time measuring circuit is used to measure height
The temporal information that measure acquisition can in electrical signal form be exported, used herein by the arrival time of energy photon, time measuring circuit
Time measurement signal come represent time measuring circuit output signal.Similarly, main measuring circuit can will measure the letter obtained
Breath exports in electrical signal form, represents the signal of main measuring circuit output with expectation measurement signal herein.For example, in main measurement
In the case that circuit includes energy measurement module, it is expected that measurement signal can include energy measurement signal, in main measuring circuit bag
In the case of including dark current measurement module, it is expected that measurement signal can include dark current measurement signal, include in main measuring circuit
In the case of waveform measurement module, it is expected that measurement signal can include waveform measurement signal.
Exemplarily, main measuring circuit can be a main measuring circuit, time measuring circuit can include with one or
Multiple photoelectric sensors one or more time measuring circuits correspondingly.Fig. 7 is shown according to a further embodiment of the invention
Be used for measure photon information device and photoelectric sensor schematic diagram.As shown in fig. 7, multiple SiPM can have respectively respectively
From time measuring circuit, while a main measuring circuit can be shared.Device for measuring photon information can be further
Including composite measurement module, the input of composite measurement module connects the output end of main measuring circuit and one or more times survey
The output end of circuit is measured, the time measurement that composite measurement module can be used for exporting according to one or more time measuring circuits is believed
Number determine which photoelectric sensor is the expectation measurement signal of main measuring circuit output come from, i.e. determination detects the spy of high-energy photon
Determine photoelectric sensor, and will it is expected that measurement signal is associated with specific photoelectric sensor.This method can equally reduce logical
The quantity in road, reduce system cost.For example, by by the array detection that 64 SiPM are formed to photon survey result difference it is only
, it is necessary to 64 main measuring circuits and 64 time measuring circuits in the case of vertical reading.And according to the present embodiment, it is necessary to 1 master
Measuring circuit and 64 time measuring circuits.
Main measuring circuit and the quantity of time measuring circuit can also be reduced further.Exemplarily, time measuring circuit
It can include and a line in the array of multiple photoelectric sensors composition or multirow one or more time measurements correspondingly
Circuit, main measuring circuit can include and the one-to-one one or more main measurement electricity of one or more columns per page in the array
Road, the device for measuring photon information may further include composite measurement module, the input connection of composite measurement module
The output end of one or more main measuring circuits and the output end of one or more time measuring circuits, composite measurement module are used for
The time that the expectation measurement signal and one or more time measuring circuits exported according to one or more main measuring circuits exports
Measurement signal determines to detect the specific photoelectric sensor of high-energy photon and will it is expected measurement signal and time measurement signal and spy
Determining photoelectric sensor is associated.
Fig. 8 shows that the device according to an embodiment of the invention for being used to measure photon information is corresponding with photoelectric sensor
The schematic diagram of relation.As shown in figure 8, in the array of 64 SiPM compositions, 8 rows and 8 row, wherein the 8 of each column are divided into
SiPM shares a main measuring circuit, and often 8 SiPM of row share a time measuring circuit.If using the knot shown in Fig. 8
Structure, it is only necessary to which 8 main measuring circuits and 8 time measuring circuits are the letter for the high-energy photon that measurable 64 SiPM are detected
Breath.
In the example depicted in fig. 8, composite measurement module can be according to 8 main measuring circuits and 8 time measuring circuits
The signal measured judges which SiPM detects high-energy photon.For example, work as the first row first row (being marked in fig. 8 with circle)
SiPM when detecting high-energy photon, main measuring circuit 1 exports energy measurement signal, the measurement of the output time of time measuring circuit 1
Signal, main measuring circuit 2~8 and time measuring circuit 2~8 not output signal.According to this feature, composite measurement module can be with
Judge that the SiPM of the first row first row detects high-energy photon.For another example when the second row secondary series (uses triangle in fig. 8
Mark) SiPM when detecting high-energy photon, main measuring circuit 2 exports energy measurement signal, the output time of time measuring circuit 2
Measurement signal, main measuring circuit 1 and 3~8 and time measuring circuit 1 and 3~8 not output signal.It is comprehensive according to this feature
Measurement module may determine that the SiPM of the second row secondary series detects high-energy photon.
It should be appreciated that the schematic device or corresponding relation figure shown in Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 are only exemplary rather than limiting, for surveying
The device of amount photon information can also have other suitable circuit structures.For example, multiple photoelectric sensors can not only be shared
Single time measuring circuit or individually main measuring circuit, can also only share partial circuit in time measuring circuit with/
Or the partial circuit in main measuring circuit.Further, the part electricity in multiple photoelectric sensors share time measuring circuit
In the case of partial circuit in road and/or main measuring circuit, multiple photoelectric sensors, which can each have, to be used to measure photon
The remainder circuit of the device of information.
Alternatively, main measuring circuit can include in energy measurement module, dark current measurement module and waveform measurement module
One or more.In one example, main measuring circuit includes energy measurement module, for utilizing initial signal measurement high energy
The energy of photon.In another example, main measuring circuit includes dark current measurement module, for utilizing initial signal measurement light
The dark current that electric transducer detects.In another example, main measuring circuit includes waveform measurement module, for initial letter
Number carry out waveform reconstruction and waveform measurement.
Further, one or more of energy measurement measurement module, dark current measurement module and waveform measurement module
It can be included in main measurement module described above.
For example, main measurement module can include energy measurement module.Energy measurement module may be coupled to main measuring circuit
In transmission control unit (TCU) output end and using data signal measurement high-energy photon energy.Believe in data signal comprising energy
Breath, the energy information can reflect the energy size of the high-energy photon detected by photoelectric sensor.Energy measurement module passes through
Some computings (as summed) are carried out to data signal, can calculate or deduce the energy size of high-energy photon.It is appreciated that
, energy measurement module can obtain the relative value of the energy of high-energy photon by data signal, and the relative value can represent
The explicit value of the energy of high-energy photon.In addition, energy measurement module can include with transmission control unit (TCU) identical circuit, and should
Circuit is connected to the output end of the second comparator, and after the circuit is handled the second comparison signal, output and numeral are believed
Number identical signal, energy measurement module recycle the energy of the signal measurement high-energy photon, its calculating process and directly utilization
The process that data signal is calculated is identical, repeats no more.
Alternatively, energy measurement module can include counter (not shown), for by being carried out to the first logic level
Count and to carry out energy measurement to high-energy photon.That is, energy can be carried out by adding up the number of " 1 " in data signal
Measurement.Alternatively, energy measurement module can include adder (not shown), for by asking the first logic level
With come to high-energy photon carry out energy measurement.That is, directly " 1 " in data signal can be added, will finally obtain
And the energy size as high-energy photon.The side of energy measurement is carried out by the way that the first logic level is counted or summed
Method simple and fast, efficiency high.
Main measurement module can include dark current measurement module.As energy measurement module class, dark current measurement module
The output end of the second comparator or transmission control unit (TCU) can be connected, to carry out dark current using the second comparison signal or data signal
Measurement.For example, dark current measurement module can be by carrying out computing to carry out dark electricity to the data signal from transmission control unit (TCU)
Flow measurement.For example, the number of " 1 " that can be by calculating when validity event does not occur in the unit interval in data signal, comes
Calculate the size of dark current.The size of dark current is proportional in the unit interval number of " 1 " in data signal.
Main measurement module can include waveform measurement module.With energy measurement module and dark current measurement module similarly,
Waveform measurement module can connect the output end of the second comparator or transmission control unit (TCU), to be believed using the second comparison signal or numeral
Number waveform reconstruction and waveform measurement are carried out to initial signal.For example, waveform measurement module can pass through the side of digital low-pass filtering
Method to carry out waveform reconstruction to initial signal.In some applications, the waveform of reconstruction can be used for realizing advanced measurement.
In addition, main measuring circuit can include being used for the circuit module for carrying out gain measurement and/or time measurement.
The implementation of the present invention is illustrated using FPGA above.It should be noted that FPGA is not of the invention
Required implementation.The numeral that the functional module of the present invention realized using FPGA can also be made up of discrete component is electric
Road is realized, such as passes through digital signal processor (DSP), CPLD (CPLD), micro-control unit (MCU)
Or CPU (CPU) etc. is realized.
Although principles and applications are described by taking SiPM as an example herein, it should be understood that, the present invention is simultaneously
It is not limited to this.Device provided by the present invention for measuring photon information can also be applied to PMT or any other is suitable
Photoelectric sensor.
The present invention is illustrated by above-described embodiment, but it is to be understood that, above-described embodiment is only intended to
Citing and the purpose of explanation, and be not intended to limit the invention in described scope of embodiments.In addition people in the art
Member can also make more kinds of it is understood that the invention is not limited in above-described embodiment according to the teachings of the present invention
Variants and modifications, these variants and modifications are all fallen within scope of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention by
The appended claims and its equivalent scope are defined.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of device for being used to measure photon information, including main measuring circuit and time measuring circuit, the time measurement electricity
Road includes：
Modular converter, the initial signal for photoelectric sensor to be exported are converted to the conversion signal of voltage form；
Derivative module, the input of the derivative module connect the output end of the modular converter, and the derivative module is used for pair
The conversion signal carries out differential and exports differential signal；
First comparator, an input of the first comparator connect the output end and described first of the derivative module
Another input of comparator accesses the first datum, and the first comparator is used for the differential signal and described first
Datum is compared and generates the first comparison signal；And
Time measurement module, the input of the time measurement module connect the output end of the first comparator, the time
Measurement module is used for the arrival time that the high-energy photon that the photoelectric sensor detects is measured according to first comparison signal；
The main measuring circuit is used to receive the initial signal and carried out and the high-energy photon phase using the initial signal
The expectation measurement of pass.
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the main measuring circuit compares including integration module, second
Device, transmission control unit (TCU), negative feedback module and main measurement module, wherein,
The integration module connects the output end of the negative feedback module, the integration module be used to receiving the initial signal and
Feedback signal from the negative feedback module, and the difference of the initial signal and the feedback signal is integrated and defeated
Go out integrated signal；
One input of second comparator connects the another of the output end of the integration module and second comparator
One input accesses the second datum, and second comparator is used to enter the integrated signal and second datum
Row relatively and generate the second comparison signal；
The input of the transmission control unit (TCU) connects the output end of second comparator, when the transmission control unit (TCU) is used to utilize
Clock signal controls the transmission of second comparison signal with output digit signals, wherein in the data signal, the duration
High level equal to the cycle of the clock signal represents the first logic level, and in the data signal, duration is equal to
The low level in the cycle of the clock signal represents the second logic level；
The input of the negative feedback module connects the output end of the transmission control unit (TCU), and the negative feedback module is used for by described in
Data signal is converted to the feedback signal and by the feedback signal back to the integration module；
The input of the main measurement module connects the output end of the transmission control unit (TCU), and the main measurement module is used for according to institute
State data signal and carry out the expectation measurement.
3. device according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that first datum is more than certain number of dark
The electricity for the differential signal that initial signal corresponding to event is obtained after being handled via the modular converter and the derivative module
Pressure value.
4. device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the given number is equal to 1.
5. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the main measuring circuit is a main measuring circuit, described
Time measuring circuit includes and one or more photoelectric sensors one or more time measuring circuits correspondingly.
6. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the time measuring circuit is a time measuring circuit,
The main measuring circuit includes and the one-to-one one or more main measuring circuits of one or more photoelectric sensors.
7. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the time measuring circuit includes and multiple photoelectric sensors
A line or multirow in the array of composition one or more time measuring circuits correspondingly, the main measuring circuit include with
The one-to-one one or more main measuring circuits of one or more columns per page in the array, described device further comprise integrating survey
Measure module, the input of the composite measurement module connects the output end of one or more of main measuring circuits and one
Or the output end of multiple time measuring circuits,
The composite measurement module is used for the expectation measurement signal exported according to one or more of main measuring circuits and described
The time measurement signal determination of one or more time measuring circuit outputs detects the specific photoelectric sensor of high-energy photon simultaneously
The expectation measurement signal and the time measurement signal is associated with the specific photoelectric sensor.
8. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the first comparator and the time measurement module
One or both is realized by FPGA.
9. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the main measuring circuit includes energy measurement module, is used for
The energy of the high-energy photon is measured using the initial signal.
10. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the main measuring circuit includes dark current measurement module, uses
In the dark current detected using the initial signal measurement photoelectric sensor.
11. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the main measuring circuit includes waveform measurement module, is used for
Waveform reconstruction and waveform measurement are carried out to the initial signal.
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| CN201710727991.7A CN107450092B (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2017-08-23 | For measuring the device of photon information |
| PCT/CN2018/101550 WO2019037719A1 (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2018-08-21 | Apparatus for measuring photon information |
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| WO2019037719A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
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