CN106842277A - A kind of pile-up events processing method and processing device - Google Patents
A kind of pile-up events processing method and processing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106842277A CN106842277A CN201710047821.4A CN201710047821A CN106842277A CN 106842277 A CN106842277 A CN 106842277A CN 201710047821 A CN201710047821 A CN 201710047821A CN 106842277 A CN106842277 A CN 106842277A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/202—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a crystal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/208—Circuits specially adapted for scintillation detectors, e.g. for the photo-multiplier section
Abstract
Include the invention discloses a kind of pile-up events processing method and processing device, the step of method：Obtain the electric signal of pet detector output；Carry out digital integration real-time sampling to electric signal, each moment is with energy value that real-time sampling value is the event of moment first；Monitor the real-time sampling value of electric signal rising edge；When the electric signal continuous saltus step of generation is monitored, pile-up events generation is determined with；After pile-up events occur, proceed digital integration real-time sampling, the real-time sampling value at each moment carries out Function Fitting before being occurred simultaneously and based on pile-up events, pile-up events occur after energy value of each moment using Function Fitting value as the event of moment first, using the difference of real-time sampling value and function match value as the energy value of the moment second event.The present invention effectively pile-up events can be precisely separating with treatment, the energy information of the first event and second event is got, such that it is able to improve crystal recognition accuracy, energy correction accuracy etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of medical equipment, more particularly to a kind of pile-up events processing method and processing device.
Background technology
Positron emission tomography imaging-computed tomography (Positron Emission Tomography-
Computed Tomography, PET-CT) equipment and single photon emission computerized tomography (Single-Photon
Emission Computed Tomography, SPECT) equipment is all current typical medical imaging device.These equipment master
To be carried out using γ photons produced after the positive electron and electron annihilation released in detectable radionuclide decay process
Meet judgement.
The detection of γ photons, is usually transformed into visible ray, then by photomultiplier transit by γ photons by scintillator
The pipe photoelectricity testing part such as (PMT) or silicon photomultiplier (SIPM) will be seen that light is converted into electric signal and is detected.It is actual to survey
During amount operation, first allow gamma-rays to hit crystal, be transformed into visible ray, recycle photomultiplier or silicon photomultiplier will be seen that
Light is converted into electric signal, and Thin interbed and time calibrating measurement are carried out to electric signal, and energy value is obtained by electric signal, and identification is brilliant
Body position and impact time, and carry out scatter correction.
Only one of which event, hits crystal in the ideal situation unit interval, only produces an electric signal, deals with and compares
Simply.But often there are two gamma-rays in reality in a detection cycle while hitting a feelings for detector crystal
Condition, we are commonly referred to as this phenomenon for pile-up events, i.e. Pileup.The event occurred in pile-up events, according to time sequencing successively
It is named as the first event, second event.In this case, temporal information and the energy letter of two events how is recognized accurately
Breath just becomes highly difficult.
Prior art, what is had is not processed pile-up events, simple to abandon, and can reduce system sensitivity and noise equivalent
The key technical index such as counting；What is had is realized by complicated front-end circuit, causes cost of implementation and circuit scale huge；Have
The first event when can only identify that pile-up events occur, second event is dropped.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the present invention proposes a kind of pile-up events processing method and processing device to solve above-mentioned technical problem.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
The first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a kind of pile-up events processing method, for PET system, including such as
Lower step：
Obtain the electric signal of pet detector output；
Carry out digital integration real-time sampling to electric signal, each moment is with energy that real-time sampling value is the event of moment first
Value；
Monitor the real-time sampling value of electric signal rising edge；
When the electric signal continuous saltus step of generation is monitored, pile-up events generation is determined with；
After pile-up events occur, proceed digital integration real-time sampling, and based on pile-up events occur preceding each moment
Real-time sampling value carries out Function Fitting, pile-up events occur after each moment using Function Fitting value as the event of moment first
Energy value, using the difference of real-time sampling value and function match value as the energy value of the moment second event.
Preferably, after pile-up events occur, proceed digital integration real-time sampling, and occurred based on pile-up events preceding each
The real-time sampling value at moment carries out Function Fitting, and since the previous moment that saltus step first occurs, each moment is with Function Fitting value
As the energy value of the event of moment first, using the difference of real-time sampling value and function match value as the moment second event
Energy value.
Preferably, when carrying out Function Fitting, the function for using is exponential function.
Preferably, after obtaining the electric signal of pet detector output, also comprise the following steps：
Electric signal to pet detector output carries out differential；
When pile-up events occur, two burst pulses are got；
Two burst pulses are screened, two continuous time pulses are obtained；
Two continuous time pulses are carried out with time calibrating, the temporal information of the first event and second event is obtained.
Second aspect according to embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a kind of pile-up events processing unit, for PET system, bag
Include：
Electric signal acquisition module, obtains the electric signal of pet detector output；
Integration sampling module, carries out digital integration real-time sampling to electric signal, each moment with real-time sampling value be the moment
The energy value of the first event；
Monitoring module, monitors the real-time sampling value of electric signal rising edge；
Judge module, when the electric signal continuous saltus step of generation is monitored, is determined with pile-up events generation；
Function Fitting module, after pile-up events occur, the real-time sampling value at each moment is carried out before being occurred based on pile-up events
Function Fitting, pile-up events occur after energy value of each moment using Function Fitting value as the event of moment first；
Difference calculating module, pile-up events occur after, carry out digital integration sampling, with the real-time sampling value at each moment with
The difference of function value as the moment second event energy value.
Preferably, described Function Fitting module, is used for, and when having pile-up events to occur, carries out Function Fitting, first from occurring
The previous moment of secondary saltus step starts, using function value as the energy value at the moment.
Preferably, described difference calculating module, is used for, and after having pile-up events to occur, digital integration sampling is carried out, with every
The difference of the real-time sampling value and function calculated value at individual moment as the moment second event energy value.
Preferably, when described Function Fitting module carries out Function Fitting, the function for using is exponential function.
Preferably, also include：
Derivative sampling module, numerical differentiation real-time sampling is carried out to electric signal；
Burst pulse acquisition module, pile-up events get two burst pulses after occurring；
Module is screened, two burst pulses are screened, obtain two continuous time pulses；
Two continuous time pulses are carried out time calibrating by demarcating module, obtain the time of the first event and second event
Information.
Compared with prior art, the present invention effectively pile-up events can be precisely separating with treatment, get
The energy information of one event and second event, such that it is able to improve crystal recognition accuracy, energy correction accuracy etc..
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic flow sheet of pile-up events processing method of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of signal waveform schematic diagram in pile-up events processing method of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is another schematic flow sheet of pile-up events processing method of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of structured flowchart of pile-up events processing unit of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is another structured flowchart of pile-up events processing unit of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is a kind of structured flowchart of the front-end processing circuit used in pile-up events processing method of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific embodiment shown in the drawings, the present invention will be described in detail.But these implementation methods are simultaneously
The present invention is not limited, structure that one of ordinary skill in the art is made according to these implementation methods, method or functionally
Conversion is all contained in protection scope of the present invention.
It is the purpose only merely for description specific embodiment in terminology used in the present invention, and is not intended to be limiting the present invention.
" one kind ", " described " and " being somebody's turn to do " of singulative used in the present invention and appended claims is also intended to include majority
Form, unless context clearly shows that other implications.It is also understood that term "and/or" used herein refers to and wraps
May be combined containing one or more associated any or all of project listed.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of pile-up events processing method, for PET system, comprises the following steps.
Step 100, obtains the electric signal of pet detector output.The telecommunications that pet detector is exported is obtained by amplifying circuit
Number, and enhanced processing.
Step 101, carries out digital integration real-time sampling to electric signal, each moment with real-time sampling value be the thing of moment first
The energy value of part.
After single gamma-rays hits crystal, the electric signal to pet detector output carries out digital integration real-time sampling.Due to
Pile-up events are a probability events, and probability of happening is directly proportional to measured target activity, it is unknown whether occur when, routinely
Digital integration method, real-time sampling is carried out by AD sample circuits to the electric signal that pet detector is exported.
Step 102, monitors the real-time sampling value of electric signal rising edge.
In digital integration sampling process, the situation of change of each moment real-time sampling value of monitor in real time.
Step 103, when the electric signal continuous saltus step of generation is monitored, is determined with pile-up events generation.
Due to the presence of noise, it is normal that sampled value occurs saltus step, but the sampled value at continuous two moment occurs saltus step
It is improper, that is, continuous saltus step occurs, is the typical characteristics that pile-up events occur.As shown in Fig. 2 ti-2To tiMoment, sampling
Value there occurs continuous saltus step, and big amplitude variations occurs in the waveform that decay is tended to originally.If not existing continuous saltus step always,
Proceed digital integration sampling, obtain the energy value of the first event.
Step 104, after pile-up events occur, proceeds digital integration sampling, and when occurring preceding each based on pile-up events
The real-time sampling value at quarter carries out Function Fitting, pile-up events occur after each moment using Function Fitting value as the thing of moment first
The energy value of part, using the difference of real-time sampling value and function match value as the energy value of the moment second event.
After pile-up events occur, the digital integration sampling for proceeding and Function Fitting can be while carry out.When accumulation thing
After part occurs, the actual energy value being upsampled to of digital integration has not been energy that real single gamma-rays hits crystal
Value, but gamma-rays twice or more than twice hits the superposition of energy value produced by crystal.Now, if adopted with gravity model appoach
Sample, directly results in crystal mistake in computation, so as to influence picture quality；One-to-one sampling is used, because energy is contaminated, collection result
Also effective energy correction cannot be carried out.Therefore, the present invention is by the process chips such as FPGA, the energy before pile-up events generation
Energy value acquisition after value acquisition uses real-time sampling, pile-up events to occur uses Function Fitting, can effectively peel off dirty
The energy of dye, reduces the energy value after true single incident hits to greatest extent.Function Fitting is complete up to the first event
Decay is completed, and obtains each moment energy value of the first event after pile-up events occur.
Step 105, obtains the energy information of the first event and second event.
After pile-up events occur, first subsequent power of event is obtained and uses Function Fitting, can effectively peel off quilt
The energy of pollution, reduces the energy value after true single incident hits to greatest extent；Second energy harvesting of event, uses
Real-time sampling value subtracts first Function Fitting value of event, it is ensured that second accuracy of event energy.So as to pile up
Each moment energy information collects before and after event occurs, and can obtain the first event and the respective complete energy information of second event.
In this way, in the case that pile-up events occur, the energy information of the first event and second event remains to effectively be reduced, so that can
To carry out the operation such as crystal positions calculating, energy correction, crystal recognition accuracy, energy correction accuracy, system can be improved
Sensitivity and noise equivalent count value etc..
Further, in order that result of calculation is more accurate, after pile-up events occur, while carrying out Function Fitting and numeral product
Divide sampling, since the previous moment that saltus step first occurs, energy of each moment using Function Fitting value as the event of moment first
Value, using the difference of real-time sampling value and function match value as the energy value of the moment second event.Because, it is necessary to recognizing
Continuous saltus step twice, can just determine whether that pile-up events occur, so the moment that pile-up events really occur should be hair
The previous moment of raw saltus step first.
Specifically, because the visible light signal that gamma-rays hits crystal generation is converted into the rising edge after electric signal in typical case
Exponential curve, the fitting function used when Function Fitting is carried out can be exponential function.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, described exponential function formula isWherein, t
It it is the time, y (t) is the energy value of t, K1It is the proportionality coefficient of exponential curve, K2It is the damped expoential of exponential curve, ratio
COEFFICIENT K1, damped expoential K2It is constant.Here, time t is in units of the sampling period of AD conversion chip, such as AD conversion chip
Sample frequency be 200M, then the sampling period is 5ns, and the t of time shaft is incremented by units of 5ns.As shown in Fig. 2 tiTo pile up
Event identified moment, ti-2It is the moment that pile-up events really occur, ti+nThe first event is complete after occurring for pile-up events
Decay the moment for completing.
In the function formula, constant K1、K2The real-time sampling value at any two moment before by the way that pile-up events are occurred
Substitute into function formula and calculate acquisition, two selected moment can be respectively the 1/3rd position and 2/3 that gathered the moment
Put；Constant K1、K2Approximation can also be calculated by having gathered the Wave data at moment.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, as shown in figure 3, after obtaining the electric signal that pet detector is exported, also including
Following steps：
Step 201, the electric signal to pet detector output carries out differential.
Step 201 and step 101 can be carried out synchronously, and the electric signal that pet detector is exported amplifies by amplifier, and one
It is divided into two, carries out the real-time sampling of digital integration into AD sample circuits all the way, another road carries out differential into differential circuit.It is micro-
The purpose divided is, when pile-up events occur, effectively to obtain two burst pulses.
Step 202, when pile-up events occur, gets two burst pulses.
Two burst pulses are screened by step 203, obtain two continuous time pulses.
Two burst pulses enter discriminator, can obtain two continuous time pulses.Discriminator in the present invention can be CFD
Discriminator, or DLED discriminators.
Two continuous time pulses are carried out time calibrating by step 204, are obtained the first event and are believed with the time of second event
Breath.
Two continuous time pulses, into after TDC circuits, can carry out time calibrating, so as to obtain the first event and the
The temporal information of two events.TDC circuits in the present invention can be external TDC chips be core circuit, or
FPGA etc. processes the TDC modules of chip internal.
The energy information of former and later two events is respectively combined with temporal information by process chips such as FPGA together with,
When pile-up events occur, efficiently separate, and accurately obtain the energy information and temporal information of two events.
The front-end processing circuit used in specific steps, can be with as shown in fig. 6, including amplifying circuit 610, AD sample circuits
620 electrically connect with control circuit 630, the output end of the amplifying circuit 610 with the input of the AD sample circuits 620, institute
The output end for stating AD sample circuits 620 is electrically connected with the input of the control circuit 630.Wherein, described amplifying circuit 610
For receiving the electric signal of pet detector output and being amplified, the electric signal after described AD sample circuits 620 pairs amplify enters
Row digital integration, described control circuit 630 is used to obtain the energy value that digital integration is collected, simultaneous real-time monitoring Pileup
Generation and process.Described control circuit 630 can be fpga chip.
Particularly, front-end processing circuit also includes differential circuit 640, discriminator 650 and TDC circuits 660, the differential electricity
The input on road 640 is electrically connected with the output end of the amplifying circuit 610, the output end of the differential circuit 640 and the Zhen
The input electrical connection of other device 650, the output end of the discriminator 650 is electrically connected with the input of the TDC circuits 660；Institute
The differential circuit 640 stated is used to carry out numerical differentiation real-time sampling, described discriminator to the electric signal of pet detector output
650 are used to screen narrow pulse signal, and described TDC circuits 560 are used to carry out time calibrating to time pulse.The present invention
In discriminator 650 can be CFD discriminators, or DLED discriminators；TDC circuits 660 can be external TDC chips
The TDC modules of the inside of the control circuit 630 that the process chips such as circuit, or FPGA for core are constituted.
Above-mentioned front-end processing circuit, is actually used conventional configuration, without adding extra circuit.
Embodiment with foregoing pile-up events processing method is corresponding, and the disclosure additionally provides pile-up events processing unit
Embodiment.
It is one embodiment block diagram of pile-up events processing unit of the present invention referring to Fig. 4, the device can be using PET systems
On system, the device includes：
Electric signal acquisition module 400, obtains the electric signal of pet detector output；
Integration sampling module 410, digital integration real-time sampling is carried out to electric signal, when each moment is with real-time sampling value as this
Carve the energy value of the first event；
Monitoring module 420, monitors the real-time sampling value of electric signal rising edge；
Judge module 430, when the electric signal continuous saltus step of generation is monitored, is determined with pile-up events generation；
Function Fitting module 440, after pile-up events occur, the real-time sampling value at each moment is entered before being occurred based on pile-up events
Line function is fitted, energy value of each moment after pile-up events generation using Function Fitting value as the event of moment first；
Difference calculating module 450, after pile-up events occur, proceeds digital integration sampling, after pile-up events occur
Energy value of each moment using the difference of real-time sampling value and function match value as the moment second event.Wherein, Function Fitting
Value is obtained by the Function Fitting of Function Fitting module 440.
By Function Fitting module 440 and difference calculating module 450, get the first event after pile-up events occur and
The energy value of second event, and then get the first event and the complete energy information of second event.
Further, in order that result of calculation is more accurate, described Function Fitting module 440 occurs for pile-up events
Afterwards, the real-time sampling value at each moment carries out Function Fitting before being occurred based on pile-up events, from the previous moment that saltus step first occurs
Start, energy value of each moment using Function Fitting value as the event of moment first；Described difference calculating module 450, is used for
After pile-up events occur, proceed digital integration sampling, since the previous moment that saltus step first occurs, each moment is with real-time
The difference of sampled value and function match value as the moment second event energy value.
Specifically, because the visible light signal that gamma-rays hits crystal generation is converted into the rising edge after electric signal in typical case
Exponential curve, the fitting function used when Function Fitting is carried out can be exponential function.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, described exponential function formula isWherein, t
It it is the time, y (t) is the energy value of t, K1It is the proportionality coefficient of exponential curve, K2It is the damped expoential of exponential curve, ratio
COEFFICIENT K1, damped expoential K2It is constant.
In the function formula, constant K1、K2Any two real-time sampling value generation at moment before by the way that pile-up events are occurred
Enter function formula and calculate acquisition, two selected moment can be respectively the 1/3rd position and 2/3 position that gathered the moment；
Constant K1、K2Approximation can also be calculated by having gathered the Wave data at moment.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, as shown in figure 5, also including：
Derivative sampling module 510, numerical differentiation real-time sampling is carried out to electric signal；
Burst pulse acquisition module 520, pile-up events get two burst pulses after occurring；
Module 530 is screened, two burst pulses are screened, obtain two continuous time pulses；
Two continuous time pulses are carried out time calibrating by demarcating module 540, obtain the first event and second event when
Between information.
On the device in above-described embodiment, wherein modules perform the concrete mode of operation in relevant the method
Embodiment in be described in detail, explanation will be not set forth in detail herein.
For device embodiment, because it corresponds essentially to embodiment of the method, so related part is referring to method reality
Apply the part explanation of example.Device embodiment described above is only schematical, can be selected according to the actual needs
Some or all of module therein is selected to realize the purpose of disclosure scheme.Those of ordinary skill in the art are not paying creation
Property work in the case of, you can to understand and implement.
Those skilled in the art considering specification and after putting into practice invention disclosed herein, will readily occur to it is of the invention its
Its embodiment.The application is intended to any modification of the invention, purposes or adaptations, these modifications, purposes or
Person's adaptations follow general principle of the invention and including undocumented common knowledge in the art of the invention
Or conventional techniques.Description and embodiments are considered only as exemplary, and true scope and spirit of the invention are by the application
Claim point out.
It should be appreciated that the invention is not limited in the precision architecture being described above and be shown in the drawings, and
And can without departing from the scope carry out various modifications and changes.The scope of the present invention is only limited by appended claim.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of pile-up events processing method, for PET system, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Obtain the electric signal of pet detector output；
Carry out digital integration real-time sampling to electric signal, each moment is with energy value that real-time sampling value is the event of moment first；
Monitor the real-time sampling value of electric signal rising edge；
When the electric signal continuous saltus step of generation is monitored, pile-up events generation is determined with；
After pile-up events occur, proceed digital integration real-time sampling, and the real-time of preceding each moment occurs based on pile-up events
Sampled value carries out Function Fitting, energy of each moment after pile-up events generation using Function Fitting value as the event of moment first
Value, using the difference of real-time sampling value and function match value as the energy value of the moment second event.
2. a kind of pile-up events processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after pile-up events occur, continues
Digital integration real-time sampling is carried out, and Function Fitting is carried out based on the real-time sampling value that pile-up events occur preceding each moment, from hair
The previous moment of raw saltus step first starts, energy value of each moment using Function Fitting value as the event of moment first, with real-time
The difference of sampled value and function match value as the moment second event energy value.
3. a kind of pile-up events processing method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that when carrying out Function Fitting, adopt
Function is exponential function.
4. a kind of pile-up events processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that obtain pet detector output
After electric signal, also comprise the following steps：
Differential is carried out to electric signal；
When there are pile-up events to occur, two burst pulses are got；
Two burst pulses are screened, two continuous time pulses are obtained；
Two continuous time pulses are carried out with time calibrating, the temporal information of the first event and second event is obtained.
5. a kind of pile-up events processing unit, for PET system, it is characterised in that including：
Electric signal acquisition module, obtains the electric signal of pet detector output；
Integration sampling module, carries out digital integration real-time sampling to electric signal, each moment with real-time sampling value be the moment first
The energy value of event；
Monitoring module, monitors the real-time sampling value of electric signal rising edge；
Judge module, when the electric signal continuous saltus step of generation is monitored, is determined with pile-up events generation；
Function Fitting module, after pile-up events occur, the real-time sampling value at each moment enters line function before being occurred based on pile-up events
It is fitted, energy value of each moment after pile-up events generation using Function Fitting value as the event of moment first；
Difference calculating module, pile-up events occur after, proceed digital integration sampling, pile-up events occur after each moment with
The difference of real-time sampling value and function match value as the moment second event energy value.
6. a kind of pile-up events processing unit according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described Function Fitting module,
After occurring for pile-up events, the real-time sampling value at each moment carries out Function Fitting before being occurred based on pile-up events, first from occurring
The previous moment of secondary saltus step starts, energy value of each moment using Function Fitting value as the event of moment first；Described difference
Computing module, after occurring for pile-up events, proceeds digital integration sampling, and each moment is fitted with real-time sampling value and function
The difference of value as the moment second event energy value.
7. a kind of pile-up events processing unit according to claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that described Function Fitting mould
When block carries out Function Fitting, the function for using is exponential function.
8. a kind of pile-up events processing unit according to claim 5, it is characterised in that also include：
Derivative sampling module, numerical differentiation real-time sampling is carried out to electric signal；
Burst pulse acquisition module, pile-up events get two burst pulses after occurring；
Module is screened, two burst pulses are screened, obtain two continuous time pulses；
Two continuous time pulses are carried out time calibrating by demarcating module, obtain the temporal information of the first event and second event.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107320121A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-07 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Positron emission tomography photon detection device |
| CN107767427A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-03-06 | 沈阳东软医疗系统有限公司 | A kind of signal waveform restoration methods and device |
| CN112587161A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-02 | 明峰医疗系统股份有限公司 | Stacking signal recovery method for PET imaging device, and computer-readable storage medium |
| US11822025B2 (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2023-11-21 | Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd. | Positron emission tomography detecting device |
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