CN103454671A - Nuclear radiation pulse accumulation judging and correcting method based on high-speed digital sampling - Google Patents
Nuclear radiation pulse accumulation judging and correcting method based on high-speed digital sampling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear radiation detection and nuclear electronics, and relates to a nuclear radiation pulse accumulation signal judging and correcting method based on high-speed digital sampling. The method includes the steps of pulse accumulation judgment and pulse accumulation correction and specifically includes the steps of judging pulse accumulation, conducting differential on signals, judging the accumulation type, correcting pulse accumulation, calculating pulse waveform parameters, conducting cutting and correcting accumulated pulses. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the digitalization method of pulse accumulation judgment is set up, complex hardware equipment in a traditional spectrometer is abandoned, differential and analysis are conducted on collected output pulses through the digitalization method so that the current changes of the pulses can be formed, the method is simple and clear, the physical meaning is clear, the accumulation type can be accurately judged, the correction of pulse accumulation can be conducted, the use ratio of the signals can be effectively improved, energy resolution losses caused by pulse accumulation can be reduced, and meanwhile the pulse passing rate of a system is improved to the largest extent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear radiation detection, nuclear electronics technical field, relate to a kind of judgement and bearing calibration of the nuclear radiation pulse pile-up signal based on high speed digital sample.
Background technology
Energy resolution is the main performance index of nuclear radiation spectral measurement system, and except the intrinsic energy resolution rate of detector, circuit noise, pulse pile-up and ballistic deficit etc. are the key factors that affects system capacity resolution.Under the high count rate condition, pulse pile-up becomes topmost factor.Have bibliographical information to work as counting rate and increase to 1～2kHz when above, base line shift is serious gradually, makes the resolution variation, and the peak section of signal piles up and makes signal amplitude and waveform great changes will take place, also causes resolution to degenerate.Must consider how to solve in this case the problem of pulse pile-up.
The accumulation refusal technology that tradition adopts, normally adopt linear gate, logic widening circuit, peak flag circuit etc. to form and pile up rejector circuit, whether the time interval of calculating two peak-to-peak signals is too small, differentiate to pile up and whether occur, then the signal that peak pile up occurs is rejected, will not amplify and record.With the time interval, as differentiating stacking method, whether the resolution characteristic limitation due to circuit itself, can't be used for distinguishing two signals and pile up at a distance of very near signal.After the time method of discrimination, for at a distance of near especially signal pile-up, developed again amplitude refusal method and differentiated, with the accumulation of this kind of method judgment signal, can differentiate the signal pile-up of recurrent interval about tens nanoseconds, but still can't differentiate for approaching complete coincidence signal.And amplitude refusal method is only applicable to the measurement of single energy ray, be not suitable for the situation that measuring object has the multiple kinds of energy ray.In a word, classic method can't judge the forward position accumulation and be less than the rear along piling up of tens nanoseconds, and, in the traditional analog spectrometer, pulse pile-up judges circuit complexity used, and pulse pile-up has increased the system dead time when suppressing,
In recent years, the domestic scholar of having adopts the mode of simulation traditional core spectrometer circuit to realize that pulse pile-up is sentenced and abandons function, and the pulse pile-up as Chen Shiguo (2006) etc. after Gauss is shaped identify and proofreaied and correct, and the method is only for Gauss's shaping, and versatility is not strong; The mode paired pulses of younger brother's space ring employing curves such as (2008) is piled up and is identified, the method calculation of complex, and practicality is not strong; Relatively pulse pile-up recognition methods of time for Zhang Huaiqiang (2012) etc., but the method is rough, only according to empirical value, judges; And said method is all to belong to simple discard processing to pileup pulse.
Summary of the invention:
For above-mentioned prior art situation, the object of the invention is to: avoid using general accumulation to sentence the method for abandoning, the pulse percent of pass of reduction system, adopt high speed digital sample, programmed process pulse pile-up judgement and pile up and proofread and correct, reject forward position and pile up signal, proofread and correct processing to rear along signal in accumulation, realize the method simple and fast of pile-up discretion.
Now technical conceive of the present invention and technical solution are described below:
Basic conception of the present invention is, for pileup pulse, if do not processed direct calculating amplitude and temporal information, will bring larger error into; To first pileup pulse be distinguished from individual pulse before processing, that is to say the type identification that will carry out monopulse and pileup pulse; After identification, by means of digital processing technology, the pulse that occurs to pile up can be carried out certain correction; The pulse that detector directly produces equals the short current impulse of detector acquisition time, then, such pulse is by the charge-sensitive preamplifier integration, produce voltage step at the output terminal of front putting, the rise time of output voltage step equals the acquisition time of detector, and its amplitude equals the business of input charge and feedback capacity.The formation reason of dissimilar pileup pulse is as follows:
If t
wfor detector current shock pulse width, t
mfor the rise time of detector current shock pulse, two rush of current pulsion phase intervals that form in detector are T.
As T>t
wthe time, two signals are without accumulation, all undistorted.T
mforward position, occur and pile up in>T>0 o'clock, and now waveform only has an extreme value, two equal distorteds of signal amplitude, and as Fig. 1, two signals all should be given up.T
w>T>t
mthe time, after occurring, along piling up, now waveform has two extreme values, and as Fig. 2, previous signal amplitude does not distort, and then a signal amplitude is subject to previous effect of signals distorted.
According to the foregoing invention design, a kind of nuclear radiation pulse pile-up judgement and bearing calibration based on high speed digital sample of the present invention is characterized in that: comprise pulse pile-up judgement, pulse pile-up correction two parts; Specifically carry out according to the following steps:
Step 1: pulse pile-up judgement
Step 1.1: signal is carried out to differential
Prime amplifier output pulse, its amplitude has reflected the energy value that ray particle loses in detector; In certain unit interval, the net added value of pulse height can be relevant to electric charge or electronics one number of ions with the absorption of detector within the corresponding time interval.The output pulse is by current integration, the output pulse is carried out to differential and can analyze the curent change that forms pulse.Its different accumulation signal waveform curves and differential curve design sketch are shown in Fig. 6～Fig. 8:
Step 1.2: the judgement of piling up type
From signal-differential curve figure, can find out, without the differential curve of piling up signal, a valley has only appearred, two or more valleies occurred in piling up signal, illustrated that the process of twice or two above fast-descending has appearred in now prime amplifier output pulse in the decline process.When pile up on rear edge, between twice valley of differential curve, occur just rising in value, the prime amplifier output signal pulses ascendant trend occurred in twice fast drop course.And forward position is while piling up, between twice valley of differential curve, not there will be on the occasion of, the prime amplifier output signal pulses ascendant trend occurs in end in twice fast drop course, but has and increase the phenomenon eased up at twice section corresponding to valley.
Step 1.2.1: differential curve is carried out to peak-seeking calculating;
Step 1.2.2: result of calculation is a peak, and judgement occurs without piling up, and sees Fig. 6;
Step 1.2.3: result of calculation is more than Huo Liangge peak, two peaks, and judgement is piled up, and sees Fig. 7 and Fig. 8;
Step 1.2.4: intercept the differentiated data between two peak values, for judging the accumulation type; If in data, maximal value is greater than 0, be judged as rear edge and pile up, see Fig. 6; If all data all are less than 0, be judged as forward position and pile up, see Fig. 7.
Step 2: the correction of pulse pile-up
When the forward position accumulation occurs, because two signal amplitudes that occur to pile up produce stack, distortion has all occurred, therefore these two signals all should be given up.Then when piling up, the previous signal amplitude that occurs to pile up does not distort, but give simply cutting to obtain this signal pulse amplitude value, although a signal amplitude distorted but can proofread and correct utilization by numerical approach then.
Along the concrete bearing calibration of pileup pulse, be described as afterwards:
Step 2.1: calculate the pulse waveform parameter
The nuclear radiation pulse can mean with double-exponential function, and the mathematic(al) representation after its amplitude normalization is:
τ in formula
1and τ
cbe respectively fast, the slow time constant of two index shape signals, the rise time of actual waveform and die-away time are by τ
1and τ
ccommon decision, k
1and k
2for the coefficient factor.
Step 2.1.1: τ
1and τ
ctwo parameters are relevant with process, the electronics circuit characteristic of charge generation in detector and collection, once detector is definite, measures the kind of particle and determine, this parameter is fixing constant.
Step 2.1.2: carry out Function Fitting according to the experiment collection waveform (seeing Fig. 9) of monopulse, obtain τ
1and τ
cnumerical value.
Step 2.2: cutting and pileup pulse are proofreaied and correct
Step 2.2.1: its mathematic(al) representation is (to see Figure 10) after two superimposed pulses
V in formula
1and V
2be respectively the waveforms amplitude of first and second pulse, k
1and k
2for the coefficient factor of first pulse, k
3and k
4it is the coefficient factor of second pulse.
Step 2.2.2: establish the total length of time of pileup pulse from 0 to t
2, two pulse waveform data to be cut open, cut point is t
1(seeing Figure 10); Differentiated data in step 1 between intercepting two peak values is judged, if in data, maximal value is greater than 0, is rear along piling up, and the corresponding time of this maximal value is t
1numerical value.
Step 2.2.3: by 0 to t
1experimental waveform data (being first pulse data) be not subject to the interference of second signal to produce distortion, can take general amplitude extraction algorithm to calculate the range value of this signal, but the Fitting Calculation obtains k simultaneously
1and k
2, and then calculate first pulse at t
1to t
2variable quantity on time interval, by t
1to t
2experimental waveform data (second pulse data) deduct this variable quantity, can obtain the true Wave data of second pulse, and then calculate the amplitude numerical value of second pulse.
The program circuit of above-mentioned pulse pile-up judgement and bearing calibration as shown in figure 11.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is:
(1) set up the digitizing solution of pulse pile-up judgement
Complicated hardware device in spectrometer discards tradition, with digitizing solution, the output pulse collected is carried out differential and analyzed the curent change that forms pulse, without the differential curve of piling up signal, a valley has only appearred, in piling up signal, two or more valleies have appearred, illustrate that the process of twice or two above fast-descending has appearred in now prime amplifier output pulse in the decline process, the method is simple and clear, and physical significance is clear.
(2) can accurately judge the accumulation type
Classic method can't judge the forward position accumulation and be less than the rear along piling up of tens nanoseconds.Adopt this method, can accurately judge the forward position accumulation, judgement is piled up on rear edge can reach 5-8 nanosecond (adopting the high-speed data acquisition card of 1GHz).When pile up on rear edge, between twice valley of differential curve, occur just rising in value, the prime amplifier output signal pulses ascendant trend occurred in twice fast drop course.And forward position is while piling up, between twice valley of differential curve, not there will be on the occasion of, ascendant trend does not appear in the prime amplifier output signal pulses in twice fast drop course, but has and increase the phenomenon eased up at twice section corresponding to valley.
(3) can carry out the correction of pulse pile-up, improve the pulse percent of pass
Tradition spectrometer and previous numerical approach sentence for avoiding piling up certain accumulation of general use the method for abandoning, as long as be judged as accumulation, just abandon.This method is accurately judging on the basis of pulse pile-up type, when the forward position accumulation occurs, because distortion has all occurred two signal amplitudes that occur to pile up, therefore these two signals all should be given up.During then along accumulation, the previous signal amplitude that occurs to pile up does not distort, can give simple cutting retains to extract this signal pulse amplitude value, an although signal amplitude distorted but can be proofreaied and correct and retain by mathematical method then, thereby effectively improved the utilization factor of signal, can not only reduce the energy resolution loss that pulse pile-up causes, and improve to greatest extent the pulse percent of pass of system.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: pile up and time chart in the pulse signal forward position
Fig. 2: after pulse signal, pile up and time chart on edge
Fig. 3: pulse pile-up judgement embodiment single pulse waveforms figure
Fig. 4: the two pileup pulse oscillograms of pulse pile-up judgement embodiment
Fig. 5: pulse pile-up judgement embodiment tri-pileup pulse oscillograms
Fig. 6: without piling up signal-differential curve figure
Fig. 7: rear along piling up signal-differential curve figure
Fig. 8: signal-differential curve figure is piled up in forward position
Fig. 9: monopulse nuclear radiation timing chart
Figure 10: pileup pulse nuclear radiation timing chart
Figure 11: pulse pile-up judgement and correcting process figure
Embodiment
Now by reference to the accompanying drawings the pulse pile-up judgement of the inventive method and the embodiment of proofreading and correct are described further
Embodiment:
Referring to Fig. 3,4,5: the pre-service that is the negative edge pulse signal in the present embodiment method.Nuclear radiation detector prime amplifier output waveform from high speed digital sample is generally individual pulse, after the pre-service of signal, generally signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) preferably can be arranged, and is applicable to the requirement of later analysis program.As shown in Figure 3.Yet, just needing to consider the pile up effect of signal in the high count rate situation, the peak section of signal piles up and will make signal amplitude and waveform change a lot, and also causes resolution to degenerate, and sees shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.
Referring to Fig. 6,7,8: the determining step that is the accumulation type in the present embodiment method.Result of calculation is a peak, and judgement occurs without piling up, (seeing step 1.2.2); Result of calculation is more than Huo Liangge peak, two peaks, and judgement is piled up, (seeing step 1.2.3); Intercept the differentiated data between two peak values, for judging the accumulation type; If in data, maximal value is greater than 0, be judged as rear edge and pile up, see Fig. 6; If all data all are less than 0, are judged as forward position and pile up, (seeing step 1.2.4).
Referring to Fig. 9,10: the aligning step that is the pulse pile-up in the present embodiment method.Carry out Function Fitting according to the experiment collection waveform (seeing step 2.1.2) of monopulse, obtain τ
1and τ
cnumerical value; Its mathematic(al) representation is (to see step 2.2.1) after two superimposed pulses
V in formula
1and V
2be respectively the waveforms amplitude of first and second pulse, k
1and k
2for the coefficient factor of first pulse, k
3and k
4it is the coefficient factor of second pulse; If the total length of time of pileup pulse is from 0 to t
2, two pulse waveform data to be cut open, cut point is t
1(seeing step 2.2.2); Differentiated data in step 1 between intercepting two peak values is judged, if in data, maximal value is greater than 0, is rear along piling up, and the corresponding time of this maximal value is t
1numerical value.
Referring to Figure 11: the pulse pile-up judgement and the bearing calibration program circuit that are the inventive method.The overall process of the inventive method has been described simply with the form of block diagram.
Claims (4)
1. nuclear radiation pulse pile-up judgement and the bearing calibration based on high speed digital sample is characterized in that: comprise pulse pile-up judgement, pulse pile-up correction two parts; Specifically carry out according to the following steps:
Step 1: pulse pile-up judgement
Step 1.1: signal is carried out to differential
Step 1.2: the judgement of piling up type
Step 2: the correction of pulse pile-up
Step 2.1: calculate the pulse waveform parameter
The nuclear radiation pulse can mean with double-exponential function, and the mathematic(al) representation after its amplitude normalization is:
τ in formula
1and τ
cbe respectively fast, the slow time constant of two index shape signals, the rise time of actual waveform and die-away time are by τ
1and τ
ccommon decision, k
1and k
2for the coefficient factor;
Step 2.2: cutting and pileup pulse are proofreaied and correct.
2. a kind of nuclear radiation pulse pile-up judgement and bearing calibration based on high speed digital sample according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of " signal is carried out to differential " described in step 1.1 are as follows:
Step 1.2.1: differential curve is carried out to peak-seeking calculating;
Step 1.2.2: result of calculation is a peak, and judgement occurs without piling up;
Step 1.2.3: result of calculation is more than Huo Liangge peak, two peaks, and judgement is piled up;
Step 1.2.4: intercept the differentiated data between two peak values, for judging the accumulation type; If in data, maximal value is greater than 0, be judged as rear along piling up; If all data all are less than 0, are judged as forward position and pile up.
3. a kind of nuclear radiation pulse pile-up judgement and bearing calibration based on high speed digital sample according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the concrete steps of " the calculating the pulse waveform parameter " described in step 2.1 are as follows:
Step 2.1.1: τ
1and τ
ctwo parameters are relevant with process, the electronics circuit characteristic of charge generation in detector and collection, once detector is definite, measures the kind of particle and determine, this parameter is fixing constant;
Step 2.1.2: carry out Function Fitting according to the experiment collection waveform of monopulse, obtain τ
1and τ
cnumerical value.
4. a kind of nuclear radiation pulse pile-up judgement and bearing calibration based on high speed digital sample according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the concrete steps of " cutting and pileup pulse are proofreaied and correct " described in step 2.2 are as follows:
Step 2.2.1: after two superimposed pulses, its mathematic(al) representation is
V in formula
1and V
2be respectively the waveforms amplitude of first and second pulse, k
1and k
2for the coefficient factor of first pulse, k
3and k
4it is the coefficient factor of second pulse;
Step 2.2.2: establish the total length of time of pileup pulse from 0 to t
2, two pulse waveform data to be cut open, cut point is t
1; Differentiated data in step 1 between intercepting two peak values is judged, if in data, maximal value is greater than 0, is rear along piling up, and the corresponding time of this maximal value is t
1numerical value;
Step 2.2.3: by 0 to t
1the experimental waveform data be not subject to the interference of second signal to produce distortion, can take general amplitude extraction algorithm to calculate the range value of this signal, but the Fitting Calculation obtains k simultaneously
1and k
2, and then calculate first pulse at t
1to t
2variable quantity on time interval, by t
1to t
2the experimental waveform data deduct this variable quantity, can obtain the true Wave data of second pulse, and then calculate the amplitude numerical value of second pulse.
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