CN105866557B - A kind of realization GHZThe time of pulse percent of pass, energy bispectrum synchronized measurement system - Google Patents
A kind of realization GHZThe time of pulse percent of pass, energy bispectrum synchronized measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- H04N25/773—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components comprising A/D, V/T, V/F, I/T or I/F converters comprising photon counting circuits, e.g. single photon detection [SPD] or single photon avalanche diodes [SPAD]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of realization GHZThe time of pulse percent of pass, energy bispectrum synchronized measurement system, the system comprises:Supper-fast current amplifier, supper-fast current-to-voltage convertor, FPGA module, very high speed analog switch, charge integrator and ultra high-speed adc.Particle signal by being assigned to the fast amplitude analyzer of independent parallel by the present invention, to improve the processing capacity to particle signal;Conventional high speed digital multi-channel analysis ability progress can be improved 32 times;Solves the measurement of the single particle signal energy, time double parameters of the particle signal of GHz frequencies;It can reach the step-by-step counting percent of pass of GHz.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to GHZTime, energy bispectrum number multichannel technique more particularly to a kind of realization GH of pulse percent of passZ
The time of pulse percent of pass, energy bispectrum synchronized measurement system.
Background technology
Multichannel pulse scope-analyzer (abbreviation multiple tracks) is the common instrument in Application of Nuclear Technology.In recent years, it is based on direct
The digital multiple tracks of sampling analysis impulse waveform have developed rapidly, and compared with traditional analog multiple tracks, with analysis rate, fast, pulse is led to
Rate height is crossed, the advantages that more pulse signals can be detected, flexible data processing algorithm is realized using programming device.
Analog-digital converter, that is, A/D converter or abbreviation ADC, it is digital signal to typically refer to one by analog-signal transitions
Electronic component.The effect of A/D conversions is that Time Continuous, amplitude also continuous analog quantity are converted to time discrete, amplitude
Discrete digital signal, therefore, A/D conversions generally will be through 4 over sampling, holding, quantization and coding processes.
The resolution ratio of analog-digital converter refers to that, for the analog signal in allowable range, it can export discrete digital
The number of signal value.
FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), i.e. field programmable gate array, it is as special
A kind of semi-custom circuit in the field integrated circuit (ASIC) and occur, not only solved the deficiency of custom circuit, but also overcome
The limited disadvantage of original programming device gate circuit number.
Traditional Measuring Methods of Pulse Amplitude:
Traditional pulse-height analyzer uses sunykatuib analysis technology, and the signal that it generally first exports detector amplifies,
It is sent into slower A/D converter analysis and record after carrying out pulse shaping again, anti-interference ability and flexibility are all poor, higher
In the case of counting rate, the energy and temporal information of each incoming particle can not be obtained, it is difficult to realize that particle signal differentiates, accumulation is believed
Number restore etc. functions.
It is existing Measuring Methods of Pulse Amplitude as shown in Figure 1, wherein Fig. 1 a, 1b are using the preposition amplification of Charge Sensitive Type
The impulse amplitude measuring system that device is constituted, belongs to pulse working mode;Fig. 1 c are using current-voltage conversion hysteria preamplifier
The impulse amplitude measuring system of composition, belongs to current working mode.
Under low counting rate, Fig. 1 a modes can work normally, and can get the energy information of single particle, and impulse amplitude differentiates effect
Fruit is preferable;
Under high count rate, in Fig. 1 b modes before put output voltage pulse all accumulation, accumulation, in the arteries and veins Jing Guo rear class
After punching forming device, multiple voltage pulse accumulations become a pulse, to obtain the energy information of each particle, have exceeded
Rear class number multiple tracks uses the processing time of system.
Usually in relatively low counting rate, it is all based on Fig. 1 a, 1b modes work.It (is typically larger than when the count rate is higher
The supreme MHz of hundreds of KHz), traditional charge amplifier can not work, therefore traditional processing method is to use current-voltage
Conversion hysteria preamplifier directly directly accumulates the corresponding pulse of each particle in the case of high count rate to be believed as a direct current
Number, therefore by measuring the average pulse amplitude size of the d. c. voltage signal, to know the average energy of incoming particle indirectly,
This method is current main stream approach, but the energy that can not differentiate each particle can only obtain a large amount of particles at the time of appearance
Average effect, the information that can retain is very limited, constrains the development of modern high energy nuclear physics.
Existing main problem is as follows:
1, the analog-to-digital conversion rate of the analog-digital converter of general digital multiple tracks is difficult to improve without limitation, is generally up to no more than
GHz or so, therefore when the arrival time of particle close to nanosecond, each particle can not be told.
2, in order to accurately analyze the energy for measuring each particle, it is necessary to which exhibition is formed in the signal to preceding putting output
Width, to can get excellent impulse amplitude measurement effect.And under high count rate, shape stretcher pulse all accumulation and
Each pulse can not be differentiated.
The present invention will realize the synchronization of (GHz pulses percent of pass) single particle energy, temporal information under the conditions of high count rate
It measures.
Invention content
In order to solve the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of realization GHZThe time of pulse percent of pass, energy
Bispectrum synchronized measurement system.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by technical solution below:
A kind of realization GHZThe time of pulse percent of pass, energy bispectrum synchronized measurement system, the system comprises:It is supper-fast
Current amplifier, supper-fast current-to-voltage convertor, FPGA module, very high speed analog switch, charge integrator and ultrahigh speed mould
Number converter;It is described
Supper-fast current amplifier, the signal for being exported to detector amplifies, and carries out signal using current impulse
Transmission;
Supper-fast current-to-voltage convertor for current signal to be converted into voltage signal, and is transferred to FPGA module list
Member;And current pulse signal is output to very high speed analog switch by delay line;
FPGA module, including time-to-digital converter unit and current pulse sequence distributor;For output time spectral line and
32 way switch gating signals, and the current pulse signal that the switch gating signal and supper-fast current amplifier export is exported
And very high speed analog switch is reached simultaneously;
Very high speed analog switchs, for exporting 32 tunnel current impulses;
Charge integrator, the noise smoothing that will be superimposed in current impulse, while current impulse integral is obtained into entire electric current
The intensity of pulse;
Ultra high-speed adc, the exponential voltage that the exponential voltage signal that 32 tunnels are simulated is converted to 32 railway digitals are believed
Number, and discrete signal is input in FPGA.
Compared with prior art, one or more embodiments of the invention can have the following advantages that:
1, by the way that particle signal to be assigned to the fast amplitude analyzer of independent parallel, to improve to particle signal
Processing capacity.
2, conventional high speed digital multi-channel analysis ability progress can be improved 32 times.
3, the measurement of the single particle signal energy, time double parameters of the particle signal of GHz frequencies is solved.
4, it can reach the step-by-step counting percent of pass of GHz.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 a, 1b and 1c are prior art Measuring Methods of Pulse Amplitude structural schematic diagrams;
Fig. 2 is to realize GHZThe time of pulse percent of pass, energy bispectrum synchronized measurement system structural schematic diagram;
U1 is supper-fast current amplifier, U2 is supper-fast current-to-voltage convertor, U3 is that FPGA internal time numbers turn
Change unit, U4 is current pulse sequence distributor, U5 is 32 channel ultrahigh speeds (ps ranks) analog switch, U6 is 32 channels electricity
Lotus integrator (time constant 32ns), U7 be 32 channel ultra high-speed adcs (every ADC conversion frequency is 1GHz),
U8 is 32 channel number word impulse amplitude extractors, U9 is 32 channel normalization coefficient correction devices, U10 is 32 channel spectral line synthesis
Device.
Specific implementation mode
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment and attached drawing to this hair
It is bright to be described in further detail.
As shown in Fig. 2, to realize GHZThe time of pulse percent of pass, energy bispectrum synchronized measurement system structure, including:It is super
Fast current amplifier, supper-fast current-to-voltage convertor, FPGA module, very high speed analog switch, charge integrator and superelevation
Fast analog-digital converter;It is described
Supper-fast current amplifier, the signal for being exported to detector amplifies, and carries out signal using current impulse
Transmission;
Supper-fast current-to-voltage convertor for current signal to be converted into voltage signal, and is transferred to FPGA module list
Member;And current pulse signal is output to very high speed analog switch by delay line;
FPGA module, including time-to-digital converter unit and current pulse sequence distributor;For output time spectral line and
32 way switch gating signals, and the current pulse signal that the switch gating signal and supper-fast current amplifier export is exported
And very high speed analog switch is reached simultaneously;
Very high speed analog switchs, for exporting 32 tunnel current impulses;
Charge integrator, the noise smoothing that will be superimposed in current impulse, while current impulse integral is obtained into entire electric current
The intensity of pulse;
Ultra high-speed adc, the exponential voltage that the exponential voltage signal that 32 tunnels are simulated is converted to 32 railway digitals are believed
Number, and discrete signal is input in FPGA.
Select supper-fast current amplifier U1 sensitive to detector output signal amplification replacement conventional charge or pressure sensitive
Mode carries out signal amplification;The transmission that signal is carried out using current impulse substitutes the transmission of conventional voltage pulse signal;Using super
High speed current-to-voltage convertor realizes the shaping and conversion of current pulse signal;Using very high speed analog switching current system
Substitute conventional voltage switching mode;Using Current amplifier, crosstalk phenomenon of the voltage pulse signal in analog switch can be eliminated.This
Sample can improve signal-to-noise ratio, ensure temporal information.And conventional method uses voltage system transmission simulation core pulse signal, signal source
The DC characteristics impedance mismatch of internal resistance and transmission line can cause transmitted high-frequency signal generation ring, overshoot and amplitude to decline
Phenomena such as subtracting, and easily by external interference, signal transmission is unstable, therefore for superfast core pulse signal, it is difficult to ensure
Its accurate impulse amplitude information and temporal information.The present embodiment is then current signal instead of conventional voltage signal processing mode
Processing mode.In this way instead of traditional voltage-type and charge type amplifier, can effectively ensure that particle pulse signal when
Between characteristic and amplitude characteristic.
U2, the delay that U3, U4 are brought, to ensure that analog switch gating signal is believed with current impulse are eliminated by delay line
Number synchronization.
Current impulse is distributed measures workflow with the time:Time converting unit output time spectral line inside FPGA leads to
Cross U4 export 32 way switch gating signals give 32 tunnels analogies switch.Delay time by adjusting delay line ensures U1 outputs
Current pulse signal and the switch gating signal of FPGA portion output reach U5 simultaneously.Whenever U1 one current impulse of arrival, then
Current pulse sequence distributor inside FPGA then opens the wherein way switch in 32 tunnels analogies switch, and closes other institutes
There is switch, as U1 current impulses arrive successively, then the then gating switch successively of 32 way switch in 32 tunnels analogies switch.
Current pulse sequence distributor inside FPGA is 32 system Counters, often receives 32 pulses and then counts again so that mould
Quasi- switch is then in poll cross-conduction state always.Each way switch in 32 channel very high speed analog switches is all every in U1
1 pulse of output is just connected in 32 pulses of output, and the current impulse method of salary distribution of the present embodiment can realize the single channel for exporting U1
Ultrahigh speed current impulse distribution becomes the relative low speeds current impulse that frequency declines 32 times.The method changes traditional single channel particle letter
Number analysis method, be changed to using multichannel distribute, be used in combination multidiameter delay synchronize digital amplitude analyzer, to substantially increase
Step-by-step counting percent of pass.Parallel assignment channel number can be increased and further promote step-by-step counting percent of pass.
The current impulse in 32 channels 32 tunnels of very high speed analog switch output, in order to accurately obtain the intensity of each current impulse
Corresponding projectile energy size is namely obtained, the charge integrator that current impulse is first passed through to 32 channels is needed, passes through
The noise smoothing that integrator will be superimposed in current impulse, while by the intensity of the entire current impulse of current impulse integral acquisition, showing
The time of integration of right integrator is longer, and the time width of integrator output signal is longer, is more conducive to every road signal pulse amplitude
The resolution ratio of extraction.But the time of integration is longer, then can descending system step-by-step counting percent of pass.Due to the height of the use of this system
Fast ADC is 1GHz, and using 32 distributors, theoretically can be 32 times to each pulse daley, so part selection
Time of integration maximum was no more than for 32 nanoseconds.After 32 channel charge integrators, or so 1 nanosecond of front end width current, narrow arteries and veins
Punching be transformed to 32 nanosecond width exponential voltage signal.Since current signal is converted to the lower electricity of relative frequency at this time
Signal is pressed, therefore can directly use conventional transmission mode and impulse amplitude extracting mode.
32 channel super high-speed A/D C realize the exponential voltage that the exponential voltage signal that 32 tunnels are simulated is converted to 32 railway digitals
Signal, and the discrete signal is input in FPGA system.In order to improve step-by-step counting percent of pass, the ADC that the present embodiment is selected
ADC for the high conversion rate as far as possible that can be selected on the market at present, that this patent is selected is the ADC of 1GHz, uses 32 altogether
Piece, every is all complete parallel independent operating, therefore theoretically can be obtained maximum slew rate is 1GHz*32=32GHz.Therefore
Far more than arbitrary a high-speed ADC on the market at present, to can also obtain high step-by-step counting percent of pass.
After the discrete exponential signal in 32 roads is input to the inside FPGA, using the parallel independent number ladder in 32 tunnels inside FPGA
With digit pulse amplitude extractor, by after the amplitude of every road signal accurately extraction, coefficient correction is finally normalized in shape former
It is synthesized with spectral line to the spectrum curve after one synthesis of output.
After present specification makes pulse signal amplify, no longer pass through threshold value discriminator circuit and peak detection circuit stretched pulse
Peak value, but by high-speed ADC real-time sampling, accurate digital peak is obtained after FPGA is handled.Therefore precision is high, and performance is good.
Above-described embodiment is carried out the amplification of core pulse signal using pure current system, transmission, distributes later just charge integration
Method of the impulse amplitude extraction instead of traditional first charge integration amplified signal transmission and amplitude extraction is realized for voltage signal;
And the relative low speeds current impulse that single channel ultrahigh speed current pulse signal is transformed to 32 channels by accurate time synchronization is believed
Number;32 channel charge integrators are coordinated to be extracted with 32 channel number word impulse amplitudes inside FPGA using multichannel 1GHz analog-digital converters
Device realizes the digital information acquisition ability for being up to 32GHz, to improve pulse percent of pass;It realizes simultaneously and GHz pulses is passed through
The measurement of the single particle energy of rate, time double parameters, and the two has time cooperation function, it is ensured that the matter of time energy bispectrum
Amount.
Although disclosed herein embodiment it is as above, the content is only to facilitate understanding the present invention and adopting
Embodiment is not limited to the present invention.Any those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains are not departing from this
Under the premise of the disclosed spirit and scope of invention, any modification and change can be made in the implementing form and in details,
But the scope of patent protection of the present invention, still should be subject to the scope of the claims as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of realization GHZThe time of pulse percent of pass, energy bispectrum synchronized measurement system, which is characterized in that the system packet
It includes:Supper-fast current amplifier, supper-fast current-to-voltage convertor, FPGA module, very high speed analog switch, charge integrator and
Ultra high-speed adc;It is described
Supper-fast current amplifier, the signal for being exported to detector amplifies, and the transmission of signal is carried out using current impulse;
Supper-fast current-to-voltage convertor for current signal to be converted into voltage signal, and is transferred to FPGA module unit;And
Current pulse signal is output to very high speed analog switch by delay line;
FPGA module, including time-to-digital converter unit and current pulse sequence distributor;For output time spectral line and 32 tunnels
Switch gating signal, the switch gating signal of the current pulse signal that supper-fast current amplifier is exported and FPGA portion output
32 channel very high speed analog switches are reached simultaneously;
Very high speed analog switchs, for exporting 32 tunnel current impulses;
Charge integrator, the noise smoothing that will be superimposed in current impulse, while current impulse integral is obtained into entire current impulse
Intensity;
The exponential voltage signal that 32 tunnels are simulated is converted to the exponential voltage signal of 32 railway digitals by ultra high-speed adc, and
Discrete signal is input in FPGA;
The FPGA module further include the parallel independent digital trapezoidal shaping device in 32 tunnels, 32 channel number word impulse amplitude extractors,
32 channel normalization system compensation devices and 32 channel spectral line synthesizers;And using the parallel independent digital trapezoidal shaping in 32 tunnel
The amplitude of device and the extraction of 32 channel number word impulse amplitude extractors per road signal, is then normalized the signal amplitude and is
Number correction is synthesized with spectral line, to the spectrum curve after one synthesis of output.
2. realizing GH as described in claim 1ZThe time of pulse percent of pass, energy bispectrum synchronized measurement system, feature exist
In,
The very high speed analog switch is 32 channel very high speed analog switches;
The charge integrator is 32 channel charge integrators;
The ultra high-speed adc is 32 channel ultra high-speed adcs.
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CN110456402B (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2021-09-10 | 北京云端光科技术有限公司 | Radiation dose detection method and device |
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