CN113835114B - Compact high-energy gamma ray anti-coincidence laminated detector - Google Patents
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- CN113835114B CN113835114B CN202110981215.6A CN202110981215A CN113835114B CN 113835114 B CN113835114 B CN 113835114B CN 202110981215 A CN202110981215 A CN 202110981215A CN 113835114 B CN113835114 B CN 113835114B
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- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ANDNPYOOQLLLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Y].[Lu] Chemical compound [Y].[Lu] ANDNPYOOQLLLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[Cs+] XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009206 nuclear medicine Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
- G01T1/362—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry with scintillation detectors
Abstract
The invention discloses a compact high-energy gamma ray anti-coincidence laminated detector which comprises a metal shell, a reflecting layer, a main crystal, a secondary crystal, a photomultiplier, a voltage dividing circuit, a digital spectrometer and a data processing system. The method adopts a structure that a cylindrical main crystal body is embedded into a cylindrical well-shaped secondary crystal body, a photomultiplier tube is used for coupling, and the count of energy deposition occurring in the secondary crystal body is deducted from an energy spectrum through a digital acquisition system and a pulse shape identification technology, and the count of energy deposition occurring only in the main crystal body is counted into the energy spectrum. The beneficial effects are that: interference caused by cosmic rays in energy spectrum and background rays in environment can be effectively reduced, compton platforms are suppressed, and peak-to-peak ratio is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ray energy spectrum measurement, and particularly relates to a compact high-energy gamma ray anti-coincidence laminated detector.
Background
The scintillation detector has high detection efficiency, large sensitivity volume, strong adaptability to environment, relatively simple electronic system, convenient holding and wide application in the fields of high-energy physics, nuclear medicine, geological exploration, petroleum logging and the like. Part of inorganic scintillator materials, such as cerium doped lutetium yttrium silicate and the like, are assembled to form the scintillation detector with good time characteristics.
However, the gamma energy spectrum measured by the scintillation detector often has the problem of lower peak-to-peak ratio, and the measurement of the target rays is easily interfered by background rays and cosmic rays in the environment. The main detector and the anti-coincidence detector of the traditional anti-health spectrometer adopt independent photomultiplier and electronic system, so that the adaptability to the environment is poor, and the electronic system is complex and is not easy to move.
Therefore, the compact high-energy gamma-ray anti-coincidence laminated detector is designed, a cylindrical main crystal is embedded into a cylindrical well-shaped secondary crystal, a photomultiplier tube is used for coupling, and interference caused by cosmic rays in energy spectrum and background rays in environment can be effectively reduced, a Compton platform is restrained, and the peak-to-peak ratio is improved through a digital data acquisition system and a pulse shape identification technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compact high-energy gamma ray anti-coincidence laminated detector which can reduce interference caused by cosmic rays in energy spectrum and background rays in environment, inhibit Compton platform and improve peak Kang Bi.
The compact high-energy gamma ray reflection coincidence laminated detector provided by the invention comprises a metal shell, a reflecting layer, a main crystal, a secondary crystal, a photomultiplier, a voltage dividing circuit, a digital spectrometer and a data processing system.
Wherein the reflecting layer, the primary crystal, the secondary crystal, the photomultiplier and the voltage dividing circuit are all arranged in the metal shell.
The main crystal is cerium-doped lutetium yttrium silicate crystal, the rise time T1 and the decay time T2 are cylindrical, the diameter is 25.4 mm, and the height is 60 mm.
The secondary crystal is thallium-doped cesium iodide crystal, the rise time T3 and the decay time T4 are cylindrical well-shaped, the well diameter is 27.4 mm, the well depth is 60 mm, the diameter of the cylinder is 67.4 mm, and the height is 65 mm.
The time parameter relation is as follows: t4 is greater than 5 times T2 and T3 is greater than 5 times T1.
The primary crystal is embedded in the secondary crystal, the portions of the primary crystal and the secondary crystal except for the exit window are coated with a reflective layer, and a photomultiplier tube is coupled to the exit window of the secondary crystal.
The photomultiplier is connected with the voltage dividing circuit, and the digital spectrometer converts the electric signal generated by the voltage dividing circuit into a digital signal and sends the digital signal to the data processing system.
The data processing system integrates a control method for discriminating pulse shapes, and the specific steps are as follows:
step one, turning on a digital spectrometer, and waiting for the rising edge of a signal;
capturing a rising edge, starting recording pulse, and waiting for a falling edge;
Capturing a falling edge, and finishing pulse recording;
step four, performing five-point smoothing on the pulse;
step five, searching peaks of the smoothed pulse, wherein the minimum protrusion amplitude of the searched peak is not less than 20% of the maximum height of the pulse, and the interval between two peaks is not less than 20ns;
step six, if the number of peaks is more than or equal to two, the recorded pulse is a stacking signal, the recorded pulse is truncated, and if the number of peaks is one, the processing is continued;
step seven, obtaining time coordinates PT1 and PT2 corresponding to the pulse height of 10% of the maximum value, and time coordinates PT3 and PT4 corresponding to the pulse height of 90% of the maximum value, wherein PT1 is smaller than PT2, and PT3 is smaller than PT4;
And step eight, obtaining the rising time of the pulse as PT3 minus PT1 and the decay time as PT4 minus PT2, and calculating the integral area S of the pulse, wherein the integral area S is used as the track address in the gamma energy spectrum.
Step nine, saving the values of the rising time, the decay time and the track address into a matrix;
step ten, waiting for the rising edge of the signal, repeatedly executing the step two to the step nine, and repeatedly executing the step N times;
step elevationally, a two-dimensional distribution map is made by taking the ascending time recorded in the matrix as a horizontal axis and the decay time as a vertical axis;
And step twelve, dividing the two-dimensional distribution diagram drawn in the step nine into four areas by two straight lines with rising time equal to TR and decay time equal to TD, wherein the values of TR and TD enable the data in the two-dimensional distribution diagram to be concentrated in two areas in the four areas.
And thirteen, counting all counts with rise time smaller than TR and decay time smaller than TD into an energy spectrum.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
The gamma energy spectrum measured by the scintillation detector has lower peak-to-peak ratio, and the measurement of the target rays is easy to be interfered by background rays and cosmic rays in the environment. The Compton platform is formed because gamma rays undergo one or more Compton scattering in the host crystal, and scattered photons escape from the host crystal leaving a continuous electron spectrum. The invention adopts a structure that a cylindrical main crystal body is embedded into a cylindrical well-shaped secondary crystal and is coupled by a photomultiplier, and counts belonging to Compton platforms, environmental background and cosmic rays are deducted from an energy spectrum through a digital acquisition system and a pulse shape identification technology. The situation that energy deposition occurs in both the primary crystal and the secondary crystal belongs to the count of the Compton platform, the situation that energy deposition occurs in the secondary crystal or energy deposition occurs in both the secondary crystal and the primary crystal belongs to the count of environmental background and cosmic rays, and the counting that energy deposition occurs in the secondary crystal is deducted from the energy spectrum.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the compact high-energy gamma ray anti-coincidence laminated detector provided by the invention adopts a structure that a cylindrical main crystal body is embedded into a cylindrical well-shaped secondary crystal body and is coupled by a photomultiplier, and the count of energy deposition generated in the secondary crystal body is deducted from an energy spectrum through a digital acquisition system and a pulse shape identification technology, so that the background rays in cosmic rays and the environment can be effectively shielded, a Compton platform is restrained, and the peak-to-health ratio is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a compact high-energy gamma-ray anti-coincidence laminated detector according to the present invention.
1. Metal shell 2, reflecting layer 3, primary crystal 4, secondary crystal
5. Photomultiplier 6, voltage divider 7, digital spectrometer 8, and data processing system
Detailed Description
Please refer to fig. 1:
In this example, the primary crystal was cerium doped lutetium yttrium silicate crystal with a rise time of 4 ns and a decay time of 53 ns, a cylindrical shape, a diameter of 25.4 mm and a height of 60 mm.
The secondary crystal is thallium doped cesium iodide crystal, the rising time is 27 nanoseconds, the decay time is 1000 nanoseconds, the shape is a cylindrical well shape, the well diameter is 27.4 millimeters, the well depth is 60 millimeters, the diameter of the cylinder is 67.4 millimeters, and the height is 65 millimeters.
The primary crystal is embedded in the secondary crystal, the portions of the primary crystal and the secondary crystal except the exit window are coated with a titanium dioxide reflecting layer, and a photomultiplier tube is coupled with the exit window of the secondary crystal.
The photomultiplier was 9305KB, manufacturer was ET ENTERPRISES, UK, and the transit time was 42 nanoseconds.
The voltage divider circuit is C636AFN2, and the manufacturer is ET ENTERPRISES company in England.
The reflecting layer, the main crystal, the secondary crystal, the photomultiplier and the voltage dividing circuit are arranged in an aluminum shell, and a high voltage and a signal interface are led out from the voltage dividing circuit.
The digital spectrometer adopts a PCIe-69852 type data acquisition card of Shanghai abridged armilla technology, and a signal interface led out from the voltage dividing circuit is connected to a signal input interface of the data acquisition card.
The data processing system adopts a desktop computer, and the digital spectrometer is inserted on a PCIE interface of the desktop computer.
The desktop computer integrates a control method for identifying pulse shapes, and the specific steps are as follows:
step one, turning on a digital spectrometer, and waiting for the rising edge of a signal;
capturing a rising edge, starting recording pulse, and waiting for a falling edge;
Capturing a falling edge, and finishing pulse recording;
step four, performing five-point smoothing on the pulse;
step five, searching peaks of the smoothed pulse, wherein the minimum protrusion amplitude of the searched peak is not less than 20% of the maximum height of the pulse, and the interval between two peaks is not less than 20ns;
step six, if the number of peaks is more than or equal to two, the recorded pulse is a stacking signal, the recorded pulse is truncated, and if the number of peaks is one, the processing is continued;
step seven, obtaining time coordinates PT1 and PT2 corresponding to the pulse height of 10% of the maximum value, and time coordinates PT3 and PT4 corresponding to the pulse height of 90% of the maximum value, wherein PT1 is smaller than PT2, and PT3 is smaller than PT4;
And step eight, obtaining the rising time of the pulse as PT3 minus PT1 and the decay time as PT4 minus PT2, and calculating the integral area S of the pulse, wherein the integral area S is used as the track address in the gamma energy spectrum.
Step nine, saving the values of the rising time, the decay time and the track address into a matrix;
step ten, waiting for the rising edge of the signal, repeatedly executing the step two to the step nine, and repeatedly executing the step N times;
step elevationally, a two-dimensional distribution map is made by taking the ascending time recorded in the matrix as a horizontal axis and the decay time as a vertical axis;
And step twelve, dividing the two-dimensional distribution diagram drawn in the step nine into four areas by two straight lines with rising time equal to TR and decay time equal to TD, wherein the values of TR and TD enable the data in the two-dimensional distribution diagram to be concentrated in two areas in the four areas.
And thirteen, counting all counts with rise time smaller than TR and decay time smaller than TD into an energy spectrum.
Claims (1)
1. A control method of a compact high-energy gamma ray anti-coincidence laminated detector is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the compact high-energy gamma-ray anti-coincidence laminated detector comprises: the main crystal is embedded into the secondary crystal, the parts of the main crystal and the secondary crystal except the emergent window are coated with reflecting layers, and a photomultiplier is coupled with the emergent window of the secondary crystal; the main crystal is cerium-doped lutetium yttrium silicate crystal, is cylindrical in shape, has a diameter of 25.4 mm and is 60 mm high; the secondary crystal is a thallium-doped cesium iodide crystal, the shape of the secondary crystal is a cylindrical well shape, the well diameter is 27.4 mm, the well depth is 60 mm, the diameter of the cylinder is 67.4 mm, and the height is 65 mm; the rising time of the secondary crystal is more than five times of that of the primary crystal; the decay time of the secondary crystal is more than five times of the rising time of the main crystal; the data processing system integrates a control method for discriminating pulse shapes, and the specific method is as follows:
step one, turning on a digital spectrometer, and waiting for the rising edge of a signal;
capturing a rising edge, starting recording pulse, and waiting for a falling edge;
Capturing a falling edge, and finishing pulse recording;
step four, performing five-point smoothing on the pulse;
Step five, searching peaks of the smoothed pulse, wherein the minimum protrusion amplitude of the searched peak is not less than 20% of the maximum height of the pulse, and the interval between two peaks is not less than 20ns;
step six, if the number of peaks is more than or equal to two, the recorded pulse is a stacking signal, the recorded pulse is truncated, and if the number of peaks is one, the processing is continued;
Step seven, obtaining time coordinates PT1 and PT2 corresponding to the pulse height of 10% of the maximum value, and time coordinates PT3 and PT4 corresponding to the pulse height of 90% of the maximum value, wherein PT1 is smaller than PT2, and PT3 is smaller than PT4;
Step eight, obtaining the rising time of the pulse as PT3 minus PT1 and the decay time as PT4 minus PT2, and calculating the integral area S of the pulse, wherein the integral area S is used as the channel address in the gamma energy spectrum;
Step nine, saving the values of the rising time, the decay time and the track address into a matrix;
step ten, waiting for the rising edge of the signal, repeatedly executing the step two to the step nine, and repeatedly executing the step N times;
step elevationally, a two-dimensional distribution map is made by taking the ascending time recorded in the matrix as a horizontal axis and the decay time as a vertical axis;
Step twelve, dividing the two-dimensional distribution diagram drawn in the step eleven into four areas by two straight lines with rising time equal to TR and decay time equal to TD, wherein the values of TR and TD enable data in the two-dimensional distribution diagram to be mainly concentrated in two areas in the four areas;
and thirteen, counting all counts with rise time smaller than TR and decay time smaller than TD into an energy spectrum.
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