CN107450092B - For measuring the device of photon information - Google Patents
For measuring the device of photon information Download PDFInfo
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- CN107450092B CN107450092B CN201710727991.7A CN201710727991A CN107450092B CN 107450092 B CN107450092 B CN 107450092B CN 201710727991 A CN201710727991 A CN 201710727991A CN 107450092 B CN107450092 B CN 107450092B
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
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- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
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Abstract
Disclose a kind of for measuring the device of photon information, including main measuring circuit and time measuring circuit, time measuring circuit includes: conversion module, and the initial signal for exporting photoelectric sensor is converted to the conversion signal of voltage form；Derivative module, input terminal connect the output end of conversion module, for carrying out differential to conversion signal and exporting differential signal；First comparator, one input terminal connects the output end of derivative module and another input terminal accesses the first reference level, for being compared differential signal with the first reference level and generating the first comparison signal；And time measurement module, input terminal connect the output end of first comparator, for measuring the arrival time for the high-energy photon that photoelectric sensor detects according to the first comparison signal；Main measuring circuit is used to receive initial signal and is determined the relevant information of high-energy photon using initial signal.The arrival time to high-energy photon and the high-acruracy survey of other information may be implemented in the device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to circuit fields, and in particular, to a kind of for measuring the device of photon information.
Background technique
Scintillation crystal, light are generally comprised in the front-end detection device of high-energy photon (X-ray, gamma photons etc.) measuring system
Photodetector (or photoelectric sensor) and photon survey front-end circuit three parts.After high-energy photon and scintillation crystal interaction
Generate the lower visible light subgroup of energy.The optical signal that visible light subgroup carries is converted to electric signal by photoelectric sensor.Photon
The main purpose of measuring nose circuit be by measurement photoelectric sensor generate electric signal, come obtain high-energy photon energy and
Arrival time.For example, in Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission imaging (SPECT) system, gamma photons and sudden strain of a muscle
Bright crystal, such as yttrium luetcium silicate (LYSO) crystal, generate the lower visible light subgroup of energy after interaction.Photoelectric sensor,
Such as photomultiplier tube (PMT) or silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) etc., the optical signal that visible light subgroup carries is converted to electricity
Signal.Photon survey front-end circuit measures the electric signal that photoelectric sensor generates, and obtains energy and the arrival time of gamma photons.
In order to avoid the energy calculated by analog-digital converter (ADC) sampling in routine techniques is by photoelectric sensor
The problem of influence of the initial time of the electric signal of output, proposes a kind of improved photon survey front-end circuit at present, utilizes
The electric signal that integration module exports photoelectric sensor integrates, when the charge accumulated in integration module reaches a certain amount of,
It can be with start pulse signal.It may then based on pulse signal and obtain the information such as energy and the arrival time of high-energy photon.
When measuring the arrival time of high-energy photon using improved photon survey front-end circuit, have the following problems.Research
It proves, the time that several optical photons occur before generating when being applied on scintillation crystal by measuring high-energy photon, Ke Yiqu
Obtain optimal temporal resolution.Therefore, in improved photon survey front-end circuit, it is expected that by setting system parameter, so that
It is triggered after integration module has accumulated the charge that n (such as 5) optical photons generate, generates the pulse that can be used for time measurement
Signal.However, this method can not necessarily obtain optimal temporal resolution, the reason is as follows that: (1), most of such as SiPM
Photoelectric sensor it is longer to the response time of single optical photon, the charge of generation needs the long period that can all be integrated
Module collection arrives.In this way, there may be overlappings in time for the waveform for the electric signal that multiple optical photons generate.That is,
Second may be had been received when integration module is not yet fully finished the integral of the electric signal generated to first optical photon
The electric signal of a optical photon generation simultaneously starts to integrate the electric signal.Therefore, integration module is accumulated n optical photon and is produced
The time of raw charge and start pulse signal, it is longer than the time that n-th of optical photon actually occurs.For example, when n=5, triggering
Time may be the more than tenth even time of which ten optical photons generation.(2), under the conditions of current technology, such as
Dark incident rate in the photoelectric sensor of SiPM is higher.The charge that clandestine or illicit action part generates can be accumulated in integration module.Work as high energy light
When son is applied on scintillation crystal, if integration module has accumulated which the charge that m clandestine or illicit action part generates, triggering theoretically occurs
After the charge that integration module has accumulated that the n-th-m optical photons generate, rather than n-th.Due to clandestine or illicit action part and high-energy photon
All occur at random, therefore the value of m may be uniformly distributed in the range of 0~n-1.Therefore, it generates and can be used for time measurement
Pulse signal when, the charge accumulated in integration module as caused by high-energy photon is not necessarily what n optical photon generated
Charge, and may be the charge that any number of optical photon in the range of 1~n generates.That is, for determining height
The charge baseline of the arrival time of energy photon may drift about, therefore measure obtained arrival time and actual time of arrival phase
Than it can also happen that drift.When due to the above reasons, using the arrival of improved photon survey front-end circuit measurement high-energy photon
Between when, measurement accuracy may be affected.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide it is a kind of for measuring the device of photon information, it is deposited in the prior art at least being partially solved
The above problem.
Summary of the invention
In order at least be partially solved problems of the prior art, according to an aspect of the present invention, one kind is provided
For measuring the device of photon information.The device includes main measuring circuit and time measuring circuit.Time measuring circuit includes: to turn
Block is changed the mold, the initial signal for exporting photoelectric sensor is converted to the conversion signal of voltage form；Derivative module, it is described micro-
The input terminal of sub-module connects the output end of the conversion module, and the derivative module is used to carry out differential to the conversion signal
And export differential signal；First comparator, an input terminal of the first comparator connect the output end of the derivative module
And another input terminal of the first comparator accesses the first reference level, and the first comparator is for believing the differential
It number is compared with first reference level and generates the first comparison signal；And time measurement module, the time measurement
The input terminal of module connects the output end of the first comparator, and the time measurement module is used to compare letter according to described first
The arrival time for the high-energy photon that number measurement photoelectric sensor detects.Main measuring circuit is for receiving the initial signal
And expectation relevant to the high-energy photon is carried out using the initial signal and is measured.
Illustratively, main measuring circuit includes integration module, the second comparator, transmission control unit (TCU), negative feedback module and master
Measurement module, wherein integration module connects the output end of negative feedback module, and integration module is for receiving initial signal and to think highly of oneself
The feedback signal of feedback module, and the difference of initial signal and feedback signal is integrated and exports integrated signal；Second ratio
Compared with the output end of the input terminal connection integration module of device and another input terminal access the second reference electricity of the second comparator
Flat, integrated signal for being compared with the second reference level and generating the second comparison signal by the second comparator；Transmission control
The input terminal of device connects the output end of the second comparator, and transmission control unit (TCU) is used to control the second comparison signal using clock signal
Transmission with output digit signals, wherein in digital signal, the high level in period that the duration is equal to clock signal represent the
One logic level, the low level that in the digital signal, duration is equal to the period of clock signal represent the second logic level；It is negative
The output end of the input terminal connection transmission control unit (TCU) of feedback module, negative feedback module is for converting digital signals into feedback signal
And by feedback signal back to integration module；The output end of the input terminal connection transmission control unit (TCU) of main measurement module, main measurement
Module is used to carry out expectation measurement according to digital signal.
Illustratively, the first reference level is greater than initial signal corresponding to certain number of clandestine or illicit action part via conversion module
With the voltage value of differential signal obtained after derivative module processing.
Illustratively, given number is equal to 1.
Illustratively, main measuring circuit is a main measuring circuit, and time measuring circuit includes and one or more photoelectricity
Sensor one or more time measuring circuits correspondingly.
Illustratively, time measuring circuit is a time measuring circuit, and main measuring circuit includes and one or more light
The one-to-one one or more main measuring circuits of electric transducer.
Illustratively, time measuring circuit include with multiple photoelectric sensors composition array in a line or multirow one by one
Corresponding one or more time measuring circuit, main measuring circuit include and one or more columns per page one-to-one one in array
Or multiple main measuring circuits, device further comprise composite measurement module, the input terminal of composite measurement module connects one or more
The output end of the output end of a main measuring circuit and one or more time measuring circuits,
Composite measurement module is used for the expectation measuring signal according to one or more main measuring circuit outputs and one or more
The time measurement signal of a time measuring circuit output confirmly detects the specific photoelectric sensor of high-energy photon and surveys expectation
It measures signal and time measurement signal is associated with specific photoelectric sensor.
Illustratively, one or both of first comparator and time measurement module are by Field Programmable Logic Array reality
It is existing.
Illustratively, main measuring circuit includes energy measurement module, for the energy using initial signal measurement high-energy photon
Amount.
Illustratively, main measuring circuit includes dark current measurement module, for measuring photoelectric sensor using initial signal
The dark current detected.
Illustratively, main measuring circuit includes waveform measurement module, for carrying out waveform reconstruction and waveform to initial signal
Measurement.
The circuit structure of device according to an embodiment of the present invention for measuring photon information is simple, may be implemented to high energy
The arrival time of photon and the high-acruracy survey of other information.
A series of concept of simplification is introduced in summary of the invention, these concepts will be in the detailed description section into one
Step is described in detail.This part of the disclosure be not meant to attempt to limit technical solution claimed key feature and
Essential features do not mean that the protection scope for attempting to determine technical solution claimed more.
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the advantages of the present invention will be described in detail and feature.
Detailed description of the invention
Following drawings of the invention is incorporated herein as part of the present invention for the purpose of understanding the present invention.Shown in the drawings of this hair
Bright embodiment and its description, principle used to explain the present invention.In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 shows the schematic block diagram according to an exemplary improved photon survey front-end circuit；
Fig. 2 shows according to an embodiment of the invention for measuring the schematic block diagram of the device of photon information；
Fig. 3 shows the energy measurement that the device according to an embodiment of the invention utilized for measuring photon information obtains
As a result the relational graph between the peak value of the initial signal of photoelectric sensor output；
Fig. 4 shows the waveform diagram of the initial signal of photoelectric sensor output and the differential signal of derivative module output；
Fig. 5 shows according to an embodiment of the invention for measuring the schematic diagram of the device of photon information；
Fig. 6 shows according to an embodiment of the invention for measuring the signal of the device and photoelectric sensor of photon information
Figure；
Fig. 7 shows in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention for measuring the device of photon information and showing for photoelectric sensor
It is intended to；And
It is corresponding with photoelectric sensor that Fig. 8 shows the device according to an embodiment of the invention for measuring photon information
The schematic diagram of relationship.
Specific embodiment
In the following description, a large amount of details is provided so as to thoroughly understand the present invention.However, this field skill
Art personnel will be seen that, only relate to presently preferred embodiments of the present invention described below, and the present invention may not need one or more in this way
Details and be carried out.In addition, in order to avoid confusion with the present invention, not for some technical characteristics well known in the art
It is described.
As described above, in order to avoid the energy calculated by ADC sampling in routine techniques is by photoelectric sensor
The problem of influence of the initial time of the electric signal of output, proposes a kind of improved photon survey front-end circuit at present.Fig. 1 is shown
According to the schematic block diagram of an exemplary improved photon survey front-end circuit 100.It should be noted that shown in the accompanying drawings herein
Arrow direction is the transmission direction of signal, and is not necessarily the flow direction of signal.
As shown in Figure 1, improved photon survey front-end circuit 100 includes integration module 110, comparator 120, transmission control
Device 130, negative feedback module 140 and measurement module 150.
Integration module 110 is used to connect the output end of photoelectric sensor (not shown) and the output end of negative feedback module 140.
Integration module 110 can receive the initial signal from photoelectric sensor and the feedback signal from negative feedback module 140, to first
The difference of beginning signal and feedback signal is integrated and exports integrated signal.
The output end of the input terminal connection integration module 110 of comparator 120 and another input terminal of comparator 120
Access a reference level.Integrated signal can be compared with reference level and generate comparison signal by comparator 120.Example
Such as, when the voltage value of integrated signal is higher than reference level, comparator 120 can export high level, when the voltage of integrated signal
When value is equal to or less than reference level, comparator 120 can export low level.Therefore, in the comparison signal that comparator 120 exports
High level and low level two states can be only existed.
The output end of the input terminal connection comparator 120 of transmission control unit (TCU) 130.Transmission control unit (TCU) 130 can use clock
Signal controls the transmission of comparison signal with output digit signals.Wherein, in digital signal, the duration be equal to clock signal
The high level in period represents the first logic level, and in the digital signal, duration is equal to the low level in the period of clock signal
Represent the second logic level.In one example, the first logic level can be logic level " 1 ", and the second logic level can be with
It is logic level " 0 ", the then sequence that digital signal is made of logic level " 1 " and " 0 ".
The output end of the input terminal connection transmission control unit (TCU) 130 of negative feedback module 140, negative feedback module 140 can be by number
Word signal is converted to feedback signal and by feedback signal back to integration module 110.The feedback signal and initial signal
Flow direction is opposite.
It is appreciated that the integrated signal obtained at the beginning is smaller, comparison signal when validity event or clandestine or illicit action part occur
Low level state can be constantly in digital signal.When the voltage value of integrated signal is greater than reference level, in comparison signal
There is a high level.Then, it also will appear a high level in digital signal.Comparing letter when validity event can be occurred
Number or digital signal in arrival time of the time as high-energy photon for occurring of first high level.Effective thing as described herein
Part refers to high-energy photon (such as gamma photons etc.) caused by acting in the scintillation crystal being connected with photoelectric sensor in light
The event of current signal is generated in electric transducer, clandestine or illicit action part refers to caused by noise (usually thermoelectron) in photoelectric sensor
Generate the event of current signal.When validity event or clandestine or illicit action part occurs, photoelectric sensor can export a pulse current letter
Number (i.e. initial signal).The energy for the current signal that validity event generates is much larger than the energy for the current signal that clandestine or illicit action part generates,
The former is usually the tens to thousands of times of the latter.It therefore, can be with by the energy of the current signal of analysis photoelectric sensor output
Determine that the event occurred is validity event or clandestine or illicit action part.
Measurement module 150 can use the various information such as energy, the arrival time of digital signal measurement high-energy photon.
As described above, it is generated (when i.e. validity event occurs) when being applied on scintillation crystal by measuring high-energy photon
The time that preceding several optical photons occur, optimal temporal resolution can be obtained.According to improved photon survey front-end circuit
100 working principle, the reference level by setting comparator 120 can control first in comparison signal or digital signal
The charge for needing to accumulate in integration module 110 when a high level occurs.Accordingly, it is desirable to by the way that reference level is set
The voltage value energy of the integrated signal of integral acquisition is carried out in integration module 110 for the electric signal that equal to n optical photon generates
Enough obtain optimal temporal resolution.However, being likely difficult to obtain in this way due to two aspect factors described above
Ideal time resolution.
It should be appreciated that Fig. 1 and being given for example only property of associated description illustrate the structure of improved photon survey front-end circuit,
It does not indicate that device provided in an embodiment of the present invention is only applicable to photon survey front-end circuit shown in FIG. 1.The present invention is implemented
The device that example provides can be adapted for other photon survey front-end circuits for using similar structures and principle.
To solve the above problems, according to an aspect of the present invention, providing a kind of for measuring the device of photon information.Figure
2 show the schematic block diagram of the device 200 according to an embodiment of the invention for being used to measure photon information.
As shown in Fig. 2, device 200 includes time measuring circuit 210 and main measuring circuit 220.Time measuring circuit 210 wraps
Include conversion module 211, derivative module 212, first comparator 213 and time measurement module 214.Conversion module 211 is used for light
The initial signal of electric transducer output is converted to the conversion signal of voltage form.The input terminal of derivative module 212 connects modulus of conversion
The output end of block 211, derivative module 212 are used to carry out differential to conversion signal and export differential signal.First comparator 213
The output end of one input terminal connection derivative module 212 and another input terminal access the first reference electricity of first comparator 213
Flat, differential signal for being compared with the first reference level and generating the first comparison signal by first comparator 213.Time surveys
The output end of the input terminal connection first comparator 213 of module 214 is measured, time measurement module 214 is used to compare letter according to first
Arrival time of high-energy photon that number measurement photoelectric sensor detects.Main measuring circuit 220 is for receiving initial signal and benefit
Expectation measurement relevant to high-energy photon is carried out with initial signal.
Illustratively, it is expected that measurement may include the energy measurement of high-energy photon, dark current measurement, waveform measurement and photoelectricity
One or more of gain measurement of sensor.Optionally, it is expected that measurement may include the time measurement of high-energy photon.Also
It is to say, can use main measuring circuit 220 and time measuring circuit 210 while the arrival time for measuring high-energy photon.
Optionally, photoelectric sensor as described herein can be any suitable photoelectric sensor, such as SiPM, PMT, snow
Avalanche photo diode (APD) etc..In addition, photoelectric sensor as described herein can be sensor infinitesimal, sensor unit, sensing
Photoelectricity testing part under the various scales such as device array, and it is not limited to a complete standalone sensor.Those skilled in the art
Member, when positron annihilation occurs, can generate a pair of of gamma photons it is appreciated that in PET system.Scintillation crystal is by gamma
When the shock of photon, photoelectric sensor can export initial signal, which is usually pulsed current signal.Photoelectric sensor
The initial signal can be output to device 200, to obtain gamma photons by measuring the initial signal by device 200
Energy information, temporal information etc., and then obtain the information about positron annihilation events.
The initial signal that photoelectric sensor exports can be converted to voltage form by current forms by conversion module 211, with
Obtain conversion signal.Conversion signal can be input to subsequent derivative module 212 for differential.In one example, modulus of conversion
Block 211 can be realized by resistance.The resistance can be connected on the cathode or anode of photoelectric sensor (such as SiPM).It is optional
The current-limiting resistance usually configured in SiPM biasing circuit can be used as conversion module 211 in ground.
Derivative module 212 can carry out differential to the conversion signal that conversion module 211 exports and by differentiation result input the
One comparator 213.In one example, derivative module 212 may include differentiator.Illustratively, differentiator can be by including
The high-pass filter of capacitor and resistance is realized.In one example, derivative module 212 can only include differentiator.The differentiator
For carrying out differential to conversion signal and exporting above-mentioned differential signal.The realization circuit of this derivative module is fairly simple, micro-
In the case where the size meet demand for dividing the signal of device output, this implementation can be used.In another example, module of differentials
Block 212 can also include amplifying circuit, amplifying circuit input terminal connection differentiator output end, wherein differentiator for pair
Conversion signal carries out differential and exports primary differential signal；Amplifying circuit is for amplifying primary differential signal, to obtain
Differential signal.Differentiator output signal too it is small be unsatisfactory for demand in the case where, it is defeated to differentiator to can use amplifying circuit
Signal out amplifies, so that the size of amplified signal is sufficiently large, can be used for correct measurement high-energy photon
Arrival time.
The differential signal received can be compared with the first reference level and generate the first ratio by first comparator 213
Compared with signal.For example, first comparator 213 can export high level when the voltage value of differential signal is greater than the first reference level,
When the voltage value of differential signal is equal to or less than the first reference level, first comparator 213 can export low level.Therefore,
High level and low level two states can be only existed in the first comparison signal that first comparator 213 exports.In general, photoelectric transfer
The initial signal of sensor output is the pulsed current signal changed over time, and in this case, differential signal is also at any time
The signal of variation.Therefore, first comparator 213 export the first comparison signal be change over time and in high level and low level
The signal switched between two states.Illustratively, when differential signal is greater than the first reference level, first comparator 213 can
To export a pulse to time measurement module 214, which is the first comparison signal.
Illustratively, the first reference level can be greater than initial signal corresponding to certain number of clandestine or illicit action part via conversion
The voltage value of module 211 and derivative module 212 differential signal obtained after handling.For example, given number can be equal to 1.?
That is the first reference level can be set as initial signal corresponding to slightly larger than one clandestine or illicit action part via conversion module 211
The voltage value of the differential signal obtained after being handled with derivative module 212, to obtain optimal temporal resolution.Pass through this side
Formula can separate the signaling zone that validity event is generated with clandestine or illicit action part, the initial signal generated when occurring according only to validity event
Arrival time is measured, erroneous judgement caused by noise is avoided.First comparator 213 can be real by field programmable gate array (FPGA)
Existing, input terminal can be a pair of of Low Voltage Differential Signal (LVDS) input pin of FPGA.
The first comparison signal that time measurement module 214 can export first comparator 213 measures, such as measures
The time of occurrence of the rising edge (or failing edge) of first comparison signal.The time of occurrence of the rising edge (or failing edge) can be used for
Characterize the arrival time of high-energy photon.Time measurement module 214 can be and any suitable can be surveyed according to the first comparison signal
Measure hardware, software and/or the firmware, such as time-to-digit converter (TDC) etc. of arrival time.For example, FPGA number can be used
The clock of type families system directly records the time of occurrence of rising edge (or failing edge), or uses high-precision simulation TDC or number
TDC (such as digital TDC based on FPGA delay line) the Lai Jinhang time measures.
Device for measuring photon information has the advantages that
(1), hardware cost is low.It, (can be with by increasing conversion module on the basis of improved photon survey front-end circuit
Realized using resistance), derivative module (can use the high-pass filter that resistance and capacitor are constituted to realize), first comparator and when
Between measurement module can be obtained device according to an embodiment of the present invention, circuit structure is fairly simple, it is easy to accomplish.In addition, when
Between measurement module can be realized in FPGA together with main measurement module, to further save hardware cost.
(2), measurement otherwise to energy, gain etc. does not have any impact.Time measuring circuit processing is electricity
Signal is pressed, and the processing of main measuring circuit is current signal, the two is not interfere with each other.Therefore, time measurement is to main measuring circuit
Other measurement operations such as energy measurement do not have any impact, and will not influence the precision of other measurement operations.Fig. 3 is shown according to this
The energy measurements and photoelectric sensor output that the device utilized for measuring photon information of invention one embodiment obtains
Initial signal peak value between relational graph.In Fig. 3, the unit " au " of the energy measurements in ordinate indicates any
Unit, the unit " au " are commonly used in without the measured value by calibration.As seen from Figure 3, using for measuring photon information
The energy measurements that device obtains are able to maintain the extraordinary linearity.
(3), high-precision time measurement.Fig. 4 show photoelectric sensor output initial signal and derivative module output
The waveform diagram of differential signal.In Fig. 4, waveform 410 indicates that the waveform of initial signal, waveform 420 indicate differential signal
Waveform.From fig. 4, it can be seen that derivative module extracts the radio-frequency component in initial signal, so that the pulse front edge of differential signal is (under it is
Drop edge) slope much larger than initial signal pulse front edge (it is failing edge) slope.It can use the decline of differential signal
The time of occurrence on edge characterizes arrival time of high-energy photon.Initial signal can be sensitively captured in time using differential signal
In pulse formation, can also be timely detected the generation of validity event or clandestine or illicit action part.In addition, derivative module has very
The ability of strong inhibition baseline drift.Therefore, based on differential signal rather than the pulse of initial signal along measurement arrival time side
Formula can obtain higher measurement accuracy.
The device provided according to embodiments of the present invention, due to what is obtained based on the initial signal exported according to photoelectric sensor
Differential signal measures arrival time of high-energy photon, thus can to avoid present in improved photon survey front-end circuit by
The problem that time measurement may be inaccurate caused by the waveform overlapping and baseline drift of initial signal.Implement according to the present invention
The circuit structure of the device of example is simple, and the arrival time to high-energy photon and the high-acruracy survey of other information may be implemented.
According to embodiments of the present invention, main measuring circuit may include integration module, the second comparator, transmission control unit (TCU), bear
Feedback module and main measurement module.Referring back to Fig. 2, showing main measuring circuit 220 includes integration module 221, the second comparator
222, transmission control unit (TCU) 223, negative feedback module 224 and main measurement module 225.
Integration module 221 connects the output end of negative feedback module 224, and integration module 221 is for receiving initial signal and coming
From the feedback signal of negative feedback module 224, and the difference of initial signal and feedback signal is integrated and exports integrated signal.
Main measuring circuit 220 is the circuit for including negative feedback links, and feedback signal is input into integration module 221.Meanwhile
Integration module 221 also receives the initial signal of photoelectric sensor output.Initial signal and feedback signal are current signal, they
Flow direction be opposite.For example, feedback signal can be set if initial signal is flowed out from integration module 221
It is set to from negative feedback module 224 and flows to integration module 221.Therefore, it for integration module 221, actually finally enters
It is the difference between initial signal and feedback signal, integration module 221 can integrate the difference.Integration module 221 can adopt
It is realized with analog integrator circuit, such as is realized by the circuit that the components such as resistance, capacitor, operational amplifier form.
Second comparator 222 an input terminal connection integration module 221 output end and the second comparator 222 it is another
One input terminal accesses the second reference level, and the second comparator 222 is for integrated signal to be compared simultaneously with the second reference level
Generate the second comparison signal.
For example, the second comparator 222 can export high electricity when the voltage value of integrated signal is higher than the second reference level
Flat, when the voltage value of integrated signal is equal to or less than the second reference level, the second comparator 222 can export low level.Cause
This, can only exist high level and low level two states in the comparison signal of the second comparator 222 output.That is, the
The comparison signal of two comparators 222 output, which can be, to be changed over time and switches between high level and low level two states
Signal.Optionally, the second reference level can be ground level.Second reference level can have any suitable voltage value.The
Two reference levels are that the implementation of ground level is simpler, and the measurement result finally obtained is more accurate.
The input terminal of transmission control unit (TCU) 223 connects the output end of the second comparator 222, and transmission control unit (TCU) 223 is for utilizing
Clock signal controls the transmission of the second comparison signal with output digit signals, wherein in digital signal, the duration is when being equal to
The high level in the period of clock signal represents the first logic level, and in the digital signal, duration is equal to the period of clock signal
Low level represent the second logic level.
Second comparison signal can be the signal for changing over time and switching between high level and low level two states.
In comparison signal, high level and low level duration may be real-time change, can not determine.It therefore, can be with
Temporal quantization is carried out to the second comparison signal by transmission control unit (TCU) 223, so that every section of continuous high level or low level
Duration be all clock signal period integral multiple.It is this it is temporal quantization be equivalent in analog-digital conversion process when
Between discretization therefore from functionality, both the second comparator 222 and transmission control unit (TCU) 223 can be regarded as one
1 ADC.In the digital signal that transmission control unit (TCU) 223 exports, the duration is equal to the high level generation in the period of clock signal
The first logic level of table, the low level that the duration is equal to the period of clock signal represent the second logic level.In an example
In, the first logic level can be logic level " 1 ", and the second logic level can be logic level " 0 ", then digital signal be by
The sequence of logic level " 1 " and " 0 " composition.Assuming that the frequency of clock signal is 100Hz, i.e. the period is 0.01s, then believes in number
In number, the duration of single " 1 " or " 0 " is 0.01s.Further it will be understood that when multiple " 1 " or multiple " 0 " continuously go out
Now, the duration of multiple " 1 " or multiple " 0 " is the integral multiple of 0.01s.Transmission control unit (TCU) 223 can be register or
The switching circuit etc. of subject clock signal control.
The output end of the input terminal connection transmission control unit (TCU) 223 of negative feedback module 224, negative feedback module 224 will be for that will count
Word signal is converted to feedback signal and by feedback signal back to integration module 221.Negative feedback module 224 may include digital-to-analogue
Converter (DAC), for carrying out digital-to-analogue conversion to digital signal to be converted into analog signal.Specifically, which can be
1 DAC is converted to analog signal with the sequence being made of " 1 " and " 0 " for exporting transmission control unit (TCU) 223, such as is converted to
The voltage signal that amplitude changes over time.Negative feedback module 224, which may further include current output circuit, (may be regarded as one
" controlled current source "), such as the current output circuit being made of a resistance.DAC is connected to integral via current output circuit
The input terminal of module 221.Current output circuit is based on above-mentioned voltage signal and generates a current signal, i.e. feedback signal.It is described
DAC and current output circuit simply can also realize that the digital signal that transmission control unit (TCU) 223 is exported is one by a resistance
Kind voltage signal can be exchanged into current signal, i.e. feedback signal by the resistance.The feedback signal and initial signal side
To can be avoided on the contrary, itself and cumulative function of the initial signal in integration module 221 offset each other, 221 institute of integration module is defeated
Integrated signal out is excessive, is stablized with holding circuit.Optionally, negative feedback module 224 connects main measurement module 225.Main measurement
Module 225 can be further used for adjusting the amplitude for the feedback signal that negative feedback module 224 exports.
Due to the positive and negative cancellation of the cumulative function of feedback signal and initial signal in integration module 221, so ought initially believe
Number pulse duration be over and the amplitude stabilization of feedback signal (is directed to the negative feedback of initial signal zero
Stop) when, the accumulated value for the feedback signal that initial signal causes can be regarded as the accumulated value of initial signal.Again due to instead
The accumulated value of feedback signal is directly proportional to the number of " 1 " in digital signal.Therefore, it can use digital signal to calculate high-energy photon
Energy.It is of course also possible to calculate the energy of high-energy photon using the second comparison signal of the second comparator 222 output, only
Circuit identical with transmission control unit (TCU) 223 need to be added in subsequent main measurement module 225.It should be noted that feedback signal is unsuitable
It is excessive or too small.The excessive counteracting excessive velocities that will lead to initial signal of feedback signal, so that the error that digital signal includes increases
Greatly, measurement accuracy is influenced.On the contrary, the too small counteracting speed that will lead to initial signal of feedback signal is excessively slow, so that can not subtract in time
The value of small integrated signal also will affect measurement accuracy to cause saturation distortion.The amplitude of feedback signal can be according to practical need
It determines, the present invention limits not to this.
The output end of the input terminal connection transmission control unit (TCU) 224 of main measurement module 225, main measurement module 225 are used for basis
Digital signal carries out expectation measurement.
In addition to energy measurement, main measurement module 225 can also carry out other expectation measurements according to digital signal, such as above
The dark current measurement, waveform measurement, gain measurement etc., it might even be possible to the arrival time for measuring high-energy photon, be used for and when
Between the measurement result of measurement module compareed or calibrated.
The circuit structure of the main measuring circuit provided according to embodiments of the present invention is simple, can not use or less use is put
The active devices such as big device, ADC.Therefore, such main measuring circuit is low in cost, low in energy consumption.
According to embodiments of the present invention, first comparator, time measurement module, the second comparator, transmission control unit (TCU) and main survey
One or more of amount module can be realized by FPGA.In addition, can be in different FPGA by the FPGA module realized or device
Or it is realized in same FPGA.
Fig. 5 shows according to an embodiment of the invention for measuring the schematic diagram of the device of photon information.It is described herein
Initial signal can come from one or more photoelectric sensors.Fig. 5 shows that multiple photoelectric sensors are shared including one
The case where time measuring circuit and the device of a main measuring circuit.
Illustratively, time measuring circuit can be a time measuring circuit, and main measuring circuit may include and one
Or the one-to-one one or more main measuring circuits of multiple photoelectric sensors.Fig. 6 shows according to an embodiment of the invention
For measuring the device of photon information and the schematic diagram of photoelectric sensor.As shown in fig. 6, multiple SiPM can be respectively provided with respectively
Main measuring circuit, while a time measuring circuit can be shared.Device for measuring photon information can be wrapped further
Include composite measurement module, the output end of the one or more main measuring circuits of input terminal connection of composite measurement module and time measurement
The output end of circuit, composite measurement module can be used for true according to the expectation measuring signal of one or more main measuring circuit outputs
Which photoelectric sensor the time measurement signal of measuring circuit of fixing time output comes from, that is, confirmly detects the specific of high-energy photon
Photoelectric sensor, and time measurement signal is associated with specific photoelectric sensor.This method can reduce the number in channel
Amount reduces system cost.For example, by the array detection being made of 64 SiPM to photon survey result independently read
In the case where, need 64 main measuring circuits and 64 time measuring circuits.And according to the present embodiment, need 64 main measurement electricity
Road and 1 time measuring circuit.
Explained later time measurement signal and desired measuring signal.As described above, time measuring circuit is for measuring height
The temporal information that measurement obtains can be exported in electrical signal form, be used herein by the arrival time of energy photon, time measuring circuit
Time measurement signal come indicate time measuring circuit output signal.Similarly, the letter that main measuring circuit can obtain measurement
Breath exports in electrical signal form, indicates the signal of main measuring circuit output with desired measuring signal herein.For example, in main measurement
In the case that circuit includes energy measurement module, it is expected that measuring signal may include energy measurement signal, in main measuring circuit packet
In the case where including dark current measurement module, it is expected that measuring signal may include dark current measuring signal, include in main measuring circuit
In the case where waveform measurement module, it is expected that measuring signal may include waveform measurement signal.
Illustratively, main measuring circuit can be a main measuring circuit, time measuring circuit may include with one or
Multiple photoelectric sensors one or more time measuring circuits correspondingly.Fig. 7 is shown according to a further embodiment of the invention
For measure photon information device and photoelectric sensor schematic diagram.As shown in fig. 7, multiple SiPM can be respectively provided with respectively
From time measuring circuit, while a main measuring circuit can be shared.Device for measuring photon information can be further
Including composite measurement module, the input terminal of composite measurement module connects the output end of main measuring circuit and one or more times survey
Measure the output end of circuit, the time measurement letter that composite measurement module can be used for exporting according to one or more time measuring circuits
It number determines which photoelectric sensor is the expectation measuring signal of main measuring circuit output come from, that is, confirmly detects the spy of high-energy photon
Determine photoelectric sensor, and desired measuring signal is associated with specific photoelectric sensor.This method can equally reduce logical
The quantity in road reduces system cost.For example, the array detection that will be made of 64 SiPM to photon survey result difference it is only
In the case where vertical reading, 64 main measuring circuits and 64 time measuring circuits are needed.And according to the present embodiment, need 1 master
Measuring circuit and 64 time measuring circuits.
Main measuring circuit and the quantity of time measuring circuit can also be further reduced.Illustratively, time measuring circuit
May include and a line or multirow measurement of one or more times correspondingly in the array of multiple photoelectric sensors composition
Circuit, main measuring circuit may include and the one-to-one one or more main measurement electricity of one or more columns per page in the array
Road, the device for measuring photon information may further include composite measurement module, the input terminal connection of composite measurement module
The output end of the output end of one or more main measuring circuits and one or more time measuring circuits, composite measurement module are used for
According to the time of the expectation measuring signal of one or more main measuring circuit outputs and one or more time measuring circuit outputs
Measuring signal confirmly detects the specific photoelectric sensor of high-energy photon and by desired measuring signal and time measurement signal and special
It is associated to determine photoelectric sensor.
It is corresponding with photoelectric sensor that Fig. 8 shows the device according to an embodiment of the invention for measuring photon information
The schematic diagram of relationship.As shown in figure 8, being divided into 8 rows and 8 column, wherein the 8 of each column in the array of 64 SiPM composition
SiPM shares a main measuring circuit, and 8 SiPM of every row share a time measuring circuit.If using knot shown in Fig. 8
Structure, it is only necessary to which 8 main measuring circuits and 8 time measuring circuits are the letter that can measure the high-energy photon that 64 SiPM are detected
Breath.
In the example depicted in fig. 8, composite measurement module can be according to 8 main measuring circuits and 8 time measuring circuits
The signal measured judges which SiPM detects high-energy photon.For example, working as the first row first row (being marked in fig. 8 with circle)
SiPM when detecting high-energy photon, main measuring circuit 1 exports energy measurement signal, and time measuring circuit 1 exports time measurement
Signal, main measuring circuit 2~8 and time measuring circuit 2~8 not output signal.According to this feature, composite measurement module can be with
Judge that the SiPM of the first row first row detects high-energy photon.For another example when the second row secondary series (uses triangle in fig. 8
Mark) SiPM when detecting high-energy photon, main measuring circuit 2 exports energy measurement signal, and time measuring circuit 2 exports the time
Measuring signal, main measuring circuit 1 and 3~8 and time measuring circuit 1 and 3~8 not output signal.It is comprehensive according to this feature
Measurement module may determine that the SiPM of the second row secondary series detects high-energy photon.
It should be appreciated that Fig. 5 is only exemplary rather than limitation to schematic device shown in Fig. 8 or corresponding relationship, for surveying
The device of amount photon information also can have other suitable circuit structures.For example, multiple photoelectric sensors can not only be shared
Individual time measuring circuit or individually main measuring circuit, can also only share partial circuit in time measuring circuit with/
Or the partial circuit in main measuring circuit.Further, the part electricity in time measuring circuit is shared in multiple photoelectric sensors
In the case where partial circuit in road and/or main measuring circuit, multiple photoelectric sensors can respectively have for measuring photon
The remainder circuit of the device of information.
Optionally, main measuring circuit may include in energy measurement module, dark current measurement module and waveform measurement module
One or more.In one example, main measuring circuit includes energy measurement module, for measuring high energy using initial signal
The energy of photon.In another example, main measuring circuit includes dark current measurement module, for measuring light using initial signal
The dark current that electric transducer detects.In yet another example, main measuring circuit includes waveform measurement module, for initial letter
Number carry out waveform reconstruction and waveform measurement.
Further, one or more of energy measurement measurement module, dark current measurement module and waveform measurement module
It may include in main measurement module described above.
For example, main measurement module may include energy measurement module.Energy measurement module may be coupled to main measuring circuit
In transmission control unit (TCU) output end and using digital signal measurement high-energy photon energy.Believe in digital signal comprising energy
Breath, the energy information can reflect the energy size of high-energy photon detected by photoelectric sensor.Energy measurement module passes through
Certain operations (as summed) is carried out to digital signal, can calculate or deduce the energy size of high-energy photon.It is understood that
, energy measurement module can obtain the relative value of the energy of high-energy photon by digital signal, which can represent
The explicit value of the energy of high-energy photon.In addition, energy measurement module may include circuit identical with transmission control unit (TCU), and should
After the circuit handles the second comparison signal, output and number are believed to the output end of the second comparator for circuit connection
Number identical signal, energy measurement module recycle the energy of the signal measurement high-energy photon, calculating process and directly utilization
The process that digital signal is calculated is identical, repeats no more.
Optionally, energy measurement module may include counter (not shown), for by carrying out to the first logic level
It counts and to carry out energy measurement to high-energy photon.That is, energy can be carried out by adding up the number of " 1 " in digital signal
Measurement.Optionally, energy measurement module may include adder (not shown), for by asking the first logic level
With come to high-energy photon carry out energy measurement.That is, can directly be added " 1 " in digital signal, will finally obtain
Energy size of the sum as high-energy photon.The side of energy measurement is carried out by the way that the first logic level is counted or summed
Method is simple and fast, high-efficient.
Main measurement module may include dark current measurement module.As energy measurement module class, dark current measurement module
It can connect the output end of the second comparator or transmission control unit (TCU), to carry out dark current using the second comparison signal or digital signal
Measurement.For example, dark current measurement module can carry out dark electricity by carrying out operation to the digital signal from transmission control unit (TCU)
Flow measurement.For example, can be come by the number of " 1 " of the calculating when validity event does not occur in the unit time in digital signal
Calculate the size of dark current.The size of dark current is proportional in the unit time number of " 1 " in digital signal.
Main measurement module may include waveform measurement module.Similarly with energy measurement module and dark current measurement module,
Waveform measurement module can connect the output end of the second comparator or transmission control unit (TCU), to utilize the second comparison signal or number letter
Number waveform reconstruction and waveform measurement are carried out to initial signal.For example, waveform measurement module can pass through the side of digital low-pass filtering
Method to carry out waveform reconstruction to initial signal.In some applications, the waveform of reconstruction can be used to implement advanced measurement.
In addition, main measuring circuit may include the circuit module for carrying out gain measurement and/or time measurement.
The implementation method illustrated the present invention above using FPGA.It should be noted that FPGA is not of the invention
Required implementation.The number that the functional module of the present invention realized using FPGA can also be made up of discrete component is electric
Road is realized, such as passes through digital signal processor (DSP), Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD), micro-control unit (MCU)
Or central processing unit (CPU) etc. is realized.
Although principles and applications are described by taking SiPM as an example herein, it should be understood that, the present invention is simultaneously
It is not limited to this.Device provided by the present invention for measuring photon information can also be applied to PMT or any other is suitable
Photoelectric sensor.
The present invention has been explained by the above embodiments, but it is to be understood that, above-described embodiment is only intended to
The purpose of citing and explanation, is not intended to limit the invention to the scope of the described embodiments.Furthermore those skilled in the art
It is understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, introduction according to the present invention can also be made more kinds of member
Variants and modifications, all fall within the scope of the claimed invention for these variants and modifications.Protection scope of the present invention by
The appended claims and its equivalent scope are defined.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of for measuring the device of photon information, including main measuring circuit and time measuring circuit, the time measurement electricity
Road includes:
Conversion module, the initial signal for exporting photoelectric sensor are converted to the conversion signal of voltage form；
Derivative module, the input terminal of the derivative module connect the output end of the conversion module, the derivative module for pair
The conversion signal carries out differential and exports differential signal；
One input terminal of first comparator, the first comparator connects the output end and described first of the derivative module
Another input terminal of comparator accesses the first reference level, and the first comparator is used for the differential signal and described first
Reference level is compared and generates the first comparison signal；And
The input terminal of time measurement module, the time measurement module connects the output end of the first comparator, the time
Measurement module is used to measure the arrival time for the high-energy photon that the photoelectric sensor detects according to first comparison signal；
The main measuring circuit is for receiving the initial signal and being carried out and the high-energy photon phase using the initial signal
The expectation of pass measures；
Wherein, the main measuring circuit includes integration module, the second comparator, transmission control unit (TCU), negative feedback module and main measurement
Module, wherein
The integration module connects the output end of the negative feedback module, the integration module for receive the initial signal and
Feedback signal from the negative feedback module, and to the difference of the initial signal and the feedback signal carry out integral and it is defeated
Integrated signal out；
One input terminal of second comparator connects the another of the output end of the integration module and second comparator
One input terminal accesses the second reference level, second comparator be used for by the integrated signal and second reference level into
It goes relatively and generates the second comparison signal；
The input terminal of the transmission control unit (TCU) connects the output end of second comparator, and the transmission control unit (TCU) is for when utilizing
Clock signal controls the transmission of second comparison signal with output digit signals, wherein in the digital signal, the duration
High level equal to the period of the clock signal represents the first logic level, and in the digital signal, duration is equal to
The low level in the period of the clock signal represents the second logic level；
The input terminal of the negative feedback module connects the output end of the transmission control unit (TCU), and the negative feedback module is used for will be described
Digital signal is converted to the feedback signal and by the feedback signal back to the integration module；
The input terminal of the main measurement module connects the output end of the transmission control unit (TCU), and the main measurement module is used for according to institute
It states digital signal and carries out the expectation measurement.
2. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first reference level is greater than certain number of clandestine or illicit action part
Corresponding initial signal via differential signal obtained after the conversion module and derivative module processing voltage value.
3. the apparatus of claim 2, which is characterized in that the given number is equal to 1.
4. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the main measuring circuit is a main measuring circuit, described
Time measuring circuit includes and one or more photoelectric sensors one or more time measuring circuits correspondingly.
5. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the time measuring circuit is a time measuring circuit,
The main measuring circuit includes and the one-to-one one or more main measuring circuits of one or more photoelectric sensors.
6. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the time measuring circuit includes and multiple photoelectric sensors
A line or multirow in the array of composition one or more time measuring circuits correspondingly, the main measuring circuit include with
The one-to-one one or more main measuring circuits of one or more columns per page in the array, described device further comprises comprehensive survey
Measure module, the input terminal of the composite measurement module connects the output end of one or more of main measuring circuits and one
Or the output end of multiple time measuring circuits,
The composite measurement module is used for according to the expectation measuring signal of one or more of main measuring circuits outputs and described
The time measurement signal of one or more time measuring circuit outputs confirmly detects the specific photoelectric sensor of high-energy photon simultaneously
The expectation measuring signal and the time measurement signal is associated with the specific photoelectric sensor.
7. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the first comparator and the time measurement module
One or both is realized by Field Programmable Logic Array.
8. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the main measuring circuit includes energy measurement module, is used for
The energy of the high-energy photon is measured using the initial signal.
9. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the main measuring circuit includes dark current measurement module, is used
In measuring the dark current that the photoelectric sensor detects using the initial signal.
10. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the main measuring circuit includes waveform measurement module, is used for
Waveform reconstruction and waveform measurement are carried out to the initial signal.
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| CN201710727991.7A CN107450092B (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2017-08-23 | For measuring the device of photon information |
| PCT/CN2018/101550 WO2019037719A1 (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2018-08-21 | Apparatus for measuring photon information |
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| CN201710727991.7A CN107450092B (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2017-08-23 | For measuring the device of photon information |
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| CN107450092B (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2019-07-26 | 中派科技（深圳）有限责任公司 | For measuring the device of photon information |
| CN109459783B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2023-04-11 | 中派科技（深圳）有限责任公司 | PET device, multilayer crystal PET detector, electronic readout module and method thereof |
| CN109283569B (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2022-05-17 | 中派科技（深圳）有限责任公司 | Apparatus for measuring photon information and photon measuring device |
| CN111669182B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2023-11-03 | 苏州瑞迈斯科技有限公司 | Signal sampling device, system and method |
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