CN105547470A - Self-cancellation single photon detection system - Google Patents
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- CN105547470A CN105547470A CN201510897043.9A CN201510897043A CN105547470A CN 105547470 A CN105547470 A CN 105547470A CN 201510897043 A CN201510897043 A CN 201510897043A CN 105547470 A CN105547470 A CN 105547470A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000009123 feedback regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003412 degenerative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008844 regulatory mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
- G01J2001/4413—Type
- G01J2001/442—Single-photon detection or photon counting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
- G01J2001/4446—Type of detector
- G01J2001/446—Photodiode
- G01J2001/4466—Avalanche
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and discloses a self-cancellation single photon detection system. The system comprises a mixer, an avalanche photodiode APD, a trans-impedance amplifier TIA, a sample resistor R and a comparator. A negative electrode of the avalanche photodiode APD is connected with a direct-current bias VD, and a positive electrode is grounded through the sample resistor; a positive electrode of the avalanche photodiode APD is connected with an input end of the trans-impedance amplifier TIA; an output end of the trans-impedance amplifier TIA is connected with a negative electrode of the avalanche photodiode APD and the comparator respectively; a single photon signal to be tested and a local oscillator light signal are mixed by the mixer, then an optical signal is output, and the optical signal is sent to a light input end of the avalanche photodiode APD; an output signal of the trans-impedance amplifier TIA feeds back and adjusts the voltage across two ends of the avalanche photodiode APD; and the comparator counts the pulse of the single photon. The self-cancellation single photon detection system provided by the invention is high efficiency, convenient and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication technical field, particularly a kind of self-quenching single-photon detection system.
Background technology
Single-photon detecting survey technology is one of many technology of hypersensitive optical signal detecting, has apply very widely at the subjects such as physics, chemistry, biology and engineer applied field.In recent years, along with the rise of quantum sciences and the development of hypersensitive spectroscopy, single-photon detector technology plays more and more important effect wherein.
The method of current single-photon detection system mainly contains two kinds: sinusoidal gate-control low-pass method and difference method.Sinusoidal gate-control low-pass method utilizes the characteristic that sinusoidal gate-control signal frequency is single, be convenient to filtering, and utilize the method elimination gate-control signal of multistage RC filtering, obtain single photon signal, method is simple.Difference method utilizes the autocorrelation of spike noise, and APD photocurrent is out divided into two-way, wherein a road time delay one-period, and two-way response signal is subtracted each other, thus offsets spike noise.
But, in sinusoidal gate-control low-pass method, while filtering noise, not only destroy the integrality of avalanche signal, too increase the additional circuit noise of single-photon detector.In difference method, in equilibrium process, avalanche signal also divide into two-way, reduces snowslide amplitude, is unfavorable for the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) improving detector.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of self-quenching single-photon detection system, solve snowslide signal integrity in prior art and suffer destruction, extra circuits noise, the reduction of snowslide amplitude causes the technical matters that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is low, gain is not enough, circuit is complicated.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of self-quenching single-photon detection system, comprising: frequency mixer, avalanche photodide APD, trans-impedance amplifier TIA, sample resistance R and comparer;
The negative pole of described avalanche photodide APD connects direct current (DC) bias VD, and positive pole is by described sample resistance R ground connection; The positive pole of described avalanche photodide APD is connected with described trans-impedance amplifier TIA input end; Described trans-impedance amplifier TIA signal output part is connected with the negative pole of described avalanche photodide APD and described comparer respectively;
Wherein, single photon signal to be checked and local oscillator light signal are via output optical signal after described frequency mixer mixing, and described light signal sends to the light input end of described avalanche photodide APD;
The output signal feedback regulation avalanche photodide APD both end voltage of described trans-impedance amplifier TIA;
Described comparer tally sheet photon pulse.
Further, described local oscillator light signal enters described frequency mixer after decay.
Further, described self-quenching single-photon detection system also comprises: adjustable attenuator;
Described adjustable attenuator is connected with described mixer input;
Wherein, described local oscillator light signal is by entering described frequency mixer after described adjustable attenuator decay.
Described direct current (DC) bias VD is greater than the avalanche threshold voltage of described avalanche photodide APD further;
When there being light incidence, there is snowslide in described avalanche photodide APD.
Further, described avalanche photodide APD is entered into after described local oscillator light signal and described single photon signal mixing to be checked;
The photocurrent that described avalanche photodide APD produces amplifies through snowslide and becomes sinusoidal current, produces sine voltage signal through sample resistance R;
Described sine voltage signal amplifies through described trans-impedance amplifier TIA, and avalanche photodide APD two ends direct current (DC) bias described in feedback regulation;
The output signal of described trans-impedance amplifier TIA counts via described comparer.
The one or more technical schemes provided in the embodiment of the present application, at least have following technique effect or advantage:
1, the self-quenching single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, reforms the method only detecting single photon signal in traditional single photon detection scheme, becomes the local oscillator light signal that detection single photon signal and laser instrument simultaneously provide; Incide the APD being in Geiger mode angular position digitizer after single photon signal and the mixing of local oscillator light signal in system schema, the avalanche current of generation is the photocurrent after mixing, and the photocurrent super large width of comparing traditional increases; Relative in prior art, require that APD gain amplifier is more than 106, require higher to APD, need APD long-term work under very high gain, need the situation of specific customization APD; The embodiment of the present application reduces APD gain requirements, greatly can reduce the cost of APD.
2, the self-quenching single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, reduces APD gain requirements, and APD operating voltage reduces, and can effectively reduce dark counting and the bit error rate, improves photon counting reliability.
3, the self-quenching single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, adopts degenerative mode to realize self-quenching, the noise that system can avoid gate-control signal to bring and crosstalk, and circuit structure is simple.
4, the self-quenching single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, trans-impedance amplifier TIA selects high speed device, can realize self-quenching fast, and system can be applicable to high-speed single photon detection system.
5, the self-quenching single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, produces sine-wave oscillation signal after local oscillator light and single photon signal mixing, is enlarged into sinusoidal current signal through APD snowslide, produces sine voltage signal through sample resistance R; APD both end voltage is fixing DC bias signal and sine voltage signal difference, under Geiger mode angular position digitizer, the faint change of APD both end voltage greatly can affect the interior lights current gain change that APD provides, sinusoidal voltage is got back to APD negative feedback through TIA trans-impedance amplifier and is regulated APD both end voltage, thus realizes self-quenching; This system does not need external gate-control signal, effectively avoids noise and follow-up filtering circuit that gate-control signal brings, enormously simplify circuit system structure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation of the self-quenching single-photon detection system that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present application is by providing a kind of self-quenching single-photon detection system, and solve snowslide signal integrity in prior art and suffer destruction, extra circuits noise, the reduction of snowslide amplitude causes the technical matters that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is low, gain is not enough, circuit is complicated; Reach lifting gain, simplify the technique effect of circuit.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the embodiment of the present application provides the general thought of technical scheme as follows:
A kind of self-quenching single-photon detection system, comprising: frequency mixer, avalanche photodide APD, trans-impedance amplifier TIA, sample resistance R and comparer;
The negative pole of described avalanche photodide APD connects direct current (DC) bias VD, and positive pole is by described sample resistance R ground connection; The positive pole of described avalanche photodide APD is connected with described trans-impedance amplifier TIA input end; Described trans-impedance amplifier TIA signal output part is connected with the negative pole of described avalanche photodide APD and described comparer respectively;
Wherein, single photon signal to be checked and local oscillator light signal are via output optical signal after described frequency mixer mixing, and described light signal sends to the light input end of described avalanche photodide APD;
The output signal feedback regulation avalanche photodide APD both end voltage of described trans-impedance amplifier TIA;
Described comparer tally sheet photon pulse.
Can be found out by foregoing, adopt degenerative mode to realize self-quenching, the noise that system can avoid gate-control signal to bring and crosstalk, and circuit structure is simple.Produce sine-wave oscillation signal after local oscillator light and single photon signal mixing, be enlarged into sinusoidal current signal through APD snowslide, produce sine voltage signal through sample resistance R.APD both end voltage is fixing DC bias signal and sine voltage signal difference, under Geiger mode angular position digitizer, the faint change of APD both end voltage greatly can affect the interior lights current gain change that APD provides, sinusoidal voltage is got back to APD negative feedback through TIA trans-impedance amplifier and is regulated APD both end voltage, thus realizes self-quenching.This system does not need external gate-control signal, effectively avoids noise and follow-up filtering circuit that gate-control signal brings, enormously simplify circuit system structure.
In order to better understand technique scheme, below in conjunction with Figure of description and concrete embodiment, technique scheme is described in detail, the specific features being to be understood that in the embodiment of the present invention and embodiment is the detailed description to technical scheme, instead of the restriction to technical scheme, when not conflicting, the technical characteristic in the embodiment of the present application and embodiment can combine mutually.
See Fig. 1, a kind of self-quenching single-photon detection system that the embodiment of the present invention provides, comprising: frequency mixer Mixer, avalanche photodide APD, trans-impedance amplifier TIA, sample resistance R and comparer;
The negative pole of described avalanche photodide APD connects direct current (DC) bias VD, and positive pole is by described sample resistance R ground connection; The positive pole of described avalanche photodide APD is connected with described trans-impedance amplifier TIA input end; Described trans-impedance amplifier TIA signal output part is connected with the negative pole of described avalanche photodide APD and described comparer respectively;
Wherein, single photon signal to be checked and local oscillator light signal are via output optical signal after described frequency mixer mixing, and described light signal sends to the light input end of described avalanche photodide APD; The output signal feedback regulation avalanche photodide APD both end voltage of described trans-impedance amplifier TIA; Described comparer tally sheet photon pulse.
Described local oscillator light signal enters described frequency mixer Mixer after decay, exports sine-wave oscillation flashlight signal after carrying out mixing.
Self-quenching single-photon detection system also comprises: adjustable attenuator; Adjustable attenuator is connected with described mixer input; Wherein, described local oscillator light signal is by entering described frequency mixer after described adjustable attenuator decay.
Direct current (DC) bias VD is greater than the avalanche threshold voltage of described avalanche photodide APD; When there being light incidence, there is snowslide in described avalanche photodide APD.
Described avalanche photodide APD is entered into after local oscillator light signal and described single photon signal mixing to be checked; The photocurrent that avalanche photodide APD produces amplifies through snowslide and becomes sinusoidal current, produces sine voltage signal through sample resistance R; Sine voltage signal amplifies through described trans-impedance amplifier TIA, and avalanche photodide APD two ends direct current (DC) bias described in feedback regulation; The output signal of trans-impedance amplifier TIA counts via described comparer.
By the internal gain of APD, with the acting in conjunction of local oscillator light, the gain requirements of single-photon detection system to APD can be reduced; And by feed-back regulatory mechanism and difference frequency signal acting in conjunction, the snowslide self-quenching of APD can be realized.
The invention provides a kind of novel self-quenching single-photon detection system, for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, proposing a kind of for solving detector gain deficiency, the system scheme of the problems such as gating circuit is complicated.Light signal after the method utilizes detection local oscillator light and single photon signal to carry out mixing, can utilize the internal gain of APD and the acting in conjunction of local oscillator light to realize signal and amplify, reduce, significantly reduce the cost of APD in single-photon detector to APD gain requirements; Further, mixed frequency signal is comparatively larger than single photon signal amplitude, can greatly improve single photon counting rate by detection mixed frequency signal.The program comprises: frequency mixer, avalanche photodide APD, trans-impedance amplifier TIA and sample resistance R.Local oscillator light signal incides frequency mixer by adjustable attenuator 1 and single photon signal; Described frequency mixer is connected with the light input end of avalanche photodide APD; Described avalanche photodide APD negative pole is connected with direct current (DC) bias VD; Described avalanche photodide APD positive pole is connected with sample resistance R; Described sample resistance R is connected with trans-impedance amplifier TIA; Described trans-impedance amplifier TIA signal output feedack regulates avalanche photodide APD both end voltage.
Introduce the operating process of native system below.
Under APD is operated in Geiger mode angular position digitizer, be the bias voltage of APD higher than avalanche voltage, namely a photo-generated carrier likely sets out the self-maintaining snowslide of very big gain, produces detectable avalanche current, makes APD can realize effective detection of single photon.Single photon arrives APD, produces macroscopical avalanche current that can be detected by subsequent conditioning circuit; Once avalanche current be detected, then the mode by reducing bias voltage is needed to be fallen by avalanche quenching.
The necessity of cancellation has 2 reasons: one is that APD can not work long hours in Geiger mode angular position digitizer, otherwise easily damages APD device itself; Two is that cancellation snowslide just can make APD return to detection mode, can carry out photon detection next time.
Local oscillator light carries out mixing through adjustable attenuator and single photon signal in frequency mixer, and its difference frequency signal incides in APD.APD two ends bias voltage is higher than avalanche threshold voltage, and when there being photon incident, avalanche effect occurs, mixing light signal becomes sinusoidal electric signals.Sinusoidal electric signals signal is still fainter, forms larger sinusoidal signal feedback regulation APD bias voltage, make system realize self-quenching after TIA trans-impedance amplifier amplifies.
The one or more technical schemes provided in the embodiment of the present application, at least have following technique effect or advantage:
1, the self-quenching single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, reforms the method only detecting single photon signal in traditional single photon detection scheme, becomes the local oscillator light signal that detection single photon signal and laser instrument simultaneously provide; Incide the APD being in Geiger mode angular position digitizer after single photon signal and the mixing of local oscillator light signal in system schema, the avalanche current of generation is the photocurrent after mixing, and the photocurrent super large width of comparing traditional increases; Relative in prior art, require that APD gain amplifier is more than 106, require higher to APD, need APD long-term work under very high gain, need the situation of specific customization APD; The embodiment of the present application reduces APD gain requirements, greatly can reduce the cost of APD.
2, the self-quenching single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, reduces APD gain requirements, and APD operating voltage reduces, and can effectively reduce dark counting and the bit error rate, improves photon counting reliability.
3, the self-quenching single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, adopts degenerative mode to realize self-quenching, the noise that system can avoid gate-control signal to bring and crosstalk, and circuit structure is simple.
4, the self-quenching single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, trans-impedance amplifier TIA selects high speed device, can realize self-quenching fast, and system can be applicable to high-speed single photon detection system.
5, the self-quenching single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, produces sine-wave oscillation signal after local oscillator light and single photon signal mixing, is enlarged into sinusoidal current signal through APD snowslide, produces sine voltage signal through sample resistance R; APD both end voltage is fixing DC bias signal and sine voltage signal difference, under Geiger mode angular position digitizer, the faint change of APD both end voltage greatly can affect the interior lights current gain change that APD provides, sinusoidal voltage is got back to APD negative feedback through TIA trans-impedance amplifier and is regulated APD both end voltage, thus realizes self-quenching; This system does not need external gate-control signal, effectively avoids noise and follow-up filtering circuit that gate-control signal brings, enormously simplify circuit system structure.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to example to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a self-quenching single-photon detection system, is characterized in that, comprising: frequency mixer, avalanche photodide APD, trans-impedance amplifier TIA, sample resistance R and comparer;
The negative pole of described avalanche photodide APD connects direct current (DC) bias VD, and positive pole is by described sample resistance R ground connection; The positive pole of described avalanche photodide APD is connected with described trans-impedance amplifier TIA input end; Described trans-impedance amplifier TIA signal output part is connected with the negative pole of described avalanche photodide APD and described comparer respectively;
Wherein, single photon signal to be checked and local oscillator light signal are via output optical signal after described frequency mixer mixing, and described light signal sends to the light input end of described avalanche photodide APD;
The output signal feedback regulation avalanche photodide APD both end voltage of described trans-impedance amplifier TIA;
Described comparer tally sheet photon pulse.
2. self-quenching single-photon detection system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described local oscillator light signal enters described frequency mixer after decay.
3. self-quenching single-photon detection system as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, also comprise: adjustable attenuator;
Described adjustable attenuator is connected with described mixer input;
Wherein, described local oscillator light signal is by entering described frequency mixer after described adjustable attenuator decay.
4. self-quenching single-photon detection system as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described direct current (DC) bias VD is greater than the avalanche threshold voltage of described avalanche photodide APD;
When there being light incidence, there is snowslide in described avalanche photodide APD.
5. self-quenching single-photon detection system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described avalanche photodide APD is entered into after described local oscillator light signal and described single photon signal mixing to be checked;
The photocurrent that described avalanche photodide APD produces amplifies through snowslide and becomes sinusoidal current, produces sine voltage signal through sample resistance R;
Described sine voltage signal amplifies through described trans-impedance amplifier TIA, and avalanche photodide APD two ends direct current (DC) bias described in feedback regulation;
The output signal of described trans-impedance amplifier TIA counts via described comparer.
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| CN108168717A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-06-15 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Number of photons differentiates balanced detector |
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| CN110213511A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-09-06 | 天津大学 | A kind of high speed imaging sensor dot structure based on SPAD |
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