CN104990632A - Gate control difference single-photon detection system - Google Patents
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- CN104990632A CN104990632A CN201510413840.5A CN201510413840A CN104990632A CN 104990632 A CN104990632 A CN 104990632A CN 201510413840 A CN201510413840 A CN 201510413840A CN 104990632 A CN104990632 A CN 104990632A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the communication technical field and discloses a gate control difference single-photon detection system. The system comprises a first gate circuit, a first bias circuit, an APD, a first amplifier, a second gate circuit, a second bias circuit, an adjustable capacitor, a phase shifter, a second amplifier, a subtracter, a low noise amplifier and an avalanche discriminator circuit. The first gate circuit is connected with the APD; the first bias circuit is connected with the APD; the first amplifier is connected with the APD; the second gate circuit is connected with the adjustable capacitor; the second bias circuit is connected with the adjustable capacitor; the phase shifter is connected with the adjustable capacitor; the second amplifier is connected with the phase shifter; the subtracter circuit is connected with the first amplifier and the second amplifier; and the input end of the low noise amplifier is connected with the subtracter, and the output end thereof is connected with the avalanche discriminator circuit so as to amplify differential signals and carry out avalanche signal extraction, and then output avalanche pulse signals. According to the system, through a gate control feedback control mechanism, spike noise and post pulse effect are greatly reduced, and detection frequency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication technical field, particularly a kind of gate difference single-photon detection system.
Background technology
Avalanche photodide (APD) because detection efficiency is high, the advantage such as delicate structure, high reliability and low energy consumption is used widely in single photon detection, comprising: Fibre Optical Sensor (fiber opticsensing), optical fiber communication (fiber optic communication), the secret key of quantum distribute the fields such as (QKD), semiconductor device characteristic analysis, laser radar (LIDAR) and bio-imaging.
APD in single-photon detector is operated in Geiger mode angular position digitizer (operating voltage of APD is higher than avalanche voltage), and performance is subject to the impact of higher afterpulse effect.After afterpulse effect refers to that an avalanche signal produces, because multiplication region is containing defectiveness, when avalanche current is through out-of-date, these defects have certain probability and capture snowslide charge carrier, when APD is operated in Geiger mode angular position digitizer again, the charge carrier of capturing release can be formed electric current by these defects, causes spurious count.Afterpulse in hundreds of KHz, thus limits counting rate gate frequency limitation, thus limits single-photon detecting measured frequency.
Common method is capacitance balancing technology; Afterpulse is restrained effectively by the total current reduced in avalanche process, but, the APD that this technology needs use two performances similar, but only have a normal detection of photons of APD energy, so cost is too expensive, adopt fixed capacity in addition, the junction capacity different from those of electric capacity and APD is comparatively large, can not effective restraint speckle.Do not have filtering spike noise completely, the effect reducing afterpulse is also limited.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of gate difference single-photon detection system, solve in prior art, detection system noise is given prominence to, and the significant technical matters of afterpulse effect, reaches reduction spike noise, weakens afterpulse effect, greatly promotes the technique effect of frequency of operation.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of gate difference single-photon detection system, comprising: the first gate circuit, the first DC voltage bias circuit, avalanche photodide, the first amplifier, the second gate circuit, the second DC voltage bias circuit, tunable capacitor, phase shifter, the second amplifier, subtracter, low noise amplifier and snowslide discriminator circuit;
Described first gate circuit is connected with described avalanche photodide, regulates the AC overvoltage at described avalanche photodide two ends; Described first DC voltage bias circuit is connected with described avalanche photodide, provides the direct current (DC) bias at two ends; Described first amplifier is connected with described avalanche photodide, amplifies output signal;
Described second gate circuit is connected with described tunable capacitor, regulates the AC overvoltage at described tunable capacitor two ends; Described second DC voltage bias circuit is connected with described tunable capacitor, provides the direct current (DC) bias at tunable capacitor two ends; Described phase shifter is connected with described tunable capacitor, and the phase of output signal of adjustment tunable capacitor, makes described tunable capacitor synchronous with the phase of output signal of described avalanche photodide; Described second amplifier is connected with described phase shifter, amplifies output signal;
Described subtraction circuit is connected with described second amplifier with described first amplifier respectively, after subtracting each other process, exports the differential signal after subtracting each other to described avalanche photodide output signal and tunable capacitor output signal;
The input end of described low noise amplifier is connected with described subtracter, and output terminal is connected with described snowslide discriminator circuit; Amplify described differential signal and carry out avalanche signal extraction, exporting snowslide pulse signal.
Further, described snowslide discriminator circuit output terminal is connected with described first gate circuit, described second gate circuit and described phase shifter respectively, first gate circuit, described second gate circuit voltage described in the feedback regulation of described snowslide pulse signal, and the reverse biased of described phase shifter.
Further, described first amplifier and described second amplifier adopt trans-impedance amplifier.
Further, described gate difference single-photon detection system also comprises: pulse shaping circuit; Described pulse shaping circuit is connected with described snowslide discriminator circuit, and snowslide pulse signal is carried out shaping output.
Further, described pulse shaping circuit is JK flip-flop, and described snowslide pulse signal is shaped to ECL level signal.
The one or more technical schemes provided in the embodiment of the present application, at least have following technique effect or advantage:
1, the gate difference single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, adopts tunable capacitor and avalanche photodide to build match circuit, forms difference channel; Make both junction capacity characteristic reach consistent simultaneously, mate best junction capacity; By subtracter, eliminate the spike noise signal in two paths of signals, extract real principal signal, greatly reduce spike noise, weaken the impact of afterpulse effect, thus improve sensitivity and the detection efficiency of system.
2, the gate difference single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, adopts two-way gating circuit adjustment bias voltage, realizes dynamic biased operation, the afterpulse effect avoiding lattice imperfection to cause and dark counting, realize the single photon detection of high operate frequency.
3, the gate difference single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, the signal of feed-back regulatory mechanism to capacitance balancing is adopted to process, the gate voltage at snowslide output signal feedback regulation avalanche photodide and tunable capacitor two ends, dynamic conditioning avalanche photodide output signal and tunable capacitor output signal, make APD equal with the spike amplitude that tunable capacitor exports, pass through subtracter, eliminate spike noise up hill and dale, enable output signal filtering electric capacity response effectively, extract avalanche signal, effectively reduce afterpulse, improve system sensitivity and detection efficiency, and the frequency of operation of detector is significantly improved, 200MHz can be reached.
4, the gate difference single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, adopt the phase place of the output signal of phase shifter adjustment tunable capacitor, the phase place of the output signal of coupling avalanche photodide, make both synchronous, thus make subtracter can the effective spike noise that brings of filtering gate-control signal, reduce common-mode noise simultaneously.
5, the gate difference single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, adopt trans-impedance amplifier can effective restraint speckle signal, thus realize low noise and extract and the object of amplifying avalanche signal, thus obtain higher avalanche signal voltage, reduce the difficulty of matching of snowslide discriminator circuit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The gate difference single-photon detection system structural representation that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The snowslide discriminator circuit schematic diagram that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
See Fig. 1, a kind of gate difference single-photon detection system that the embodiment of the present invention provides, comprising: the first gate circuit, the first DC voltage bias circuit, avalanche photodide, the first amplifier, the second gate circuit, the second DC voltage bias circuit, tunable capacitor, phase shifter, the second amplifier, subtracter, low noise amplifier and snowslide discriminator circuit;
Described first gate circuit is connected with described avalanche photodide, regulates the AC overvoltage at described avalanche photodide two ends; Described first DC voltage bias circuit is connected with described avalanche photodide, provides the direct current (DC) bias at two ends; Described first amplifier is connected with described avalanche photodide, amplifies output signal;
Described second gate circuit is connected with described tunable capacitor, regulates the AC overvoltage at described tunable capacitor two ends; Described second DC voltage bias circuit is connected with described tunable capacitor, provides the direct current (DC) bias at tunable capacitor two ends; Described phase shifter is connected with described tunable capacitor, and the phase of output signal of adjustment tunable capacitor, makes described tunable capacitor synchronous with the phase of output signal of described avalanche photodide; Described second amplifier is connected with described phase shifter, amplifies output signal;
Described subtraction circuit is connected with described second amplifier with described first amplifier respectively, after subtracting each other process, exports the differential signal after subtracting each other to described avalanche photodide output signal and tunable capacitor output signal;
The input end of described low noise amplifier is connected with described subtracter, and output terminal is connected with described snowslide discriminator circuit; Amplify described differential signal and carry out avalanche signal extraction, exporting snowslide pulse signal.
First amplifier and described second amplifier adopt trans-impedance amplifier.
The gate circuit that the present embodiment provides is a kind of pulse signal generator; Further, according to actual needs, gate signal is selected a lot, and can be pulse signal, sinusoidal signal or square-wave signal, frequency be relevant to system operating frequency.
The substantial principle of snowslide discriminator circuit is compared suspect signal and threshold signal, output logic level signal; Classical comparator circuit can be adopted.
See Fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a kind of concrete avalanche signal discriminator circuit, namely uses chip MAX9600 to be exactly comparer chip, No. 9 pin given avalanche threshold voltage VT, No. 1 pin is input signal interface, and connect the output terminal of low noise amplifier, No. 10 pins are output port; Compared with input signal by VT, avalanche signal exports high level or low level at No. 10 pins.
Introduce the operating process of native system below.
Under APD is operated in gating patterns, when there being photon incident, higher than avalanche breakdown voltage, namely can there is snowslide response in APD two ends bias voltage.
First gate circuit regulates the AC overvoltage at APD two ends by changing amplitude size; First DC voltage bias circuit provides the direct current (DC) bias at APD two ends; First and second output signals of to amplify APD and tunable capacitor across resistance respectively, and restraint speckle signal effectively, can obtain higher snowslide pulse voltage, reduce snowslide discriminator circuit difficulty; Second gate circuit regulates the AC overvoltage at tunable capacitor two ends by changing amplitude size; Second DC voltage bias circuit provides the direct current (DC) bias at tunable capacitor two ends; Phase shifter can monitor tunable capacitor response output signal in real time, and dynamic conditioning makes the phase of output signal of tunable capacitor, makes the phase of output signal of APD and tunable capacitor synchronous.
Subtraction circuit exports the differential signal after subtracting each other to low noise amplifier amplified difference signal after subtracting each other process to APD output signal and tunable capacitor output signal; Snowslide discriminator circuit, adopts snowslide Discr., after processing, exports snowslide pulse signal to the differential signal after amplification.
The present invention adopts tunable capacitor as the capacitance balancing device of APD, can simulate the junction capacity characteristic of APD by regulating tunable capacitor, and performance compares existing balance scheme more can close to two equitable performance of APD, and with low cost.
Snowslide discriminator circuit output terminal is connected with described first gate circuit, described second gate circuit and described phase shifter respectively, the first gate circuit, described second gate circuit voltage described in the feedback regulation of described snowslide pulse signal, and the reverse biased of described phase shifter.
Snowslide pulse signal feedback regulation first gate circuit, the second gate circuit and phase shifter, make the output signal amplitude of APD and tunable capacitor equal, phase-locking, realizes spike noise and eliminate, reduce common-mode noise.
Snowslide discriminator circuit output signal is by the mode of negative-feedback regu-lation, and be connected by amplifier AND circuit, the mode of Voltage Feedback regulates; Adopt the phase shift of LH (left-handed) type phase shifter to be directly proportional to the reverse biased of self, regulate phase shift by the reverse biased of avalanche voltage feedback regulation phase shifter, make difference channel two paths of signals phase-locking.
Gate difference single-photon detection system also comprises: pulse shaping circuit; Pulse shaping circuit is connected with snowslide discriminator circuit, and snowslide pulse signal is carried out shaping output.
Pulse shaping circuit is JK flip-flop, and snowslide pulse signal is shaped to ECL level signal; Following digital circuit process can be supplied.
The one or more technical schemes provided in the embodiment of the present application, at least have following technique effect or advantage:
1, the gate difference single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, adopts tunable capacitor and avalanche photodide to build match circuit, forms difference channel; Make both junction capacity characteristic reach consistent simultaneously, mate best junction capacity; By subtracter, eliminate the spike noise signal in two paths of signals, extract real principal signal, greatly reduce spike noise, weaken the impact of afterpulse effect, thus improve sensitivity and the detection efficiency of system.
2, the gate difference single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, adopts two-way gating circuit adjustment bias voltage, realizes dynamic biased operation, the afterpulse effect avoiding lattice imperfection to cause and dark counting, realize the single photon detection of high operate frequency.
3, the gate difference single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, the signal of feed-back regulatory mechanism to capacitance balancing is adopted to process, the gate voltage at snowslide output signal feedback regulation avalanche photodide and tunable capacitor two ends, dynamic conditioning avalanche photodide output signal and tunable capacitor output signal, make APD equal with the spike amplitude that tunable capacitor exports, pass through subtracter, eliminate spike noise up hill and dale, enable output signal filtering electric capacity response effectively, extract avalanche signal, effectively reduce afterpulse, improve system sensitivity and detection efficiency, and the frequency of operation of detector is significantly improved, 200MHz can be reached.
4, the gate difference single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, adopt the phase place of the output signal of phase shifter adjustment tunable capacitor, the phase place of the output signal of coupling avalanche photodide, make both synchronous, thus make subtracter can the effective spike noise that brings of filtering gate-control signal, reduce common-mode noise simultaneously.
5, the gate difference single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, adopt trans-impedance amplifier can effective restraint speckle signal, thus realize low noise and extract and the object of amplifying avalanche signal, thus obtain higher avalanche signal voltage, reduce the difficulty of matching of snowslide discriminator circuit.
6, the gate difference single-photon detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application, the feature such as have High detect efficiency, low dark counting, low afterpulse probability and cost is low, structure is simple is the ideal scheme realizing high operate frequency single photon detection.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to example to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a gate difference single-photon detection system, it is characterized in that, comprising: the first gate circuit, the first DC voltage bias circuit, avalanche photodide, the first amplifier, the second gate circuit, the second DC voltage bias circuit, tunable capacitor, phase shifter, the second amplifier, subtracter, low noise amplifier and snowslide discriminator circuit;
Described first gate circuit is connected with described avalanche photodide, regulates the AC overvoltage at described avalanche photodide two ends; Described first DC voltage bias circuit is connected with described avalanche photodide, provides the direct current (DC) bias at two ends; Described first amplifier is connected with described avalanche photodide, amplifies output signal;
Described second gate circuit is connected with described tunable capacitor, regulates the AC overvoltage at described tunable capacitor two ends; Described second DC voltage bias circuit is connected with described tunable capacitor, provides the direct current (DC) bias at tunable capacitor two ends; Described phase shifter is connected with described tunable capacitor, and the phase of output signal of adjustment tunable capacitor, makes described tunable capacitor synchronous with the phase of output signal of described avalanche photodide; Described second amplifier is connected with described phase shifter, amplifies output signal;
Described subtraction circuit is connected with described second amplifier with described first amplifier respectively, after subtracting each other process, exports the differential signal after subtracting each other to described avalanche photodide output signal and tunable capacitor output signal;
The input end of described low noise amplifier is connected with described subtracter, and output terminal is connected with described snowslide discriminator circuit; Amplify described differential signal and carry out avalanche signal extraction, exporting snowslide pulse signal.
2. gate difference single-photon detection system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described snowslide discriminator circuit output terminal is connected with described first gate circuit, described second gate circuit and described phase shifter respectively, first gate circuit, described second gate circuit voltage described in the feedback regulation of described snowslide pulse signal, and the reverse biased of described phase shifter.
3. gate difference single-photon detection system as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described first amplifier and described second amplifier adopt trans-impedance amplifier.
4. gate difference single-photon detection system as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, also comprise: pulse shaping circuit; Described pulse shaping circuit is connected with described snowslide discriminator circuit, and snowslide pulse signal is carried out shaping output.
5. gate difference single-photon detection system as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: described pulse shaping circuit is JK flip-flop, described snowslide pulse signal is shaped to ECL level signal.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN105547470A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-05-04 | 华中科技大学 | Self-cancellation single photon detection system |
| CN105846824A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-08-10 | 东莞市华盾电子科技有限公司 | Signal amplification circuit, metallic detector formed by signal amplification circuit and signal amplification method |
| CN108168717A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-06-15 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | photon number resolution balance detector |
| CN109799496A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-05-24 | 深圳市光微科技有限公司 | Concurrency detection circuit, photon detector, pulsed TOF sensor and its implementation |
| CN110260984A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-20 | 东南大学 | A kind of single photon difference detecting circuit inhibiting gate spike noise using trimmer structure |
| CN110346054A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-10-18 | 东南大学 | A kind of single photon difference detecting circuit inhibiting gate spike noise using semifixed resistor structure |
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| CN110346054A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-10-18 | 东南大学 | A kind of single photon difference detecting circuit inhibiting gate spike noise using semifixed resistor structure |
| CN110260984A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-20 | 东南大学 | A kind of single photon difference detecting circuit inhibiting gate spike noise using trimmer structure |
| CN110260984B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-01 | 东南大学 | Single-photon differential detection circuit for inhibiting gated spike noise by adopting fine tuning capacitor structure |
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