CN110082778A - Coherent wind laser radar based on single photon detection - Google Patents
Coherent wind laser radar based on single photon detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN110082778A CN110082778A CN201910445623.2A CN201910445623A CN110082778A CN 110082778 A CN110082778 A CN 110082778A CN 201910445623 A CN201910445623 A CN 201910445623A CN 110082778 A CN110082778 A CN 110082778A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of coherent wind laser radar based on single photon detection, technical solution of the present invention is using relevant detection mode, pass through Received Signal and local oscillator photo-beat frequency, it will test frequency and be converted to MHz magnitude from THz magnitude, and digital sample is carried out to radiofrequency signal by single-photon detector, simplify signal processing, extracts atmospheric wind information by carrying out Fourier transformation to digital signal.On the one hand coherent wind laser radar proposed by the present invention based on single photon detection compares direct detection mode, simplifies optical path, system stability is improved, still further aspect passes through single photon detection, the difficulty for reducing signal transmission, storage and processing realizes processing in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to anemometry laser radar technical fields, more specifically, being related to a kind of phase based on single photon detection
Dry anemometry laser radar.
Background technique
Atmospheric wind remote sensing has extensive social benefit and important Military Application, and social efficiency includes: Numerical Weather
Forecast, atmosphere pollution detection and forecast, meteorology and climatological research, aviation, navigation, expressway visibility detection, are improved
Wind power generation efficiency, agricultural apply (rainfall, frost, high temperature early warning)；Military Application includes: aircraft carrier operation, near space environment
It ensures, air battle plan and commander, chemical and biological weapons discharge early warning, precision air-drop, air refuelling.Anemometry laser radar is due to having height
The characteristics of precision, high-spatial and temporal resolution and remote detection range is the effective means of atmospheric wind remote sensing.
Anemometry laser radar can be divided into two class of direct detection mode and coherent detection mode.Direct detection is by using frequency discrimination
The change transitions of Doppler frequency are the variation of energy by device, such as Fabry Perot interferometer, and difficult point is, frequency discriminator by
The influence of ambient temperature, humidity and pressure is drifted about, and needs that the centre frequency of laser is locked in frequency discriminator in real time
On brink, optical path is complicated.And coherent detection will test frequency by the way that Received Signal and local oscillation signal are carried out beat frequency
MHz magnitude is gone to from THz magnitude, then extracts frequency by High Speed Analog capture card sampled digital signal, and by Fourier transformation
Information is moved, difficult point is that the analog acquisition card of high speed is sampled as real-time Data Transmission, storage and processing bring challenge.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, technical solution of the present invention provides a kind of coherent wind laser radar based on single photon detection, it can
To have the advantages that in a manner of existing coherent detection and two kinds of detection mechanism of direct detection mode, and respective difficult point is evaded.
To achieve the goals above, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of coherent wind laser radar based on single photon detection, the coherent wind laser radar include:
Seed laser, beam splitter, acousto-optic modulator, fiber amplifier, signal transceiver module, adjustable optical attenuator, filter
Wave device, 3dB fiber optic splitter, single-photon detector, capture card and computer；
The laser signal of the seed laser outgoing single longitudinal mode is divided into two-way by the beam splitter, all the way laser signal
As local oscillator light, by the adjustable attenuator, after being adjusted under the saturation power of single-photon detector, it is input to the 3dB points
One input terminal of beam device, another way laser signal forms pulsed light as signal light, by the acousto-optic modulator, and carries out
Frequency, pulsed light after frequency displacement are and big by being emitted in atmosphere after the fiber amplifier by the signal transceiver module
The echo-signal that atmosphere interaction generates is received by the signal transceiver module, and the echo-signal passes through the filter filtering
Afterwards, another input terminal of the 3dB beam splitter is inputted, the 3d beam splitter is for believing the light obtained based on two input terminals
Number, local oscillator light and signal light are mixed, the optical signal after mixing carries out beat frequency, the list by the single-photon detector
It after incident optical signal is converted into electric signal by photon detector, is acquired by capture card, computer obtains the telecommunications of capture card acquisition
Number, wind speed information is obtained based on the electric signal.
Preferably, in above-mentioned coherent wind laser radar, the 3dB beam splitter is used to be inputted the light letter of end input
Number all it is divided into the two-beam signal of 50:50, so that passing through one output end after 50% local oscillator light is coupled with 50% echo-signal
Output, so that being exported by its another output end, two after other 50% local oscillator light is coupled with other 50% echo-signal
The different detection ports of the incident single-photon detector of optical signal difference of a output end output.
Preferably, in above-mentioned coherent wind laser radar, the signal transceiver module includes:
Transmitter-telescope, the transmitter-telescope are used for atmospheric emission pulsed light；
Receiving telescope, the receiving telescope is used to receive pulsed light and atmospheric interaction produces the echo-signal of card.
Preferably, in above-mentioned coherent wind laser radar, the signal transceiver module includes: optical fiber circulator and prestige
Remote mirror；The optical fiber circulator has first port, second port and third port；
The pulsed light of fiber amplifier output passes sequentially through the first port, the second port and described looks in the distance
Mirror is emitted in atmosphere, is generated the echo-signal that interaction generates with atmosphere and is passed sequentially through the telescope, the second end
Mouth and the incident filter of the third port.
Preferably, in above-mentioned coherent wind laser radar, the central wavelength of the seed laser shoot laser signal
It is 1.5 μm.
Preferably, in above-mentioned coherent wind laser radar, the central wavelength of the filter and the seed laser
The central wavelength of shoot laser signal is aligned, for filtering out the sun and sky background.
Preferably, in above-mentioned coherent wind laser radar, the adjustable optical attenuator is used for the local oscillator optical attenuation
To single photon level, to prevent the single-photon detector to be saturated.
Preferably, in above-mentioned coherent wind laser radar, the single-photon detector includes: InGaAs single photon detection
Device or upper conversion single-photon detector or superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector.
Preferably, in above-mentioned coherent wind laser radar, the capture card is Data Acquisition Card.
Preferably, in above-mentioned coherent wind laser radar, the computer is used to be based on the electric signal, extracts setting
Frequency information in distance, to obtain range gate corresponding with the frequency information, by collected photon in the range gate
Number carries out Fourier transformation after splicing in the time domain, to obtain the wind speed information.
As can be seen from the above description, the coherent wind laser radar based on single photon detection that technical solution of the present invention provides
It has the following beneficial effects:
Technical solution of the present invention uses coherent detection technology, and compared to direct detection mode, optical path is simple, without necessarily referring to
Cursor determines zero-frequency, does not also need the relative position of locked laser central wavelength and frequency discriminator, avoid frequency discriminator be easy by
The problem of influence of environment temperature, humidity and pressure, system stability are good.
Moreover, technical solution of the present invention converts optical signals to electric signal using single-photon detector, traditional coherent is compared
Laser radar uses High Speed Analog capture card, and technical solution of the present invention can use Data Acquisition Card, avoid High Speed Analog and adopt
Truck bring real-time Data Transmission, storage and processing complication system structure.
In summary, the coherent wind laser radar based on single photon detection that technical solution of the present invention provides, using this
The mode of vibration light and signal light beat frequency, can will test frequency from THz magnitude and be changed into MHz magnitude, when to optical signal detection, adopt
With single-photon detector, without traditional balanced detector, so that electric signal transmission, the difficulty of storage and processing are reduced, it is described
Coherent wind laser radar has detectivity high, the feature that optical path is simple and system is small by surrounding environment influence.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The embodiment of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis
The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the coherent wind laser radar based on single photon detection provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 is that the structure of another coherent wind laser radar based on single photon detection provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 3 is using coherent wind laser radar spectrum curve figure described in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific real
Applying mode, the present invention is described in further detail.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is a kind of coherent wind laser radar based on single photon detection provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Structural schematic diagram, the coherent wind laser radar include: seed laser 1, beam splitter 2, acousto-optic modulator 3, fiber amplifier
4, signal transceiver module 6, adjustable optical attenuator 7, filter 8,3dB fiber optic splitter 9, single-photon detector 10, capture card 11
And computer 12.
The seed laser 1 is emitted the laser signal of single longitudinal mode and divides by the beam splitter 2 for two-way, and laser is believed all the way
Number it is used as local oscillator light, by the adjustable attenuator 7, after being adjusted under the saturation power of single-photon detector 10, is input to described
One input terminal of 3dB beam splitter 9, another way laser signal form pulse as signal light, by the acousto-optic modulator 3
Light, line frequency of going forward side by side, the pulsed light after frequency displacement by the signal transceiver module 6 by being emitted to after the fiber amplifier 4
In atmosphere, the echo-signal generated with atmospheric interaction is received by the signal transceiver module 6, and the echo-signal passes through institute
After stating the filtering of filter 8, another input terminal of the 3dB beam splitter 9 is inputted, the 3d beam splitter 9 will be for that will be based on two
The optical signal that input terminal obtains, is mixed local oscillator light and signal light, and the optical signal after mixing passes through the single photon detection
Device 10 carries out beat frequency and is acquired after incident optical signal is converted into electric signal by the single-photon detector 10 by capture card 11, calculates
Machine 12 obtains the electric signal of capture card acquisition, obtains wind speed information based on the electric signal.
In coherent wind laser radar described in the embodiment of the present invention, the 3dB beam splitter 9 is used to be inputted end input
Optical signal is all divided into the two-beam signal of 50:50, so that after 50% local oscillator light is coupled with 50% echo-signal, it is defeated by one
Outlet output, so that exported after other 50% local oscillator light is coupled with other 50% echo-signal by its another output end,
The different detection ports of the incident single-photon detector 10 of optical signal difference of two output end output.
As shown in Figure 1, input terminal, respectively first input end and the second input terminal there are two the tools of 3dB beam splitter 9,
There are two output ends, respectively the first output end and second output terminal for tool.For the 3dB beam splitter 9, first input end is used
In the local oscillator light for obtaining the outgoing of adjustable attenuator 7, the second input terminal is used to obtain the echo letter that the filter 8 is emitted
Number, echo-signal includes the information of signal light.The local oscillator light of the first input end of the incident 3dB beam splitter 9 is by the 3dB points
Beam device 9 is divided into two parts, and the echo-signal of the second input terminal of the incident 3dB beam splitter 9 is divided equally by the 3dB beam splitter 9
It is two parts.First output end of the 3dB beam splitter 9 exports the optical signal after 50% local oscillator light is coupled with 50% echo, the
Two output ends export the optical signal after other 50% local oscillator light is coupled with other 50% echo.
In mode shown in Fig. 1, the signal transceiver module 6 includes: transmitter-telescope 6-1, the transmitter-telescope 6-1
For to atmospheric emission pulsed light；Receiving telescope 6-2, the receiving telescope 6-2 are mutual with atmosphere for receiving pulsed light
Effect produces the echo-signal of card.
Optionally, in the coherent wind laser radar, the central wavelength of the 1 shoot laser signal of seed laser
It is 1.5 μm.The central wavelength of the filter 8 is aligned with the central wavelength of the 1 shoot laser signal of seed laser, is used for
Filter out the sun and sky background.The fiber amplifier 4 is erbium-doped fiber amplifier.
The adjustable optical attenuator 7 is used to reducing to the local oscillator light decay into single photon level, to prevent the single-photon detecting
Device 10 is surveyed to be saturated.
The single-photon detector 10 is used to the good high speed of optical signal being changed into electric signal, has detection efficient high, dark
The advantages that counting low and counting rate high (dead time is short), in 200nm-10 mu m waveband, the single-photon detector 10 includes:
InGaAs single-photon detector or upper conversion single-photon detector or superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector.The embodiment of the present invention
In, it is preferred to use superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector.The capture card 12 is Data Acquisition Card.The seed laser 1 goes out
The central wavelength for penetrating laser signal is not limited to 1.5 μm, and the laser signal of different central wavelengths can be selected based on detection demand.
In coherent wind laser radar described in the embodiment of the present invention, the computer 12 is used to be based on the electric signal, mentions
The frequency information in set distance is taken, to obtain range gate corresponding with the frequency information, will be collected in the range gate
Number of photons splice in the time domain after carry out Fourier transformation, to obtain the wind speed information.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the implementation of the signal transceiver module 6 is not limited to mode shown in Fig. 1, can be with
As shown in Figure 2.
With reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is another coherent wind laser radar based on single photon detection provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Structural schematic diagram, be with mode difference shown in Fig. 1, in mode shown in Fig. 2, the signal transceiver module 6 includes: fiber optic loop
Shape device 5 and telescope 6；The optical fiber circulator 5 has first port, second port and third port；The fiber amplifier
The pulsed light that device 4 exports passes sequentially through the first port, the second port and the telescope 6, is emitted in atmosphere, with
Atmosphere generates the echo-signal that interaction generates and passes sequentially through the telescope 6, the second port and the third end
The incident filter 8 of mouth.Which can be realized that signal is transmitting-receiving only by a telescope, be not necessarily to by circulator
Two telescopes, simplied system structure are set.
With reference to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 be using coherent wind laser radar spectrum curve figure described in the embodiment of the present invention, local oscillator light and
Received Signal is mixed in 3dB beam splitter 9, shown in the radiofrequency signal of time domain such as Fig. 3 (a), one in Fig. 3 (a)
Envelope represents a range gate.By using single-photon detector 10 to the radiofrequency signal in Fig. 3 (a) be acquired acquisition when
Shown in domain signal such as Fig. 3 (b).The electric signal arrived to set distance corresponding range gate acquisition continuous acquisition carries out Fourier's change
It changes, shown in obtained frequency spectrum such as Fig. 3 (c), Doppler frequency shift is obtained by the frequency shift amount that the spectral centroid subtracts acousto-optic modulator 3
?.
Coherent wind laser radar described in the embodiment of the present invention carries out wind speed using local oscillator light light and signal light beat frequency mode
Detection, can will test frequency from THz magnitude and be changed into MHz magnitude, when to optical signal detection, using single-photon detector, nothing
Traditional balanced detector is needed, so that electric signal transmission, the difficulty of storage and processing are reduced, the coherent wind laser radar tool
There is detectivity high, the feature that optical path is simple and system is small by surrounding environment influence.
Coherent wind laser radar described in the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
Technical solution of the present invention uses coherent detection technology, and compared to direct detection mode, optical path is simple, without necessarily referring to
Cursor determines zero-frequency, does not also need the relative position of locked laser central wavelength and frequency discriminator, avoid frequency discriminator be easy by
The problem of influence of environment temperature, humidity and pressure, system stability are good.
Moreover, technical solution of the present invention converts optical signals to electric signal using single-photon detector, traditional coherent is compared
Laser radar uses High Speed Analog capture card, and technical solution of the present invention can use Data Acquisition Card, avoid High Speed Analog and adopt
Truck bring real-time Data Transmission, storage and processing complication system structure.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.
It should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to one
Entity or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation
There are any actual relationship or orders.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to contain
Lid non-exclusive inclusion, so that article or equipment including a series of elements not only include those elements, but also
It including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this article or the intrinsic element of equipment.Do not having
In the case where more limitations, the element that is limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that in the article including above-mentioned element
Or there is also other identical elements in equipment.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest scope of cause.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of coherent wind laser radar based on single photon detection, which is characterized in that the coherent wind laser radar packet
It includes:
Seed laser, beam splitter, acousto-optic modulator, fiber amplifier, signal transceiver module, adjustable optical attenuator, filter,
3dB fiber optic splitter, single-photon detector, capture card and computer；
The laser signal of the seed laser outgoing single longitudinal mode is divided into two-way by the beam splitter, laser signal conduct all the way
Local oscillator light after being adjusted under the saturation power of single-photon detector, is input to the 3dB beam splitter by the adjustable attenuator
An input terminal, another way laser signal forms pulsed light, line frequency of going forward side by side as signal light, by the acousto-optic modulator
Rate, the pulsed light after frequency displacement by the signal transceiver module by being emitted in atmosphere, with atmosphere after the fiber amplifier
The echo-signal that interaction generates is received by the signal transceiver module, and the echo-signal passes through the filter filtering
Afterwards, another input terminal of the 3dB beam splitter is inputted, the 3d beam splitter is for believing the light obtained based on two input terminals
Number, local oscillator light and signal light are mixed, the optical signal after mixing carries out beat frequency, the list by the single-photon detector
It after incident optical signal is converted into electric signal by photon detector, is acquired by capture card, computer obtains the telecommunications of capture card acquisition
Number, wind speed information is obtained based on the electric signal.
2. coherent wind laser radar according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the 3dB beam splitter is used for its is defeated
The optical signal for entering end input is all divided into the two-beam signal of 50:50, so that leading to after 50% local oscillator light is coupled with 50% echo-signal
Cross the output of one output end so that after other 50% local oscillator light is coupled with other 50% echo-signal, by it another
Output end output, the different detection ports of the incident single-photon detector of optical signal difference of two output end output.
3. coherent wind laser radar according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the signal transceiver module includes:
Transmitter-telescope, the transmitter-telescope are used for atmospheric emission pulsed light；
Receiving telescope, the receiving telescope is used to receive pulsed light and atmospheric interaction produces the echo-signal of card.
4. coherent wind laser radar according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the signal transceiver module includes: light
Fine circulator and telescope；The optical fiber circulator has first port, second port and third port；
The pulsed light of the fiber amplifier output passes sequentially through the first port, the second port and the telescope,
It is emitted in atmosphere, generates the echo-signal that interaction generates with atmosphere and pass sequentially through the telescope, the second port
And the incident filter of the third port.
5. coherent wind laser radar according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the seed laser shoot laser letter
Number central wavelength be 1.5 μm.
6. coherent wind laser radar according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the central wavelength of the filter and institute
The central wavelength alignment for stating seed laser shoot laser signal, for filtering out the sun and sky background.
7. coherent wind laser radar according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the adjustable optical attenuator is used for institute
It states local oscillator light decay and reduces to single photon level, to prevent the single-photon detector to be saturated.
8. coherent wind laser radar according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the single-photon detector includes:
InGaAs single-photon detector or upper conversion single-photon detector or superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector.
9. coherent wind laser radar according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the capture card is Data Acquisition Card.
10. -9 described in any item coherent wind laser radars according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the computer is used for
Based on the electric signal, the frequency information in set distance is extracted, to obtain range gate corresponding with the frequency information, by institute
It states after collected number of photons is spliced in the time domain in range gate and carries out Fourier transformation, to obtain the wind speed information.
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| CN110726982A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-01-24 | 中国科学技术大学 | Signal smoothing method and system |
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