CN105866795B - The Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar of F-P interferometers is scanned based on all -fiber - Google Patents
The Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar of F-P interferometers is scanned based on all -fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN105866795B CN105866795B CN201610346026.0A CN201610346026A CN105866795B CN 105866795 B CN105866795 B CN 105866795B CN 201610346026 A CN201610346026 A CN 201610346026A CN 105866795 B CN105866795 B CN 105866795B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/487—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/497—Means for monitoring or calibrating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radars scanning F P interferometers based on all -fiber, laser pulse generates the emitted telescope sensing air of light pulse of unit outgoing, echo-signal filters out unit wiping out background noise through ambient noise, the scanning composed to reference signal and atmospheric aerosol is realized by spectral scan unit, detection to signal is realized by single-photon detector, by the inverting of the acquisition and air wind speed of data acquisition unit and the complete paired data of processing unit.The present invention completes the scanning composed to aerosol back scattering by using the transmission spectrum and reflectance spectrum of optical fiber F P interferometers, avoids energy dissipation and eliminates influence of the laser energy shake to measurement；The detection to air small-signal is realized by single-photon detector；By scanning reference laser spectrum and atmospheric aerosol spectrum simultaneously, the examination to Doppler frequency shift symbol is completed.Laser radar of the present invention has many advantages, such as that eye-safe, measurement wind speed dynamic range is big, detection range is remote.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser radar field more particularly to a kind of Larger Dynamic wind scanning F-P interferometers based on all -fiber
Field detecting laser radar.
Background technology
Atmospheric Survey laser radar is high with its good directionality, temporal resolution and spatial resolution, precision is high, non-contact
The advantages that (remote sensing) detects is widely used to test the speed, is imaged, pollutant monitoring, surveys the fields such as wind, thermometric, density detection.Greatly
Gas detecting laser radar is by emitting in laser pulse to air, by atmospheric sounding echo-signal, to the energy of inverting air
The information such as degree of opinion, Atmospheric components, density, wind speed, temperature.
Anemometry laser radar is to improving the accuracy of long-range weather forecasting, improving climatic study model, raising military environments
Forecast etc. is of great importance.Therefore, the measurement of atmospheric wind receives more and more attention, International Civil Aviation mechanism, World Meteorological
Tissue, countries in the world aerospace the tissues such as research institution all energetically carrying out Wind measurement systematic research and opening
Hair.
Doppler anemometry laser radar can be divided into coherent detection and direct detection according to the difference of detection principle.Coherent detection
Wind speed detection is detected by way of atmospheric laser echo-signal and local oscillator laser coherence.Direct detection then utilizes frequency discriminator will be more
General frequency shift information of strangling is converted into the opposite variation of energy with atmospheric sounding wind speed.In both laser radars, coherent wind laser
Radar tool high-precision, high time resolution the characteristics of, but its there is also some short slabs：1) stringent, laser is required laser linewidth
Line width determines that coherence length, coherence length influence the detection range of laser radar；2) it is easy to be interfered by electromagnetic environment, laser pulse
Modulation and the generation of intermediate-freuqncy signal completed by acousto-optic modulator, intermediate-freuqncy signal is generally between 30MHz to 300MHz, this is just
It is broadcasting station, wave band used in wireless telecom equipment, the band coverage is wide, using intensive.Therefore, on the one hand, in
The use of frequency signal makes coherent laser radar be easy to be interfered by electromagnetic environment；On the other hand, laser radar is in normal work
The electromagnetic signal of radiation will interfere other electronic equipments.3) distance resolution and wind speed dynamic range are limited to detector
Bandwidth, the distance resolution of the best coherent wind laser radar of performance is 15m at present.
The detection accuracy of direct detection Doppler lidar for wind measurement is relatively low, but distance resolution, to laser linewidth require, anti-electricity
Magnetic disturbance etc. is better than coherent wind laser radar.Direct detection laser radar can be divided into fringe technique and marginal technology.
Wherein, fringe technique generates interference fringe using Fabry-Perot interferometers or Fizeau interferometers, passes through striped
The offset of center of gravity measures the Doppler frequency shift of atmospheric scattering signal, but fringe technique need to coordinate more pixel detectors to use, and
More pixel detection modes are complicated, and can not overcome the cross-interference issue of detector.
Marginal technology utilizes the filter with precipitous response curve, by the measure of the change Doppler's frequency for detecting transmitance
Shifting amount.In marginal technology, except using in addition to above two interferometer, can also use molecular absorption line, Michelson interferometers,
The high-resolution frequency discrimination rate device such as grating, prism, Mach-Zehnder interferometers；However the measurable wind speed dynamic of edge detecting technique
Range is confined to the filter edge of frequency discriminator.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser thunders scanning F-P interferometers based on all -fiber
Reach, have many advantages, such as eye-safe, it is compact-sized, be suitable for various platforms (airborne, carrier-borne, spaceborne).
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar scanning F-P interferometers based on all -fiber, which is characterized in that including：
Laser pulse generates unit 10, transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20, ambient noise and filters out unit 40, spectral scan unit
50, single photon detection unit 60, data acquisition unit 70 and follow-up data inverting and display unit 80；Wherein：
Laser pulse generates unit 10 and exports detectable signal and reference signal；Detectable signal therein is through receiving and dispatching telescope list
Member 20, which expands, subsequently points to atmospheric sounding, and by 20 receives echo-signal of transmitting-receiving telescope unit；The echo-signal is first through background
40 wiping out background noise of noise filtering unit；The spectral scan unit 50 is to the echo-signal and ginseng after wiping out background noise
It examines signal to extract, the optical signalling of extraction is detected by single photon detection unit 60, and the electric signal detected passes through
Data acquisition unit 70 is acquired record, finally by follow-up data inverting and 80 inverting of display unit and display air wind
Speed.
It further, can Simultaneous Inversion spectrum width and spectrum centre bit by directly carrying out spectrum analysis to Aerosol Size when inverting
Confidence ceases, and the change for composing center corresponds to air Doppler shift information, i.e. wind speed information.
The Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar further includes：
Laser scan unit 30, it is right for expanding pulsed light and after sensing air when receiving and dispatching telescope unit 20
Atmospheric sounding carries out laser three-dimensional scanning, to realize the detection of air wind vector.
The laser pulse generates unit 10：Laser light source 11, impulse generator 12, fiber optic splitter 13, laser
Amplifier 14 and adjustable attenuator 15；Wherein, the laser that laser light source 11 is emitted is modulated into pulse by impulse generator 12, adjusts
The pulse of system is divided into two through fiber optic splitter 13, wherein one route the ports b of the fiber optic splitter 13 through adjustable attenuator
As with reference to signal transmission to spectral scan unit 50 after 15 processing, another way is by the ports a of the fiber optic splitter 13 through swashing
After the processing of image intensifer 14 transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20 is transmitted to as detectable signal；
Alternatively, the laser pulse generation unit 10 includes：Laser light source 11, impulse generator 12, fiber optic splitter 13,
Laser amplifier 14, optical fiber circulator 16 and time delay optical fiber 17；Wherein, the laser that laser light source 11 is emitted is by impulse generator 12
It is modulated into pulse, the pulse of modulation is divided into two through fiber optic splitter 13, wherein one route the ports b of the fiber optic splitter 13
As with reference to signal transmission, to spectral scan unit 50, another way is by described after optical fiber circulator 16 and time delay optical fiber 17 are handled
The ports a of fiber optic splitter 13 are transmitted to transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20 after the processing of laser amplifier 14 as detectable signal.
The laser light source 11 is 1.5 μm of lasers, and impulse generator 13 is electrooptic modulator EOM or acousto-optic modulator
AOM, laser amplifier 14 are erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier EDFA.
The transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20 includes：Transmitter unit 21, receiving unit 22 and time delay optical fiber 23, transmitter unit
21 for detectable signal expand subsequently pointing to atmospheric sounding；The receiving unit 22 is used for receives echo-signal；It is described to prolong
When optical fiber 23 for reference signal and echo-signal to be separated in the time domain；
Wherein, the transmitting-receiving telescope is transmitting-receiving coaxial configuration or transmit-receive off-axis structure.
The ambient noise filters out unit 40 for filtering out the atmospheric background noise comprising optical fiber circulator 41 and optical fiber
Bragg grating 42, the wherein centre wavelength of fiber bragg grating 42 are consistent with detectable signal centre wavelength.
The spectral scan unit 50 includes：Fiber optic splitter 51, optical fiber circulator 52, scan-type fiber F-P interferometer
53, fiber F-P interferometer controller 54 and constant temperature and pressure device 55；The reference signal first reaches fiber optic splitter in the time domain
51, the ports a that the signal being emitted from fiber optic splitter 51 first passes through optical fiber circulator 52 reach scan-type fiber F-P interferometer
53, the transmission signal of wherein scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53 is directly entered single photon detection unit 60, scan-type fiber F-P
The reflection signal of interferometer 53 enters single photon detection unit 60 after returning to optical fiber circulator 52 after the outgoing of the ports b；The perseverance
Warm constant-voltage equipment 55 is for ensuring that scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53 works under constant temperature and pressure；
Wherein, before surveying wind, so that laser frequency is located at by the output voltage of control fiber F-P interferometer controller 54 and sweep
The center that formula fiber F-P interferometer 53 freely composes spacing is retouched, to by differentiating the opposite reference laser of atmospheric aerosol spectrum
The symbol of the location determination air Doppler frequency shift of spectrum.
The single photon detection unit 60 includes two single-photon detectors, receives scan-type fiber F-P interferometer respectively
53 transmission signal and reflection signal；
The single-photon detector can be superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, upper conversion single-photon detector or indium gallium arsenic
Single-photon detector.
The data acquisition unit 70 includes two data collectors, independently connects a single-photon detector.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention：1) 1.5 μm of laser, the wavelength is used to have human eye maximum
Allow the advantages that exposure power is maximum, atmospheric transmittance is high, communication band optical fibre device is ripe, therefore all -fiber developed surveys wind
Laser radar has many advantages, such as low cost, miniaturization, intelligent and efficient stable.2) scan-type fiber F-P interferometer, phase are used
It is remote with detection range, wind speed investigative range is big than in based on 1.5 μm of coherent wind laser radar system, it is distinguishable more
The advantages of general Le symbol and distance resolution height etc..In coherent laser radar, detection range is limited to coherence length, wind
Fast investigative range is limited to the bandwidth of detector, and need to assist completing the Zhen of Doppler's symbol by acousto-optic modulator
Not.3) single-photon detecting survey technology is used, that is, uses incoherent technique to carry out the detection of atmospheric wind, passes through single photon detection skill
Art can realize the detection to faint Received Signal.4) it is based on all -fiber anemometry laser radar of scanning F-P interferometers, it is special
Not Shi Yongyu strong wind speed dynamic range detection, wind speed investigative range freely composes spacing (FSR) by scan-type F-P interferometers
It determines, when being located at the center of fiber F-P interferometer FSR with reference to light frequency, Doppler search ranging from-FSR/2~
FSR/2.5) reference light is used to carry out zero-frequency calibration, by screening which side of the back scattering spectrum positioned at reference spectrum, to side
Just the symbol of Doppler is efficiently extracted.6) transmission signal and reflection signal of fiber F-P interferometer are utilized jointly, avoids
Energy dissipation in scanning process.7) on the one hand by determining that the center of the spectral line of scanning acquisition can be used for inverting air wind
, still further aspect can be used for studying atmospheric turbulance by being fitted the half-breadth of spectral line.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill in field, without creative efforts, other are can also be obtained according to these attached drawings
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is that a kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement being scanned F-P interferometers based on all -fiber provided in an embodiment of the present invention is swashed
The light path schematic diagram of optical radar；
Fig. 2 is another Larger Dynamic Wind measurement that F-P interferometers are scanned based on all -fiber provided in an embodiment of the present invention
The light path schematic diagram of laser radar；
Fig. 3 is that spectral scan unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention only handles scan-type fiber F-P interferometer transmission signal
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that spectral scan unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention only handles scan-type fiber F-P interferometer reflection signal
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is that spectral scan unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention handles scan-type fiber F-P interferometer transmission letter simultaneously
Number with reflection signal schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser thunder provided in an embodiment of the present invention that F-P interferometers are scanned based on all -fiber
The practical measuring examples reached.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Ground describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on this
The embodiment of invention, every other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figs. 1-2, it is a kind of Larger Dynamic wind scanning F-P interferometers based on all -fiber provided in an embodiment of the present invention
The light path schematic diagram of field detecting laser radar；It includes mainly：
Laser pulse generates unit 10, transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20, ambient noise and filters out unit 40, spectral scan unit
50, single photon detection unit 60, data acquisition unit 70 and follow-up data inverting and display unit 80；Wherein：
Laser pulse generates unit 10 and exports detectable signal and reference signal；Detectable signal therein is through receiving and dispatching telescope list
Member 20, which expands, subsequently points to atmospheric sounding, and by 20 receives echo-signal of transmitting-receiving telescope unit；The echo-signal is first through background
40 wiping out background noise of noise filtering unit；The spectral scan unit 50 is to the echo-signal and ginseng after wiping out background noise
It examines signal to extract, the optical signalling of extraction is detected by single photon detection unit 60, and the electric signal detected passes through
Data acquisition unit 70 is acquired record, finally by follow-up data inverting and 80 inverting of display unit and display air wind
Speed.
By directly carrying out spectrum analysis, energy Simultaneous Inversion spectrum width and spectrum center location information to Aerosol Size when inverting, and
The change of spectrum center corresponds to air Doppler shift information, i.e. wind speed information.
Preferably, can also include：Laser scan unit 30, for expanding pulsed light simultaneously when transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20
After sensing air, laser three-dimensional scanning is carried out to atmospheric sounding, to realize the detection of air wind vector.
As shown in Figure 1, the laser pulse generation unit 10 includes mainly：Laser light source 11, impulse generator 12, optical fiber
Beam splitter 13, laser amplifier 14 and adjustable attenuator 15；Wherein, the laser that laser light source 11 is emitted is by impulse generator 12
It is modulated into pulse, the pulse of modulation is divided into two through fiber optic splitter 13, wherein one route the ports b of the fiber optic splitter 13
As with reference to signal transmission, to spectral scan unit 50, another way is by the fiber optic splitter 13 after the processing of adjustable attenuator 15
The ports a through laser amplifier 14 processing after as detectable signal be transmitted to receive and dispatch telescope unit 20；The adjustable attenuator
15 can prevent strong laser damage single-photon detector.
Alternatively, the case where for short pulse duration, as shown in Fig. 2, laser pulse generation unit 10 includes mainly：Laser light
Source 11, impulse generator 12, fiber optic splitter 13, laser amplifier 14, optical fiber circulator 16 and time delay optical fiber 17；Wherein, swash
The laser that radiant 11 is emitted is modulated into pulse by impulse generator 12, and the pulse of modulation is divided into two through fiber optic splitter 13,
Wherein one ports b for routeing the fiber optic splitter 13 are used as after optical fiber circulator 16 and time delay optical fiber 17 are handled refers to signal
Be transmitted to spectral scan unit 50, another way by the fiber optic splitter 13 the conduct after the processing of laser amplifier 14 of the ports a
Detectable signal is transmitted to transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20；The reference signal is fiber Rayleigh backscatter signal, passes through acquisition
Quasi-continuous fiber Rayleigh backscatter signal can increase the Bin numbers of acquisition, improve signal-to-noise ratio.
Illustratively, the laser light source 11 can be 1.5 μm of lasers, and impulse generator 13 can be electrooptic modulator
(EOM) or acousto-optic modulator (AOM), laser amplifier 14 can be erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA).
In the embodiment of the present invention, the transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20 includes：Transmitter unit 21, receiving unit 22 and delay
Optical fiber 23, transmitter unit 21 is for detectable signal expand subsequently pointing to atmospheric sounding；The receiving unit 22 is for receiving
Echo-signal；The time delay optical fiber 23 is in the time domain separating reference signal and echo-signal；
Wherein, the transmitting-receiving telescope is transmitting-receiving coaxial configuration or transmit-receive off-axis structure.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the ambient noise filters out unit 40 for filtering out the atmospheric background noise comprising light
Fine circulator 41 and fiber bragg grating 42, the wherein centre wavelength of fiber bragg grating 42 and detectable signal centre wavelength
Unanimously.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the spectral scan unit 50 includes：Fiber optic splitter 51, optical fiber circulator 52, scanning
Formula fiber F-P interferometer 53, fiber F-P interferometer controller 54 and constant temperature and pressure device 55；The reference signal is in the time domain
Fiber optic splitter 51 is first reached, the ports a that the signal being emitted from fiber optic splitter 51 first passes through optical fiber circulator 52 reach scanning
The transmission signal of formula fiber F-P interferometer 53, wherein scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53 is directly entered single photon detection unit
60, the reflection signal of scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53 returns be emitted from the ports b after optical fiber circulator 52 after enter single-photon detecting
Survey unit 60；The constant temperature and pressure device 55 is for ensuring that scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53 works under constant temperature and pressure；
Wherein, before surveying wind, so that laser frequency is located at by the output voltage of control fiber F-P interferometer controller 54 and sweep
The center that formula fiber F-P interferometer 53 freely composes spacing is retouched, to by differentiating the opposite reference laser of atmospheric aerosol spectrum
The symbol of the location determination air Doppler frequency shift of spectrum.
In addition, other than using the transmission of fiber F-P interferometer simultaneously above and reflecting signal, it can also be only with use
The transmission signal of fiber F-P interferometer or the reflection signal of fiber F-P interferometer.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the single photon detection unit 60 includes two single-photon detectors, receives scanning respectively
The transmission signal of formula fiber F-P interferometer 53 and reflection signal；
The single-photon detector is superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, upper conversion single-photon detector or indium gallium arsenic list
Photon detector.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition unit 70 includes two data collectors, and it is single independently to connect one
Photon detector.
To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, it is big that a kind of high spectral resolution scanning F-P interferometers based on all -fiber is described below
The principle of dynamic wind field detecting laser radar.
Shown in Figure 2, the present invention carries out sweeping for aerosol back scattering spectrum using scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53
It retouches, scan-type fiber F-P interferometer controller 54 realizes the scanning of F-P interferometers, input voltage by the input voltage of adjusting
Change the change of cavity length so that F-P interferometers, the relationship of frequency increment Δ υ and the long increment Delta l of chamber are
In formula, υ0For the frequency of incident light；L is that the chamber of Fabry Perot interferometer is long；"-" number, which indicates to work as, requires frequency
When moving up, the chamber length of Fabry Perot interferometer needs to shorten.
When scanning the scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53 using fiber F-P interferometer controller 54, will obtain as schemed
Spacing is freely composed in transmittance curve shown in 3a, the distance between two of which peak for scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53.
On the basis of Fig. 3 (a), by the way that bias voltage V is arrangedoffsetWhen, the position that shoot laser is composed can be made to be located at fiber F-P interferometer FSR
Center, be the position of zero Doppler frequency shift at this.If analyzing reference light and atmospheric echo simultaneously with this F-P interferometer
Signal, and when the Doppler frequency increase of Received Signal, the echo-signal spectrum for scanning acquisition will deviate from reference spectrum, such as scheme
Shown in 3 (c), when Doppler frequency reduces, the echo-signal spectrum for scanning acquisition will be positioned at other one side of reference spectrum.By dividing
The carrier deviation for analysing reference spectrum and echo-signal spectrum can get the size of Doppler frequency shift, and be composed by screening echo-signal
It is to be located at the which side of reference spectrum to obtain the symbolic information of Doppler frequency.
It is described above that when being located at the center for freely composing spacing of F-P interferometers with reference to light frequency, can divide
Distinguish the symbol of Doppler frequency, measuring wind speed ranging from-FSR/2~FSR/2 is (if only measure Doppler's frequency in direction
It moves, measurement range is 0~FSR).Assuming that when FSR=1GHz, when wavelength is 1.5 μm, corresponding measuring wind speed dynamic model
It encloses for -375m/s~375m/s (one direction Doppler frequency shift is 0m/s~775m/s when dynamic).
Shown in Figure 4, scanning spectral line can be the reflectance spectrum of fiber F-P interferometer, and principle is similar.
It is shown in Figure 5, the transmission spectrum and reflectance spectrum for obtaining fiber F-P interferometer can be also scanned simultaneously, and the present invention is preferred
Transmission spectrum and reflectance spectrum are used simultaneously, to increase the utilization rate of energy.
Data shown in Figure 6 for actual measurement, scanning voltage curve shown in fig. 6 are the scanning of F-P interferometer controllers
Voltage curve, scanning voltage ranging from -3.2V to -2.2V, scanning step number are 40 steps, and each step residence time is 3s, each
The transmission signal being received back is walked with reflection signal as shown in fig. 6, its horizontal axis is detection range, the longitudinal axis is the number of photons being received back.
The transmission spectrum of 40 steps acquisition is scanned with reflectance spectrum as shown in fig. 6, its X-axis is scanning step number, Y-axis is detection range, and Z axis is to receive
Number of photons.Q=(aT-R)/(aT+R) obtainable Q values Spectral structures as shown in FIG. 6 afterwards are asked to transmission spectrum and reflectance spectrum,
One section of middle front is composed for reference laser light, and latter section is composed for aerosol scattering, and the centre frequency shift by calculating echo spectrum can be anti-
Drill air wind speed information.
A kind of high spectral resolution Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar tool scanning F-P interferometers based on all -fiber
It has the following advantages：
1, the present invention uses 1.5 μm of laser, the wavelength to have human eye maximum permitted exposure power maximum, atmospheric transmittance
High, the advantages that communication band optical fibre device is ripe, thus all -fiber anemometry laser radar developed have low cost, miniaturization,
The advantages that intelligent and efficient stable.
2, anemometry laser radar proposed by the present invention uses scan-type fiber F-P interferometer, compared to the phase based on 1.5 μm
Dry anemometry laser radar system, it is remote with detection range, wind speed investigative range is big, distinguishable Doppler's symbol and Range resolution
The high advantage of rate.In coherent laser radar, detection range is limited to coherence length, and wind speed investigative range is limited to visit
The bandwidth of device is surveyed, and need to assist completing the examination of Doppler's symbol by acousto-optic modulator.
3, the present invention uses single-photon detecting survey technology, that is, uses incoherent technique to carry out the detection of atmospheric wind, pass through
Single-photon detecting survey technology can realize the detection to faint Received Signal.
4, all -fiber anemometry laser radar proposed by the present invention based on scanning F-P interferometers, especially suitable for big wind speed
The detection of dynamic range, wind speed investigative range is determined by the spacing (FSR) of freely composing of scan-type F-P interferometers, works as reference light
When frequency is located at the center of fiber F-P interferometer FSR, Doppler search ranging from-FSR/2~FSR/2.
5, the present invention is proposed carries out zero-frequency calibration using reference light, by screening back scattering spectrum positioned at reference spectrum
Which side, to the symbol of the extraction Doppler of convenience and high-efficiency.
6, the transmission signal and reflection signal of fiber F-P interferometer is utilized in the present invention jointly, avoids in scanning process
Energy dissipation.
7, high spectral resolution anemometry laser radar proposed by the present invention, on the one hand, scan the spectral line obtained by determining
Center can be used for inverting atmospheric wind, and on the other hand, the half-breadth by being fitted spectral line can be used for studying atmospheric turbulance.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art is in the technical scope of present disclosure, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claims
Subject to enclosing.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar scanning F-P interferometers based on all -fiber, which is characterized in that including：
Laser pulse generates unit (10), transmitting-receiving telescope unit (20), ambient noise and filters out unit (40), spectral scan unit
(50), single photon detection unit (60), data acquisition unit (70) and follow-up data inverting and display unit (80)；Wherein：
Laser pulse generates unit (10) and exports detectable signal and reference signal；Detectable signal therein is through receiving and dispatching telescope unit
(20) it expands and subsequently points to atmospheric sounding, and by transmitting-receiving telescope unit (20) receives echo-signal；The echo-signal is first through the back of the body
Scape noise filtering unit (40) wiping out background noise；The spectral scan unit (50) is to the echo-signal after wiping out background noise
And reference signal extracts, the optical signalling of extraction is detected by single photon detection unit (60), the electricity detected
Signal is acquired record by data acquisition unit (70), finally by follow-up data inverting and display unit (80) inverting and
Show air wind speed；
The spectral scan unit (50) includes：Fiber optic splitter (51), optical fiber circulator (52), the interference of scan-type fiber F-P
Instrument (53), fiber F-P interferometer controller (54) and constant temperature and pressure device (55)；The reference signal first reaches light in the time domain
Fine beam splitter (51), the ports a that the signal being emitted from fiber optic splitter (51) first passes through optical fiber circulator (52) reach scan-type
The transmission signal of fiber F-P interferometer (53), wherein scan-type fiber F-P interferometer (53) is directly entered single photon detection unit
(60), the reflection signal of scan-type fiber F-P interferometer (53) enters list after returning to optical fiber circulator (52) after the outgoing of the ports b
Photon detection unit (60)；The constant temperature and pressure device (55) is for ensuring scan-type fiber F-P interferometer (53) in constant temperature perseverance
Depress work；Wherein, before surveying wind, the output voltage by controlling fiber F-P interferometer controller (54) makes laser frequency position
The center of spacing is freely composed in scan-type fiber F-P interferometer (53), to by differentiating the opposite ginseng of atmospheric aerosol spectrum
Examine the symbol of the location determination air Doppler frequency shift of laser spectrum.
2. a kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar scanning F-P interferometers based on all -fiber according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, by directly carrying out spectrum analysis, energy Simultaneous Inversion spectrum width and spectrum center location information to Aerosol Size when inverting,
And the change for composing center corresponds to air Doppler shift information, i.e. wind speed information.
3. a kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser thunder scanning F-P interferometers based on all -fiber according to claim 1 or 2
It reaches, which is characterized in that further include：
Laser scan unit (30) is used for after pulsed light is expanded simultaneously sensing air by transmitting-receiving telescope unit (20), right
Atmospheric sounding carries out laser three-dimensional scanning, to realize the detection of air wind vector.
4. a kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser thunder scanning F-P interferometers based on all -fiber according to claim 1 or 2
It reaches, which is characterized in that
The laser pulse generates unit (10)：Laser light source (11), impulse generator (12), fiber optic splitter (13),
Laser amplifier (14) and adjustable attenuator (15)；Wherein, the laser of laser light source (11) outgoing is by impulse generator (12)
It is modulated into pulse, the pulse of modulation is divided into two through fiber optic splitter (13), wherein the b of a routing fiber optic splitter (13)
Port is after adjustable attenuator (15) processing as with reference to signal transmission, to spectral scan unit (50), another way is by the optical fiber
The ports a of beam splitter (13) are transmitted to transmitting-receiving telescope unit (20) after laser amplifier (14) processing as detectable signal；
Alternatively, the laser pulse generation unit (10) includes：Laser light source (11), impulse generator (12), fiber optic splitter
(13), laser amplifier (14), optical fiber circulator (16) and time delay optical fiber (17)；Wherein, the laser of laser light source (11) outgoing
Pulse is modulated by impulse generator (12), the pulse of modulation is divided into two through fiber optic splitter (13), wherein described in a routing
The ports b of fiber optic splitter (13) are after optical fiber circulator (16) and time delay optical fiber (17) processing as with reference to signal transmission to light
Scanning element (50) is composed, another way is by the ports a of the fiber optic splitter (13) as spy after laser amplifier (14) processing
Signal transmission is surveyed to receiving and dispatching telescope unit (20).
5. a kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar scanning F-P interferometers based on all -fiber according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that, the laser light source (11) is 1.5 μm of lasers, impulse generator (13) is electrooptic modulator EOM or acousto-optic
Modulator AOM, laser amplifier (14) are erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier EDFA.
6. a kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar scanning F-P interferometers based on all -fiber according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the transmitting-receiving telescope unit (20) includes：Transmitter unit (21), receiving unit (22) and time delay optical fiber
(23), transmitter unit (21) is for detectable signal expand subsequently pointing to atmospheric sounding；The receiving unit (22) is for connecing
Receive echo-signal；The time delay optical fiber (23) is in the time domain separating reference signal and echo-signal；
Wherein, the transmitting-receiving telescope is transmitting-receiving coaxial configuration or transmit-receive off-axis structure.
7. a kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar scanning F-P interferometers based on all -fiber according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the ambient noise filters out unit (40) for filtering out the atmospheric background noise comprising optical fiber circulator
(41) and fiber bragg grating (42), the wherein centre wavelength Yu detectable signal centre wavelength one of fiber bragg grating (42)
It causes.
8. a kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar scanning F-P interferometers based on all -fiber according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the single photon detection unit (60) includes two single-photon detectors, it is dry that scan-type fiber F-P is received respectively
The transmission signal of interferometer (53) and reflection signal；
The single-photon detector can be superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, upper conversion single-photon detector or indium gallium arsenic monochromatic light
Sub- detector.
9. a kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar scanning F-P interferometers based on all -fiber according to claim 8,
It is characterized in that, the data acquisition unit (70) includes two data collectors, a single-photon detector is independently connected.
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