CN105866795A - Large dynamic wind field detection laser radar based on all fiber scanning F P interferometer - Google Patents
Large dynamic wind field detection laser radar based on all fiber scanning F P interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN105866795A CN105866795A CN201610346026.0A CN201610346026A CN105866795A CN 105866795 A CN105866795 A CN 105866795A CN 201610346026 A CN201610346026 A CN 201610346026A CN 105866795 A CN105866795 A CN 105866795A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/487—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/497—Means for monitoring or calibrating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a large dynamic wind field detection laser radar based on an all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer. The large dynamic wind field detection laser radar is characterized in that optical pulse emitted from a laser pulse generating unit points to detection atmosphere through a transmitting telescope; background noise of an echo signal is filtered by a background noise filtering unit; a reference signal and an atmospheric aerosol spectrum are scanned by a spectrum scanning unit; signal detection is realized by a single-photon detector; data acquisition and atmospheric wind velocity inversion are completed by a data acquisition unit and a processing unit. According to the large dynamic wind field detection laser radar, a back scattering spectrum of aerosol is scanned through a transmission spectrum and a reflective spectrum of the optical fiber F-P interferometer, and energy waste is avoided and influence of laser energy jitter on measurement is eliminated; weak atmospheric signals are detected by the single-photon detector; Doppler frequency shift symbols are discriminated by scanning a reference laser spectrum and the atmospheric aerosol spectrum simultaneously. The laser radar has the advantages of eye safety, large dynamic range of wind velocity measurement, long detection range and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser radar field, particularly relate to a kind of Larger Dynamic wind field based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer and visit
Survey laser radar.
Background technology
Atmospheric Survey laser radar is high with its good directionality, temporal resolution and spatial resolution, precision is high, noncontact
The advantages such as (remote sensing) detection, be widely used to test the speed, imaging, pollutant monitoring, survey wind, thermometric, density detection
In field.Atmospheric Survey laser radar is by transmitting laser pulse to air, by atmospheric sounding echo-signal, thus
The information such as the visibility of inverting air, Atmospheric components, density, wind speed, temperature.
Anemometry laser radar to improve long-range weather forecasting accuracy, improve climatic study model, improve military environments pre-
Report etc. is of great importance.Therefore, the measurement of atmospheric wind receives more and more attention, International Civil Aviation mechanism, world's gas
As the tissue such as tissue, the aerospace research institution in countries in the world carry out the most energetically Wind measurement systematic research with
Exploitation.
Doppler anemometry laser radar can be divided into coherent detection and direct detection according to the difference of detection principle.Coherent detection leads to
The mode crossing atmospheric laser echo-signal and local oscillator laser coherence detects wind speed detection.Direct detection then utilizes descriminator will be many
General Le frequency shift information is converted into the change relatively of energy with atmospheric sounding wind speed.In both laser radars, coherent wind swashs
Optical radar tool high accuracy, the feature of high time resolution, but it there is also some short slabs: 1) laser linewidth is required tight
Lattice, laser linewidth determines coherence length, and coherence length affects the detection range of laser radar；2) easily done by electromagnetic environment
Disturbing, the modulation of laser pulse and the generation of intermediate-freuqncy signal are completed by acousto-optic modulator, and intermediate-freuqncy signal typically arrives at 30MHz
Between 300MHz, this is just the wave band that broadcasting station, Wireless Telecom Equipment are used, and this band coverage is wide, make
With intensive.Therefore, on the one hand, the use of intermediate-freuqncy signal, coherent laser radar is made easily to be disturbed by electromagnetic environment；Separately
On the one hand, other electronic equipment will be interfered by laser radar electromagnetic signal of radiation when normal work.3) distance point
Resolution and wind speed dynamic range are limited to detector bandwidth, the Range resolution of the coherent wind laser radar that current performance is best
Rate is 15m.
The detection accuracy of direct detection Doppler lidar for wind measurement is relatively low, but in range resolution ratio, to laser linewidth requirement, anti-electricity
The aspects such as magnetic disturbance are better than coherent wind laser radar.Direct detection laser radar can be divided into fringe technique and marginal technology.
Wherein, fringe technique uses Fabry-Perot interferometer or Fizeau interferometer to produce interference fringe, by striped weight
The skew of the heart measures the Doppler frequency shift of atmospheric scattering signal, but fringe technique need to coordinate many pixel detectors to use, and
Many pixels detection mode structure is complicated, and cannot overcome the cross-interference issue of detector.
Marginal technology utilizes the wave filter with precipitous response curve, by detecting the measure of the change Doppler frequency shift of transmitance
Amount.In marginal technology, in addition to using above two interferometer, it is also possible to use molecular absorption line, Michelson to interfere
The high-resolution frequency discrimination rate devices such as instrument, grating, prism, Mach-Zehnder interferometer；But edge detecting technique is measurable
Wind speed dynamic range is confined to the filter edge of descriminator.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer, tool
There are eye-safe, compact conformation, are applicable to the advantages such as various platform (airborne, carrier-borne, spaceborne).
It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer, it is characterised in that including:
Laser pulse generation unit 10, transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20, background noise filter unit 40, spectral scan unit
50, single photon detection unit 60, data acquisition unit 70 and follow-up data inverting and display unit 80；Wherein:
Laser pulse generation unit 10 exports detectable signal and reference signal；Detectable signal therein is through transmitting-receiving telescope unit
20 expand and subsequently point to atmospheric sounding, and are received echo-signal by transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20；Described echo-signal is first through background
Noise filtering unit 40 wiping out background noise；Described spectral scan unit 50 to the echo-signal after wiping out background noise and
Reference signal is extracted, and the optical signalling of extraction is detected by single photon detection unit 60, the signal of telecommunication that detection obtains
It is acquired record by data acquisition unit 70, big with display finally by follow-up data inverting and display unit 80 inverting
Gas wind speed.
Further, by directly Aerosol Size being carried out analysis of spectrum during inverting, can Simultaneous Inversion spectrum width and spectrum center
Information, and compose the change correspondence air Doppler shift information of center, i.e. wind speed information.
This Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar also includes:
Laser scan unit 30, for expanding pulsed light and after sensing air, to spy when transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20
Survey air and carry out laser three-dimensional scanning, thus realize the detection of air wind vector.
Described laser pulse generation unit 10 includes: LASER Light Source 11, pulse generator 12, fiber optic splitter 13, laser
Amplifier 14 and adjustable attenuator 15；Wherein, the laser of LASER Light Source 11 outgoing is modulated into arteries and veins by pulse generator 12
Punching, the pulse of modulation is divided into two through fiber optic splitter 13, wherein one route the b port of described fiber optic splitter 13 through adjustable
As reference signal transmission to spectral scan unit 50 after attenuator 15 process, another route a end of described fiber optic splitter 13
Mouth extremely receives and dispatches telescope unit 20 as detectable signal transmission after laser amplifier 14 processes；
Or, described laser pulse generation unit 10 includes: LASER Light Source 11, pulse generator 12, fiber optic splitter
13, laser amplifier 14, optical fiber circulator 16 and time delay optical fiber 17；Wherein, the laser of LASER Light Source 11 outgoing is by pulse
Generator 12 is modulated into pulse, and the pulse of modulation is divided into two through fiber optic splitter 13, wherein one route described fiber beam splitting
The b port of device 13 after optical fiber circulator 16 and time delay optical fiber 17 process as reference signal transmission to spectral scan unit
50, another route a port of described fiber optic splitter 13 after laser amplifier 14 processes as detectable signal transmission extremely transmitting-receiving
Telescope unit 20.
Described LASER Light Source 11 is 1.5 μm laser instrument, and pulse generator 13 is electrooptic modulator EOM or acousto-optic modulator
AOM, laser amplifier 14 is erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier EDFA.
Including of described transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20: transmitter unit 21, reception unit 22 and time delay optical fiber 23, transmitter unit
21 are used for expanding detectable signal subsequently pointing to atmospheric sounding；Described reception unit 22 is used for receiving echo-signal；Described
Time delay optical fiber 23 is for separating reference signal and echo-signal in time domain；
Wherein, described transmitting-receiving telescope is transmitting-receiving coaxial configuration, or transmit-receive off-axis structure.
Described background noise filters unit 40 for filtering the atmospheric background noise, and it includes optical fiber circulator 41 and optical fiber cloth
Glug grating 42, wherein the centre wavelength of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 42 is consistent with detectable signal centre wavelength.
Described spectral scan unit 50 includes: fiber optic splitter 51, optical fiber circulator 52, scan-type fiber F-P interferometer
53, fiber F-P interferometer controller 54 and constant temperature and pressure device 55；Described reference signal first arrives fiber beam splitting in time domain
Device 51, a port first passing through optical fiber circulator 52 from the signal of fiber optic splitter 51 outgoing arrives the interference of scan-type fiber F-P
Instrument 53, wherein the transmission signal of scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53 is directly entered single photon detection unit 60, scan-type optical fiber
The reflected signal of F-P interferometer 53 enters single photon detection unit 60 after returning optical fiber circulator 52 after b port outgoing；Institute
State constant temperature and pressure device 55 for guaranteeing that scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53 works under constant temperature and pressure；
Wherein, before surveying wind, laser frequency is made to be positioned at scanning by controlling the output voltage of fiber F-P interferometer controller 54
The center of spacing freely composed by formula fiber F-P interferometer 53, thus by differentiating that atmospheric aerosol is composed relative reference laser and composed
Position determine the symbol of air Doppler frequency shift.
Described single photon detection unit 60 includes two single-photon detectors, receives scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53 respectively
Transmission signal and reflected signal；
Described single-photon detector can be superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, upper conversion single-photon detector or indium gallium arsenic list
Photon detector.
Described data acquisition unit 70 includes two data acquisition units, independently connects a single-photon detector.
Using as seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention: 1) 1.5 μm laser, it is maximum that this wavelength has human eye
Allow the advantages such as exposure power is maximum, atmospheric transmittance is high, communication band optical fibre device is ripe, all-fiber therefore developed
Anemometry laser radar has the advantages such as low cost, miniaturization, intellectuality and efficient stable.2) scan-type fiber F-P is used
Interferometer, compared to coherent wind laser radar systems based on 1.5 μm, it has, and detection range is remote, wind speed investigative range
Greatly, distinguishable Doppler's symbol and the high advantage of range resolution ratio.In coherent laser radar, its detection range is limited
In coherence length, its wind speed investigative range is limited to the bandwidth of detector, and need to be complete by acousto-optic modulator auxiliary ability
Become the examination of Doppler's symbol.3) use single-photon detecting survey technology, i.e. use incoherent technique to carry out the spy of atmospheric wind
Survey, the detection to faint Received Signal can be realized by single-photon detecting survey technology.4) based on scanning F P interferometer
All-fiber anemometry laser radar, is particularly well-suited to the detection of strong wind speed dynamic range, and its wind speed investigative range is by scan-type F-P
The spacing (FSR) of freely composing of interferometer determines, when the center being positioned at fiber F-P interferometer FSR with reference to light frequency
Time, its Doppler search scope is-FSR/2～FSR/2.5) reference light is used to carry out zero-frequency demarcation, by screening
Back scattering spectrum is positioned at which side of reference spectrum, thus the symbol extracting Doppler of convenience and high-efficiency.6) jointly make use of light
The transmission signal of fine F-P interferometer and reflected signal, it is to avoid energy dissipation in scanning process.7) on the one hand it is determined by
The center of the spectral line that scanning obtains can be used for inverting atmospheric wind, and still further aspect can be used by the half-breadth of matching spectral line
In research atmospheric turbulance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, required use in embodiment being described below
Accompanying drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawing in describing below is only some embodiments of the present invention, for
From the point of view of those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain according to these accompanying drawings
Other accompanying drawings.
A kind of based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer the Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser thunder that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
The light path schematic diagram reached；
The another kind Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
The light path schematic diagram of radar；
The spectral scan unit that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention only processes showing of scan-type fiber F-P interferometer transmission signal
It is intended to；
The spectral scan unit that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention only processes showing of scan-type fiber F-P interferometer reflection signal
It is intended to；
Fig. 5 for the spectral scan unit that the embodiment of the present invention provides process simultaneously scan-type fiber F-P interferometer transmission signal with
The schematic diagram of reflected signal；
The Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
Practical measuring examples.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clearly and completely
Describe, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on
Embodiments of the invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise
Embodiment, broadly falls into protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1-2, a kind of based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer the Larger Dynamic wind field provided for the embodiment of the present invention
The light path schematic diagram of detecting laser radar；It specifically includes that
Laser pulse generation unit 10, transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20, background noise filter unit 40, spectral scan unit
50, single photon detection unit 60, data acquisition unit 70 and follow-up data inverting and display unit 80；Wherein:
Laser pulse generation unit 10 exports detectable signal and reference signal；Detectable signal therein is through transmitting-receiving telescope unit
20 expand and subsequently point to atmospheric sounding, and are received echo-signal by transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20；Described echo-signal is first through background
Noise filtering unit 40 wiping out background noise；Described spectral scan unit 50 to the echo-signal after wiping out background noise and
Reference signal is extracted, and the optical signalling of extraction is detected by single photon detection unit 60, the signal of telecommunication that detection obtains
It is acquired record by data acquisition unit 70, big with display finally by follow-up data inverting and display unit 80 inverting
Gas wind speed.
By directly Aerosol Size being carried out analysis of spectrum during inverting, energy Simultaneous Inversion spectrum width and spectrum center location information, and compose
The change correspondence air Doppler shift information of center, i.e. wind speed information.
Preferably, it is also possible to including: laser scan unit 30, for pulsed light being expanded also when transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20
After sensing air, atmospheric sounding is carried out laser three-dimensional scanning, thus realizes the detection of air wind vector.
As it is shown in figure 1, described laser pulse generation unit 10 specifically includes that LASER Light Source 11, pulse generator 12, optical fiber
Beam splitter 13, laser amplifier 14 and adjustable attenuator 15；Wherein, the laser of LASER Light Source 11 outgoing is by pulse generation
Device 12 is modulated into pulse, and the pulse of modulation is divided into two through fiber optic splitter 13, wherein one route described fiber optic splitter 13
B port through adjustable attenuator 15 process after as reference signal transmission to spectral scan unit 50, another route described optical fiber
The a port of beam splitter 13 extremely receives and dispatches telescope unit 20 as detectable signal transmission after laser amplifier 14 processes；Described can
Controlled attenuator 15 is possible to prevent strong laser damage single-photon detector.
Or, for the situation of short pulse duration, as in figure 2 it is shown, described laser pulse generation unit 10 specifically includes that laser light
Source 11, pulse generator 12, fiber optic splitter 13, laser amplifier 14, optical fiber circulator 16 and time delay optical fiber 17；Its
In, the laser of LASER Light Source 11 outgoing is modulated into pulse by pulse generator 12, and the pulse of modulation is through fiber optic splitter 13 1
It is divided into two, wherein b port conduct after optical fiber circulator 16 and time delay optical fiber 17 process of a described fiber optic splitter 13 of route
Reference signal transmission is to spectral scan unit 50, and another route a port of described fiber optic splitter 13 at laser amplifier 14
As detectable signal transmission to transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20 after reason；Described reference signal is fiber Rayleigh back scattering letter
Number, the Bin number of collection can be increased by gathering quasi-continuous fiber Rayleigh backscatter signal, improve signal to noise ratio.
Exemplary, described LASER Light Source 11 can be 1.5 μm laser instrument, and pulse generator 13 can be electrooptic modulator
(EOM) or acousto-optic modulator (AOM), laser amplifier 14 can be erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA).
In the embodiment of the present invention, including of described transmitting-receiving telescope unit 20: transmitter unit 21, reception unit 22 and time delay
Optical fiber 23, transmitter unit 21 subsequently points to atmospheric sounding for expanding detectable signal；Described reception unit 22 is used for connecing
Receive echo-signal；Described time delay optical fiber 23 is for separating reference signal and echo-signal in time domain；
Wherein, described transmitting-receiving telescope is transmitting-receiving coaxial configuration, or transmit-receive off-axis structure.
In the embodiment of the present invention, described background noise filters unit 40 for filtering the atmospheric background noise, and it includes optical fiber
Circulator 41 and Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 42, the wherein centre wavelength of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 42 and detectable signal centre wavelength
Unanimously.
In the embodiment of the present invention, described spectral scan unit 50 includes: fiber optic splitter 51, optical fiber circulator 52, scanning
Formula fiber F-P interferometer 53, fiber F-P interferometer controller 54 and constant temperature and pressure device 55；Described reference signal is in time domain
Upper first arrival fiber optic splitter 51, a port arrival first passing through optical fiber circulator 52 from the signal of fiber optic splitter 51 outgoing is swept
Retouching formula fiber F-P interferometer 53, wherein the transmission signal of scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53 is directly entered single photon detection list
Unit 60, the reflected signal of scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53 enters monochromatic light after returning optical fiber circulator 52 after b port outgoing
Sub-probe unit 60；Described constant temperature and pressure device 55 is used for guaranteeing scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53 work under constant temperature and pressure
Make；
Wherein, before surveying wind, laser frequency is made to be positioned at scanning by controlling the output voltage of fiber F-P interferometer controller 54
The center of spacing freely composed by formula fiber F-P interferometer 53, thus by differentiating that atmospheric aerosol is composed relative reference laser and composed
Position determine the symbol of air Doppler frequency shift.
Additionally, in addition to using transmission and the reflected signal of fiber F-P interferometer, it is also possible to only with using light. the most simultaneously
The transmission signal of fine F-P interferometer, or the reflected signal of fiber F-P interferometer.
In the embodiment of the present invention, described single photon detection unit 60 includes two single-photon detectors, receives scan-type respectively
The transmission signal of fiber F-P interferometer 53 and reflected signal；
Described single-photon detector is superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, upper conversion single-photon detector or indium gallium arsenic monochromatic light
Sub-detector.
In the embodiment of the present invention, described data acquisition unit 70 includes two data acquisition units, independently connects a monochromatic light
Sub-detector.
For the ease of understanding the present invention, a kind of high spectral resolution Larger Dynamic of based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer is described below
The principle of Wind measurement laser radar.
Shown in Figure 2, the present invention uses scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53 to carry out sweeping of aerosol back scattering spectrum
Retouching, scan-type fiber F-P interferometer controller 54 realizes the scanning of F-P interferometer, input electricity by the input voltage of regulation
Pressure changes the change of cavity length making F-P interferometer, and the relation of long increment Delta l of frequency increment Δ υ and chamber is
In formula, υ0Frequency for incident illumination；L is that the chamber of Fabry Perot interferometer is long；"-" number represents when requiring in frequency
During shifting, the chamber length of Fabry Perot interferometer needs to shorten.
When using fiber F-P interferometer controller 54 to scan described scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53, will obtain such as Fig. 3 a
Shown transmittance curve, the distance between two of which peak be scan-type fiber F-P interferometer 53 freely compose spacing.?
On the basis of Fig. 3 (a), by arranging bias voltage VoffsetTime, the position that shoot laser can be made to compose is positioned at fiber F-P and interferes
The center of instrument FSR, is the position of zero Doppler frequency shift at this.If with this F-P interferometer analyze simultaneously reference light and
Received Signal, and when the Doppler frequency of Received Signal increases, the echo-signal spectrum that scanning obtains will deviate from
Reference spectrum, as shown in Fig. 3 (c), when Doppler frequency reduces, the echo-signal spectrum that scanning obtains will be located in reference spectrum
Other on one side.The size of Doppler frequency shift can be obtained by analyzing the carrier deviation of reference spectrum and echo-signal spectrum,
And be in which side of reference spectrum by screening echo-signal spectrum thus obtain the symbolic information of Doppler frequency.
It is described above that when being positioned at the center freely composing spacing of F-P interferometer with reference to light frequency, it is distinguishable
The symbol of Doppler frequency, its measuring wind speed scope is that-FSR/2～FSR/2 is (if only measuring Doppler's frequency in a direction
Moving, its measurement scope is 0～FSR).When assuming FSR=1GHz, when wavelength is 1.5 μm, the wind speed of its correspondence
Measurement dynamic range is-375m/s～375m/s (being 0m/s～775m/s when one direction Doppler frequency shift moves).
Shown in Figure 4, scanning spectral line can be the reflectance spectrum of fiber F-P interferometer, and its principle is similar to.
Shown in Figure 5, it is possible to scanning simultaneously obtains transmission spectrum and the reflectance spectrum of fiber F-P interferometer, the present invention is preferably same
Shi Caiyong transmission spectrum and reflectance spectrum, thus increase the utilization rate of energy.
Data for actual measurement shown in Figure 6, the scanning voltage that scanning voltage curve is F-P interferometer controller shown in Fig. 6
Curve, its scanning voltage scope is-3.2V to-2.2V, and scanning step number is 40 steps, and each step time of staying is 3s, Mei Yibu
With reflected signal as shown in Figure 6, its transverse axis is detection range to the transmission signal being received back to, and the longitudinal axis is the number of photons being received back to.
Scanning the transmission spectrum of 40 steps acquisitions with reflectance spectrum as shown in Figure 6, its X-axis is scanning step number, and Y-axis is detection range, and Z axis is
The number of photons received.Transmission spectrum and reflectance spectrum are asked the most obtainable Q as shown in Figure 6 of Q=(aT-R)/(aT+R)
Value Spectral structure, wherein above one section compose for reference laser light, latter one section is aerosol scattering spectrum, by calculating echo spectrum
Heart frequency displacement can get final product inverting air wind speed information.
Described a kind of high spectral resolution Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer have as
Lower advantage:
1, the present invention uses 1.5 μm laser, and this wavelength has human eye maximum permitted exposure power maximum, atmospheric transmittance
The advantages such as high, communication band optical fibre device is ripe, all-fiber anemometry laser radar therefore developed has low cost, small-sized
The advantages such as change, intellectuality and efficient stable.
2, the anemometry laser radar that the present invention proposes uses scan-type fiber F-P interferometer, relevant compared to based on 1.5 μm
Anemometry laser radar system, it has, and detection range is remote, wind speed investigative range is big, distinguishable Doppler's symbol and distance point
The advantage that resolution is high.In coherent laser radar, its detection range is limited to coherence length, and its wind speed investigative range is subject to
It is limited to the bandwidth of detector, and the examination that just can complete Doppler's symbol need to be assisted by acousto-optic modulator.
3, the present invention uses single-photon detecting survey technology, i.e. uses incoherent technique to carry out the detection of atmospheric wind, by list
Photon detection technology can realize the detection to faint Received Signal.
4, all-fiber anemometry laser radar based on scanning F P interferometer that the present invention proposes, is particularly well-suited to strong wind quick-action
The detection of state scope, its wind speed investigative range is determined by the spacing (FSR) of freely composing of scan-type F-P interferometer, works as reference
When light frequency is positioned at the center of fiber F-P interferometer FSR, its Doppler search scope is-FSR/2～FSR/2.
5, the present invention proposes and uses reference light to carry out zero-frequency demarcation, is positioned at which of reference spectrum by examination back scattering spectrum
Side, thus the symbol extracting Doppler of convenience and high-efficiency.
6, the present invention make use of transmission signal and the reflected signal of fiber F-P interferometer jointly, it is to avoid energy in scanning process
Amount waste.
7, the high spectral resolution anemometry laser radar that the present invention proposes, on the one hand, be determined by the spectral line that scanning obtains
Heart position can be used for inverting atmospheric wind, on the other hand, can be used for studying atmospheric turbulance by the half-breadth of matching spectral line.
The above, the only present invention preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any those familiar with the art in the technical scope of present disclosure, the change that can readily occur in or replace
Change, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with claims
Protection domain is as the criterion.
Claims (10)
1. a Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser radar based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer, it is characterised in that bag
Include:
Laser pulse generation unit (10), transmitting-receiving telescope unit (20), background noise filter unit (40), light
Spectrum scanning element (50), single photon detection unit (60), data acquisition unit (70) and follow-up data inverting are with aobvious
Show unit (80)；Wherein:
Laser pulse generation unit (10) output detectable signal and reference signal；Detectable signal therein is through transmitting-receiving telescope
Unit (20) expands and subsequently points to atmospheric sounding, and is received echo-signal by transmitting-receiving telescope unit (20)；Described echo
Signal first filters unit (40) wiping out background noise through background noise；Described spectral scan unit (50) is to wiping out background
Echo-signal and reference signal after noise are extracted, and the optical signalling of extraction is entered by single photon detection unit (60)
Row detection, the signal of telecommunication that detection obtains is acquired record, finally by follow-up data by data acquisition unit (70)
Inverting and display unit (80) inverting and display air wind speed.
A kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser thunder based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer the most according to claim 1
Reach, it is characterised in that by directly Aerosol Size being carried out analysis of spectrum during inverting, can Simultaneous Inversion spectrum width and spectrum centre bit
Confidence ceases, and composes the change correspondence air Doppler shift information of center, i.e. wind speed information.
3. according to a kind of based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer the Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser described in claim 1,2
Radar, it is characterised in that also include:
Laser scan unit (30), for expanding pulsed light and sensing air when transmitting-receiving telescope unit (20)
After, atmospheric sounding is carried out laser three-dimensional scanning, thus realizes the detection of air wind vector.
4. swash according to a kind of based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer the Larger Dynamic Wind measurement described in claim 1,2,3
Optical radar, it is characterised in that
Described laser pulse generation unit (10) including: LASER Light Source (11), pulse generator (12), optical fiber divide
Bundle device (13), laser amplifier (14) and adjustable attenuator (15)；Wherein, LASER Light Source (11) outgoing
Laser is modulated into pulse by pulse generator (12), and the pulse of modulation is divided into two, wherein through fiber optic splitter (13)
One route described fiber optic splitter (13) b port through adjustable attenuator (15) process after as reference signal transmission to light
Spectrum scanning element (50), another route a port of described fiber optic splitter (13) after laser amplifier (14) processes
Transmit to receiving and dispatching telescope unit (20) as detectable signal；
Or, described laser pulse generation unit (10) including: LASER Light Source (11), pulse generator (12),
Fiber optic splitter (13), laser amplifier (14), optical fiber circulator (16) and time delay optical fiber (17)；Wherein,
The laser of LASER Light Source (11) outgoing is modulated into pulse by pulse generator (12), and the pulse of modulation is through fiber optic splitter
(13) it is divided into two, wherein one route the b port of described fiber optic splitter (13) through optical fiber circulator (16) and time delay
As reference signal transmission to spectral scan unit (50) after optical fiber (17) process, another route described fiber optic splitter
(13) a port transmits to receiving and dispatching telescope unit (20) as detectable signal after laser amplifier (14) processes.
A kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser thunder based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer the most according to claim 4
Reaching, it is characterised in that described LASER Light Source (11) is 1.5 μm laser instrument, pulse generator (13) is Electro-optical Modulation
Device EOM or acousto-optic modulator AOM, laser amplifier (14) is erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier EDFA.
A kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser thunder based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer the most according to claim 1
Reach, it is characterised in that including of described transmitting-receiving telescope unit (20): transmitter unit (21), reception unit
(22) and time delay optical fiber (23), transmitter unit (21) subsequently points to atmospheric sounding for expanding detectable signal；
Described reception unit (22) is used for receiving echo-signal；Described time delay optical fiber (23) is used for reference signal in time domain
Separate with echo-signal；
Wherein, described transmitting-receiving telescope is transmitting-receiving coaxial configuration, or transmit-receive off-axis structure.
A kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser thunder based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer the most according to claim 1
Reach, it is characterised in that described background noise filters unit (40) and is used for filtering the atmospheric background noise, and it includes optical fiber
Circulator (41) and Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (42), the wherein centre wavelength of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (42) and detection
Signal center's consistent wavelength.
A kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser thunder based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer the most according to claim 1
Reach, it is characterised in that described spectral scan unit (50) including: fiber optic splitter (51), optical fiber circulator
(52), scan-type fiber F-P interferometer (53), fiber F-P interferometer controller (54) and constant temperature and pressure device
(55)；Described reference signal first arrives fiber optic splitter (51) in time domain, from fiber optic splitter (51) outgoing
Signal first passes through a port of optical fiber circulator (52) and arrives scan-type fiber F-P interferometer (53), wherein scan-type light
The transmission signal of fine F-P interferometer (53) is directly entered single photon detection unit (60), scan-type fiber F-P interferometer
(53) reflected signal enters single photon detection unit (60) after returning optical fiber circulator (52) after b port outgoing；
Described constant temperature and pressure device (55) is used for guaranteeing that scan-type fiber F-P interferometer (53) works under constant temperature and pressure；
Wherein, before surveying wind, laser frequency is made to be positioned at by controlling the output voltage of fiber F-P interferometer controller (54)
Scan-type fiber F-P interferometer (53) freely composes the center of spacing, thus by differentiating atmospheric aerosol spectrum ginseng relatively
The position examining laser spectrum determines the symbol of air Doppler frequency shift.
A kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser thunder based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer the most according to claim 8
Reach, it is characterised in that described single photon detection unit (60) includes two single-photon detectors, receives scan-type respectively
The transmission signal of fiber F-P interferometer (53) and reflected signal；
Described single-photon detector can be superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, upper conversion single-photon detector or indium gallium arsenic list
Photon detector.
A kind of Larger Dynamic Wind measurement laser thunder based on all-fiber scanning F-P interferometer the most according to claim 9
Reach, it is characterised in that described data acquisition unit (70) includes two data acquisition units, independently connects a monochromatic light
Sub-detector.
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