CN201653421U - Liquid-suspension magnetic needle type compass - Google Patents
Liquid-suspension magnetic needle type compass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN201653421U CN201653421U CN2009202201141U CN200920220114U CN201653421U CN 201653421 U CN201653421 U CN 201653421U CN 2009202201141 U CN2009202201141 U CN 2009202201141U CN 200920220114 U CN200920220114 U CN 200920220114U CN 201653421 U CN201653421 U CN 201653421U
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Abstract
A liquid-suspension magnetic needle type compass relates to a simple measurement instrument for measuring azimuth angles, pitch angles and geomagnetic inclinations, aims to solve the problem that azimuth angles and pitch angles in areas close to earth north and south geomagnetic poles are difficult in measurement, simplifies measurement of pitch angles in a manner of changing intermittent reading into direct reading, and can be used for measuring geomagnetic inclinations of all area of the earth. A magnetic needle is disposed in a small container which is packed in a large container filled with liquid and can rotate freely. Horizontal scale marks and vertical scale marks are marked on the outer side of the containers. A plurality of balls are arranged between the large container and the small container so that the two containers can keep the same distance in each direction. The magnetic needle rotates freely in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction through a circular ring and an alidade by aid of adsorption of small magnets. The magnetic needle, centers of the balls between the large and small containers, and the standard horizontal scale marks and the small magnets are kept in the same plane. The liquid-suspension magnetic needle type compass used for measurement for roads, terrain and mine tunnels, and can also be used for measurement for recognizing directions for tourists and climbing and the like.
Description
1. technical field:
The utility model is a kind of simple and easy compass testing tool, relates to measured target at the position angle on the surface level and the angle of pitch on the vertical plane (angle of gradient).Be used for the gradient of road, the position angle of the aspects such as tunnel in the ore deposit and the measurement of the angle of pitch.
2. background technology:
(1). position angle: be meant in surface level the angle between straight line from the measurement point to the impact point and the north and south straight line.At present, the indication of the north and south straight line of box compass adopts the thimble-type compass, indicates surface level with level, adopts the mode of sight alignment from the measurement point to the impact point, promptly on two of instrument sighting gears 2 points arranged, and adds impact point, 3 in line.
(2). the angle of pitch: be meant on the vertical plane, respectively and the angle between the intersection of vertical plane by surface level and pitching face (gradient face).The long level of box compass at present,, cooperate special-purpose index dial, rotary dial makes the bubble of level be in the specified standard position, then reads the number of degrees of the angle of pitch on index dial indirectly, this method then requires the manufacturing accuracy height, but measuring error is big.
(3). level is based on terrestrial gravitation, allows the bubble of level mediate, and then represents the horizontality of measurement point.Compass is based on the magnetic line of force of the earth, compass is to indicate the geomagnetic chart linesofforce direction, geomagnetic chart linesofforce is a curve, vertically come out from earth north magnetic pole from the earth, through the equator, vertically enter the earth at earth south magnetic pole, near the under the line magnetic line of force is parallel with the earth, near the South Pole, the arctic, because the angle of the magnetic line of force and surface level is too big, the thimble-type compass can not be represented magnetic line of force direction effectively, has been found that at present, China sells near near the country South Pole, and general this box compass can not be measured effectively at present.
(4). the compass that has at present adopts the liquid suspension magnetic needle, by bulk container, small container, the bottom ball, needle is formed.
3. summary of the invention
(1). the technical matters that solve:
1.. require directly to read numerical value;
2.. require to measure the geomagnetic chart linesofforce inclination angle;
3.. require to make processing simply.
(2). technical scheme:
1.. the liquid suspension needle mode of compass employing is at present replaced thimble brace type mode in the at present general box compass, needle in the box compass adopts the liquid suspension formula, the needle small container of packing into, the small container bulk container of packing into, liquid is packed in the big small container, the same centre of sphere in sealing back, needle is in suspended state and can freely rotates.
2.. liquid level place in big small container, be carved with scale as level; At big or small outside of containers horizontal scale line and vertical scale line are arranged, mark standard level scale mark and standard vertical scale mark especially, both shared zero points.
3.. symmetry around the small container shell, some hemisphere face grooves are arranged, the ball of packing between the big small container of groove is used to guarantee the distance between the big small container, improves precision, reduces resistance.The bottom ball of packing at small container bottom groove place makes needle maintenance level.To remove the bottom ball when measuring the geomagnetic chart linesofforce inclination angle.
4.. in the bulk container outside 2 annulus and 2 sighting gears are housed, 2 annulus rotate respectively in the horizontal direction with on the vertical direction, and 2 sighting gears are used to measure straight line.On a sighting gear aperture is arranged, the little magnetite of the energy free access of packing into, little magnetite attract needle by annulus and sighting gear, can freely rotate with vertical direction in the horizontal direction.
5.. the effectively spherical centre of sphere, needle, little magnetite, the small container standard level scale mark partly of big small container is on the same plane.
(3). beneficial effect
In this technical scheme, the thimble of needle is supported, change needle into, needle can be rotated arbitrarily, utilize little magnetite to attract the effect of needle again, can effectively measure the position angle and the inclination angle of bowing by liquid suspension between the big small container.Make the needle in the small container keep horizontality by the bottom ball, when instrument is placed the slope, can read the angle of gradient immediately, need not employ any parts, very easy, when removing bottom ball and little magnetite, can measure the magnetic line of force inclination angle of earth various places, i.e. Dang Di magnetic line of force direction as an instrument.
4. description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the more comprehensive standard synoptic diagram of the ratio of liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass, is a diagrammatic cross-section.1 bulk container among the figure, 2. small container, 3. liquid, 4. little magnetite, 5. needle, 6. first sighting gear, 7. first annulus (only showing minor axis), 8. bottom ball, 9. subbase, 10. second annulus, 11. second sighting gears, 12. balls, 13. small circle rings.
5. embodiment
1). liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass (normal formula, embodiment 1)
(1). bulk container 1:
Bulk container 1 is a transparent vessel, and inside contains liquid, and the outside takes up alignment clamp.
The selection of liquid in the temperature range that regulation is used, makes not gasization of liquid, not solidification, and also liquid specific gravity do not have significant change, and liquid viscosity is little, and transparent.The bulk container sphere is defined as the standard water plane to the surface level by bulk container 1 centre of sphere when upright up and down, the circumference on the standard water plane is carved with the number of degrees (360 °), and other all parts are benchmark with the standard water plane all.With the orthogonal above-below direction of standard water plane scale, as earth longitude and latitude, be carved with ± 90 ° scale.The form of bulk container can be an arbitrary shape, but the shape of doing a globulate or a spherical part is better, in accompanying drawing 1 indicate, when the liquid suspension needle partly also is sphere, scale is more close, and bulk container 1 inside surface is smooth, spherical, and is hard and wear-resisting.Bulk container 1 is in liquid 3 and the 2 back sealings of needle small container of packing into.Above the standard water plane of bulk container 1, one or two the local marking that is parallel to the standard water plane goes out the limbus line, after bulk container 1 is packed liquid 3 and needle small container 2 into, make the top of bulk container 1 leave air space, make liquid level consistent with a limbus line, or be between two limbus lines, become a liquid level, be that the limbus line is consistent with liquid level the time, represent that then bulk container 1 is in horizontality, in the time of inconsistent, then represent that bulk container 1 is not in horizontality.Base 9 is equipped with in the bottom of bulk container 1, and the plane of base 9 is parallel with the standard water plane.For energy measurement 90 degree, make the support of base 9 that certain bending be arranged.Standard level scale mark and standard vertical scale mark shared zero point.
(2). the liquid suspension needle
It is aciculiform that needle 5 is made into two ends by the high-coercive force magnetic material, or two ends are cylindrical, or an end is that aciculiform one end is cylindrical, and two ends are two utmost points, and an end is a N utmost point guide, and an end be characterized in being difficult for demagnetization, and magnetic field intensity is big for the S utmost point refers to north.The needle end be cylindrical be for increasing magnetic field, allow the suction of little magnetite 4 and needle 5 much larger than telluric magnetic force and because other power that imbalance etc. produces.The method that needle 5 is suspended in liquid has two: be respectively needle small container method and compound substance needle method.Be needle small container method in the accompanying drawings.Choose that book wall slightly littler than bulk container 1 is most of to be spherical small container 2, the surface level that passes through small container 2 centre ofs sphere as the standard water plane, is placed needle 5 on the standard water plane of small container 2 and is fixed on the small container 2.Seal after in small container 2, containing partially liq, place the liquid of bulk container 1 again.By several balls 12 be symmetrical in container around and be distributed between the hemisphere face groove and bulk container 1 of small container 2 all directions, purpose is to reduce the friction force that produces when little magnetite 4 attracts needle 5, and allowing ball 12 keep the distance between bulk container 1 and the small container 2 to equate everywhere, ball 12 sizes will make the centre of sphere of bulk container 1 and the centre of sphere of small container 2 overlap also and can freely roll.Indicated in the accompanying drawing in four places of upper and lower of needle 5 and make small container 2 that four hemisphere face grooves be arranged, four balls 12 have been put into respectively between hemisphere face groove and the bulk container 1, can not drop out.The proportion of small container 2 that needle 5 and partially liq are housed is close with liquid 3 proportions; Ball always has the characteristics that are rolled into the Internal Spherical Surface minimum point, bottom ball 8 remains on minimum point and drives small container 2 and make needle 5 remain on horizontal direction sensing north and south, if because during the low well balance of technological level, to above the minimum point hemisphere face groove of small container 2, put a small circle ring 13, guarantee that bottom ball 8 remains on minimum point, when plain type need not the bottom removes this small circle ring 13 during ball 8 simultaneously.The standard water plane of small container 2 standard water planes and bulk container 1 is in same surface level.With the standard water plane is standard, in the outside of two utmost points of the needle 5 of small container 2, marks upwards 90 °, downward 90 ° scale, goes out 360 ° scale at small container standard water plane subscript simultaneously, and sensing place of needle 5 is a zero degree.Air space is left at top at small container 2, makes a liquid level as bulk container 1, marks the scale of liquid level.The centre of sphere of the big effective spherical part of small container, needle, little magnetite, small container standard level scale mark is on the same plane.
(3). alignment clamp.
Alignment clamp can utilize existing sighting gear, methods such as viewport, perpendicular line, reflective mirror.Be that example describes with the sighting gear device now.
At first give definition of annulus, around the center of circle or the centre of sphere, radius equates to have the annular object of certain cross sectional shape.
Lower side on the standard water plane of bulk container 1 is provided with a horizontal rail, and 7, the first annulus 7 horizontal slips on this track of first annulus are being set on this track, and the outside on 7 one diameter lines of first annulus is provided with two minor axises.Second annulus 10 relies on two minor axises around first annulus, 7 vertical rotation.Second annulus 10 is divided into equal two parts by two minor axis holes, first sighting gear 6 and second sighting gear 11 are installed in the center of every part, first sighting gear 6 and second sighting gear 11 are perpendicular to second annulus 10 and be positioned at homonymy, its height of observing part is a little more than main body bulk container 1 top, aperture of arranged outside at first sighting gear 6 (or second sighting gear), be used for the little magnetite 4 of access, the scale mark, needle 5, little magnetite 4 that make the standard water plane of bulk container 1 are on a surface level.Little magnetite 4 is to be used for attracting needle 5, make needle 5 under the attraction of little magnetite 4 with first annulus 7 and second annulus 11 rotational angle, need not be little take out little magnetite 4 magnetite 4 time, the magnetic field intensity of little magnetite 4 is greater than needle 5, and will be far longer than the intensity in magnetic field of the earth.When measuring, rotate little magnetite 4 and attract needles 5, make first sighting gear 6, second sighting gear 11, become straight line with target, can read the position angle and the inclination angle of bowing.The latch or the retaining device of an activity are set, are convenient to first annulus 7 and second annulus 11 coincidence in a surface level or separately rotation.In addition, first annulus 7 also can be arranged on the Z-axis of bulk container 1, other are also done suitably and change.
On material selection, to remove outside needle and the little magnetite, other all parts all can not be used the strong permeability magnetic material of iron.
(4). using method.
1.. the interception angle:
2.. survey the angle of pitch:
3.. survey the gradient
The base of liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass is directly placed on the slope on ground, the number of division of the vertical direction on this moment needle 5 indication bulk containers 1 is the gradient on this slope, also the scale of the intersection point of the standard water horizontal line of the scale of the vertical direction of needle small container 2 and bulk container 1 can be read the gradient into this slope.
2). simple and easy liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass I (embodiment 2):
Removing needle small container bottom ball 8 and small circle ring 13 in the normal formula basic structure of liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass promptly is simple and easy liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass I.The proportion that the small container 2 of needle is housed equates that with liquid specific gravity this moment, needle was not in the surface level direction, but with horizontal direction an angle was arranged, and this angle promptly is the geomagnetic chart linesofforce inclination angle.The same with the normal formula measurement of liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass, bulk container 1 is placed on the surface level, make its 0 degree the same with the sensing of needle, utilize 4,2 annulus of little magnetite, 2 sighting gears are measured the position angle and the inclination angle of bowing.With little magnetite 4 needle 5 is placed horizontal direction, the base of bulk container 1 is directly placed on the slope on ground and record the gradient.
3). simple and easy liquid suspension formula magnetic compass instrument II (embodiment 3)
Using method, simple and easy liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass II,, utilize the scale mark of the fluid level instrument of bulk container 1 with handing or placing ground, make bulk container 1 keep horizontality, at this moment, needle 5 indication vertical direction scale values are geomagnetic chart linesofforce inclination angle, this area.Make bulk container 1 keep horizontality, the zero graduation of bulk container 1 is aimed at needle 5 ends and kept motionless, hand-held little magnetite 4 attracts needle 5, make needle 5 be in horizontality, adjust the position of little magnetite 4, make little magnetite 4, needle 5, bulk container 1 top scale mark and target become straight line, at this moment. needle 5 indication number of divisions are the position angle or the inclination angle of bowing, the measurement of terrain slope, hand-held little magnetite 4 places horizontal direction with needle 5, the base of bulk container 1 is directly placed on the slope on ground and records the gradient.
4). simple and easy liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass III (embodiment 4)
Simple and easy liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass III is by bulk container 1, the compound substance needle, and ball 12 and little magnetite 4 are formed.
In addition, the lateral surface above bulk container 1, i.e. the scale on the corresponding standard water in top plane also engraves the scale mark of 360 ° of degree, promptly the positive center with the top is an area of a little dividing equally the top.Bulk container 1 is also made the scale mark of level.
At first introducing compound substance needle method, select the smaller light-duty solid material of a kind of proportion, also make needle-like, stick into one with needle, or needle is wrapped, both has been the compound substance needle.According to imitative bulk container 1 and 2 modes that ball is arranged of small container, at the two ends of compound substance needle the hemisphere face groove is housed, direction is outside, and ball is put between needle end hemisphere face groove and the bulk container 1.For avoiding in the influence aspect the geomagnetic chart linesofforce inclination angle, under needle, establish a connecting rod, a hemisphere face groove also is equipped with in the end of connecting rod, ball 12 is put between hemisphere face groove and the bulk container 1, the distance of the positive center to three of a needle ball is equated, the proportion of compound substance needle is identical with liquid specific gravity in the bulk container 1, and this compound substance needle just can suspend in liquid, and freely rotate, point to north and south in the horizontal direction.Needle, little magnetite, the standard level scale mark, the centre of sphere of bulk container spheroid part is in the same plane.Measuring method is copied the method for the normal formula of liquid suspension formula magnetic compass instrument, energy measurement position angle, the inclination angle of bowing, the gradient.
5). simple and easy liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass IV (embodiment 5)
Simple and easy liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass IV be on the basis of simple and easy liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass III by bulk container 1, the compound substance needle, needle two ends ball 12, little magnetite 4 is formed.There is not bottom ball 8.In addition, above bulk container 1, i.e. the scale on the corresponding standard water in top plane also engraves the scale mark of 360 ° of degree, promptly the positive center with the top is an area of a little dividing equally the top.Bulk container 1 is also made the scale mark of level.When the proportion of compound substance needle equated with the proportion of liquid 3, needle 5 pointed to earth ground magnet-wire.Measuring method is copied simple and easy liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass II, can measure the position angle, the inclination angle of bowing, the gradient.
6). when the magnetic compass instrument is measured in the past, be to keep the needle sensing constant, the rotation main part assigns to measure.This patent liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass is to attract needle to rotate with little magnetite, and that the bulk container main part is pointed to after fixing a direction is constant, and the former box compass of this point is not used.But it is constant also can to adopt needle to point to, and rotates bulk container and measures; Two kinds of methods can be used.
7). the advantage and the purposes of liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass:
(1). utilize the liquid suspension needle, big small container and ball, little magnetite are measured the position angle and are bowed that the inclination angle is former not to be had.There are not needle and push rod wear problem yet.
(2). can directly read numerical value.Because big small container and ball are easy on process technology accomplish that basic accuracy is than higher.
(3). do not use high precision part, make processing simply.
(4). can test geographical situation, road, the hillside, target direction angle in the mine laneway, the angle of pitch, the gradient, the geomagnetic chart linesofforce inclination angle is as compass.
(5). can be used as tourism supplies, easy to carry.
(6). it is constant that this patent using method promptly can use traditional needle to point to, and rotates main body; Also can main body point to constantly, rotate with little magnetite attraction needle.Two kinds of methods all can be used.
Claims (5)
1. liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass is characterized in that: the needle in the box compass adopts the liquid suspension formula, the needle small container of packing into, the small container bulk container of packing into, liquid is packed in the big small container, and with one heart, needle is in suspended state and freely rotates after the sealing; At big or small vessel level place, be carved with scale as level; At big or small outside of containers horizontal scale line and vertical scale line are arranged, mark standard level scale mark and standard vertical scale mark especially, both shared zero points; Symmetry has some hemisphere face grooves, the ball of packing into around the small container shell between the big small container of hemisphere face groove; The centre of sphere of the big effective spherical part of small container, needle, small container standard level scale mark is on the same plane; Hand-held little magnetite during use is as ordinary surveying.
2. liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: 2 annulus and 2 sighting gears are housed in the bulk container outside, on a sighting gear, aperture is arranged, the little magnetite of free access, little magnetite attracts needle by annulus and sighting gear, freely rotates in the horizontal direction with on the vertical direction; The centre of sphere of the big effective spherical part of small container, needle, little magnetite, small container standard level scale mark is on the same plane; Be used for measuring bow inclination angle, position angle, geomagnetic chart linesofforce inclination angle.
3. liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the bottom ball of packing at small container bottom groove place; Be used to measure the position angle, the inclination angle of bowing.
4. liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: remove needle, small container and ball, use the compound substance needle instead, its proportion and liquid specific gravity equate, compound substance is suspended in the bulk container in the liquid, the hemisphere face groove respectively is equipped with at the two ends of compound substance needle, direction is outside, and the identical ball of respectively packing between hemisphere face groove and bulk container will have pointer can point out scale position on the bulk container at two ends; Pin magnetic, the standard level scale mark, the centre of sphere of bulk container spheroid part is in the same plane; Hand-held magnetite is measured.
5. liquid suspension magnetic needle box compass according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: under the central part of compound substance needle, establish a connecting rod, a hemisphere face groove also is equipped with on the following top of connecting rod, the bottom ball of packing between this hemisphere face groove and bulk container; In the bulk container outside 2 annulus and 2 sighting gears are housed, on a sighting gear aperture are arranged, the little magnetite of free access, little magnetite attract needle by annulus and sighting gear, freely rotate with vertical direction in the horizontal direction; Pin magnetic, little magnetite, the standard level scale mark, the centre of sphere of bulk container spheroid part is in the same plane; Be used to measure the position angle and the inclination angle of bowing.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009202201141U CN201653421U (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2009-10-26 | Liquid-suspension magnetic needle type compass |
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| CN2009202201141U CN201653421U (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2009-10-26 | Liquid-suspension magnetic needle type compass |
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| CN2009202201141U Expired - Fee Related CN201653421U (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2009-10-26 | Liquid-suspension magnetic needle type compass |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102175232A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2011-09-07 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Geological compass |
| CN103234532A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2013-08-07 | 黄铭 | A digital liquid floating compass and a measurement method for attitude angles by using the same |
| CN105509718A (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-04-20 | 莱卡地球系统公开股份有限公司 | Surveying device having ball-point bearing |
| CN106500656A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-03-15 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Centre-of-gravity structural plane strike-dip survey instrument |
| CN106767674A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-31 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Structural plane strike-dip survey instrument |
| CN107822638A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-03-23 | 郑州市第二人民医院 | One kind strabismus and nystagmus head level detecting apparatus and method |
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| CN113970313A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-25 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Device for simply measuring joint occurrence of rock mass and measuring method thereof |
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2009
- 2009-10-26 CN CN2009202201141U patent/CN201653421U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102175232A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2011-09-07 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Geological compass |
| CN102175232B (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2013-02-13 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Geological compass |
| CN103234532A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2013-08-07 | 黄铭 | A digital liquid floating compass and a measurement method for attitude angles by using the same |
| CN103234532B (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2016-03-30 | 黄铭 | Digital liquid is floated magnetic compass and is measured the method for attitude angle |
| US10126124B2 (en) | 2014-10-10 | 2018-11-13 | Leica Geosystems Ag | Surveying device having ball-point bearing |
| CN105509718B (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2018-06-29 | 莱卡地球系统公开股份有限公司 | Measuring device with ball point bearing |
| CN105509718A (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-04-20 | 莱卡地球系统公开股份有限公司 | Surveying device having ball-point bearing |
| CN106500656A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-03-15 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Centre-of-gravity structural plane strike-dip survey instrument |
| CN106767674A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-31 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Structural plane strike-dip survey instrument |
| CN106767674B (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2023-03-10 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Instrument for measuring attitude of structural plane |
| CN106500656B (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2023-03-14 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Gravity center type structural plane attitude measuring instrument |
| CN107822638A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-03-23 | 郑州市第二人民医院 | One kind strabismus and nystagmus head level detecting apparatus and method |
| CN110440776A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-11-12 | 张王宇函 | A kind of three axis self-calibration compass |
| CN113970313A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-25 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Device for simply measuring joint occurrence of rock mass and measuring method thereof |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20101124 Termination date: 20131026 |