CN102175232A

CN102175232A - Geological compass

Info

Publication number: CN102175232A
Application number: CN 201110054119
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄磊; 唐辉明; 葛云峰; 张延志
Original assignee: China University of Geosciences Wuhan
Current assignee: China University of Geosciences Wuhan
Priority date: 2011-03-08
Filing date: 2011-03-08
Publication date: 2011-09-07
Anticipated expiration: 2031-03-08
Also published as: CN102175232B

Abstract

A geological compass, comprising a base, a sight, an azimuth dial, a goniometer and a hemispherical transparent cover; the sight is arranged on the side of the base and has two tips at the same horizontal line; the top surface of the base is opened with a hemispherical Groove, the diameter of the groove is the same as the inner diameter of the transparent cover, and there is a floating liquid in it; the azimuth dial is a disc with magnetic poles and floats on the floating liquid; the transparent cover is arranged above the groove and sealed with the top surface of the base Connection; there is an alignment line on the transparent cover, and the alignment line is half a great circle passing through the top of the transparent cover, and the plane where the alignment line is located is parallel to the straight line where the two tips of the sight are located; the goniometer is a ring marked with a scale and It is set in the space surrounded by the transparent cover and the groove, the top end of the transparent cover and the bottom end of the groove are provided with a rotating shaft, and the upper and lower ends of the goniometer are respectively hinged to the rotating shaft; the straight line where the rotating shaft is located separates the goniometer into Of the two half-rings, one is heavier than the other. The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and accurate measurement.

Description

A kind of geologic compass

Technical field

The invention belongs to the geologic survey field, be specifically related in geologic examination, be used for a kind of geologic compass of measuring position, orientation, occurrence, the gradient and aspect etc.

Background technology

Geologic compass has crucial meaning in geological work, be called as one of three treasured of geologist.The geologic compass pattern is a lot, but its structure is consistent substantially.People use always is circle benzvalene form geologic compass, and it is installed in copper, aluminium or the wooden round basin by several parts such as needle, index dial, tiltmeter, aiming board, levels forms.The sand smeller is in the face of various geology entities, though its structural type, the origin cause of formation, scale and form vary, from geometrically, its basic structure can reduce linear structure and planar structure.Accordingly, geologic compass is divided into to the measurement of linear structure occurrence with to the measurement of planar structure occurrence the measurement of each geology entity.Mainly there is following defective in the tradition geologic compass to the measurement of above-mentioned two class formations.

(1) angle of pitch of measurement linear structure easily produces error.The occurrence of measuring linear structure mainly is that it is pitched to the measurement at (as the position angle) and angle of pitch (as the elevation angle and the angle of depression).When adopting traditional geology lining angle of pitch, need to aim at linear structure with alignment clamp, but manually-operated tradition geologic compass can't guarantee that the compass bottom surface is in the vertical plane at linear structure place, and the compass bottom surface is when departing from the vertical plane at linear structure place, can produce the measuring error of angle of pitch, so generally can only schematically measure.

Complex operation when (2) measuring the occurrence of planar structure, the inclination angle easily produces measuring error.Surveyed tendency back and measured the inclination angle and need rib on the long limit of geologic compass and aspect be close to and rotate compass then, geologic compass easily is offset in switching process, can produce the measurement of dip angle error.

(3) pitching of linear structure needs to measure at twice to tendency and inclination angle with angle of pitch, planar structure, and needs to use circular bubble and pipe level to be adjusted to level, its complex operation, inefficiency, and the error of manual adjustments level is bigger.

(4) when measuring the occurrence of the low rock stratum roof plate that inclines, the space is little and dark between Luo Gai and sieve body, the reading difficulty.

Summary of the invention

Technical matters to be solved by this invention just provides a kind of geologic compass, and its simple structure, simple operation, measurement are accurate.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of geologic compass provided by the invention comprises base, alignment clamp, azimuth circle, clinometer rule and hemispheric translucent cover; Described alignment clamp is arranged at the side of base and has two and is positioned at same horizontal tip; The end face of described base has hemispherical groove, and the diameter of groove is identical with described translucent cover internal diameter, is provided with supernatant liquid in the groove; Described azimuth circle is to have the disk of magnetic pole and float on the supernatant liquid; Described translucent cover is arranged at groove top and is tightly connected with the end face of base; Translucent cover is provided with alignment line, and described alignment line is half great circle through the translucent cover top, and plane, alignment line place and two most advanced and sophisticated places of alignment clamp straight line parallel; Described clinometer rule be indicate the annulus of scale and be arranged at translucent cover and space that groove surrounds in, be provided with rotating shaft through the top of translucent cover and the bottom of groove, the upper and lower end of clinometer rule is hinged with described rotating shaft respectively; In two semicircular ring that rotating shaft place straight line is separated into clinometer rule, a semicircular ring is heavy than another semicircular ring.

In the technique scheme, described alignment clamp is for being arranged at the base side and being positioned at same horizontal a pair of projection, and the front end of described projection is most advanced and sophisticated.

Further, described base side has notch, and it is interior and hinged by register pin and base that described projection is arranged at notch.

In the technique scheme, described supernatant liquid is a mercury, and described azimuth circle is the disk of magnetic material.

In the technique scheme, described supernatant liquid is a water, and described azimuth circle is the disk that is bonded with the magnetic material of light material.

In the technique scheme, the scale on the described azimuth circle marks in the direction of the clock, and 0 ° of scale mark place is the magnet N utmost point, and 180 ° of scale mark places are the magnet S utmost point.

Further, 180 of described azimuth circle ° of scale mark one ends are heavy than 0 ° of scale mark one end.

In the technique scheme, described rotating shaft is for being arranged at a pair of step-like cylinder of translucent cover top and groove bottom respectively.

In the technique scheme, described base is that the bottom surface is foursquare rectangular parallelepiped.

Compare with traditional geologic compass, beneficial effect of the present invention is:

Conventional compass can produce the measuring error of angle of pitch when 1) measuring linear structure, and is especially bigger for the high linear structure error of inclining; The mode of the present invention by adopting the clinometer rule center line to overlap with alignment line is in the vertical plane at linear structure place clinometer rule, and that this mode is operated is simple and easy, error is little;

2) traditional geologic compass need be regulated circular bubble and pipe level, because there is error in manual adjustments itself, final error can be propagated, and causes the error of measurement result bigger; Geologic compass of the present invention need not level, the supernatant liquid liquid level can thereby maintenance level assurance azimuth circle level, clinometer rule can remain under action of gravity in the vertical plane at linear structure place automatically automatically under action of gravity when carrying out the measurement of linear structure, like this, when the clinometer rule center line overlapped with alignment line, reading was just for pitching to (position angle), angle of pitch (pitch angle); Similarly, the measurement of planar structure also need not the manual adjustment level, thereby because the supernatant liquid liquid level can maintenance level assurance azimuth circle level, clinometer rule can remain under action of gravity in the vertical plane at tendency place automatically automatically under action of gravity.Whole device is not only simple in structure, and need not the manual adjustment level, has reduced error propagation, improves accuracy and the efficient measured;

3) pitching of linear structure to, angle of pitch, the tendency of planar structure, inclination angle, traditional geologic compass needs survey measurements at twice, and the present invention is disposable survey measurements, has significantly improved work efficiency;

4) when measuring the occurrence of the low rock stratum roof plate that inclines, use conventional compass, the space is little and dark between Luo Gai and sieve body, the reading difficulty.And when using the present invention to measure, be used for the bearding plate of reading and clinometer rule all towards the gauger, there are enough spaces and bright light to carry out reading.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a front view embodiment illustrated in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is the left view of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is the E-E cut-open view of Fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is the scale spread figure of clinometer rule among Fig. 1.

Among the figure: 1-base, 2-alignment clamp, 3-supernatant liquid, 4-azimuth circle, 5-clinometer rule (wherein: 5.1-center line), 6-alignment line, 7-rotating shaft, 8-translucent cover, 9-register pin.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing a specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.

As shown in the figure, a kind of geologic compass of the present invention comprises base 1, alignment clamp 2, supernatant liquid 3, azimuth circle 4, clinometer rule 5 and translucent cover 8.

Wherein: base 1 adopts damping, antiseep, wear-resisting, not yielding, lightweight, weak magnetic or non-magnetic material, makes as hard PVC, PSU etc.The bottom surface of base 1 is rectangular rectangular parallelepiped for square, side, and the end face of base 1 has the hemispherical groove that diameter is translucent cover 8 internal diameter sizes.

Alignment clamp 2 can adopt wear-resisting, not yielding, high-intensity material for being symmetricly set in a pair of projection in two notches in base 1 side, makes as organic glass etc.The front end of projection is that tip, rear end are hinged by register pin 9 and base.During use, a pair of projection can screw out and its tip is positioned on the same horizontal line, can screw in the notch of base after the use, is easy to carry and protects its tip.

Supernatant liquid 3 is filled in the hemispherical groove of base 1, adopt density big (for floating azimuth circle 4), viscosity is little, boiling point is high, solidifying point is low, have good stability and lubricity, to the non-corrosive liquid of translucent cover 8 inner parts.For example: when supernatant liquid 3 adopted mercury, azimuth circle 4 was that the disk of common magnetic material gets final product; When supernatant liquid adopts water, light material such as bonding foam below the magnetic material, the average density of guaranteeing azimuth circle 4 is less than supernatant liquid 3 density.

The disk that azimuth circle 4 is made for the magnetic material of low severe, the erosion of antidetonation anti-impact, it float on supernatant liquid 3 liquid levels and diameter more smaller than groove diameter.Indicate scale on the azimuth circle 4 in the direction of the clock, its minimum scale is 1 °, and 0 ° of scale mark place is the magnet N utmost point, and 180 ° of scale mark places are the magnet S utmost point.Because China is positioned at the Northern Hemisphere, the suffered magnetic force in magnet two ends does not wait, and for preventing azimuth circle 4 out of trim, makes 180 ° of ends of index dial heavy slightly than 0 ° of end.

Translucent cover 8 is hemispheric hollow cap, and translucent cover 8 is arranged at the groove top, encloses a diameter of Spherical Volume with groove.For preventing the leakage of supernatant liquid 3, translucent cover 8 is tightly connected with the end face employing of base 1.Translucent cover 8 inwalls are carved with alignment line 6.This alignment line 6 is half great circle through translucent cover 8 tops, base 1 parallel sided at alignment clamp 2 places in alignment line plane, 6 place and the present embodiment.For ease of reading, alignment line 6 is made as redness in the present embodiment.

Clinometer rule 5 is for having the thin wall circular of certain width, adopts the erosion of antidetonation anti-impact, not yielding, weak magnetic or nonmagnetic (prevent attract each other cause read untrue with azimuth circle 4) transparent material, and for example organic glass etc. is made.Evenly indicate scale on the clinometer rule 5, its minimum scale is 1 °, and the centre is a center line 5.1, is used for aiming at alignment line 6.Clinometer rule 5 is positioned at the diameter of Spherical Volume that translucent cover 8 and groove are enclosed, be provided with a pair of step-like cylinder as rotating shaft 7 on translucent cover 8 tops and groove bottom, one end of step-like cylinder and translucent cover 8 tops or the groove bottom is connected, the perforate clearance fit on the other end and the clinometer rule 5 are so that clinometer rule 5 can 7 freely rotate around the shaft.In two semicircular ring that rotating shaft 7 place straight lines are separated into clinometer rule 5, a semicircular ring is heavy than another semicircular ring, for ease of distinguishing, two semicircular ring can be arranged to different colors, in the present embodiment, a semicircular ring is light green color (filling part among Fig. 6), another semicircular ring colourless (among Fig. 6 not filling part), and green portion is heavier.

The method of operating and the principle of work of present embodiment are as follows.

(1) measures linear structure.

Using method:

A) measure linear structure pitch to and angle of pitch.At first use two most advanced and sophisticated aiming linear structures to be measured of alignment clamp 2, be rotating shaft with alignment clamp 2 most advanced and sophisticated place straight lines again, whole device is rotated around it, overlap with alignment line 6 on the translucent cover 8 to the center line 5.1 of clinometer rule 5, reading is a magnetic azimuth on the azimuth circle 4 of clinometer rule 5 light green color part center lines indication this moment A °, reading is on the clinometer rule 5 of supernatant liquid 3 liquid levels indication B °, then pitch to= A °-magnetic declination, angle of pitch= B °

B) the measurement target thing is with respect to own or own position angle and the elevation angle (or angle of depression) with respect to object, can both be abstract for measuring position angle and the elevation angle (or angle of depression) of a ray, when object during with respect to oneself, the ray starting point is oneself, direction definite object thing; During with respect to object, the ray starting point is an object when own, and direction is pointed to oneself.At first use two most advanced and sophisticated aiming rays of alignment clamp 2, be rotating shaft with alignment clamp 2 most advanced and sophisticated place straight lines again, whole device is rotated around it, overlap with alignment line 6 on the translucent cover 8 to the center line 5.1 of clinometer rule 5, because of rotating shaft 7 is divided into two parts with clinometer rule 5, so reading has two, only read here apart from azimuth circle 4 readings of ray starting point part center line 5.1 indications far away A °Get final product, reading is on the indicated clinometer rule 5 of supernatant liquid 3 liquid levels B °, then the position angle= A °-magnetic declination, the elevation angle (or angle of depression)= B °

Principle: the pitching of straight line to being the position angle that straight line points to the projection on surface level of underground direction, angle of pitch is the angle of straight line projection and this straight line on surface level, be the angle of this straight line and surface level in the vertical plane of straight line place, also equal the complementary angle of the angle of the normal of interior this straight line of straight line place vertical plane and surface level.Because rotating shaft 7 place straight line perseverances are normals of straight line to be measured, clinometer rule 5 perseverances are in the vertical plane of straight line to be measured; Permanent plane, plane, alignment line 6 place for rotating shaft 7 and straight line to be measured formation.So when alignment line 6 overlapped with the center line 5.1 of clinometer rule 5, the normal of straight line to be measured was in the vertical plane at straight line to be measured place.This moment normal, straight line to be measured, pitch in same vertical plane, and the angle that satisfies normal and surface level is the complementary angle of angle of pitch; The liquid level of supernatant liquid 3 and azimuth circle 4 perseverances are in horizontality, and the reading of clinometer rule 5 is complementary angles of normal and horizontal plane angle.So when alignment line 6 overlapped with clinometer rule 5 center lines 5.1, clinometer rule 5 readings were angle of pitch, the center line 5.1 of clinometer rule 5 is positioned at the vertical plane at straight line to be measured place, and this moment, azimuth circle 4 readings of indication were magnetic azimuth.

(2) tendency and the inclination angle of the planar structure of measurement.

Using method:

Rock stratum base plate or top board are close in this device bottom surface, and the reading on the azimuth circle 4 of center line 5.1 indications of clinometer rule 5 light green colors part is a magnetic azimuth A °, the reading on the indicated clinometer rule 5 of the liquid level of supernatant liquid 3 is B °, then be inclined to= A °-magnetic declination, the inclination angle= B °

Principle: the tendency of rock stratum is the position angle of normal projection on surface level of level rock, and the inclination angle is the normal of level rock and the complementary angle of horizontal plane angle.Because the liquid level perseverance of azimuth circle 4 and supernatant liquid 3 is in horizontality, rotating shaft 7 place straight line perseverances are the normal of level rock, center line 5.1 perseverances of clinometer rule 5 are in vertical plane, and rotating shaft 7 is positioned on the plane, center line 5.1 place of clinometer rule 5, so the reading of the azimuth circle 4 of center line 5.1 indications of clinometer rule 5 is a magnetic azimuth, the reading of the clinometer rule 5 that the liquid level of supernatant liquid 3 is indicated is the inclination angle.

Protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the foregoing description.Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and distortion and do not depart from the scope of the present invention and spirit the present invention.For example: alignment clamp 2 is not limited to the structure of above-mentioned a pair of projection, as long as have a pair of tip parallel with the bottom surface of base 1; Supernatant liquid 3 also is not limited to above-mentioned mercury or water, as long as can float azimuth circle 4 and viscosity is little, boiling point is high, solidifying point is low, have good stability and lubricity, just can reach the technology of the present invention effect to the miscellaneous part non-corrosiveness; The shape of base 1, rotating shaft 7 also is not limited to rectangular parallelepiped, step-like cylinder etc. respectively.If these changes and distortion belong in the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention also is intended to comprise these changes and is out of shape interior.

Claims

1. A geological compass, characterized in that: it comprises a base (1), a sight (2), an azimuth dial (4), a goniometer (5) and a hemispherical transparent cover (8); The device (2) is arranged on the side of the base (1) and has two pointed points on the same horizontal line; the top surface of the base (1) has a hemispherical groove, and the diameter of the groove is the same as that of the transparent cover (8) The inner diameters are the same, and a float (3) is provided in the groove; the azimuth dial (4) is a disc with magnetic poles and floats on the float (3); the transparent cover (8) is set above the groove And it is sealed and connected with the top surface of the base (1); the alignment line (6) is provided on the transparent cover (8), and the alignment line (6) is half a big circle passing through the top of the transparent cover (8), and is aligned with the The plane where the alignment line (6) is located is parallel to the straight line where the two tips of the collimator (2) are located; the goniometer (5) is a ring marked with a scale and is set in the space surrounded by the transparent cover (8) and the groove Inside, a rotating shaft (7) is provided on the top of the transparent cover (8) and the bottom of the groove, and the upper and lower ends of the goniometer (5) are hinged to the rotating shaft (7) respectively; the straight line where the rotating shaft (7) is located will Of the two semicircular rings that the goniometer (5) divides, one semicircular ring is heavier than the other semicircular ring.

2. A geological compass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the collimator (2) is a pair of bumps arranged on the side of the base (1) and located on the same horizontal line, the front ends of the bumps are cutting edge.

3. A geological compass according to claim 2, characterized in that: a notch is formed on the side of the base (1), and the protrusion is arranged in the notch and is hinged to the base through a positioning pin (9).

4. A geological compass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the buoyant liquid (3) is mercury, and the azimuth dial (4) is a disc made of magnetic material.

5. A geological compass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the buoyant liquid (3) is water, and the azimuth dial (4) is bonded with light materials disk of magnetic material.

6. A geological compass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the scale on the azimuth dial (4) is marked clockwise, and the 0° scale line is a magnet The N pole, the 180° scale line is the S pole of the magnet.

7. A geological compass according to claim 6, characterized in that: the end of the 180° scale line of the azimuth dial (4) is heavier than the end of the 0° scale line.

8. A geological compass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the rotating shaft (7) is a pair of stepped steps respectively arranged on the top of the transparent cover (8) and the bottom of the groove column.

9. A geological compass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the base (1) is a cuboid with a square bottom.