CN102175232A - Geological compass - Google Patents
Geological compass Download PDFInfo
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- CN102175232A CN102175232A CN 201110054119 CN201110054119A CN102175232A CN 102175232 A CN102175232 A CN 102175232A CN 201110054119 CN201110054119 CN 201110054119 CN 201110054119 A CN201110054119 A CN 201110054119A CN 102175232 A CN102175232 A CN 102175232A
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- groove
- base
- translucent cover
- geologic compass
- azimuth circle
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Abstract
The invention discloses a geological compass which comprises a base, a sighting device, an azimuth circle, an angle meter and a semi-spherical transparent cover, wherein the sighting device is arranged at the side surface of the base and provided with two sharp ends positioned in the same horizontal line; the top surface of the base is provided with a semi-spherical groove, the diameter of the groove is same as the inner diameter of the transparent cover, and the groove is internally provided with floating liquid; the azimuth circle is a disk with magnetic poles and floated on the floating liquid; the transparent cover is arranged above the groove and connected with the top surface of the base in a sealing manner; an alignment line is arranged on the transparent cover and is half of a large circle passing through the top end of the transparent cover, and the plane where the alignment line is in is parallel with a straight line where the two sharp ends are in; the angle meter is a circle marked with scales and is arranged in a space enclosed by the transparent cover and the groove, rotating shafts are arranged at the top end of the transparent cover and the bottom end of the groove, and the upper end and the lower end of the angle meter are respectively hinged with the rotating shafts; and the straight line where the rotating shaft is separates the angle meter into two semicircular rings, and one semicircular ring is heavier than the other semicircular ring. The geological compass has the advantages of simple construction, convenience for operation and accuracy in measurement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the geologic survey field, be specifically related in geologic examination, be used for a kind of geologic compass of measuring position, orientation, occurrence, the gradient and aspect etc.
Background technology
Geologic compass has crucial meaning in geological work, be called as one of three treasured of geologist.The geologic compass pattern is a lot, but its structure is consistent substantially.People use always is circle benzvalene form geologic compass, and it is installed in copper, aluminium or the wooden round basin by several parts such as needle, index dial, tiltmeter, aiming board, levels forms.The sand smeller is in the face of various geology entities, though its structural type, the origin cause of formation, scale and form vary, from geometrically, its basic structure can reduce linear structure and planar structure.Accordingly, geologic compass is divided into to the measurement of linear structure occurrence with to the measurement of planar structure occurrence the measurement of each geology entity.Mainly there is following defective in the tradition geologic compass to the measurement of above-mentioned two class formations.
(1) angle of pitch of measurement linear structure easily produces error.The occurrence of measuring linear structure mainly is that it is pitched to the measurement at (as the position angle) and angle of pitch (as the elevation angle and the angle of depression).When adopting traditional geology lining angle of pitch, need to aim at linear structure with alignment clamp, but manually-operated tradition geologic compass can't guarantee that the compass bottom surface is in the vertical plane at linear structure place, and the compass bottom surface is when departing from the vertical plane at linear structure place, can produce the measuring error of angle of pitch, so generally can only schematically measure.
Complex operation when (2) measuring the occurrence of planar structure, the inclination angle easily produces measuring error.Surveyed tendency back and measured the inclination angle and need rib on the long limit of geologic compass and aspect be close to and rotate compass then, geologic compass easily is offset in switching process, can produce the measurement of dip angle error.
(3) pitching of linear structure needs to measure at twice to tendency and inclination angle with angle of pitch, planar structure, and needs to use circular bubble and pipe level to be adjusted to level, its complex operation, inefficiency, and the error of manual adjustments level is bigger.
(4) when measuring the occurrence of the low rock stratum roof plate that inclines, the space is little and dark between Luo Gai and sieve body, the reading difficulty.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention just provides a kind of geologic compass, and its simple structure, simple operation, measurement are accurate.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of geologic compass provided by the invention comprises base, alignment clamp, azimuth circle, clinometer rule and hemispheric translucent cover; Described alignment clamp is arranged at the side of base and has two and is positioned at same horizontal tip; The end face of described base has hemispherical groove, and the diameter of groove is identical with described translucent cover internal diameter, is provided with supernatant liquid in the groove; Described azimuth circle is to have the disk of magnetic pole and float on the supernatant liquid; Described translucent cover is arranged at groove top and is tightly connected with the end face of base; Translucent cover is provided with alignment line, and described alignment line is half great circle through the translucent cover top, and plane, alignment line place and two most advanced and sophisticated places of alignment clamp straight line parallel; Described clinometer rule be indicate the annulus of scale and be arranged at translucent cover and space that groove surrounds in, be provided with rotating shaft through the top of translucent cover and the bottom of groove, the upper and lower end of clinometer rule is hinged with described rotating shaft respectively; In two semicircular ring that rotating shaft place straight line is separated into clinometer rule, a semicircular ring is heavy than another semicircular ring.
In the technique scheme, described alignment clamp is for being arranged at the base side and being positioned at same horizontal a pair of projection, and the front end of described projection is most advanced and sophisticated.
Further, described base side has notch, and it is interior and hinged by register pin and base that described projection is arranged at notch.
In the technique scheme, described supernatant liquid is a mercury, and described azimuth circle is the disk of magnetic material.
In the technique scheme, described supernatant liquid is a water, and described azimuth circle is the disk that is bonded with the magnetic material of light material.
In the technique scheme, the scale on the described azimuth circle marks in the direction of the clock, and 0 ° of scale mark place is the magnet N utmost point, and 180 ° of scale mark places are the magnet S utmost point.
Further, 180 of described azimuth circle ° of scale mark one ends are heavy than 0 ° of scale mark one end.
In the technique scheme, described rotating shaft is for being arranged at a pair of step-like cylinder of translucent cover top and groove bottom respectively.
In the technique scheme, described base is that the bottom surface is foursquare rectangular parallelepiped.
Compare with traditional geologic compass, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Conventional compass can produce the measuring error of angle of pitch when 1) measuring linear structure, and is especially bigger for the high linear structure error of inclining; The mode of the present invention by adopting the clinometer rule center line to overlap with alignment line is in the vertical plane at linear structure place clinometer rule, and that this mode is operated is simple and easy, error is little;
2) traditional geologic compass need be regulated circular bubble and pipe level, because there is error in manual adjustments itself, final error can be propagated, and causes the error of measurement result bigger; Geologic compass of the present invention need not level, the supernatant liquid liquid level can thereby maintenance level assurance azimuth circle level, clinometer rule can remain under action of gravity in the vertical plane at linear structure place automatically automatically under action of gravity when carrying out the measurement of linear structure, like this, when the clinometer rule center line overlapped with alignment line, reading was just for pitching to (position angle), angle of pitch (pitch angle); Similarly, the measurement of planar structure also need not the manual adjustment level, thereby because the supernatant liquid liquid level can maintenance level assurance azimuth circle level, clinometer rule can remain under action of gravity in the vertical plane at tendency place automatically automatically under action of gravity.Whole device is not only simple in structure, and need not the manual adjustment level, has reduced error propagation, improves accuracy and the efficient measured;
3) pitching of linear structure to, angle of pitch, the tendency of planar structure, inclination angle, traditional geologic compass needs survey measurements at twice, and the present invention is disposable survey measurements, has significantly improved work efficiency;
4) when measuring the occurrence of the low rock stratum roof plate that inclines, use conventional compass, the space is little and dark between Luo Gai and sieve body, the reading difficulty.And when using the present invention to measure, be used for the bearding plate of reading and clinometer rule all towards the gauger, there are enough spaces and bright light to carry out reading.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view embodiment illustrated in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the left view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the E-E cut-open view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is the scale spread figure of clinometer rule among Fig. 1.
Among the figure: 1-base, 2-alignment clamp, 3-supernatant liquid, 4-azimuth circle, 5-clinometer rule (wherein: 5.1-center line), 6-alignment line, 7-rotating shaft, 8-translucent cover, 9-register pin.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing a specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in the figure, a kind of geologic compass of the present invention comprises base 1, alignment clamp 2, supernatant liquid 3, azimuth circle 4, clinometer rule 5 and translucent cover 8.
Wherein: base 1 adopts damping, antiseep, wear-resisting, not yielding, lightweight, weak magnetic or non-magnetic material, makes as hard PVC, PSU etc.The bottom surface of base 1 is rectangular rectangular parallelepiped for square, side, and the end face of base 1 has the hemispherical groove that diameter is translucent cover 8 internal diameter sizes.
The disk that azimuth circle 4 is made for the magnetic material of low severe, the erosion of antidetonation anti-impact, it float on supernatant liquid 3 liquid levels and diameter more smaller than groove diameter.Indicate scale on the azimuth circle 4 in the direction of the clock, its minimum scale is 1 °, and 0 ° of scale mark place is the magnet N utmost point, and 180 ° of scale mark places are the magnet S utmost point.Because China is positioned at the Northern Hemisphere, the suffered magnetic force in magnet two ends does not wait, and for preventing azimuth circle 4 out of trim, makes 180 ° of ends of index dial heavy slightly than 0 ° of end.
The method of operating and the principle of work of present embodiment are as follows.
(1) measures linear structure.
Using method:
A) measure linear structure pitch to and angle of pitch.At first use two most advanced and sophisticated aiming linear structures to be measured of alignment clamp 2, be rotating shaft with alignment clamp 2 most advanced and sophisticated place straight lines again, whole device is rotated around it, overlap with alignment line 6 on the translucent cover 8 to the center line 5.1 of clinometer rule 5, reading is a magnetic azimuth on the azimuth circle 4 of clinometer rule 5 light green color part center lines indication this moment
A °, reading is on the clinometer rule 5 of supernatant liquid 3 liquid levels indication
B °, then pitch to=
A °-magnetic declination, angle of pitch=
B °
B) the measurement target thing is with respect to own or own position angle and the elevation angle (or angle of depression) with respect to object, can both be abstract for measuring position angle and the elevation angle (or angle of depression) of a ray, when object during with respect to oneself, the ray starting point is oneself, direction definite object thing; During with respect to object, the ray starting point is an object when own, and direction is pointed to oneself.At first use two most advanced and sophisticated aiming rays of alignment clamp 2, be rotating shaft with alignment clamp 2 most advanced and sophisticated place straight lines again, whole device is rotated around it, overlap with alignment line 6 on the translucent cover 8 to the center line 5.1 of clinometer rule 5, because of rotating shaft 7 is divided into two parts with clinometer rule 5, so reading has two, only read here apart from azimuth circle 4 readings of ray starting point part center line 5.1 indications far away
A °Get final product, reading is on the indicated clinometer rule 5 of supernatant liquid 3 liquid levels
B °, then the position angle=
A °-magnetic declination, the elevation angle (or angle of depression)=
B °
Principle: the pitching of straight line to being the position angle that straight line points to the projection on surface level of underground direction, angle of pitch is the angle of straight line projection and this straight line on surface level, be the angle of this straight line and surface level in the vertical plane of straight line place, also equal the complementary angle of the angle of the normal of interior this straight line of straight line place vertical plane and surface level.Because rotating shaft 7 place straight line perseverances are normals of straight line to be measured, clinometer rule 5 perseverances are in the vertical plane of straight line to be measured; Permanent plane, plane, alignment line 6 place for rotating shaft 7 and straight line to be measured formation.So when alignment line 6 overlapped with the center line 5.1 of clinometer rule 5, the normal of straight line to be measured was in the vertical plane at straight line to be measured place.This moment normal, straight line to be measured, pitch in same vertical plane, and the angle that satisfies normal and surface level is the complementary angle of angle of pitch; The liquid level of supernatant liquid 3 and azimuth circle 4 perseverances are in horizontality, and the reading of clinometer rule 5 is complementary angles of normal and horizontal plane angle.So when alignment line 6 overlapped with clinometer rule 5 center lines 5.1, clinometer rule 5 readings were angle of pitch, the center line 5.1 of clinometer rule 5 is positioned at the vertical plane at straight line to be measured place, and this moment, azimuth circle 4 readings of indication were magnetic azimuth.
(2) tendency and the inclination angle of the planar structure of measurement.
Using method:
Rock stratum base plate or top board are close in this device bottom surface, and the reading on the azimuth circle 4 of center line 5.1 indications of clinometer rule 5 light green colors part is a magnetic azimuth
A °, the reading on the indicated clinometer rule 5 of the liquid level of supernatant liquid 3 is
B °, then be inclined to=
A °-magnetic declination, the inclination angle=
B °
Principle: the tendency of rock stratum is the position angle of normal projection on surface level of level rock, and the inclination angle is the normal of level rock and the complementary angle of horizontal plane angle.Because the liquid level perseverance of azimuth circle 4 and supernatant liquid 3 is in horizontality, rotating shaft 7 place straight line perseverances are the normal of level rock, center line 5.1 perseverances of clinometer rule 5 are in vertical plane, and rotating shaft 7 is positioned on the plane, center line 5.1 place of clinometer rule 5, so the reading of the azimuth circle 4 of center line 5.1 indications of clinometer rule 5 is a magnetic azimuth, the reading of the clinometer rule 5 that the liquid level of supernatant liquid 3 is indicated is the inclination angle.
Protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the foregoing description.Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and distortion and do not depart from the scope of the present invention and spirit the present invention.For example: alignment clamp 2 is not limited to the structure of above-mentioned a pair of projection, as long as have a pair of tip parallel with the bottom surface of base 1; Supernatant liquid 3 also is not limited to above-mentioned mercury or water, as long as can float azimuth circle 4 and viscosity is little, boiling point is high, solidifying point is low, have good stability and lubricity, just can reach the technology of the present invention effect to the miscellaneous part non-corrosiveness; The shape of base 1, rotating shaft 7 also is not limited to rectangular parallelepiped, step-like cylinder etc. respectively.If these changes and distortion belong in the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention also is intended to comprise these changes and is out of shape interior.
Claims (9)
1. geologic compass, it is characterized in that: it comprises base (1), alignment clamp (2), azimuth circle (4), clinometer rule (5) and hemispheric translucent cover (8); Described alignment clamp (2) is arranged at the side of base (1) and has two and is positioned at same horizontal tip; The end face of described base (1) has hemispherical groove, and the diameter of groove is identical with described translucent cover (8) internal diameter, is provided with supernatant liquid (3) in the groove; Described azimuth circle (4) is for having the disk of magnetic pole and floating on the supernatant liquid (3); Described translucent cover (8) is arranged at groove top and is tightly connected with the end face of base (1); Translucent cover (8) is provided with alignment line (6), and described alignment line (6) is half great circle through translucent cover (8) top, and alignment line (6) plane, place and (2) two most advanced and sophisticated place straight line parallels of alignment clamp; Described clinometer rule (5) for indicate the annulus of scale and be arranged at translucent cover (8) and space that groove surrounds in, be provided with rotating shaft (7) through the top of translucent cover (8) and the bottom of groove, the upper and lower end of clinometer rule (5) is hinged with described rotating shaft (7) respectively; In two semicircular ring that rotating shaft (7) place straight line is separated into clinometer rule (5), a semicircular ring is heavy than another semicircular ring.
2. a kind of geologic compass according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described alignment clamp (2) is for being arranged at base (1) side and being positioned at same horizontal a pair of projection, and the front end of described projection is most advanced and sophisticated.
3. a kind of geologic compass according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described base (1) side has notch, and described projection is arranged in the notch also hinged by register pin (9) and base.
4. according to the described a kind of geologic compass of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described supernatant liquid (3) is a mercury, and described azimuth circle (4) is the disk of magnetic material.
5. according to the described a kind of geologic compass of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described supernatant liquid (3) is a water, and described azimuth circle (4) is the disk that is bonded with the magnetic material of light material.
6. according to the described a kind of geologic compass of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: the scale on the described azimuth circle (4) marks in the direction of the clock, and 0 ° of scale mark place is the magnet N utmost point, and 180 ° of scale mark places are the magnet S utmost point.
7. a kind of geologic compass according to claim 6 is characterized in that: 180 ° of scale mark one ends of described azimuth circle (4) are heavy than 0 ° of scale mark one end.
8. according to the described a kind of geologic compass of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described rotating shaft (7) is for being arranged at a pair of step-like cylinder of translucent cover (8) top and groove bottom respectively.
9. according to the described a kind of geologic compass of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described base (1) is foursquare rectangular parallelepiped for the bottom surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110054119 CN102175232B (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2011-03-08 | Geological compass |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110054119 CN102175232B (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2011-03-08 | Geological compass |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102175232A true CN102175232A (en) | 2011-09-07 |
| CN102175232B CN102175232B (en) | 2013-02-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110054119 Expired - Fee Related CN102175232B (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2011-03-08 | Geological compass |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103162677A (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2013-06-19 | 马庆勋 | Digital geological compass and method for measuring geological occurrence |
| CN104359470A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-02-18 | 同济大学 | Dual-gravity geological compass |
| CN106869841A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2017-06-20 | 刘敬寿 | Non-directional is cored the application method of the occurrence means for correcting of geologic body in a kind of inclined shaft |
| CN108104798A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2018-06-01 | 苏州弘开传感科技有限公司 | A kind of tunnel position indicator and its application method based on magnetic principles |
| CN108489402A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-09-04 | 绍兴文理学院 | The quick fine obtaining value method of open mine side slope ROCK MASS JOINT scale based on 3 D laser scanning |
| CN108489403A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-09-04 | 绍兴文理学院 | The quick fine obtaining value method of open mine side slope ROCK MASS JOINT occurrence based on 3 D laser scanning |
| CN108801221A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-13 | 绍兴文理学院 | The quick fine obtaining value method of open mine side slope ROCK MASS JOINT scale based on digital photogrammetry |
| CN109441431A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-08 | 河南大有能源股份有限公司新安煤矿 | A kind of coal mining drilling drift angle dipmeter |
| CN110440776A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-11-12 | 张王宇函 | A kind of three axis self-calibration compass |
| CN110793511A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-14 | 绍兴欢歌智能科技有限公司 | Navigator capable of specifically guiding |
| CN110954079A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-03 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Three-dimensional geological compass and measuring method |
| CN113970313A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-25 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Device for simply measuring joint occurrence of rock mass and measuring method thereof |
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| GB191108024A (en) * | 1909-06-21 | 1911-06-01 | Clement Boniface Basile Laures | Instrument for Measuring Angular Movements of Submarine and Aerial Vessels and the like Relatively to the Horizon and Magnetic Meridian. |
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| CN201653421U (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2010-11-24 | 矫祥田 | Liquid-suspension magnetic needle type compass |
Family Cites Families (1)
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| CN201748925U (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2011-02-16 | 宋子龙 | Liquid level type geological compass |
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2011
- 2011-03-08 CN CN 201110054119 patent/CN102175232B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB191108024A (en) * | 1909-06-21 | 1911-06-01 | Clement Boniface Basile Laures | Instrument for Measuring Angular Movements of Submarine and Aerial Vessels and the like Relatively to the Horizon and Magnetic Meridian. |
| DE3012241A1 (en) * | 1980-03-28 | 1981-10-08 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Magnetic field probe holder - is spherical hollow housing contg. probe in hermetically sealed float on carrier liquid |
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103162677A (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2013-06-19 | 马庆勋 | Digital geological compass and method for measuring geological occurrence |
| CN103162677B (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2015-06-03 | 西安科技大学 | Digital geological compass and method for measuring geological occurrence |
| CN106869841A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2017-06-20 | 刘敬寿 | Non-directional is cored the application method of the occurrence means for correcting of geologic body in a kind of inclined shaft |
| CN104359470A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-02-18 | 同济大学 | Dual-gravity geological compass |
| CN104359470B (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-08-24 | 同济大学 | A kind of dual power circumferentor |
| CN108104798A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2018-06-01 | 苏州弘开传感科技有限公司 | A kind of tunnel position indicator and its application method based on magnetic principles |
| CN108801221A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-13 | 绍兴文理学院 | The quick fine obtaining value method of open mine side slope ROCK MASS JOINT scale based on digital photogrammetry |
| CN108489403A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-09-04 | 绍兴文理学院 | The quick fine obtaining value method of open mine side slope ROCK MASS JOINT occurrence based on 3 D laser scanning |
| CN108489402A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-09-04 | 绍兴文理学院 | The quick fine obtaining value method of open mine side slope ROCK MASS JOINT scale based on 3 D laser scanning |
| CN109441431A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-08 | 河南大有能源股份有限公司新安煤矿 | A kind of coal mining drilling drift angle dipmeter |
| CN109441431B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2022-04-15 | 河南大有能源股份有限公司新安煤矿 | Drilling declination inclination angle measuring instrument for coal mine |
| CN110440776A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-11-12 | 张王宇函 | A kind of three axis self-calibration compass |
| CN110793511A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-14 | 绍兴欢歌智能科技有限公司 | Navigator capable of specifically guiding |
| CN110793511B (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-07-14 | 南京苏博工业设计有限公司 | Navigator capable of specifically guiding |
| CN110954079A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-03 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Three-dimensional geological compass and measuring method |
| CN110954079B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2023-06-30 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Three-dimensional geological compass and measuring method |
| CN113970313A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-25 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Device for simply measuring joint occurrence of rock mass and measuring method thereof |
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