CN106767674A - Structural plane strike-dip survey instrument - Google Patents
Structural plane strike-dip survey instrument Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106767674A CN106767674A CN201710020422.9A CN201710020422A CN106767674A CN 106767674 A CN106767674 A CN 106767674A CN 201710020422 A CN201710020422 A CN 201710020422A CN 106767674 A CN106767674 A CN 106767674A
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- Prior art keywords
- structural plane
- compass
- dip
- spherical
- strike
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C1/00—Measuring angles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C17/00—Compasses; Devices for ascertaining true or magnetic north for navigation or surveying purposes
- G01C17/02—Magnetic compasses
- G01C17/04—Magnetic compasses with north-seeking magnetic elements, e.g. needles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
- G01C9/18—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using liquids
- G01C9/24—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using liquids in closed containers partially filled with liquid so as to leave a gas bubble
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Indicating Or Recording The Presence, Absence, Or Direction Of Movement (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of structural plane strike-dip survey instrument and structural plane strike-dip survey method, particularly a kind of structural plane strike-dip survey instrument for being applied to field of civil engineering and structural plane strike-dip survey method.The present invention provides a kind of easy to use, without adjusting instrument level, can fast and accurately measure the structural plane strike-dip survey instrument of structural plane occurrence.Including upper unit, spherical compass and framework.The present invention also provides a kind of structural plane strike-dip survey method, including following steps：A, instrument is lain on structural plane；B, after after bubble position stabilization, measuring true tendency azimuth；C, measure structural plane true dip angle.Instrument and method need not ensure to ensure that bubble is placed in the middle while compass seamed edge abutting arrangement face again, it is not required that while adjusting bubble tube or suspending hammer to survey inclination angle.The technical scheme of the application is influenceed small by measuring environment and human factor, thus measurement it is more accurate and, measuring speed is faster.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of structural plane strike-dip survey instrument and structural plane strike-dip survey method, particularly one kind is applied to
The structural plane strike-dip survey instrument and structural plane strike-dip survey method of field of civil engineering.
Background technology
In field of civil engineering, structural plane refers to rock mass internal fissure and easy to crack face such as aspect, joint, tomography, piece
Reason etc. is also known as discontinuity surface.The occurrence of structural plane refers to extension orientation of the structural plane in space.Comprising three key elements, that is, move towards,
Tendency and inclination angle.Wherein azimuth：Azimuth, also known as azimuth (Azimuth (angle) abbreviations Az), is to measure in the plane
One of method of differential seat angle between object.Be from certain north pointer direction put line, according to clockwise direction to target direction line it
Between horizontal sextant angle.
The method for expressing of structural plane occurrence has two kinds：
1：Only note is inclined to and inclination angle.Such as：160°∠40°
2：Trend, tendency and inclination angle.Such as：(two examples are difference of the same structure face using occurrence to N70 ° of 40 ° of E/SE ∠
Method for expressing)
Structural plane trend is the orientation of structural plane and horizontal plane intersecting lens, by the basal edge angle on compass side long against knot during measurement
Structure face, reads to refer to that north or the compass meaning number of degrees are i.e. required (because strike line is a straight line, its side when universal level bubble is placed in the middle
To can both sides extend, therefore read south, north pin).
The measurement of structural plane tendency refers to that maximum inclination direction line (true line of dip) is projected structure in the horizontal plane downwards
Orientation.By compass north section direction structure inclined direction downwards during measurement, with the short rib in the south against structural plane, when circular water
When quasi- device bubble is placed in the middle, it is required to read the compass meaning number of degrees.
Structural plane inclination angle refers to the maximum angle between structural plane and imaginary horizontal plane, claims true dip angle.True dip angle can be along structure
Face true dip line measurement is tried to achieve, if small compared with true dip angle along other inclination angles for measuring of inclination, referred to as apparent dip.By compass during measurement
It is edge-on, make compass length of side abutting arrangement face, and the monkey wrench outside chassis is stirred with finger, while compass is moved along structural plane,
When bubble tube bubble is placed in the middle, the signified maximum number of degrees of deviational survey pointer are the true dip angle of structural plane.If clinometer is suspended type
Compass, method is essentially identical with upper, is a difference in that finger pins the button outside chassis, and suspending hammer then freely swings, when up to most
Finger is unclamped during big value, suspending hammer fixes the true dip angle that signified reading is structural plane.
Structural plane occurrence is measured using existing mechanical compass method must all make universal level bubble or pipe
Shape bubble is placed in the middle, can accurately be measured.When compass level, it intersects with structural plane, and the intersection direction is
Structural plane is moved towards, and tendency is then the floor projection azimuth of face with the intersection as method phase direction on structural plane incline direction.
Measurement of dip angle is measured by the goniometer with bubble tube or suspended type clinometer.Ensureing sieve in being measured using mechanical compass
Ensure that bubble is placed in the middle while disk seamed edge abutting arrangement face, structural plane trend, tendency can be accurately measured, while also needing
Its inclination angle is measured by adjusting bubble tube or suspending hammer.The method is influenceed larger by measuring environment and human factor, measurement speed
Degree is slower.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention be to provide it is a kind of easy to use, without adjusting instrument level, can be quick
Accurately measure the structural plane strike-dip survey instrument of structural plane occurrence.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the structural plane strike-dip survey instrument that the present invention is used, including level meter, spherical guide
Pin and framework, the shell of the level meter is cylinder, and the cylinder the height with diameter greater than cylinder, the spherical finger
Compass includes spherical housing and the needle being arranged in spherical housing；The needle includes that compass and northern pin also include pendency, institute
State pendency to be rigidly connected with spherical housing, the extended line of the pendency crosses the centre of sphere of spherical housing, and the pendency is mutual with needle
Vertically, azimuth dial is provided with the spherical housing, the azimuth dial is vertical with pendency, the spherical housing
Surface is provided with inclination angle graduation mark, and the frame inner wall is cylindric, and the spherical compass is arranged in frame inner wall, described
Frame inner wall is contacted with spherical housing, and spherical compass the centre of sphere on the centre of gyration of inwall, on the framework set
There is central baffle, in the plane residing for central baffle, the level meter is arranged on spherical finger to the centre of sphere of the spherical compass
Compass top, and be fixedly connected with framework.
It is further to be additionally provided with magnifying glass above the level meter.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention be to provide it is a kind of easy to use, without adjusting instrument level, can
Fast and accurately to measure the structural plane strike-dip survey method of structural plane occurrence, including following steps：
A, structural plane strike-dip survey instrument is lain on structural plane；
B, after bubble position stabilization after, measure compass from current location be rotated in the clockwise direction to bubble center position with
The angle passed through at the line of level meter center, the angle is true tendency azimuth；
C, the corresponding inclination angle graduation mark value for taking central baffle and spherical housing intersection are structural plane true dip angle.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The instrument and method that the application is used need not again ensure compass seamed edge abutting arrangement
Ensure that bubble is placed in the middle while face, it is not required that while adjusting bubble tube or suspending hammer to survey inclination angle.The application's
Technical scheme is influenceed small by measuring environment and human factor, thus measurement it is more accurate and, measuring speed is faster.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the application；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the application spherical compass；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that the application measures true dip angle；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that embodiment 1 measures true tendency；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that embodiment 1 measures true dip angle；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that embodiment 2 measures true tendency；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that embodiment 2 measures true dip angle；
Parts, position and numbering in figure：Level meter 1, spherical compass 2, framework 3, central baffle 4, bubble 5, amplification
Mirror 6, compass 7, northern pin 8, inclination angle graduation mark 9, true line of dip 10, pendency 11.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the structural plane strike-dip survey instrument of the application, including level meter 1, spherical compass 2 and framework 3,
The shell of the level meter 1 is cylinder, and the cylinder the height with diameter greater than cylinder, the inside of level meter 1 is filled with
Two kinds of objectionable interminglings and the different material of density, the usual two selections oil of the different material of two of which density and air, air
Bubble 5 is formed in oil, as shown in Fig. 2 the spherical compass 2 includes spherical housing and the magnetic being arranged in spherical housing
Pin, the needle includes compass 7 and northern pin 8；Also include pendency 11, the pendency 11 is rigidly connected with spherical housing, described outstanding
Vertical 11 extended line crosses the centre of sphere of spherical housing, and the pendency 11 is mutually perpendicular to needle, the side of being provided with the spherical housing
Parallactic angle dial, the azimuth dial is vertical with pendency 11, and the spherical housing surface is provided with inclination angle graduation mark 9, institute
It is cylindric to state the inwall of framework 3, and the spherical compass 2 is arranged in the inwall of framework 3, and the frame inner wall connects with spherical housing
Touch, and spherical compass 2 the centre of sphere on the centre of gyration of inwall, central baffle 4, the ball are provided with the framework 3
In the plane residing for central baffle 4, the level meter 1 is arranged on the top of spherical compass 2 to the centre of sphere of shape compass 2, and
It is fixedly connected with framework 3.Wherein pendency 11 selects the larger materials of density to be made, it is therefore an objective to make pendency 11 all the time towards vertically to
Under direction.Needle is made up of the magnetic material of band, and wherein compass 7 points to magnetic south, and northern pin 8 points to magnetic north.
Tendency measurement
The instrument is lain on structural plane.The bubble 5 of level meter 1 is free to travel to device edge, from the central point of bubble 5
Direction line to device central point line is true tendency direction line.Readable instrument compass 7, according to clockwise direction to direction line
I.e. from the central point of bubble 5 to the direction line of device central point line angle, be tendency azimuth.
As shown in figure 3, principle：The central point of bubble 5 is maximum to the line of device and the angle of horizontal plane, and the line is structural plane
True line of dip 10.Because assembly dia is definite value and device is flattened cylindrical shape, the density of bubble 5 is much smaller than liquid in device
Density, it is maximum below device apart from imaginary horizontal plane that bubble 5 is located at peak, the i.e. point in device.Because the central point of bubble 5 is arrived
The line of device central point is maximum with the angle of horizontal plane, and the direction is the tendency of structural plane.Azimuth is from the side of compass 8
Risen to line, according to the horizontal sextant angle between clockwise direction to direction line.The compass of measurement apparatus is with the angle of compass 8
180 °, therefore the azimuth of tendency is instrument compass 7, is 5 from device central point to bubble according to clockwise direction to direction line
Angle between the direction line of central point line.
Measurement of dip angle
As shown in figure 3, the reading at inclination angle：The maximum number of degrees on the spherical compass 2 of the reading meaning of central baffle 4, or according to
The principle of true line of dip 10, maximum inclination direction line is true line of dip 10 to structure downwards, then the line of the central point of bubble 5 and device
It is structural plane true dip angle in the number of degrees of the meaning of central baffle 4.
Principle：The horizontal plane of spherical compass 2 be with cross the centre of sphere suspending hammer line be the plane of normal, on spherical compass 2
Inclination angle graduation mark 9 is that, with the centre of sphere as conical tip, 2 × 90 °-scale value is circular cone cone angle, circular cone bottom surface parallel sphere shape compass
The circular cone of 2 horizontal planes and the intersection of sphere.Suspending hammer starting point is the centre of sphere, by suspending hammer and central balancing plate gravity effect
Under, suspending hammer remains vertical, and central balancing plate keeps level.Instrument central baffle 4 is parallel with structural plane during measurement, spherical finger
The central balancing plate of compass 2 keeps level, i.e. the zero degree line of spherical compass 2 level all the time, according to geometrical relationship, read spherical guide
Inclination angle scale on pin 2 is that can obtain structural plane true dip angle.
Magnifying glass 6 is additionally provided with the top of the level meter 1.It is easier to see the quarter of dial clearly for the ease of operating personnel
Degree, so as to quickly and easily read azimuth, being provided with the top of level meter 1 has magnifying glass 6.
Measurement data is read for the ease of operating personnel, two kinds of mutual exclusive materials in the level meter 1 can be adopted
With different colors.
The structural plane strike-dip survey method that the application is used, including following steps：
A, structural plane strike-dip survey instrument is lain on structural plane；
B, after the position of bubble 5 stabilization after, measure compass 7 and be rotated in the clockwise direction to the centre bit of bubble 5 from current location
The angle put and passed through at the center line of level meter 1, the angle is true tendency azimuth；
C, the corresponding value of inclination angle graduation mark 9 for taking central baffle 4 and spherical housing intersection are structural plane true dip angle.
Embodiment 1
Structural plane strike-dip survey instrument is lain on structural plane, the position of bubble 5 is as shown in the figure after instrument stabilizer：
As shown in figure 4,290 degree of graduation mark positions of the correspondence of bubble 5 in figure, compass 7 is located at 210 degree of graduation mark positions, then southern
Pin 7 is rotated in the clockwise direction the angle passed through at the center of bubble 5 and the center line of level meter 1 from current location
It is 80 degree to spend, i.e., true tendency azimuth is 80 degree.
The relative position relation of spherical housing and central baffle 4 is as shown in figure 5, now central baffle 4 pairs after instrument stabilizer
20 degree of graduation marks at inclination angle are answered, therefore structural plane true dip angle is 20 degree.
Embodiment 2
Structural plane strike-dip survey instrument is lain on structural plane, the position of bubble 5 is as shown in the figure after instrument stabilizer：
As shown in fig. 6, bubble 5 corresponds to 290 degree of graduation mark positions in figure, compass 7 is located at 90 degree of graduation mark positions, then compass
7 are rotated in the clockwise direction the angle passed through at the center of bubble 5 and the center line of level meter 1 from current location
It it is 200 degree, i.e., true tendency azimuth is 200 degree.
The relative position relation of spherical housing and central baffle 4 is as shown in fig. 7, now central baffle 4 pairs after instrument stabilizer
40 degree of graduation marks at inclination angle are answered, therefore structural plane true dip angle is 40 degree.
Claims (4)
1. structural plane strike-dip survey instrument, it is characterised in that：Including level meter (1), spherical compass (2) and framework (3) are described
The shell of level meter (1) is cylinder, and the cylinder the height with diameter greater than cylinder, the spherical compass (2) bag
Spherical housing and the needle being arranged in spherical housing are included, the needle includes compass (7) and northern pin (8)；Also include pendency
(11), the pendency (11) is rigidly connected with spherical housing, and the extended line of the pendency (11) crosses the centre of sphere of spherical housing, described
Pendency (11) is mutually perpendicular to needle, is provided with azimuth dial in the spherical housing, the azimuth dial with hang
Hanging down, (11) are vertical, and the spherical housing surface is provided with inclination angle graduation mark (9), and framework (3) inwall is cylindric, the ball
Shape compass (2) is arranged in framework (3) inwall, and framework (3) the inwall inwall is contacted with spherical housing, and spherical guide
The centre of sphere of pin (2) is provided with central baffle (4), the spherical compass on the centre of gyration of inwall on the framework (3)
(2) in the plane residing for central baffle (4), the level meter (1) is arranged on spherical compass (2) top to the centre of sphere, and
It is fixedly connected with framework (3).
2. structural plane strike-dip survey instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is to be gone back in the level meter (1) top
It is provided with magnifying glass (6).
3. structural plane strike-dip survey instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Gas in the level meter (1) and
Liquid uses different colors.
4. the method for carrying out structural plane strike-dip survey using structural plane strike-dip survey instrument as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is：Including with several steps：
A, structural plane strike-dip survey instrument is lain on structural plane；
B, after bubble (5) position stabilization after, measure compass (7) and arrive bubble (5) center and level meter rotationally clockwise
(1) angle passed through at the line of center, the angle is true tendency azimuth；
C, corresponding inclination angle graduation mark (9) value for taking central baffle (4) and spherical housing intersection are structural plane true dip angle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710020422.9A CN106767674B (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2017-01-11 | Instrument for measuring attitude of structural plane |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710020422.9A CN106767674B (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2017-01-11 | Instrument for measuring attitude of structural plane |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106767674A true CN106767674A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| CN106767674B CN106767674B (en) | 2023-03-10 |
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ID=58947904
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710020422.9A Active CN106767674B (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2017-01-11 | Instrument for measuring attitude of structural plane |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1114978A1 (en) * | 2000-01-06 | 2001-07-11 | Chiu-Shan Lee | Three-dimensional homologous surveying method and the related instrument |
| CN2921781Y (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2007-07-11 | 北京石油化工学院 | Photoelectric two-dimensional tilt sensor |
| CN201653421U (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2010-11-24 | 矫祥田 | Liquid-suspension magnetic needle type compass |
| CN202002650U (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2011-10-05 | 钭礼俊 | Spherical compass |
| CN203572481U (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-04-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Field crack attitude measuring device |
| CN104390628A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-04 | 长江岩土工程总公司（武汉） | Geologic structural plane attitude measuring device |
| CN206362331U (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-07-28 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Structural plane strike-dip survey instrument |
-
2017
- 2017-01-11 CN CN201710020422.9A patent/CN106767674B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1114978A1 (en) * | 2000-01-06 | 2001-07-11 | Chiu-Shan Lee | Three-dimensional homologous surveying method and the related instrument |
| CN2921781Y (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2007-07-11 | 北京石油化工学院 | Photoelectric two-dimensional tilt sensor |
| CN201653421U (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2010-11-24 | 矫祥田 | Liquid-suspension magnetic needle type compass |
| CN202002650U (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2011-10-05 | 钭礼俊 | Spherical compass |
| CN203572481U (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-04-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Field crack attitude measuring device |
| CN104390628A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-04 | 长江岩土工程总公司（武汉） | Geologic structural plane attitude measuring device |
| CN206362331U (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-07-28 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Structural plane strike-dip survey instrument |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN106767674B (en) | 2023-03-10 |
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