CN106500656B - Gravity center type structural plane attitude measuring instrument - Google Patents
Gravity center type structural plane attitude measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN106500656B CN106500656B CN201710019960.6A CN201710019960A CN106500656B CN 106500656 B CN106500656 B CN 106500656B CN 201710019960 A CN201710019960 A CN 201710019960A CN 106500656 B CN106500656 B CN 106500656B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C1/00—Measuring angles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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Abstract
The invention relates to a structural plane attitude measuring method and a gravity center type structural plane attitude measuring instrument, in particular to a structural plane attitude measuring method and a gravity center type structural plane attitude measuring instrument which are applied to the field of civil engineering. The invention provides the structural plane attitude measuring instrument which is convenient to use, does not need to adjust the level of the instrument and can quickly and accurately measure the attitude of the structural plane. Comprises a frame, a central clapboard and a spherical compass. The invention also provides a structural plane attitude measuring method, which comprises the following steps: A. placing the instrument on the structural surface; B. after the position of the central clapboard is stable, measuring a true inclination azimuth angle; C. and measuring the true inclination angle of the structural plane. The apparatus and method of the present application do not require the need to ensure that the bubble of the level is centered while the edge of the compass abuts the structural surface, nor does it require the need to adjust the tubular level or bob to measure the tilt angle. The technical scheme of this application is influenced by measuring environment and human factor for a short time, consequently measures more accurately just, and speed is faster.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a structural plane attitude measuring method and a gravity center type structural plane attitude measuring instrument, in particular to a structural plane attitude measuring method and a gravity center type structural plane attitude measuring instrument which are applied to the field of civil engineering.
Background
In the field of civil engineering, a structural plane refers to a plane which is cracked in a rock body and easy to crack, such as a layer plane, a joint, a fault, a sheet theory and the like, and is also called a discontinuous plane. The occurrence of a structural plane refers to the spatial extension of the structural plane. Three elements are involved, namely strike, inclination and dip. Wherein the azimuth angle is: azimuth, also known as Azimuth (Az), is one of the methods for measuring the angular difference between objects on a plane. Is the horizontal included angle from the north-pointing direction line of a certain point to the target direction line along the clockwise direction.
The expression method of the structure surface attitude has two methods:
1: note only inclination and dip. Such as: 160 degrees angle 40 degrees
2: strike, inclination and declination. Such as: n70 degree E/SE 40 degree (two examples are different representation methods of the same structural plane using the attitude)
The trend of the structural surface is the direction of the intersection line of the structural surface and the horizontal plane, the bottom edge angle of the long edge of the compass is tightly close to the structural surface during measurement, and the north-pointing degree or the degree pointed by the compass is read when the circular level bubble is centered (because the trend line is a straight line, the direction can extend from two sides, so that the south-north-compass can be read).
The measurement of the inclination of the structural surface refers to the orientation of the line of maximum inclination of the structural surface (true inclination line) projected on a horizontal plane. During measurement, the north section of the compass points to the downward inclination direction of the structural surface, the south short edge is close to the structural surface, and when the circular level bubble is centered, the degree pointed by the north pointer is read.
The inclination angle of the structural plane refers to the maximum included angle between the structural plane and the imaginary horizontal plane and is called as a true inclination angle. The true dip angle can be obtained by measuring along the true dip line of the structural plane, and if the dip angles measured along other dips are smaller than the true dip angle, the dip angle is called as the apparent dip angle. During measurement, the compass is laterally erected to enable the side length of the compass to be close to the structural plane, a movable wrench outside the chassis is pulled by fingers, the compass is moved along the structural plane, and when the bubble of the tubular level is centered, the maximum degree pointed by the inclinometry pointer is the true inclination angle of the structural plane. If the inclinometer is a cantilever-type compass, the method is basically the same as the above method, except that a button outside the chassis is pressed by a finger, the cantilever swings freely, when the maximum value is reached, the finger is released, and the cantilever fixes the indicated reading, namely the true inclination angle of the structural plane.
The existing mechanical compass method is used for measuring the attitude of the structural surface, so that the bubble of the circular level or the bubble of the tubular level must be centered to accurately measure. When Luo Panshui is intersected with the structural plane at ordinary times, the direction of the intersection line is the direction of the structural plane, and the inclination is the horizontal projection azimuth angle of the plane taking the intersection line as the normal phase direction on the inclination direction of the structural plane. The inclination angle measurement is measured by a goniometer with a tubular level or a cantilever-hammer inclinometer. In the measurement by using a mechanical compass, the edge of the compass is ensured to be close to a structural plane, meanwhile, the bubble of the level is ensured to be centered, the trend and the inclination of the structural plane can be accurately measured, and meanwhile, the inclination angle of the level is measured by adjusting a tubular level or a hanging hammer. The method is greatly influenced by the measuring environment and human factors, and the measuring speed is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a structural plane attitude measuring method which is convenient to use, does not need to adjust the level of an instrument and can quickly and accurately measure the attitude of a structural plane, and the method comprises the following steps:
A. horizontally placing the gravity center type structural plane attitude measurement instrument on a structural plane;
B. after the position of the central clapboard is stable, the corresponding angle value of the south needle on the central clapboard is the true inclination azimuth;
C. and taking the value of the dip angle scale mark corresponding to the intersection of the middle plane and the spherical shell as the true dip angle of the structural plane.
The invention aims to solve another technical problem of providing a gravity center type structural plane attitude measuring instrument which is convenient to use, does not need to adjust the level of the instrument and can quickly and accurately measure the attitude of a structural plane.
In order to solve the technical problems, the gravity center type structural surface attitude measuring instrument comprises a frame, a central partition plate and a spherical compass, wherein the frame comprises an inner wall and an outer wall, the spherical compass is arranged in the inner wall of the frame, the spherical compass comprises a spherical shell and a magnetic needle arranged in the spherical shell, the inner wall of the frame is in contact with the spherical shell, the sphere center in the spherical shell is arranged on the revolution center of the inner wall, and the magnetic needle comprises a south needle and a north needle; the magnetic needle suspension device is characterized by further comprising a suspension device, the suspension device is rigidly connected with the spherical shell, the suspended extension line passes through the spherical center of the spherical shell, the suspension device is perpendicular to the magnetic needle, inclination angle scale marks are arranged on the surface of the spherical shell, the central partition plate is in a circular ring shape, the middle plane of the central partition plate passes through the spherical center of the spherical shell, the central partition plate is arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall and is rotatably connected with the frame, the rotating shaft of the central partition plate coincides with the rotating shaft of the magnetic needle, the center of gravity of the central partition plate does not coincide with the geometric center of the central partition plate, angle scales are arranged on the central partition plate, an inclination indicating needle is further arranged on the central partition plate, the included angle formed by the inclination indicating needle and the connecting line from the center of the central partition plate to the geometric center of the central partition plate is 180 degrees, the angle scales on the central partition plate are set to be 0 scale position, and the scale value is increased in the anticlockwise direction.
Further, a thrust bearing is arranged on the inner wall or the outer wall of the frame, and the central partition plate is rotatably connected with the frame through the thrust bearing.
Further, a magnifying glass is arranged above the frame.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the instrument and the method do not need to ensure that the edge of the compass is close to the structural plane and ensure the bubble of the level to be centered, and do not need to adjust the tubular level or the suspension hammer to measure the inclination angle. The technical scheme of this application is influenced by measuring environment and human factor for a short time, consequently measures more accurately just, and measuring speed is faster.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sphere compass according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present application measuring true tilt;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of true tendency of example 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of measuring a true tilt angle in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of example 2 measuring true trends;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of measuring a true tilt angle in example 2;
parts, positions and numbers in the drawings: the compass comprises a central clapboard 1, a spherical compass 2, a frame 3, a middle plane 4, an inclination pointer 5, a magnifier 6, a south needle 7, a north needle 8, an inclination angle scale mark 9, a true inclination line 10, a suspension 11 and a thrust bearing 12.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
The method for measuring the attitude of the structural plane comprises the following steps:
A. horizontally placing the gravity center type structural surface attitude measurement instrument on a structural surface;
B. after the position of the central clapboard 1 is stable, the corresponding angle value of the south needle 7 on the central clapboard 1 is the true inclination azimuth;
C. and taking the value of the corresponding inclination angle scale mark 9 at the intersection of the middle plane 4 and the spherical shell as the true inclination angle of the structural plane.
Example 1
The gravity center type structural plane attitude measuring instrument is horizontally placed on the structural plane, the position of the south needle 7 and the position of the central clapboard 1 are stabilized after the instrument is stabilized
As shown in fig. 4, the relative angle scale pointed by the south needle 7 is 80 degrees, i.e. the true dip azimuth angle is 80 degrees.
The relative position relationship between the spherical shell and the middle plane 4 after the instrument is stabilized is shown in fig. 5, and at this time, the middle plane 4 corresponds to the scale mark of the 20-degree inclination angle, so that the true inclination angle of the structural plane is 20 degrees.
Example 2
The gravity center type structural plane attitude measuring instrument is horizontally placed on the structural plane, the position of the south needle 7 and the position of the central clapboard 1 are stabilized after the instrument is stabilized
As shown in fig. 6, the relative angle scale pointed by the south needle 7 is 210 degrees, i.e. the true dip azimuth angle is 210 degrees.
The relative position relationship between the spherical shell and the middle plane 4 after the instrument is stabilized is shown in fig. 7, and at this time, the middle plane 4 corresponds to the scale mark of the inclination angle of 40 degrees, so that the true inclination angle of the structural plane is 40 degrees.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the gravity center type structural plane occurrence measuring instrument of the present application comprises a frame 3, a central partition board 1 and a spherical compass 2, wherein the frame 3 comprises an inner wall and an outer wall, the spherical compass 2 is arranged in the inner wall of the frame 3, the spherical compass 2 comprises a spherical shell and a magnetic needle arranged in the spherical shell, the inner wall is in contact with the spherical shell, the center of sphere in the spherical shell is on the center of gyration of the inner wall, the magnetic needle comprises a south needle 7 and a north needle 8, and further comprises a suspension 11, the suspension 11 is rigidly connected with the spherical shell, the center of sphere of the spherical shell is crossed by the extension line of the suspension 11, the suspension 11 is perpendicular to the magnetic needle, the surface of the spherical shell is provided with an inclination angle scale line 9, the central partition board 1 is in a ring shape, and the middle plane 4 of the central partition board 1 passes through the center of sphere of the spherical shell. The intermediate plane 4 is located at an intermediate position in the thickness direction of the center spacer 1. The utility model discloses a magnetic needle, including central baffle 1, frame 3, inclination pointer 5, central baffle 1, angle scale on the central baffle 1, the central baffle 1 sets up between inner wall and outer wall to with frame 3 rotatable coupling, and the pivot coincidence of its pivot and magnetic needle, the focus of central baffle 1 is not coincident rather than the geometric center, be provided with the angle scale on the central baffle 1, still be provided with inclination pointer 5 on the central baffle 1, inclination pointer 5 and the line of central baffle 1 focus to the geometric center's of central baffle contained angle is 180 degrees, and the angle scale on the central baffle 1 uses inclination pointer 5's angular position to be 0 scale position, and scale value increases progressively along anticlockwise. Wherein the suspension 11 is made of a material selected to have a relatively high density in order to keep the suspension 11 oriented vertically downwards. The magnetic needle is made of a material with magnetism, wherein the south needle 7 points to the south magnetic pole, and the north needle 8 points to the north magnetic pole.
True dip azimuth measurement
As shown in FIG. 4, after the strip center spacer 1 is stabilized, the angle pointed by the south needle 7 is the true dip azimuth.
The principle is as follows: because the geometric center of the central clapboard 1 is not coincident with the gravity center, the gravity center of the central clapboard 1 is positioned at the lowest point under the action of gravity, the diameter of the central clapboard 1 is a fixed value, the distance between the gravity center and an imaginary horizontal plane is the smallest, the projection of the connecting line from the gravity center to the circle center in the vertical direction is the largest, namely, the included angle between the connecting line from the gravity center to the circle center and the horizontal plane is the largest, and the direction is the inclination of a structural plane. The azimuth angle is a horizontal included angle from the north arrow 8 direction line to the direction line along the clockwise direction. Because the included angle between the south needle 7 and the north needle 8 is 180 degrees, the included angle between the inclination indicating needle 5 and the connecting line from the gravity center of the central clapboard 1 to the geometric center of the central clapboard 1 is 180 degrees. The angle scale on the central clapboard 1 takes the angle position of the inclined indicating needle 5 as the scale position of 0, and the scale value is increased in the anticlockwise direction. According to the geometrical relationship, the angle pointed by the south needle 7 is the true inclination azimuth. In the implementation, the center of gravity of the central clapboard 1 can be positioned at the edge position of the central clapboard 1 by a method of arranging a balance weight.
Dip angle measurement
As shown in fig. 3, reading of tilt angle: reading the maximum degree on the spherical compass 2 pointed by the central clapboard 1, or according to the principle of the true inclination line 10, the line of the maximum inclination direction which the structure faces downwards is the true inclination line 10, namely the line connecting the gravity center of the central clapboard 1 and the inclination pointer 5 is the true inclination line 10.
The principle is as follows: the horizontal plane of the spherical compass 2 is a plane taking a plumb line passing through the center of a sphere as a normal line, the inclination angle scale mark 9 on the spherical compass 2 takes the center of a sphere as a cone vertex, and the (2 multiplied by 90 degrees-inclination angle scale value) is a cone angle, and the bottom surface of the cone is parallel to the intersection line of the cone and the spherical surface of the horizontal plane of the spherical compass 2. The starting point of the suspension weight is the center of a sphere, the suspension weight is always vertical through the suspension weight and the central balance plate under the action of gravity, and the central balance plate is kept horizontal. During measurement, the central clapboard 1 of the instrument is parallel to the structural plane, the central balance board of the spherical compass 2 keeps horizontal, namely the zero line of the spherical compass 2 is always horizontal, and the true inclination angle of the structural plane can be obtained by reading the inclination angle scale on the spherical compass 22 according to the geometric relationship.
A thrust bearing 12 is arranged on the inner or outer wall of the frame 3, and the central partition 1 is rotatably connected to the frame 3 by means of the thrust bearing 12. In order to allow the central partition 1 to rotate freely about its centre of rotation, the central partition 1 and the frame 3 may be connected together by means of thrust bearings 12.
A magnifying glass 6 is also arranged above the frame 3. In order to facilitate the operator to see the scale of the dial more easily and thus to read the azimuth quickly and easily, a magnifying glass 6 is provided above the frame 3.
Claims (4)
1. Gravity center formula structural plane attitude measuring instrument which characterized in that: the compass comprises a frame (3), a central partition board (1) and a spherical compass (2), wherein the frame (3) comprises an inner wall and an outer wall, the spherical compass (2) is arranged in the inner wall of the frame (3), the spherical compass (2) comprises a spherical shell and a magnetic needle arranged in the spherical shell, the inner wall of the frame is in contact with the spherical shell, the center of sphere in the spherical shell is on the revolution center of the inner wall, and the magnetic needle comprises a south needle (7) and a north needle (8); still include and hang (11), hang (11) and spherical shell rigid connection, the centre of sphere of spherical shell is crossed to the extension line of hanging (11), hang (11) and magnetic needle mutually perpendicular, spherical shell surface is provided with inclination scale mark (9), central baffle (1) is the ring shape, the mid-plane (4) of central baffle (1) are through the centre of sphere of spherical shell, central baffle (1) sets up between inner wall and outer wall to with frame (3) rotatable coupling, and its pivot coincides with the pivot of magnetic needle, the focus of central baffle (1) is not coincided rather than the geometric centre, be provided with the angle scale on central baffle (1), still be provided with inclination pointer (5) on central baffle (1), inclination pointer (5) and central baffle (1) focus are 180 degrees to the contained angle of the line of central baffle (1) geometric centre, and the angle scale on central baffle (1) is 0 scale position with the angle position of inclination pointer (5), and scale value increases progressively along anticlockwise.
2. The gravity-center structural plane attitude measurement instrument according to claim 1, wherein: the inner wall or the outer wall of the frame (3) is provided with a thrust bearing (12), and the central clapboard (1) is rotatably connected with the frame (3) through the thrust bearing (12).
3. The gravity-center structural plane attitude measurement instrument according to claim 1, wherein: a magnifying glass (6) is arranged above the frame (3).
4. Method for structural surface attitude measurement using a gravity center type structural surface attitude measurement instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
A. horizontally placing the gravity center type structural surface attitude measurement instrument on a structural surface;
B. after the position of the central clapboard (1) is stable, the corresponding angle value of the south needle (7) on the central clapboard (1) is the true inclination azimuth angle;
C. and taking the value of the corresponding inclination angle scale mark (9) at the intersection of the middle plane (4) and the spherical shell as the true inclination angle of the structural plane.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710019960.6A CN106500656B (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2017-01-11 | Gravity center type structural plane attitude measuring instrument |
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| CN201710019960.6A CN106500656B (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2017-01-11 | Gravity center type structural plane attitude measuring instrument |
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| CN106500656B true CN106500656B (en) | 2023-03-14 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109506616B (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2023-11-24 | 中国地质工程集团有限公司 | Wireless measuring instrument for structural surface attitude |
| CN114076588B (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2023-10-13 | 三赢科技（深圳）有限公司 | Level meter |
| CN112304315B (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2024-07-02 | 青岛中科防务科技有限公司 | Positioning method for aerial striking unmanned aerial vehicle |
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