CN201606882U - High-efficiency incinerator with circulating fluidized grates - Google Patents
High-efficiency incinerator with circulating fluidized grates Download PDFInfo
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- CN201606882U CN201606882U CN2010200268671U CN201020026867U CN201606882U CN 201606882 U CN201606882 U CN 201606882U CN 2010200268671 U CN2010200268671 U CN 2010200268671U CN 201020026867 U CN201020026867 U CN 201020026867U CN 201606882 U CN201606882 U CN 201606882U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a high-efficiency incinerator with a circulating fluidized grate, which comprises a feeding system, a burning system and a deslagging system, wherein the feeding system tightly leans against a front wall of a hearth (43) of the burning system, and is connected with the hearth (43) through a chute (12); the deslagging system tightly leans against a rear wall of the hearth (43) of the burning system, and is connected with the hearth (43) through a slag falling slot (15); the feeding system comprises a pre-dry conveying device (4); a water cooling rotary fluidized grate (7) of the burning system is a water cooling roller-tooth conveying mechanism; a deslagging door (44) is arranged on an arc section of a bottom plate (13) of the hearth (43) corresponding to the slag falling slot (15); and an air separation deslagging window (45) is arranged on the deslagging door (44). The utility model realizes circulating suspension fluidized burning and dry air separation deslagging, and has the advantages of high burning speed, high combustion efficiency, easy control, low energy consumption, low pollution, low cost, more reasonable structure, smooth material conveying, high burnout ratio, selective slugging and low hot ignition loss rate.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the incinerator field, particularly relates to a kind of ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace.
Background technology
The incinerator technology of rubbish, living beings, distinguish by the type of furnace, grate furnace, rotary kiln stove, fluid bed furnace and gasification furnace four big classes are arranged, wherein the type of furnace of burning with naked light has grate furnace, rotary kiln stove and fluid bed furnace, the combustion system of these three kinds of type of furnaces has their own characteristics each: grate furnace and rotary kiln stove belong to the accumulation horizon combustion technology basically, have that burning velocity is slow, efficiency of combustion is not high, the thermal efficiency is low, the more auxiliary fuel of needs consumption, be easy to generate shortcoming such as toxic gas; Fluid bed furnace belongs to fluidisation attitude suspension combustion, by the Theory of Combustion analysis as can be known, adopt fluidization suspension combustion technology can make material such as rubbish contact very abundant with air, thereby efficiency of combustion is the highest, the calorific intensity height, and the noxious material that burning produces is less, but, fluid bed furnace also has its shortcoming: need high compress wind, energy consumption is big, and amount of dust is big in the flue gas; Higher to advancing stove raw meal particle size size and uniformity requirement, need the configuration pretreatment unit; The quartz sand of heat-carrying is big to equipment attrition, makes the equipment continuous operating time shorter, and the plant maintenance amount is big; Drop into coal or oily combustion-supporting, complicated operation, operating cost is higher.The drawbacks limit that above-mentioned several burning type of furnace is had they to high efficiency, low energy consumption, direction develops cheaply.
For solving the above-mentioned problem of stating, the applicant had once developed a kind of efficient burning furnace with rotary fluidization grate, and applied for the patent (patent No.: ZL200820206098.6) to State Patent Office on December 25th, 2008, but still there is weak point in efficient burning furnace with rotary fluidization grate in actual applications: pre-drying device and chamber structure are reasonable inadequately, material is obstructed in transport process easily, flame seals in the feeding-passage easily, material time of staying on fire grate is shorter, reduced the burn-out degree of materials such as rubbish, can not selective deslagging, still higher to the hot burn decrement rate that makes slag.
The utility model content
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is, provide that a kind of not only burning velocity is fast, efficiency of combustion is high, easy to control, low energy consumption, low pollutions, low cost, reduced investment, purposes be wide, and more reasonable structure, material transmission are smooth and easy, the low ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace of hot burn decrement rate of the circulating combustion that can realize material, burn-out degree height, energy selective deslagging, slag.
For addressing the above problem, ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace of the present utility model includes feed system, combustion system and slag-tapping system.
Feed system comprises feed hopper, batcher, pre-drying conveying device and chute.Feed hopper is the receiving opening that materials such as rubbish, living beings enter incinerator, and its shape is a big young funnel shaped down suitable for reading, and the broken Biodge device of material level caution switch and prevention material Tower Bridge is housed in feed hopper, and the outlet of feed hopper is connected with batcher; Batcher is a vane feeder, is provided with scraper in the end of blade, and batcher is connected with pre-drying device; Pre-drying conveying device comprises closed box, the tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller, smoke distribution pipeline, flue gas exhauster and thermo detector; Inspection opening and sealing manhole door are installed on closed box, and the charging aperture of closed box is connected with batcher, and discharging opening is connected with chute; The closed box two ends are furnished with the smoke distribution pipeline, the smoke distribution pipeline is connected with flue gas exhauster outlet flue, the air inlet of flue gas exhauster is connected by the high-temperature flue gas pipeline of mixed flue gas pipeline and furnace outlet and the low-temperature flue gas pipeline of back-end ductwork outlet, and is provided with adjustable valve respectively on the low-temperature flue gas pipeline of the high-temperature flue gas pipeline of furnace outlet and flue outlet; One deck, two layers or more the tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller are installed in the closed box; When two layers or more the tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller is installed, the closed box inner route clapboard is separated into two layers or more that arrange up and down with casing, every dividing plate has an opening at the end near batcher, and the materials such as rubbish, living beings of interlayer can be dropped on lower floor's interlayer by this opening; The base plate of closed box and dividing plate are the corrosion resistant hardware of heat-resistant, wear-resistant, every layer dividing plate and base plate are processed into the continuous circular arc shape that is joined continuously and formed by the multistage semi arch, correspondence is equipped with the tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller respectively on base plate and dividing plate, and between the tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller and its base plate and dividing plate certain clearance is arranged, prevent jam.The tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller is to be formed by connecting by a plurality of identical roller teeth interlacedly, and promptly the tooth bar of a roller tooth is facing to the gap between the tooth bar of another roller tooth.The roller tooth includes roll shaft and tooth bar, in roll shaft upper edge circumferential direction many toothrow rows is set equably, and every toothrow row is formed with certain being spaced vertically by some tooth bars; Between the interlaced tooth bar, leave certain clearance between tooth bar and the roll shaft, prevent that the hardware expanded by heating from causing jam.Roll shaft stretches out the two sides of closed box and is bearing on the bearing block of biside plate, and an end of roll shaft is equipped with transmission mechanism, and transmission mechanism is by motor-driven.Chute is the passage that materials such as guiding rubbish, living beings enter the incinerator burner hearth, and the inlet of chute is connected with the outlet of pre-drying conveying device, the outlet of chute is connected with burner hearth.
The feed system of the utility model incinerator can select to be provided with pre-drying device, also can select not to be provided with pre-drying device, no matter which kind of mode of selection does not influence the integrality of feed system, when not selecting pre-drying device is set, batcher directly is connected with chute.
Combustion system comprises burner hearth, water-cooled rotary fluidization grate, air-distribution device, burning torch, oil gun, auxiliary burner, Thermal Meter, control system.
Burner hearth comprises preceding furnace wall, back furnace wall, both sides furnace wall, furnace roof furnace wall, siege, peep hole and sealing manhole door; Front wall is near feed system, and back wall is near dreg removing system, is provided with ash gate and selection by winnowing slag-drip opening at the afterbody (by the back wall) of siege.Be furnished with one deck, two layers or more water-cooled rotary fluidization grate in the burner hearth, when only arranging one deck water-cooled rotary fluidization grate, only be arranged on the siege, when arrange two layers, more than two layers during the water-cooled rotary fluidization grate, begin upwards to arrange from siege, keep certain spacing between levels, can transmit materials such as rubbish, living beings smoothly to guarantee each layer water-cooled rotary fluidization grate; The superiors' water-cooled rotary fluidization grate and one section front wall of corresponding burner hearth all protrude forward and with the corresponding connection of the chute of feed system, wall all protrudes and corresponding connection with slag-drip opening backward behind orlop water-cooled rotary fluidization grate and pairing one section; The inner surface of the pairing front wall of orlop water-cooled rotary fluidization grate, siege, back wall is processed into the continuous circular arc shape base plate that is joined continuously and formed by the multistage semi arch by the heat-resistant, wear-resistant corrosion-resistant material; The pairing front-back wall of each layer water-cooled rotary fluidization grate, both walls inner surface are all laid the overcoat by the processing of heat resistant and wear resistant corrosion-resistant material; Between the base plate of orlop water-cooled rotary fluidization grate and continuous circular arc shape, all maintain certain interval between each layer water-cooled rotary fluidization grate and the furnace wall, to prevent jam.Burner hearth is divided into the drying and burning district by combustibility, the circulation burnt zone, the intermediate zone, water-cooled rotary fluidization grate region, upper strata is the drying and burning district, orlop water-cooled rotary fluidization grate region is the circulation burnt zone, zone on the superiors' water-cooled rotary fluidization grate is the intermediate zone, the intermediate zone has enough combustion spaces, guarantee high-temperature flue gas in burner hearth the time of staying above 2 seconds, thereby destroy poisonous, the generation environment of pernicious gas, the special generation that suppresses the dioxin violent in toxicity effectively, fundamentally reduce the pernicious gas generation, reduced NO
xDischarging.
The water-cooled rotary fluidization grate is exactly the water-cooling roller tooth-type conveying mechanism that places in the burner hearth, water-cooling roller tooth-type conveying mechanism is arranged by a plurality of identical roller teeth interlacedly and is formed, promptly the tooth bar of a roller tooth is facing to the gap between the tooth bar of another roller tooth, the roller tooth comprises hollow roll shaft and hollow tooth bar, in roll shaft upper edge circumferential direction many toothrow rows are set equably, every toothrow row is formed with certain being spaced vertically by some tooth bars; Between the interlaced tooth bar, leave certain interval between tooth bar and the roll shaft, prevent that the hardware expanded by heating from causing jam; Roll shaft stretches out the both walls of burner hearth and is fixed on the bearing block of both walls, with the same end of each roll shaft of one deck water-cooled rotary fluidization grate the sprocket wheel of identical specification is installed, and links together by chain between the sprocket wheel of adjacent roll shaft; Each layer water-cooled rotary fluidization grate can be driven by the motor unification of same band reducing gear, also can Motor Drive that be with reducing gear be set every layer of fire grate separately, but the switched in opposite of the roller tooth of adjacent levels water-cooled rotary fluidization grate.The water-cooled rotary fluidization grate is taked high efficiency water-cooling structure, in hollow roll shaft, wear less cooling water pipe, remain with certain interval between cooling water pipe and the roll shaft, cooling water pipe is connected with stove water inlet pipe or inlet water tank outward, roll shaft is connected with stove outlet pipe or water tank outward, and cooling water pipe all is connected with water inlet pipe, outlet pipe or water tank by the axle envelope with roll shaft; Hollow tooth bar is an end sealing other end opening, there is a dividing plate that the tooth bar inner chamber is divided into first chamber, second chamber in the tooth bar, dividing plate leaves a breach at an end of tooth bar sealing, first chamber, second chamber are connected by this breach, openend at tooth bar, first chamber only communicates with roll shaft, and second chamber only communicates with cooling water pipe.
Both walls in the drying and burning district of burner hearth is provided with the wind air-distribution device one time, in addition, when the fire grate width that adopts is big, in the siege bottom of burner hearth the wind air-distribution device is set one time again, when the fire grate width that adopts hour, then do not need to be provided with one time in siege bottom wind distributing hole, only the both walls at the burnt zone of burner hearth is provided with air-distribution device one time; Both walls in the intermediate zone of burner hearth is provided with secondary wind air-distribution device.At above-mentioned each local air-distribution device that is provided with, wind distributing hole will be with cap structure, prevents that wind distributing hole from stopping up.At the wind distributing hole that the siege bottom of continuous circular arc shape is provided with, the wind hole site will be selected in the lower slope section of continuous circular arc, prevents the wind hole plug, and the siege bottom should be provided with bellows.
Arranged beneath at the superiors' water-cooled rotary fluidization grate has auxiliary burner, uses when opening stove.
Outlet at burner hearth, be provided with the turnover flue that constitutes by back wall and partition wall, the superheater that the high-temperature flue gas that comes out from burner hearth enters waste heat boiler after by the turnover flue carries out heat exchange, enter flue gas processing device by one-level economizer, secondary economizer, air preheater again, the qualified flue gas after flue gas processing device is handled is to smoke stack emission.The bottom of waste heat boiler is provided with flue-dust retainer and tapping equipment.
Slag-tapping system comprises ash gate, selection by winnowing slag-drip opening, deslagging chute, slag conveying device, slag cooling blower and slag ladle.
Ash gate is arranged on the siege of close back wall, the hydraulic control cylinder is installed, has the selection by winnowing slag-drip opening on ash gate, this slag-drip opening and slag cooling air cooperate can realize the selection by winnowing deslagging, improve the burn-out degree of slag, the slag of discharging from slag-drip opening drops on the slag conveying device by the deslagging chute.
The slag conveying device is made up of closed box, the tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller, be level or be and be in tilted layout, one end of closed box is connected with the deslagging chute, the other end is connected with the slag chute that falls of slag ladle, peep hole, hermatic door and emergency spray device are installed on the closed box, and the base plate of closed box and both ends of the surface are processed into the continuous circular arc shape that is connected and is formed by a plurality of semicircle segmental arcs with the base plate connection; Be furnished with the tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller in the closed box, the tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller is to be formed by connecting by a plurality of roller teeth interlacedly, and promptly the tooth bar of a roller tooth is facing to the gap between the tooth bar of another roller tooth.The roller tooth comprises roll shaft and tooth bar, in roll shaft upper edge circumferential direction many toothrow rows is set equably, and every toothrow row is formed with certain being spaced vertically by some tooth bars; Between the interlaced tooth bar, leave certain clearance between tooth bar and the roll shaft, prevent that the hardware expanded by heating from causing jam, also leave certain interval between the base plate of tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller and continuous circular arc shape, prevent that the hardware expanded by heating from causing jam.Roll shaft stretches out the two side of closed box and is bearing on the bearing block of two side walls, at an end of roll shaft transmission mechanism is installed, and transmission mechanism is by Motor Drive; Closed box is furnished with the slag cooling blower at an end of the slag chute that falls.The slag chute that falls is connected with slag ladle, and watering device is set in the slag ladle, and the slag in the slag ladle is transported by slag waggon.
The slag-tapping system of the utility model incinerator has the various configurations mode, above-mentioned configuration mode only is a kind of mode of slagging tap of the slag-tapping system of this incinerator, but so long as can with the supporting use of this incinerator, other mode of slagging tap belongs to the description scope of this incinerator equally.
Ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace of the present utility model, can control by computer control system, because the efficient combustion of ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace and be easy to control the time of staying of material in stove such as rubbish, living beings, therefore, fire box temperature can stably be controlled at 850 ℃～1050 ℃, and the temperature field is even, helps reducing the synthetic of harmful substance.
Ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace of the present utility model is an all-sealed structure, and feed system is expected envelope jointly by material in the feed hopper and batcher, and the flue gas of preheating simultaneously enters burner hearth by feed system, plays the sealing gland effect; Rotatable parts in the burner hearth seal by the axle envelope, and sealing gland is carried out by cooling air in the cloth air port; Slag-tapping system is expected envelope by the slag in the slag ladle, and the slag cooling air also plays the sealing gland effect simultaneously; Adding upper furnace is the negative pressure operation, so incinerator system can not produce flue gas, stink leaks.
Compare with conventional art, the utlity model has following useful effect:
1, the outer pre-drying conveying device efficient height of stove can rapid draing be gone into the materials such as rubbish, living beings of stove, makes material water contents such as the rubbish that enters burner hearth, living beings few or not water content, temperature constant, can not cause the fire box temperature fluctuation.
2, realized suspension fluidization circulating combustion, burning velocity is fast, efficient is high, burning is thorough, slag burn-out degree height; Continuous feed, continuous burning, fire box temperature uniform and stable, control easily; The high-temperature flue gas that produces time of staying in burner hearth surpasses 2 seconds, has suppressed the generation of harmful substances such as dioxin effectively;
3, be suitable for materials such as the different calorific values of burning, difform rubbish, living beings; Need not carry out preliminary treatment to materials such as rubbish, living beings; There is not to burn under the combustion-supporting situation high-moisture, low-calorie house refuse.
4, whole incinerator system is taked all-sealed structure, does not produce the leakage of any material, and odorless is dustless, environmental protection.
5, the exhaust gas volumn and the amount of dust of incinerator generation are lower, thereby have reduced the flue gas treating capacity of smoke processing system, have reduced the degree of wear of operational outfit, have reduced operation and maintenance cost.
6, taked selection by winnowing dry type continuous discharging slag, do not had deslagging waste water, the hot burn decrement rate of slag is low; Be provided with the slag cooling air, afterheat of slags is reclaimed, reduced tapping temperature, energy conservation and consumption reduction effects is more obvious.
7, take water cooling system efficiently, improved the cooling effect of fire grate.
8, separate unit incinerator processing capacity can flexible configuration to 1500 ton per days from 10 ton per days.
9, this incinerator is of many uses, can be used for efficiently burning solid materials such as various rubbish, living beings, colm, coal rhabdolith, oil shale.
10, incinerator system compact conformation, floor space is little, reduced investment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, be the structural representation of the utility model incinerator.
Fig. 2, be the structural representation of pre-drying conveying device of the present utility model.
Fig. 3, be pre-drying conveying device vertical view of the present utility model.
Fig. 4, be water-cooled rotary fluidization grate structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 5, be material at the transmission of the top of water-cooled rotary fluidization grate, fluidized state schematic diagram.
Fig. 6, carry out circle transmission, stirring, fluidized state schematic diagram for the water-cooled rotary fluidization grate.
Fig. 7, be continuous circular arc section siege of the present utility model bottom air distribution schematic diagram.
Fig. 8, be the siege schematic diagram of continuous circular arc shape of the present utility model.
Among each figure: 1, feed hopper; 2, batcher; 3, batcher blade cutter; 4, pre-drying device; 401, the closed box of pre-drying device; 402, thermo detector; 403, the base plate of continuous circular arc section shape; 404, the driving chain of pre-drying device; 405, the travelling gear of pre-drying device; 406, the drive motor of pre-drying device; 407, the output chain gear of drive motors; 5, the roller tooth conveying mechanism of pre-drying device; 501, the tooth bar of the roller tooth conveying mechanism of pre-drying device; 6, smoke distribution pipe; 7, the superiors' water-cooled rotary fluidization grate; 701, the tooth bar of the roller tooth of water-cooled rotary fluidization grate; 702, burner hearth side wall; 703, cooling water inlet water tank; 704, built-in cooling water pipe; 705, drive sprocket; 706, cooling water water tank; 707, bearing; 708, axle envelope; 709, roll shaft; 7010, furnace wall overcoat; 7011, the material that is transmitted; 8, the upper strata rotary fire grate wind wind-distributing pipe; 9, auxiliary burner; 10, orlop water-cooled rotary fluidization grate; 1001, the tooth bar of water-cooled rotary fluidization grate; 1002, Chuan Shu material; 11, the roll shaft of the roller tooth conveying mechanism of pre-drying device; 12, charging chute; 13, the siege of continuous circular arc shape; 1301, a wind wind distributing hole of continuous circular arc shape siege bottom; 1302, bellows of continuous circular arc shape siege bottom; 14, lower floor's fire grate airduct; 15, deslagging chute; 16, the tooth-like slag conveying mechanism of roller; 17, slag conveying device; 18, drinks pipe; 19, slag ladle; 20, slag waggon; 21, slag ladle exports pneumatic push-pull valve door; 22, the deslagging chute exports pneumatic push-pull valve door; 23, slag cooling blower; 24, the slag chute that falls; 25, burnt zone; 26, drying and burning district; 27, the ash disposal moving plate valve of contending with; 28, waste heat boiler removes ash bucket; 29, air preheater exhaust pass; 30, low-temperature flue gas extracts the pipeline control valve; 31, air preheater; 32, secondary economizer; 33, one-level economizer; 34, low-temperature flue gas extracts pipeline; 35, superheater; 36, furnace outlet flue gas barricade; 37, high-temperature flue gas extracts the pipeline control valve; 38, high-temperature flue gas extracts pipeline; 39, intermediate zone; 40, secondary wind wind-distributing pipe; 41, mixed flue gas pipe switch type valve; 42, flue gas exhauster; 43, burner hearth; 44, ash gate; 45, selection by winnowing slag-drip opening; 46, hydraulic control cylinder; 47, mixed flue gas pipeline.
The specific embodiment
As Fig. 1～shown in Figure 8, ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace of the present utility model includes feed system, combustion system and slag-tapping system.
Feed system comprises feed hopper 1, batcher 2, pre-drying conveying device 4, chute 12.
The tooth-like conveying mechanism 5 of roller is to be formed by connecting by a plurality of identical roller teeth interlacedly, and promptly the tooth bar 501 of a roller tooth is facing to the gap between the tooth bar 501 of another roller tooth.The roller tooth comprises roll shaft 11 and tooth bar 501, in its circumferential direction of roll shaft 11 upper edges many toothrow rows are set equably, every toothrow row is formed with certain being spaced vertically by some tooth bars 501, materials such as rubbish, living beings can be caught with tooth row in the interval that tooth bar is 501, prevent materials such as rubbish, living beings (tiny except) from tooth bar at interval landing be advisable; Between the interlaced tooth bar 501, leave certain clearance between tooth bar 501 and the roll shaft, prevent that the hardware expanded by heating from causing jam; Roll shaft 11 and tooth bar 501 are formed by the corrosion resistant metal material processing of heat-resistant, wear-resistant; Roll shaft 11 stretches out the two sides of closed box 401 and is bearing on the bearing block of two sides, and the same end of each roll shaft 11 also is equipped with identical sprocket wheel 405, connects by chain 404 between the sprocket wheel of adjacent roll shaft 11.The tooth-like conveying mechanism 5 of roller will be adjusted the tooth row of each roller tooth when assembling, make the tooth row of each roller tooth on opposite position have identical inclination angle.The tooth-like conveying mechanism of each layer roller is by the Motor Drive of same band reducing gear, the Motor Drive of band reducing gear can also be set respectively, make all roller teeth of the tooth-like conveying mechanism of each layer roller have identical rotating speed and turn to, control system is regulated the rotating speed of motor 406 according to the thermic load situation of change of incinerator, change feeding coal, stable to keep the incinerator operating mode.
The effect of chute 12 is that material guiding such as the rubbish that will come out from pre-drying conveying device 4, living beings are fallen on the superiors' rotary fluidization grate 7 of burner hearth 43, is the passage that material enters burner hearth 43.
The materials such as rubbish that come out from pre-drying conveying device 4 are being carried fuel gas that flue gas, pyrolysis come out, water vapour, dust etc. secretly, and has certain pressure and speed, when entering burner hearth 43 through chute 12, their pressure is always greater than combustion chamber draft, can prevent effectively that therefore the high-temperature flue gas of burner hearth and flame from playing a reversed role in the chute 12.
Combustion system comprises burner hearth 43, water-cooled rotary fluidization grate, wind air-distribution device 8 and 14, secondary wind air-distribution device 40, auxiliary burner 9, Thermal Meter and control system.
The water-cooled rotary fluidization grate is the water-cooling roller tooth-type conveying mechanism that places in the burner hearth, and water-cooling roller tooth-type conveying mechanism is arranged by a plurality of identical roller teeth interlacedly and formed, and promptly the tooth bar 701 of a roller tooth is facing to the gap between the tooth bar 701 of another roller tooth; The roller tooth comprises hollow roll shaft 709 and hollow tooth bar 701, in roll shaft 709 upper edge circumferential direction many toothrow rows are set equably, every toothrow row is formed with certain being spaced vertically by some tooth bars 701, materials such as rubbish, living beings can be caught with tooth row in the interval that tooth bar is 701, prevent materials such as rubbish, living beings (tiny except) from tooth bar 701 at interval landings be advisable; Between the interlaced tooth bar 701, leave certain interval between tooth bar 701 and the roll shaft 709, prevent that the hardware expanded by heating from causing jam; The roller tooth is to be made of the resistant to elevated temperatures metal material of wear resistant corrosion resistant; The tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller the time will be adjusted the tooth row of each roller tooth in assembling, makes the tooth row on the opposite position of each roller tooth have identical inclination angle; Roll shaft 709 stretches out side wall 702 and is bearing on the bearing block 707 of side wall, and the same end of each roll shaft 709 also is equipped with identical sprocket wheel 705, links together by chain between the sprocket wheel with the adjacent roll shaft of one deck rotary fluidization grate; Each layer water-cooled rotary fluidization grate can be driven by the motor unification of same band reducing gear, also can Motor Drive that be with reducing gear be set each layer separately, but the switched in opposite of the roller tooth of neighbouring fire grate.The water-cooled rotary fluidization grate is taked high efficiency water-cooling structure, its structure as shown in Figure 4: in hollow roll shaft 709, wear less cooling water pipe 704, remain with certain interval between cooling water pipe 704 and the roll shaft 709; The cooling water inlet water tank 703 with outside the stove of cooling water pipe 704 is connected, and the cooling water water tank 706 with outside the stove of roll shaft 709 is connected, and the junction of cooling water pipe 704 and roll shaft 709 and cooling water water tank 703 and 706 is equipped with axle envelope 708 and seals; Empty main tooth bar 701 is end sealing other end openings, there is a dividing plate that the tooth bar inner chamber is divided into first chamber and second chamber in the tooth bar 701, dividing plate leaves a breach at the end near tooth bar 701 sealings, first chamber and second chamber are connected by this breach, openend at tooth bar 701, first chamber only communicates with roll shaft 709, and second chamber only communicates with cooling water pipe 704.Cooling water enters into cooling water pipe 704 from inlet water tank 703, second chamber, first chamber of tooth bar 701 of flowing through got back to roll shaft 709, be back to water tank 706 then, cooling water from import to outlet the flow process of process the shortest, thereby roll shaft 709 and tooth bar 701 obtain good cooling effect.
Both walls in the drying and burning district 26 of burner hearth 43 is provided with wind wind distributing hole 8 one time, outside the skin, when the fire grate width that adopts is big, be provided with wind wind distributing hole 1,301 one time in the bottom of the siege 13 of burner hearth 43 again, and bellows 1302 should be set in the bottom of siege 13, when the fire grate width that adopts hour, then do not need to be provided with one time wind distributing hole 1301 in the bottom of siege 13, only the both walls at the burnt zone 25 of burner hearth is provided with wind distributing hole 14 one time; Both walls in the intermediate zone 39 of burner hearth is provided with secondary wind wind distributing hole 40; One time wind is supplied with the required oxygen of material burning such as rubbish, living beings, and secondary wind is supplied with imperfect combustion flue gas and carried out the required oxygen of second-time burning in the intermediate zone.At above-mentioned each local air-distribution device that is provided with, wind distributing hole will be with cap structure, prevents that wind distributing hole from stopping up.At the wind distributing hole 1301 that siege 13 bottoms of continuous circular arc section shape are provided with, the wind hole site will be selected in the lower slope section (as shown in Figure 7) of continuous circular arc section, prevents the wind hole plug.
There is auxiliary burner 9 to use when opening stove in the arranged beneath of upper strata water-cooled rotary fluidization grate.
At the exhanst gas outlet of burner hearth, be provided with the turnover flue that constitutes by back wall and partition wall 36, because the turnover flue can be removed the bulky grain dust in the flue gas effectively to the effect that flue gas produces bump.Flue gas enters flue gas processing device by one-level economizer 33, secondary economizer 32, air preheater 31 after entering superheater 35 and carry out heat exchange through the turnover flue again, and the qualified flue gas after flue gas processing device is handled is to smoke stack emission.Waste heat boiler and economizer bottom are provided with flue-dust retainer 28 and tapping equipment 27.
Slag-tapping system comprises ash gate 44, selection by winnowing slag-drip opening 45, deslagging chute 15, slag conveying device 17, slag cooling blower 23 and slag ladle 19.
Ash gate 44 is arranged on the siege 13 of close back wall, and hydraulic control cylinder 46 is installed on ash gate 44, has selection by winnowing slag-drip opening 45 on ash gate 44, and this selection by winnowing slag-drip opening 45 and slag cooling air cooperate can realize the selection by winnowing deslagging, improves the burn-out degree of slag; The slag of discharging from selection by winnowing slag-drip opening 45 drops on the slag conveying device 17 by deslagging chute 15.
Slag conveying device 17 comprises closed box and the tooth-like conveying mechanism 16 of roller, be level or be and be in tilted layout, one end of closed box is connected with deslagging chute 15, the other end is connected with the slag chute 24 that falls, peep hole, hermatic door and emergency spray device are installed on the closed box, the base plate of closed box and both ends of the surface and base plate connection, the continuous circular arc shape that becomes to have a plurality of semicircle segmental arcs to be connected and to form by the resistant to elevated temperatures materials processing of wear resistant corrosion resistant; Be furnished with the tooth-like conveying mechanism 16 of roller in the closed box, the tooth-like conveying mechanism 16 of roller is formed by connecting by a plurality of roller teeth interlacedly, promptly the tooth bar of a roller tooth is facing to the gap between the tooth bar of another roller tooth, the roller tooth comprises roll shaft and tooth bar, in roll shaft upper edge circumferential direction many toothrow rows are set equably, every toothrow row formed with certain being spaced vertically by some tooth bars, the interval between tooth bar with tooth row can catch slag, prevent slag from tooth bar at interval landing be advisable; Between the base plate of tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller and continuous circular arc shape, between the interlaced tooth bar, remain with certain interval between tooth bar and the roll shaft, prevent that the hardware expanded by heating from producing jam; The roller tooth is to be made of the resistant to elevated temperatures metal material of wear resistant corrosion resistant.Roll shaft stretches out the two sides of closed box and is bearing on the bearing block of two sides, the same end of each roll shaft also is equipped with identical sprocket wheel, by the chain connection and by the Motor Drive of being with reducing gear, each roller tooth has identical rotating speed and turns between the sprocket wheel of adjacent roll shaft.Closed box is furnished with slag cooling blower 23 at an end of the slag chute 24 that falls.
The slag chute 24 that falls is connected with slag ladle 19, and the outlet of the slag chute 24 that falls is equipped with pneumatic plate valve 22, and watering device 18 is set in the slag ladle 19, and pneumatic plate valve 21 is installed on the slag-drip opening of slag ladle; Slag in the slag ladle 19 is transported by slag waggon 20.
During normal the operation, pneumatic plate valve 22 standard-sized sheets, the sealing of slag-tapping system seals by the slags in the slag ladle 19, is just closing this valve between turn(a)round or under the improper situation; In the time of slag ladle 19 slag dumpings, pneumatic plate valve 21 just can be opened, otherwise this valve will be closed; For guaranteeing that slag-tapping system obtains sealing, material level interlock alarm devices are installed in the slag ladle 19, guarantee slag in the slag ladle 19 not by emptying, otherwise will close plate valve 21.
Ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace is an all-sealed structure, and adding upper furnace is the negative pressure operation, so incinerator system can not produce flue gas, smell to distinguish the flavor of and leak.Feed system is expected envelope jointly by material in the feed hopper and batcher, and the flue gas of preheating simultaneously enters burner hearth by feed system, also plays the sealing gland effect; Rotatable parts in the burner hearth seal by the axle envelope, and sealing gland is carried out by cooling air in the cloth air port; Slag-tapping system is expected envelope by the slag in the slag ladle, and the slag cooling air also plays the sealing gland effect simultaneously.
The course of work of ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace of the present utility model is as follows:
Materials such as the rubbish in the warehouse, living beings are grabbed toward feed hopper 1 by grab bucket, and feed hopper 1 has remained material, prevents emptying; Materials such as the rubbish in the feed hopper 1, living beings process batcher 2 even feedings are on pre-drying conveying device 4, flue gas exhauster 42 extracts the last low-temperature flue gas of back-end ductwork 29 and the mixed flue gas of high-temperature flue gas of burner hearth 43 outlets is given materials such as pre-drying device 4 garbage dryings, living beings, by regulating 37 in the high-temperature flue gas pipeline 38, can regulate the temperature of dry flue gas, to adapt to the variation that contains moisture of materials such as rubbish, living beings.Be suspended in the material on the tooth row V-shaped groove of the tooth-like conveying mechanism 5 of roller, rotation along with the tooth-like conveying mechanism 5 of roller, materials such as the rubbish in the tooth row V-shaped groove, living beings fall under the effect of gravity, roll, loose, when the tooth row of roller tooth forwards tooth row with another adjacent roller tooth to and is overlapping, the tooth row of another roller tooth that the material in the tooth row V-shaped groove is overlapping connects away, enter in another roller tooth tooth row V-shaped groove, continue to be transmitted away; Tiny material can fall from the tooth row gap on earth on the plate, but is sent away by roller tooth bottom tooth row very soon; In transport process, materials such as rubbish, living beings constantly fall, roll, loose, mobile, fully mix, contact with the preheating flue gas, be dried apace, and pyrolytic gasification takes place; Because the interlaced motion of roller tooth makes it have self-cleaning function, can prevent effectively that roller tooth contamination dirt, bridging, material from twining.Possessed ignition condition through materials such as the rubbish of super-dry, living beings, but,, only can carry out pyrolytic gasification so materials such as dried rubbish, living beings can not burn because of there not being oxygen to supply with in the pre-drying device.Materials such as the rubbish that comes out from pre-drying conveying device 4, living beings are slipped to going up most on the rotary fluidization grate 7 of burner hearth 43 through chute 12.
As Fig. 5, shown in 6, drop to the rubbish in the tooth row V-shaped groove of the superiors' water-cooled rotary fluidization grate 7, materials such as living beings 7011 are suspended on the tooth row, continuous rotation along with the roller tooth, tooth row carries rubbish, materials such as living beings move upward, rubbish in the tooth row V-shaped groove, materials such as living beings fall under the effect of gravity, roll, loose, when the tooth row of roller tooth forwards tooth row with another adjacent roller tooth to and is overlapping, rubbish in the tooth row V-shaped groove, the tooth row of another roller tooth that materials such as living beings are overlapping connects away, enter in the tooth row V-shaped groove of another roller tooth, continue to be transmitted away.Because the interlaced motion of roller tooth makes it have self-cleaning function, can prevent effectively that each tooth bar contamination dirt, coking, bridging, thread-shaped body from twining; During batcher 2 feeds, especially big piece material and strip material are intercepted or tear, cut off by batcher 2, thereby do not have the especially big piece material and the strip material enters the water-cooled rotary fluidization grate, even accidental especially big piece material and the strip material of occurring, also can become fragile by flash carbonization under the hot environment in stove, through the very fast fragmentation of stirring, the fracture of roller tooth, therefore the situation that the roller tooth is blocked, twined by rectangular material by the especially big piece material can not appear.Rubbish, living beings etc. are material suspended constantly to be fallen on the roller tooth tooth row V-shaped groove that rotates, roll, loose, mobile, form fluidization, high-temperature flue gas and flame that lower floor's water-cooled rotary fluidization grate burning produces pass through from the gap of tooth row, and the material on the water-cooled rotary fluidization grate of upper strata carried out stereo burning, materials such as the rubbish of everywhere, living beings fully mix, contact with combustion air, wrapped up fully by high-temperature flue gas and flame, fast, tempestuously the burning.Be suspended in the thickness of materials such as rubbish on the tooth row V-shaped groove, living beings and determine jointly that by the rotating speed of the rotating speed of the rotating speed of batcher 2, pre-drying device 4, water-cooled rotary fluidization grate 7 and 10 control system can be regulated its rotating speed according to the temperature of burner hearth, the evaporation capacity of boiler.After materials such as the rubbish on the superiors' water-cooled rotary fluidization grate 7, living beings are sent to last roller tooth, drop on lower floor's water-cooled rotary fluidization grate, in the process of falling, materials such as rubbish biomass are subjected to once bigger standing up, bigger disturbance.The tiny material of part may be in the suspension fluid mapper process drops on lower floor's water-cooled rotary fire grate and with mixing of materials such as the rubbish that does not burn, living beings from the tooth row gap and burns away.
Drop in the tooth row V-shaped groove of orlop water-cooled rotary fluidization grate 10 is unburned material such as rubbish, living beings completely, rotation along with the roller tooth, they are being proceeded suspension fluidized combustion and are becoming the slag that does not burn soon on the tooth row V-shaped groove, and to the transmission of burner hearth front wall direction; When arriving front wall, drop on the siege of continuous circular arc shape along the front wall of half-circle-arc shape, under the stirring of the bottom tooth row of orlop water-cooled rotary fluidization grate 10, continue siege wall direction transmission backward along the continuous circular arc shape; When arriving selection by winnowing slag notch 45, be subjected to blowing into blowing of next slag cooling air from the slag conveying device, the agglomerating slag of the slag that has burnt, sintering, sandstone, brick and tile, metal etc. are because proportion is heavier, have overcome the buoyancy lift of cooling air and drop to the slag chute from slag-drip opening 45; The slag that does not burn because proportion gentlier is cooled wind float and come (thereby can not fall) from slag-drip opening 45, and upwards transmitted along circular-arc back wall by the roller tooth, when arriving the top of roller tooth again with the unburned that falls from upper strata water-cooled rotary fluidization grate completely mixing of materials such as rubbish, living beings carrying out suspension fluidized combustion at the tooth row V-shaped groove together, the slag that does not burn orlop water-cooled rotary fluidization grate constantly circulating combustion go down, discharged from selection by winnowing slag-drip opening 45 up to having burnt; The crisscross motion of roller tooth, but self-cleaning not only can also prevent the slag conglomeration to become the slag of bulk, have formed the slag of bulk and can also have been broken up under the stirring of tooth row.The selection by winnowing deslagging can produce a large amount of dusts between the superiors' water-cooled rotary fluidization grate 7 and orlop water-cooled rotary fluidization grate 10, but can not increase the amount of dust of burner hearth 43 outlets, because be covered with materials such as rubbish, living beings on the water-cooled rotary fluidization grate of upper strata, to the effect that dust has the resistance shelves, filters, be blocked the dust of returning and drop to orlop water-cooled rotary fluidization grate 10 cocycles burning again.Circulation is burned and the combination of selection by winnowing deslagging, and the slag burn-out degree of this incinerator is improved widely, and the slag heat rate of burning reduces widely.Cooling water 703 enters into built-in cooling water pipe 704 mutually from water inlet, flow to second chamber of each tooth bar respectively, flow to first chamber of each bar tooth bar then, the cooling water that comes out from first chamber is pooled in the hollow roll shaft 709, in roll shaft 709, flow out to water tank at last, cooling water has been finished a cooling procedure, has taken away the heat of tooth bar and roll shaft, thereby makes tooth bar and roll shaft obtain good cooling.
Regulate batcher, pre-drying device, rotary fluidization grate rotating speed by computer control system, can stably control fire box temperature at 850～1050 ℃, and the temperature field is even.
The high-temperature flue gas that the burning of material such as rubbish, living beings produces rises to the intermediate zone 39 of burner hearth 43, and at combustion-supporting time of secondary wind, the fuel gas that does not burn in the flue gas carries out second-time burning at this.Intermediate zone 39 has enough combustion spaces, can guarantee that flue gas surpasses 2 seconds at residing time in furnace, thereby destroy generation environment poisonous, pernicious gas, suppress the generation of dioxin violent in toxicity especially effectively, fundamentally reduce the pernicious gas generation, reduced the discharging of nitride.
The high-temperature flue gas that comes out from secondary combustion chamber 39 enters the folder narrow passage that is made of wall behind the burner hearth and barricade 36; high-temperature flue gas is removed the bulky grain dust with the collision of shelves wall; high-temperature flue gas enters waste heat boiler again; after superheater 35 absorbs heat; enter one-level economizer 33, secondary economizer 32, air preheater 31 again; enter flue gas processing device through flue 29 and handle, handle qualified back to smoke stack emission.
The slag that has burnt is fallen on the tooth-like conveying device 17 of roller from the slag chute 15 that falls, and slag cooling blower 23 is sent into cooling air from the end of the tooth-like conveying device 17 of roller, for slag cooling and selection by winnowing deslagging; In the tooth-like conveying device 17 of roller, slag is forwarded by the base plate of the tooth row of roller tooth conveying mechanism along the continuous circular arc shape, when the tooth row of the tooth row of a roller tooth and another roller tooth is staggered when joining, slag is connect away by the tooth row of another roller tooth, continuation transmits to the slag notch direction along base plate, in this process, slag is thrown, is fallen, is overturn, is broken up, is stirred, and with the slag cooling air fully mix make slag obtain rapidly the cooling; Tiny slag may be from the gap landing of tooth row, but along with the continuous motion of roller tooth, and a large amount of slags that transmit up from front end can mix with the tiny slag of landing and be transmitted away.The crisscross motion of roller tooth makes tooth bar have the self-cleaning ability, and slag can be loosened, breaks up.Cooling air has absorbed behind the waste heat of slag by counter that to send into burner hearth combustion-supporting, plays energy-saving and cost-reducing effect.
Slag is transported to outlet by the tooth-like conveying device 17 of roller and drops in the slag ladle 19 through slag dropping tube 24, and valve 21 is equipped with in slag ladle 19 outlets, and regularly Open valve 21 is transported slag emission to slag waggon 20.
Entering system and can selecting to be provided with pre-drying device 4 of the utility model incinerator also can select not to be provided with pre-drying device 4, and when pre-drying device 4 not being set, batcher 2 directly is connected with chute 12.Pre-drying device being set and the integrality that pre-drying device does not influence feed system is not set, all is the scope that the utility model is described.
Adopting the tooth-like conveying device 17 of roller to slag tap is a kind of mode of slagging tap of the utility model incinerator, in addition can also select to use other mode of slagging tap, as long as can with the supporting effect of combustion system of the present utility model, not influencing integrality of the present utility model, also is description scope of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace, comprise feed system, combustion system and slag-tapping system, it is characterized in that: combustion system is made of burner hearth (43), water-cooled rotary fluidization grate, wind air-distribution device, secondary wind air-distribution device, auxiliary burner (9), Thermal Meter and a control system
Burner hearth (43) comprises preceding furnace wall, back furnace wall, both sides furnace wall, furnace roof wall, siege, peep hole and hermatic door; Preceding furnace wall is near feed system, back furnace wall is near dreg removing system, the water-cooled rotary fluidization grate that is furnished with one deck in the burner hearth (43) or (contains two layers) more than two layers, when only arranging one deck water-cooled rotary fluidization grate, only be arranged on the siege (13), when arranging the water-cooled rotary fluidization grate that (contains two layers) more than two layers, begin upwards to arrange from siege, keep certain spacing between adjacent levels; The inner surface of furnace wall, siege, back furnace wall was processed into join the continuously base plate (13) of the continuous circular arc shape that forms of multistage semi arch before orlop water-cooled rotary fluidization grate (10) was pairing, between the base plate (13) of orlop water-cooled rotary fluidization grate (10) and continuous circular arc shape, all maintain certain interval between each layer water-cooled rotary fluidization grate and the furnace wall, to prevent jam
The water-cooled rotary fluidization grate is the water-cooling roller tooth-type conveying mechanism that places in the burner hearth, and water-cooling roller tooth-type conveying mechanism is arranged by a plurality of identical roller teeth interlacedly and formed; The roller tooth comprises hollow roll shaft (709) and hollow rack (701), in roll shaft (709) upper edge circumferential direction many toothrow rows is set equably, and every toothrow row is formed with certain being spaced vertically by some tooth bars (701); Roll shaft (709) stretches out outside the both walls (702) and is bearing on the outer bearing block (707) of both walls, in the end of roll shaft (709) transmission mechanism is installed, and is driven by power set.Wear less cooling water pipe (704) in the hollow roll shaft (709), cooling water pipe (704), roll shaft (709) are connected with stove cooling water tank or cooling water pipe outward, and installation shaft envelope in junction seals; The one end sealing other end opening of hollow tooth bar (701), there is a dividing plate that the tooth bar inner chamber is divided into first chamber and second chamber in the tooth bar 701, dividing plate leaves a breach at the end near tooth bar (701) sealing, first chamber and second chamber are connected by this breach, openend at tooth bar 701, first chamber is connected with roll shaft 709, and second chamber is connected with cooling water pipe 704.
2. ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described burner hearth (43) is divided into drying and burning district (26), burnt zone (25), intermediate zone (39) by combustion characteristics, water-cooled rotary fluidization grate region, upper strata is drying and burning district (26), orlop water-cooled rotary fluidization grate (10) region is burnt zone (25), and the zone on the superiors' water-cooled rotary fluidization grates (7) is intermediate zone (39).
3. ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the both walls in the drying and burning district (26) of described burner hearth (43) is provided with a wind wind distributing hole (8), in addition, when the fire grate width that adopts is big, on the siege (13) of burner hearth (43), a wind wind distributing hole (1301) is set again, when the fire grate width that adopts hour, then do not need at siege (13) wind distributing hole (1301) to be set, only the both walls at the burnt zone (25) of burner hearth is provided with a wind distributing hole (14); Both walls in the intermediate zone (39) of burner hearth is provided with secondary wind wind distributing hole (40).
4. ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described feed system comprises feed hopper (1), batcher (2), pre-drying conveying device (4), chute (12), feed hopper (1) is a big young funnel-shaped structure down suitable for reading, the outlet of feed hopper (1) is connected with batcher (2), batcher (2) is connected with pre-drying device (4)
Pre-drying conveying device (4) comprises closed box (401), the tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller (5), smoke distribution pipe (6), flue gas exhauster (42); The charging aperture of closed box (401) is connected with batcher (2), discharging opening is connected with chute (12); Closed box, one deck is installed or more than two layers (401), the tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller of (containing two layers), (5), when installing more than two layers, the tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller of (containing two layers), (5) time, closed box, (401) inner route clapboard, (403) casing is separated into two layers or more that arrange up and down, the base plate of each interlayer, (403) be processed into the continuous circular arc shape that the multistage semi arch joins continuously and forms respectively, the end of each interlayer, (403) the tooth-like conveying mechanism of plate and roller, (5) maintain certain clearance between, prevent jam
The tooth-like conveying mechanism of roller (5) is to be formed by connecting by a plurality of identical roller teeth interlacedly, the roller tooth comprises roll shaft (11) and tooth bar (501), in its circumferential direction of roll shaft (11) upper edge many toothrow rows are set equably, every toothrow row is formed with certain being spaced vertically by some tooth bars (501), roll shaft (11) stretches out outside the two side of closed box (401) and is bearing on the bearing block outside the two side, end at roll shaft (11) is equipped with transmission mechanism, and is driven by power set.
5. ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the import of described flue gas exhauster (42) is connected with mixed flue gas pipeline (47), the outlet of flue gas exhauster (42) is connected with smoke distribution pipe (6) by outlet conduit, and smoke distribution pipe (6) is connected with closed box (401); The low-temperature flue gas pipeline (34) of back-end ductwork is connected with the high-temperature flue gas pipeline (38) of burner hearth (43) outlet.
6. ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the dividing plate (403) in the described closed box has a breach at the end by batcher (2), and the material of the tooth-like conveying mechanism transmission of upper strata roller can be dropped on the tooth-like conveying mechanism of lower floor's roller by this breach.
7. ciculation fluidized fire grate efficient burning furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: offer ash gate (44) on the described siege (13), on ash gate (44), offer selection by winnowing slag-drip opening (45), this selection by winnowing slag-drip opening (45) and slag cooling air cooperate can realize the selection by winnowing deslagging, improves the burn-out degree of slag.
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