CN201219365Y - Non-ploughing precision-quantity planting and fertilizing machine for rape with ditch-digging function - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model belongs to a rapeseed no-tillage precision sowing and fertilizing machine equipped with the function of excavating a box ditch. It is composed of precision anti-blocking seed metering device, transmission system, frame assembly, boot type ditching shovel, ground wheel assembly, single disc loosening shovel, front-drive combined machete box ditch forming machine, etc. The suspension frame and transmission gear box, the fertilizer box and the grooved wheel fertilizer discharger, the single seed box and the needle valve type rapeseed precision anti-blocking seed metering device are set on the upper part of the frame assembly, and the front-driven combined machete The ditch forming machine, the single disc loosening shovel and the shoe opener are arranged under the frame assembly, and ground wheel assemblies are arranged on both sides of the frame assembly. During the sowing and fertilizing operation, the formation of the seedling ditch is simultaneously completed, which improves the operating efficiency and utilization rate of the seeder, and reduces the production cost. It is suitable for protective no-tillage sowing and fertilizing operations, and has broad application prospects.

Description

Rapeseed no-tillage precision seeding and fertilizing machine equipped with the function of digging a ditch

technical field

The utility model relates to an agricultural machine tool for sowing rapeseed, in particular to a rapeseed no-tillage precision seeding and fertilizing machine equipped with the function of digging a box ditch.

Background technique

The seeder is an important work tool in the mechanization of agricultural production, and its working task is to complete agricultural operations such as sowing and fertilizing of crops. In some areas in southern my country, according to agronomic requirements, some crops such as rapeseed need to dig trenches between seedlings during no-tillage sowing, so as to facilitate agronomic operations such as drainage, irrigation, and ground temperature adjustment in seedling management. The existing sowing machinery basically cannot realize the synchronous operation of the seedling ditch and the formation of the seed bed. Although some sowing machines complete the excavation of the ditch by adding a plow and use loose soil to shovel the entire seed bed, but it is difficult for the operation The object has certain working conditions, such as the shape of the farmland surface, soil firmness, soil water content, distribution density of crop residues and weeds, etc., and there are problems such as low working efficiency of the whole machine, poor shape of the box ditch, and large power consumption. Also do not have the planter application of the combined operation of box ditch forming and sowing and fertilizing at present.

At present, the state advocates the joint operation, compound operation and multi-functional operation of agricultural machinery and tools to improve the working efficiency of machinery and tools and reduce production costs, and promote the promotion and application of modern farmland management technology. Develop a no-tillage seeder equipped with a ditch forming machine, which can continue to develop in the direction of multiple agronomic operations, one machine with multiple functions, and power consumption reduction, so as to meet the technical requirements of farmland seedling management. The groove forming machine matched with the seeder can complete the agronomic operations such as the formation of the groove between the seedlings and the sowing and fertilization simultaneously with the sowing operation, which can improve the operating efficiency and utilization rate of agricultural machinery, reduce power consumption and operating costs, and meet the requirements of agronomic management. It has broad application prospects and is of great practical significance to the development of agricultural mechanization in our country.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to design a rapeseed no-tillage precision sowing and fertilizing machine equipped with the function of digging the box trench, which can complete the agronomic complex operations such as box trench formation, seed bed plowing, fertilization and sowing in the no-tillage sowing process at one time. Improve job efficiency and utilization, expand job capabilities and reduce power consumption. The machine adopts a single disc loosening shovel to replace the traditional fixed rotary tillage machete combination, which solves the problem of poor seed bed formation in the no-tillage sowing and fertilization operations of the seeder; equipped with a box ditch forming machine, it can Simultaneously complete the compound operation of the formation of the compartment ditch between the seedlings; equipped with a rapeseed precision metering device, the seeding accuracy can meet the agronomic requirements of a single rapeseed and prevent the blockage of the seed metering device. This machine can improve the working efficiency and utilization rate of the seeder, realize the agronomic requirements of no-tillage and precision seeding, reduce power consumption, and adapt to the needs of conservation tillage and farmland seedling management operations.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved in this way: the rape no-tillage precision sowing and fertilizing machine equipped with the function of excavating the compartment ditch is composed of a suspension frame, a transmission gear box, a fertilizer box, a grooved wheel type fertilizer discharger, a fertilizer discharge hose, and a monomer Seed box, needle valve type rapeseed precision anti-blocking seed metering device, seeding hose, transmission system, frame assembly, shoe-type ditching shovel, depth-limiting ground wheel assembly, cutter shaft, single disc It is composed of a soil loosening shovel, a ditch forming shovel, and a front-drive combined machete ditch forming machine. The suspension frame and the transmission gear box are installed in the front of the frame assembly, the fertilizer box and the grooved wheel fertilizer discharger are set in the middle of the frame assembly, the single seed box and the needle valve type rapeseed precision anti-blocking seeding The device is set at the rear of the frame assembly, the single disc loose soil shovel is fixed on the cutter shaft and installed under the frame assembly and the transmission gearbox, and the front drive type is installed under the front of the frame assembly. Combined scimitar ditch forming machine, the ditch forming shovel is installed behind the front-drive combined scimitar ditch forming machine, the depth-limiting ground wheel assembly is installed on both sides of the frame assembly, and the shoe opener is installed At the rear of the single disc loosening shovel, the groove wheel type fertilizer discharger is connected to the shoe type ditch opener through the fertilizer discharge hose, and the needle valve type rapeseed precision anti-blocking seed metering device is connected to the boot type ditch opener through the seeding hose. opener connection.

The frame assembly is composed of the front rectangular tube beam, the transmission gear box bracket, the rear rectangular tube beam, the fixed beam of the fertilizer discharger, the fixed beam of the seed meter, and the side plate of the frame. The front rectangular tube beam and the rear rectangular tube beam are arranged in parallel and welded on the inner side of the frame side plate, the gear transmission box bracket is welded in front of the middle of the rear rectangular tube beam, and the fixed beam of the fertilizer device and the fixed beam of the seed meter are arranged in parallel at the rear. The rear of the rectangular tube beam is welded on the inside of the frame side plate.

The single disc loosening shovel is composed of a combined cutter spoke, a positioning baffle, an adjusting bushing, an adjusting positioning device, a chisel-shaped loosening blade, and fastening bolts. The adjusting bushing is welded to the center of the combined cutter spoke, and the adjusting bushing is provided with an adjustment and positioning device. The 6 sets of chisel-shaped soil loosening blades are fixed on the combined cutter spoke by fastening bolts. Each chisel-shaped loosening blade is Positioning baffles are arranged on the sides.

Driven combined scimitar box ditch forming machine consists of combined frame, upper suspension point, rear hinge sleeve, hinge fixed shaft, transmission sprocket, bearing seat, combined cutter head, ditching machete, ditch wall forming knife, cutter shaft assembly Forming, box ditch forming shovel and other components. The combined cutter head is installed in the middle of the cutter shaft assembly, and 6 ditching machetes are installed on both sides of the combined cutter head, and 2 wall forming knives are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the combined cutter head. The end is equipped with a bearing seat, the right end of the cutter shaft assembly is installed with a transmission sprocket, the bearing seat is installed on the combined frame, the hinge fixed shaft is installed in the rear hinge sleeve at the rear of the combined frame, and the upper end of the box ditch forming shovel is welded on On the hinge fixed shaft, the upper part of the combination frame is provided with an upper suspension point.

The depth-limiting ground wheel assembly is composed of a ground wheel disc assembly, a tensioning device, a tillage depth adjustment device, a main drive sprocket, and a ground wheel shaft. The ground wheel disc assembly is installed on the ground wheel shaft, the ground wheel shaft is fixed on the tillage depth adjustment device, the tillage depth adjustment device is fixed in the middle of the side plate of the frame, and the main drive sprocket is installed on the inner side of the ground wheel disc assembly. The tensioning device is fixed on the right side of the tillage depth adjustment device.

Needle valve type rapeseed precision anti-blocking seed metering device consists of needle valve anti-blocking seeding plate assembly, seed metering device housing, cleaning brush, seed chamber, connecting bolts, seed metering device housing side plate, seeding device It is composed of the shaft of the seed meter, the bearing of the seed meter, the seed metering chamber, the interface of the seed metering pipe, the fixing bracket of the seed meter, the transmission sprocket, and the lock nut. There is a seed room above the seed meter housing, and the plugging brush is fixed in front of the lower part of the seed room. The seed meter housing is provided with a seed room. The valve anti-blocking seed disc assembly is installed on the seed meter shaft, and the seed meter shaft is respectively installed on the inside of the seed meter housing and the side plate of the seed meter housing through 2 seed meter bearings, and the seed meter housing The body and the side plate of the seed metering device are fixed together by connecting bolts, the fixing bracket of the seed metering device is fixed on the outside of the seed metering device, the left end of the seed metering device shaft is equipped with a drive sprocket, and the lock nut passes through the seed metering device The shaft holds the drive sprocket in place.

The transmission system of rapeseed no-tillage precision seeding and fertilizing machine equipped with the function of digging trenches consists of a transmission gearbox, a knife shaft, a transmission sprocket, a main transmission sprocket, a transmission sprocket, a fertilization and seeding transmission shaft, a fertilizer sprocket, Drive shaft sprocket, fertilizer discharge device drive chain, seed meter drive chain, drive shaft sprocket, ground wheel drive chain, etc. The transmission gear box drives the knife shaft, and the knife shaft sprocket fixed on the knife shaft drives the transmission sprocket through the transmission chain of the box ditch forming machine to drive the front-drive combined machete box ditch forming machine to complete the box ditch forming operation. When the depth-limiting ground wheel assembly is running and rotating, the main drive sprocket installed on the inner side of the ground wheel disc assembly drives the drive shaft sprocket on the fertilization and seeding drive shaft through the ground wheel drive chain, and the tensioning device is connected to the ground wheel drive chain. Tensioning, the drive shaft sprocket on the drive shaft for fertilization and sowing drives the sprocket of the fertilizer discharger through the drive chain of the fertilizer discharger to perform fertilizer discharge operations, and the drive shaft sprocket on the drive shaft for fertilization and sowing drives the needle valve through the drive chain of the seed meter The transmission sprocket of the type rapeseed precision anti-blocking seed metering device is used for seeding operations.

Before the no-tillage precision sowing and fertilizing machine equipped with the function of digging the box ditch, the single disc loosening shovel, the shoe type ditching shovel, and the grooved wheel type are determined according to the number of rows of crop sowing in the working width of the machine tool. The configuration quantity of fertilizer discharger, needle valve type rapeseed precision anti-blocking seed metering device and single seed box, and adjust the distance between single disc loose soil shovels and shoe type ditching according to the row spacing of crop sowing The distance between the shovels is adapted to the agronomic requirements of the sowing operation, and realizes no-tillage precision sowing and fertilization operations.

When the rapeseed no-tillage precision seeding and fertilizing machine equipped with the function of digging the box ditch is in operation, the depth-limiting ground wheel assembly is first adjusted to the specified sowing depth according to the agronomic requirements. The gear transmission box is used to drive the cutter shaft to perform rotary motion in the same direction as the unit advances. The cutter shaft drives the front-drive combined machete box ditch forming machine and the single disc loose soil shovel to perform rotary operations. The front-drive combined curved knife The cutter box ditch forming machine excavates the box ditch in the middle of the sowing working face, the single disc loosening shovel performs the plowing operation of the seed bed, and the depth-limiting ground wheel assembly drives the grooved wheel fertilizer discharge through the transmission system during travel The device and the needle valve type rapeseed precision anti-blocking seed metering device work, and the boot-type ditching shovel discharges the fertilizer and seeds into the soil along the seed bed after plowing with the single-drive disc loosening shovel. In the process of plowing and sowing, agronomic complex operations such as box ditch formation, seedbed plowing, fertilization and sowing, etc.

The advantage of the no-tillage precision sowing and fertilizing machine for rapeseed equipped with the function of excavating the box ditch of the utility model is that: the single disc loosening shovel is used to replace the traditional fixed rotary tillage machete combination, which solves the problem of the no-tillage sowing of the seeder. Problems such as poor seed bed formation during fertilization operations; equipped with a front-drive combined machete box ditch forming machine, which can simultaneously complete the compound operation of seedling ditch formation during seeding operations; equipped with needle valve type rapeseed precision anti-blocking Seed metering device, the seeding accuracy can meet the agronomic requirements of single rapeseed and prevent the blockage of the seed metering device. The machine can complete agronomic complex operations such as digging trenches, plowing seed beds, precision seeding, and applying fertilizers at the same time, thereby improving the work efficiency and utilization rate of the seeder, and reducing power consumption. It has a reasonable structure and multiple functions. , Easy to adjust, multi-purpose and other features, to meet the needs of conservation tillage and farmland seedling management operations, has broad application prospects.

Description of drawings

Concrete structure of the present utility model is provided by following embodiment and accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a no-tillage precision sowing and fertilizing machine for rapeseed equipped with the function of digging a box ditch of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the rack assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the single disc loosening shovel of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the drive type combined machete box ditch forming machine of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the depth-limiting ground wheel assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the needle-valve type rapeseed precision anti-blocking seed metering device of the present utility model.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the transmission system of the present invention.

Below in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 the utility model is described in detail.

In the figure 1. Suspension frame, 2. Transmission gear box, 3. Fertilizer box, 4. Groove wheel type fertilizer discharger, 5. Fertilizer discharge hose, 6. Single seed box, 7. Needle valve type rapeseed precision Anti-blocking seed metering device, 8. Seed metering hose, 9. Transmission system, 10. Frame assembly, 11. Boot type ditching shovel, 12. Depth-limiting ground wheel assembly, 13. Cutter shaft, 14. Single One-piece disc loose soil shovel, 15, box ditch forming shovel, 16, front-drive combined machete box ditch forming machine, 17, front rectangular tube beam, 18, transmission gear box bracket, 19, rear rectangular tube beam, 20. Fixed crossbeam for fertilizer discharger, 21. Fixed crossbeam for seed metering device, 22. Rack side plate, 23. Combination cutter disc, 24. Positioning baffle, 25. Adjusting bushing, 26. Adjusting positioning device, 27. Chisel shape loose soil blade, 28, fastening bolt, 29, combined frame, 30, upper suspension point, 31, rear hinge cover, 32, hinge fixed shaft, 33, transmission sprocket wheel, 34, bearing seat, 35, Combination cutterhead, 36. Ditching scimitar, 37. Ditch wall forming knife, 38. Cutter shaft assembly, 39. Ground wheel disc assembly, 40. Tensioning device, 41. Plowing depth adjustment device, 42. Main Transmission sprocket, 43, ground wheel shaft, 44, needle valve anti-blocking seeding disc assembly, 45, seed metering device housing, 46, cleaning brush, 47, seed chamber, 48, connecting bolts, 49, seeding Side plate of device housing, 50, seed meter shaft, 51, seed meter bearing, 52, seed meter chamber, 53, seed meter pipe interface, 54, seed meter fixed bracket, 55, drive sprocket, 56, lock Tight nut, 57, fertilization and seeding transmission shaft, 58, fertilizer discharge device sprocket, 59, transmission shaft sprocket, 60, fertilizer discharge device transmission chain, 61, seed meter transmission chain 62, transmission shaft main sprocket, 63, Ground wheel transmission chain, 64, knife shaft sprocket, 65, transmission chain of box ditch forming machine

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1: the suspension frame 1 and the transmission gear box 2 are installed on the front part of the frame assembly 10, the fertilizer box 3 and the groove wheel type fertilizer discharge device 4 are arranged in the middle part of the frame assembly 10, and the single seed box 6 and the needle valve type rapeseed precision anti-blocking seed metering device 7 are arranged at the rear of the frame assembly 10, and the single disc loose soil shovel 14 is fixed on the cutter shaft 13 and installed on the frame assembly 10 and the transmission The bottom of the gear box 2 and the bottom of the front part of the frame assembly 10 are installed with a front-driven combined machete compartment ditch forming machine 16, and the compartment ditch forming shovel 15 is installed behind the front-driven combined machete compartment ditch forming machine 16 , the depth-limiting ground wheel assembly 12 is arranged on both sides of the frame assembly 10, the shoe-type ditch opener 11 is arranged behind the single disc loosening shovel 14, and the grooved wheel fertilizer device 4 passes through the fertilizer row. The pipe 5 is connected to the boot-type ditch opener 11 , and the needle-valve rapeseed precision anti-blocking seed metering device 7 is connected to the boot-type ditch opener 11 through the seeding hose 8 .

As shown in Figure 2: the front rectangular tube beam 17 and the rear rectangular tube beam 19 are arranged in parallel and welded on the inner side of the frame side plate 22, the gear transmission box bracket 18 is welded in front of the middle part of the rear rectangular tube beam 19, and the fertilizer discharger fixes the beam 20 and seed meter fixed crossbeam 21 are arranged in parallel successively at the rear of rear rectangular pipe crossbeam 19 and are welded on the inboard side of frame side plate 22.

As shown in Figure 3: the adjusting bushing 25 is welded to the center of the combined cutter spoke disc 23, the adjusting bushing 25 is provided with an adjusting positioning device 26, and 6 groups of chisel-shaped soil loosening blades 27 are fixed on the combined cutter spoke by fastening bolts 28. On the disc 23, a positioning baffle 24 is provided on the side of each chisel-shaped soil loosening blade 27.

As shown in Figure 4: the combination cutter head 35 is installed in the middle part of the cutter shaft assembly 38, and 6 ditching machetes 36 are respectively installed on both sides of the combination cutter head 35, and 2 ditching machetes 36 are respectively installed on the left side and the right side of the combination cutter head 35. The wall forming knife 37, the two ends of cutter shaft assembly 38 are equipped with bearing block 34, the right end of cutter shaft assembly 38 is equipped with transmission sprocket 33, and bearing seat 34 is installed on the combination frame 29, and hinge fixed shaft 32 is installed on In the rear hinge cover 31 of the combined frame 29 rear parts, the upper end of the compartment ditch forming shovel 15 is welded on the hinge fixed shaft 32, and the top of the combined frame 29 is provided with an upper suspension point 30.

As shown in Figure 5: the ground wheel disc assembly 39 is installed on the ground wheel shaft 43, the ground wheel shaft 43 is fixed on the tillage depth adjustment device 41, the tillage depth adjustment device 41 is fixed on the middle part of the frame side plate 22, the main transmission chain Wheel 42 is installed on the inboard of ground wheel disc assembly 39, and tensioning device 40 is fixed on the right side of plowing depth adjusting device 41.

As shown in Figure 6: the top of the seed meter housing 45 is provided with a seed chamber 47, the cleaning brush 46 is fixed in the front of the lower part of the seed chamber 47, and the bottom of the seed meter housing 45 is provided with a seed chamber 52, The seed pipe interface 53 is connected to the bottom of the seed chamber 52, the needle valve anti-blocking seed disk assembly 44 is installed on the seed meter shaft 50, and the seed meter shaft 50 is respectively installed on the row through two seed meter bearings 51. The inner side of the seed meter housing 45 and the seed meter housing side plate 49, the seed meter housing 45 and the seed meter housing side plate 49 are fixed as one by connecting bolts 48, and the seed meter fixing bracket 54 is fixed on the seed metering device. Below the outside of the device housing 45, the drive sprocket 55 is installed on the left end of the seed meter shaft 50, and the locking nut 56 fixes the drive sprocket 55 by the seed meter shaft 50.

As shown in Figure 7: the transmission gear box 2 drives the cutter shaft 13, and the cutter shaft sprocket 64 fixed on the cutter shaft 13 drives the transmission sprocket 33 through the transmission chain 65 of the box ditch forming machine to drive the front-drive combined scimitar box Ditch forming machine 16. When the depth-limiting ground wheel assembly 12 walks and rotates, it drives the main drive sprocket 42, and the main drive sprocket 42 drives the drive shaft main sprocket 62 on the fertilization and sowing drive shaft 57 through the ground wheel drive chain 63, and the tensioning device 40 is aligned with the ground. Wheel transmission chain 63 is tensioned, and the transmission shaft sprocket 59 on the fertilization and sowing drive shaft 57 drives the fertilizer discharger sprocket 58 on the grooved wheel type fertilizer discharger 4 by the fertilizer discharger drive chain 60, and the fertilization and sowing drive shaft 57 The drive shaft sprocket 59 drives the drive sprocket 55 of the needle valve type rapeseed precision anti-blocking seed meter 7 through the seed meter drive chain 62.

Example

Before sowing, determine the unitary disc loosening shovel 14, boot type ditching shovel 11, grooved wheel type fertilizer discharger 4, needle valve type rapeseed precision anti Block the configuration quantity of the seed meter 7 and the single seed box 6, and adjust the distance between the single-type disc loosening shovels 14 and the distance between the boot-type ditching shovels 11 according to the row spacing of crop sowing, so as to adapt to sowing The agronomic requirements of the operation are met, and no-tillage precision sowing and fertilization operations are realized.

When working, first adjust the depth-limiting ground wheel assembly 12 to the specified sowing depth according to the agronomic requirements. When the tractor pulls a constant speed linear motion, the power output of the tractor drives the gear transmission box 2 to drive the cutter shaft 13 to move forward with the same unit. Rotary movement in the direction, the cutter shaft 13 drives the front-drive combined machete box ditch forming machine 16 and the single disc loosening shovel 14 to perform rotary operations, and the front-drive combined machete box ditch forming machine 16 is working in the sowing The middle part of the surface is excavated with a box ditch, and the single-body disc loosening shovel 14 is used for plowing the seed bed. The depth-limiting ground wheel assembly 12 drives the grooved wheel fertilizer discharger 4 and the needle valve through the transmission system 9 during travel. The type rapeseed precision anti-blocking seed metering device 7 works, and the boot-type ditching shovel 11 discharges fertilizer and seeds into the soil along the single-type drive type disc loosening shovel 14 to plow the seed bed, and no-tillage is completed at one time. During the sowing process, agronomic complex operations such as the formation of the compartment ditch, the cultivation of the seed bed, fertilization and sowing, etc.

Claims (1)

1. the rape no-tillage precision drilling fertilizer distributor that is equipped with excavation railway carriage or compartment ditch function is by hanger bracket, uni-drive gear box, fertilizer can, the grooved pulley type fertilizer apparatus, the fertilizer flexible pipe, the monomer seed-box, the anti-blocking seeding unit of needle valve rape seed precision amount, the seeding flexible pipe, transmission system, support assembly, boots formula furrower, limit is wheel assembly deeply, cutter shaft, monomer-type disk break shovel, railway carriage or compartment channel forming shovel, pre-driver formula combination tulwar railway carriage or compartment channel forming machine is formed, it is characterized in that: hanger bracket and uni-drive gear box are installed in the front portion of support assembly, fertilizer can and grooved pulley type fertilizer apparatus are arranged on the middle part of support assembly, monomer seed-box and the anti-blocking seeding unit of needle valve rape seed precision amount are arranged on the rear portion of support assembly, monomer-type disk break shovel is fixed on the below that is installed in support assembly and uni-drive gear box on the cutter shaft, pre-driver formula combination tulwar railway carriage or compartment channel forming machine is installed in the below of support assembly front portion, railway carriage or compartment channel forming shovel is installed in the rear of pre-driver formula combination tulwar railway carriage or compartment channel forming machine, limit wheel assembly deeply is arranged on the both sides of support assembly, shoe colter is arranged on the rear of monomer-type disk break shovel, the grooved pulley type fertilizer apparatus is connected with shoe colter by the fertilizer flexible pipe, and the anti-blocking seeding unit of needle valve rape seed precision amount is connected with shoe colter by the seeding flexible pipe.

Images