CN200959766Y - Multifunctional grass foil water cultivation floating bed - Google Patents
Multifunctional grass foil water cultivation floating bed Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN200959766Y CN200959766Y CNU2006200197487U CN200620019748U CN200959766Y CN 200959766 Y CN200959766 Y CN 200959766Y CN U2006200197487 U CNU2006200197487 U CN U2006200197487U CN 200620019748 U CN200620019748 U CN 200620019748U CN 200959766 Y CN200959766 Y CN 200959766Y
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- floating
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- paper tinsel
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 39
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 39
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 51
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 241000508725 Elymus repens Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007171 Imperata cylindrica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269799 Perca fluviatilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
A multi-functional grass foil floating cultural floating-bed used for artificial floating cultivated plants uses the wooden frame as the floating body, the plant straw with certain flexible natures like rice straw and couch grass and so on as the materials of anchoring plants, while the utility model is a square biological floating-bed using the vermiculite and so on as for culturing the matrix and can be combined into a biological floating-bed with any size and any shape, which can be used not only as a culturing apparatus of aquatic economic plant, but also for plant landscaping in the water area environment of lakes, rivers, canals and so on or 'biological purification'of the eutrophic water in the above water areas. The utility model reaches the effects of water purification and environment beautifying by using the absorption and sorption of the plant roots and the antagonistic mechanism among the species competition to reduce the nitrogen, the phosphor and organic matters. Compared with the prior art, the utility model is characterized in that the bed has extensive material sources and is of simple techniques, low cost and durable services.
Description
Technical field the utility model relates to a kind of utensil of plant floating cultivation, is used for lake and the river that the view requirement is arranged carried out " greening waterborne " and eutrophication water is carried out " biological cleaning ".
Background technology " plant floating cultivation floating bed " is the utensil of a kind of artificial floating cultivation plant of similar floating on water surface raft, be placed in the water behind some hygrophytes in cultivation on this artificial plant cultivation floating bed waterborne, constitute a kind of can be in the biological and ecological subenvironment of " chinampa " of water float shape." chinampa " is meant because peat horizon upwards floats effect originally, the plant part of loke shore is cut off, and swims in a kind of natural phenomena of the water surface.So " plant cultivation floating bed waterborne " is also referred to as " artificial article floating island ".
The title of " artificial article floating island ", the BESTMAN company by Germany before 20 years proposes, and is mainly used in the plantation economic plants.There are shape and structure, the manufacturing materials of " artificial article floating island " that several country invents all different now.In the prior art, the artificial floating island of Japan be with the inflation rubber raft as floating bed, place the plant cultivation layer that the chassis that formed by the cocoanut fiber braiding and peat are formed on the floating bed, 500 yuans of every construction cost per square meters; The artificial floating island of the U.S. then adds expanded polystyrene (EPS) with filling in the thicker stainless steel tube, special expanded polystyrene (EPS) adds materials such as special synthetic resin, salinization ethene synthetic resin, concrete and is made into floating bed, place matrix such as peat, vermiculite on the floating bed as the plant cultivation layer, some moisture loving plants of plantation on the cultivation layer, place it in lake, the river floating, 8000 yuans of every construction cost per square meters.Above-mentioned two kinds of artificial bio-membrane's floating bed volumes are big, and quality is heavy, and inconvenience is installed and discharged, and cost is also high, just uses at small size.
In recent years, because environmental pollution, the river of China, water body in lake pollute serious day by day, and a lot of rivers, water body in lake can't bear to drink.Even more serious is, a lot of rivers, water body in lake blackening are smelly, have a strong impact on people health, and people have adopted and a lot of physics can not deal with problems with water tackling method chemistry.In order to seek solution better, our seminar is under the Department of Science and Technology subsidizes, take the lead in adopting " plant floating cultivation floating bed " technology that the water quality of eutrophication such as lake, river, irrigation canals and ditches is carried out " biological cleaning " at home, utilize ecological engineering principle, the content of the COD in the degradation water, nitrogen, phosphorus is as the water environment treatment technology.By years of researches and experiment, obtained significant effect.
This technology is exactly as carrier with artificial floating bed, moisture loving plant is planted on the floating bed, it is placed to the water surface of eutrophication water, absorption by plant root on the artificial floating bed, suction-operated and species competition restriction or checking relation in five elements mechanism, cut down the nitrogen in the enrichment water body, phosphorus and organic substance, thereby reach the effect that purifies water, create the environmental condition that suitable multiple biology lives and multiplies, rebuild and the recovery aquatic ecosystem in finite region, and by results plant method it is moved away from water body, water quality is improved, it is clear that water body becomes, create the target of graceful water environment.Plant floating cultivation floating bed itself also has suitable covers, wave absorption, provides effect such as feed, has constituted the good condition that fish are lived, and can be used as the fish place of living, and also can be used as the place that lay eggs bed and the aquatile of fish perch.Plant on the plant floating cultivation floating bed forms after the natural community, also can be used as the space of living of birds, insects.Therefore, " plant floating cultivation floating bed " has multiple ecological functions.
In order to develop the plant floating cultivation floating bed that is fit to China's national situation, originally, we adopted foamed plastics as buoyancy aid, got the small sircle hole that is evenly distributed on foamed plastics, the various suitable plants of plantation have good clean-up effect through experiment to water body on circular hole.But, can't forbid the setback of stormy waves waterborne because foamed plastics is broken easily.Afterwards seminar to adopt bamboo raft again be that buoyancy aid is made artificial floating bed, effect is also fine, not only cost is low, raw material is also extensive, has also applied for utility model patent thus.But owing to bamboo easily breaks, and soak time has been grown and can have been fallen apart in water, so also there is certain problem.
Along with the attention of people to environmental problem, to the particularly also very concern of natural landscape situation of waterside of natural environment, therefore, " plant floating cultivation floating bed " not only purifies water, creates the biological space of living, improves view, wave absorption because of having, create waiting beyond the integrated function of the diversity ecosystem, also be difficult to recover the lakes and marhshes of bank water plants band or have a wide range of applications in closed waters such as the lake that has view to require, ponds at the big reservoir of water-level fluctuation or because of the reason of wave.
Summary of the invention the utility model provides a kind of " multi-functional careless paper tinsel floating cultivation floating bed ", and it is a kind of combined type plant floating cultivation floating bed of suitable China's national situation.In order to overcome existing biologic float bed deficiency, the utility model solves the technical scheme that its technical problem adopts and is: be cut into needed length with wood materials, do the wooden frame of rectangularity as biologic float bed buoyancy aid.At the wooden frame of rectangle bottom layer overlay nylon gauze, in the wooden frame of rectangle, put lightweight cultivation matrixes such as one deck vermiculite, put last layer above again and have thick about 1 centimetre careless paper tinsel that certain flexible straw is compiled into, in order to the fixing plant of being planted with straw, cogongrass etc.The wooden frame of rectangle four limits have outwards outstanding connection handle, bore 1 aperture on each connection handle respectively, connect and are fixed into large-area biologic float bed in order to the connection handle on the floating bed identical with other.This floating bed not only is fit to the vast rural area of China gathers materials on the spot and makes, and has characteristics such as technology is simple, cheap, durable in use.This " multi-functional careless paper tinsel floating cultivation floating bed " except planting each plant species in the above, also can directly sow various plant seeds on careless paper tinsel, as a kind of seedbed of botanical seedling culturing waterborne of novelty.During serike, on the careless paper tinsel of plant cultivating on the cultivation floating bed,, put plant, decontrol hand again, utilize the elastic force of careless paper tinsel straw planting object can be fixed as long as push careless paper tinsel aside a slit gently.Lightweight cultivation matrixes such as the vermiculite of placing on the floating bed not only have further grappling effect to root system of plant, also have the effect of protecting fertile water conservation.Along with the growing up gradually of plant on the floating bed, the prosperity gradually of root system and solid certainly, also can draw nutriment from losing fixedly plant effect and rotten gradually careless paper tinsel gradually, root system of plant can also stretch into water body by the hole of cultivation matrix and nylon gauze and absorb nutrient in the water.The monomer weight of " multi-functional careless paper tinsel floating cultivation floating bed " is light, and volume is little, is fit to install and carrying.The present invention can be interconnected by a plurality of monomer floating beds and be combined into large-area disjunctor floating bed, can also freely form difformity according to different water environments, aggregate erection and to discharge carrying all very convenient.The beneficial effects of the utility model are: " multi-functional careless paper tinsel floating cultivation floating bed " is not only extensive because of material than other floating beds, technology simply can reduce cost significantly; suitable China applies in vast rural area; and has important function to beautifying town and country water environment or pollution control of water, preserving the ecological environment.
Description of drawings is further described the utility model below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is according to the outline drawing that the utility model proposes " multi-functional careless paper tinsel floating cultivation floating bed " monomer structure.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of " multi-functional careless paper tinsel floating cultivation floating bed " monomer structure.
Fig. 3 is that " multi-functional careless paper tinsel floating cultivation floating bed " each monomer interconnects the schematic diagram that is combined into the disjunctor floating bed.
Among the figure: 1. wooden frame, 2. careless paper tinsel, 3. nylon gauze, 4. frame support, 5. cultivation matrix, the 6. careless paper tinsel slit of being pushed aside, 7. connection handle.
In Fig. 2, utility model constitutes square buoyancy aid with wooden frame (1) and frame support (4) through fixing, and the frame bottom is fixing with nylon gauze (3), nylon gauze upper berth one deck lightweight cultivation matrix (5).On cultivation matrix (5), above the promptly wooden frame buoyancy aid, fixing one deck grass paper tinsel (2), wooden frame (1) are gone up outwards outstanding connection handle (7) and are used for connecting with other identical monomer floating beds that to be combined into large-area disjunctor biologic float bed.
Embodiment is cut into suitable length with the wood materials of certain thickness, and is fixed into square wooden frame (1), as the buoyancy aid of plant floating cultivation floating bed.The usefulness wood materials as frame support (4), makes frame more firm in wooden frame in addition.At shop, wooden frame (1) bottom one deck nylon gauze (3), and be fixed on the wooden frame (1), at nylon gauze upper berth one deck lightweight cultivation matrix (5), on cultivation matrix, shop one deck grass paper tinsel (2) makes careless paper tinsel closely contact with cultivation matrix (5).When serike, as long as careless paper tinsel is pushed aside gently, put plant in the lining, slit (6) that careless paper tinsel is pushed aside, and root system of plant is embedded in the cultivation matrix (5), and decontrol hand again, can utilize the elastic force of careless paper tinsel that plant is fixed, the grass paper tinsel is grown up gradually plant, root system of plant is progressively flourishing can to rot after solid gradually, becomes plant food on the floating bed, slowly by plant absorbing; When growing seedlings, plant seed is then directly sowed on careless paper tinsel as seedbed waterborne, plant seedlings can be on careless paper tinsel germinating growth.Lightweight cultivation matrixes (5) such as the vermiculite of placing on the floating bed not only have the grappling effect to root system of plant, also have the effect of protecting fertile water conservation, and root system of plant can also stretch into water body by the hole of cultivation matrix and nylon gauze and absorb nutrient in the water.Outwards pass aperture in the aperture of outstanding connection handle (7) with the coir rope of soaking-resistant or nylon rope at wooden frame buoyancy aid and be connected, in order to be combined into any disjunctor plant floating cultivation floating bed of small size greatly with connection handle on identical other monomer floating beds.
Claims (3)
1. multi-functional careless paper tinsel floating cultivation floating bed, it is characterized in that: in wooden frame, constitute the cultivation floating bed by careless paper tinsel, cultivation matrix, nylon gauze, careless paper tinsel places wooden frame top in order to fixing plant, and nylon gauze is accepted cultivation matrix in wooden frame bottom.
2. multi-functional careless paper tinsel floating cultivation floating bed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: careless paper tinsel constitutes by having certain flexible gentle matter straw establishment.
3. according to claim 1,2 described multi-functional careless paper tinsel floating cultivation floating beds, it is characterized in that: wooden frame outer rim has outwards outstanding connection handle, is connected combination in order to similar floating bed with other.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2006200197487U CN200959766Y (en) | 2006-04-30 | 2006-04-30 | Multifunctional grass foil water cultivation floating bed |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2006200197487U CN200959766Y (en) | 2006-04-30 | 2006-04-30 | Multifunctional grass foil water cultivation floating bed |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN200959766Y true CN200959766Y (en) | 2007-10-17 |
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| CNU2006200197487U Expired - Fee Related CN200959766Y (en) | 2006-04-30 | 2006-04-30 | Multifunctional grass foil water cultivation floating bed |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101863557A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2010-10-20 | 唐山师范学院 | The making and using method of screen type ecological floating bed |
| CN102172144A (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2011-09-07 | 肖燕 | Method for planting vegetables in eutrophic water in floating way |
| CN102554997A (en) * | 2012-02-20 | 2012-07-11 | 华侨大学 | Method for manufacturing artificial floating bed materials by aid of tea leaf residues |
| CN103858632A (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2014-06-18 | 深圳市益水生态科技有限公司 | Method for making composite submerged plant turf |
| CN104229998A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-12-24 | 浙江伟达园林工程有限公司 | Natural style ecological floating bed and construction method thereof |
| CN104756847A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2015-07-08 | 深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司 | Aquatic plant planting floating bed, planting floating bed group and planting method |
| CN104803481A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-07-29 | 上海市南洋模范中学 | Water ecological restoration process using biomass carbon source stereoscopic combined floating bed |
| CN105432454A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-03-30 | 湖南立信生态农业综合开发有限公司 | Fresh water surface rice soilless culture device and application thereof |
| CN108377723A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-08-10 | 中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所 | A kind of the wetland plant seed acquisition equipment and method of waterpower propagation |
| CN109607803A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-04-12 | 广东第二师范学院 | A method for purifying waterfowl breeding sewage by using a ground millet floating bed and a floating bed using the method |
| CN111345176A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-30 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Open-air transplantation device of sea grass seed with adjustable |
| CN113678720A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-23 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Wind-wave-resistant salt-tolerant emergent aquatic plant ecological floating bed suitable for river mouth and planting method |
-
2006
- 2006-04-30 CN CNU2006200197487U patent/CN200959766Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101863557A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2010-10-20 | 唐山师范学院 | The making and using method of screen type ecological floating bed |
| CN102172144A (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2011-09-07 | 肖燕 | Method for planting vegetables in eutrophic water in floating way |
| CN102172144B (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2012-12-05 | 云南福保农业科技开发有限公司 | Method for planting vegetables in eutrophic water in floating way |
| CN102554997A (en) * | 2012-02-20 | 2012-07-11 | 华侨大学 | Method for manufacturing artificial floating bed materials by aid of tea leaf residues |
| CN102554997B (en) * | 2012-02-20 | 2014-08-13 | 华侨大学 | Method for manufacturing artificial floating bed materials by aid of tea leaf residues |
| CN104756847A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2015-07-08 | 深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司 | Aquatic plant planting floating bed, planting floating bed group and planting method |
| CN104803481A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-07-29 | 上海市南洋模范中学 | Water ecological restoration process using biomass carbon source stereoscopic combined floating bed |
| CN103858632A (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2014-06-18 | 深圳市益水生态科技有限公司 | Method for making composite submerged plant turf |
| CN103858632B (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2018-05-15 | 深圳市益水生态科技有限公司 | A kind of production method of combined type submerged plant turf |
| CN104229998A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-12-24 | 浙江伟达园林工程有限公司 | Natural style ecological floating bed and construction method thereof |
| CN104229998B (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-08-24 | 浙江伟达园林工程有限公司 | Natural style is biological floating bed and method of construction |
| CN105432454A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-03-30 | 湖南立信生态农业综合开发有限公司 | Fresh water surface rice soilless culture device and application thereof |
| CN108377723A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-08-10 | 中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所 | A kind of the wetland plant seed acquisition equipment and method of waterpower propagation |
| CN108377723B (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2023-07-11 | 中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所 | Hydraulic propagation wetland plant seed capturing device and method |
| CN109607803A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-04-12 | 广东第二师范学院 | A method for purifying waterfowl breeding sewage by using a ground millet floating bed and a floating bed using the method |
| CN111345176A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-30 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Open-air transplantation device of sea grass seed with adjustable |
| CN113678720A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-23 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Wind-wave-resistant salt-tolerant emergent aquatic plant ecological floating bed suitable for river mouth and planting method |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |