CN1990379A - 具有双燃烧器的氢发生器及其操作方法 - Google Patents

具有双燃烧器的氢发生器及其操作方法 Download PDF

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CN1990379A
CN1990379A CNA2006101215646A CN200610121564A CN1990379A CN 1990379 A CN1990379 A CN 1990379A CN A2006101215646 A CNA2006101215646 A CN A2006101215646A CN 200610121564 A CN200610121564 A CN 200610121564A CN 1990379 A CN1990379 A CN 1990379A
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朴泰相
李瞳雨
金纯澔
李斗焕
李弦哲
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Samsung SDI Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有双燃烧器的氢发生器和操作该氢发生器的方法。具有双燃烧器的氢发生器包括：壳体；阻挡壁，用来将壳体内空间分成第一室和第二室；安装在第一室内的燃料重组器和用来加热燃料重组器的第一燃烧器；安装在第二室内的变换反应器和安装在阻挡壁上以加热变换反应器的第二燃烧器；分别点燃第一燃烧器和第二燃烧器的第一点火器和第二点火器。

Description

具有双燃烧器的氢发生器及其操作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有双燃烧器的氢发生器和一种操作该氢发生器的方法，更具体来说，涉及一种具有双燃烧器以便减少变换反应器的启动时间的氢发生器和一种操作该氢发生器的方法。
背景技术
燃料电池是一种发电系统，它能把氢和氧的化学能转化为电能。氢包含在烃类材料比如甲醇、乙醇和天然气中。燃料电池系统包括利用液态氢的燃料电池系统和利用氢气的燃料电池系统。
利用氢气的燃料电池包括燃料电池组和燃料处理器。燃料电池组构成燃料电池的主体，并具有这样的结构，即，其中包括数个至数十个电池单元，每个电池单元包括薄膜电极组件(MEA)和隔板。
图1是燃料电池系统的框图。
参照图1，包含氢原子的燃料在燃料处理器内被重组成氢气，供应给燃料电池组。燃料电池组通过氢气和氧之间的电化学反应产生电能。
燃料处理器包括脱硫器和氢发生器。氢发生器包括燃料重组器和变换反应器
脱硫器去除燃料中的硫，防止在燃料重组器和变换反应器中的催化剂被硫化合物中毒。
燃料重组器通过重组烃类产生氢，但同时也产生二氧化碳和一氧化碳。一氧化碳会毒害燃料电池组的电极使用的催化剂。因此，被还原的燃料不能直接提供给燃料电池组，必须通过一个可以移除一氧化碳的装置，称为变换反应器。该变换反应器可能将燃料中的一氧化碳减少至少于10ppm。
为移除一氧化碳，需采用以下三种反应，即转化反应/甲烷化反应/PROX反应。
[反应1]
CO+H2O→CO2+H2
[反应2]
CO+2H2→CH4+1/2O2
[反应3]
CO+1/2O2→CO2
为了利用上述转化反应使燃料中含有的一氧化碳少于10ppm，变换反应器必须维持在高于200℃的温度。把变换反应器的温度升高到200℃需要耗时约一个小时。但是，考虑到需要电能时应能立即使用，等一个小时才能使用电能是一种时间浪费。因此，很多研究人员在改善这种不利影响。
日本公开专利No.2004-31280已经公开了一种采用一个燃烧器连续加热燃料重组器和变换反应器的装置。当采用加热燃料重组器的燃烧器加热变换反应器时，变换反应器与燃烧器分开定位，需要长时间才能把变换反应器温度升高到工作温度。
日本公开专利No.2001-354404公开了一种用附加的电加热器加热变换反应器的系统。不过，该系统消耗大量电能。
于是，需要开发一种氢发电器，它具有简单的结构并且能迅速升高变换反应器的温度。
发明内容
本发明提供一种具有双燃烧器的氢发生器，以便减少变换反应器的启动时间。
本发明还提供了一种操作该氢发生器的方法。
根据本发明的一个方面，在此提供了一种具有双燃烧器的氢发生器，包括：壳体；用来把壳体内部空间分为第一室和第二室的阻挡壁；安装在第一室内的燃料重组器和加热燃料重组器的第一燃烧器；安装在第二室内的变换反应器和安装在阻挡壁上用于加热变换反应器的第二燃烧器；分别点燃第一燃烧器和第二燃烧器的第一点火器和第二点火器。
第二燃烧器可包括在阻挡壁的对应于变换反应器的区域内形成的多个孔。
该第二燃烧器上的孔直径各自为3毫米或更小。
用于使来自第一燃烧器燃烧气体穿过的气体入口/出口设置在阻挡壁上。
第二点火器可以是火花塞。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种操作具有双燃烧器的氢发生器的方法，包括：通过在第二燃烧器内燃烧提供给第一燃烧器的燃料来加热变换反应器；当变换反应器温度高于预定温度时点燃第一燃烧器来加热燃料重组器；其中第一燃烧器点燃时，通过切断向第二燃烧器的燃料供给来关闭第二燃烧器。
加热变换反应器可以包括关闭形成在阻挡壁上的气体入口/出口，而加热燃料重组器可以包括打开气体入口/出口。
附图说明
本发明的上述和其他特征以及优势将通过参照附图对本发明具体实施例的详细描述变得更加清楚，其中：
图1是传统燃料电池系统的框图；
图2是根据本发明实施例的具有双燃烧器的氢发生器的示意图；和
图3是根据本发明的实施例的具有双燃烧器的氢发生器和传统的具有一个燃烧器的氢发生器的变换反应器的温度随时间变化的曲线图。
具体实施方式
现在参照本发明的实施例的附图更加充分的说明本发明。在图中，为表达清楚起见，层的厚度和区域进行了夸张。
图2是根据本发明实施例的具有双燃烧器的氢发生器的示意图。
参照图2，燃料重组器30和变换反应器60设置于壳体10内。燃料重组器30和变换反应器60分别包括燃料重组和转化反应所需的催化剂(未显示)。第一燃烧器20安装在燃料重组器30的一侧(图2中的下侧)，烃类气体，比如甲醇和空气(或富氧空气)被从外界供给至第一燃烧器20。点燃第一燃烧器20的第一点火器22安装在第一燃烧器20上。
用来把壳体的空间分成第一室和第二室的阻挡壁40设置在壳体10内。第二燃烧器50安装在阻挡壁40上。燃料重组器30安装在第一室内且变换反应器60安装在第二室内。变换反应器60安装在第二燃烧器50上方。第二燃烧器50用来初始加热变换反应器60。点燃第二燃烧器50的第二点火器52，即，火花塞安装在第二燃烧器50的一侧。同时，阻挡壁40包括气体入口/出口44。多个孔42形成在阻挡壁40上或阻挡壁40上的附加元件也可作用为第二燃烧器50。所述孔42可形成为直径小于约3毫米以防止逆火。
该氢发生器包括：第一管道70，通过该管道向燃料重组器30提供烃类气体比如甲醇和水；第二管道80，该第二管道80用来把重组的氢气、二氧化碳、一氧化碳和水蒸汽从燃料重组器30传输到变换反应器60，以及第三管道90，该第三管道90用来把氢气从变换反应器60排放到外界。第一热交换器72安装在第一管道70和第三管道90之间，第二热交换器74安装在第一管道70和第二管道80之间。热交换器72和74可以设置成不同形式，例如，第一管道70可设置为穿过在第二管道80和第三管道90处形成的室(未示出)。
在壳体10上形成将来自第一和第二燃烧器20和50的气体排出而经过的气体出口14。来自第一燃烧器20的废气用来预热变换反应器60、第一管道70和第二管道80。壳体10、阻挡壁40和燃烧器50可以采用耐火且热传导率低的材料制成。
图3是根据本发明实施例的具有双燃烧器的氢发生器和传统的具有一个燃烧器的氢发生器的变换反应器的温度随时间变化的曲线图。
参照图3，具有双燃烧器的氢发生器的变换反应器60需要约35分钟达到200℃的工作温度。但是，具有单一燃烧器的氢发生器的变换反应器60需要35分钟达到100℃，需要多于60分钟的时间达到200℃。如上所述，根据本发明的具有双燃烧器的氢发生器可以减少启动时间。同时，根据本发明制成的氢发生器不需要额外的用于第二燃烧器的燃料供应线，这是因为燃料和氧气通过用于燃料重组器30的第一燃烧器20供应。
以下说明根据本发明的具有双燃烧器的氢发生器的操作方法。
在气体入口/出口44关闭的情况下，通过与第一燃烧器20连接的燃料管道和空气管道向第一室提供燃料气体和空气。提供给第一室的燃料气体和空气通过第二燃烧器50的多个孔42向第二室移动。此时，当第二点火器52点燃时，第二燃烧器50被点燃。于是，变换反应器60被加热。当变换反应器60达到约100℃时，第一燃烧器20利用第一点火器22点燃。与第一燃烧器20被点燃的同时或者从第一燃烧器20被点燃起经过一段短时间滞后，气体入口/出口44被打开。
来自第一燃烧器20的燃烧气体(CO2，H2O，空气)通过气体入口/出口44进入第二室和第二燃烧器50。第二燃烧器50被关闭，且成为来自第一燃烧器20的燃烧气体的通道。当燃料重组器30的温度升高到超过200℃时，水通过第一管道70提供。提供到第一管道70的水在通过第一管道70、第一热交换器72和第二热交换器74时蒸发。接着，变换反应器60的温度因穿过燃料重组器30的水蒸气和来自第一燃烧器20的燃烧气体而升高。当燃料重组器30的温度超过600℃且变换反应器60的温度达到超过200℃时，烃类气体和水通过第一管道70。燃料重组器30和变换反应器60的温度不仅可以通过控制燃料的量来控制，还可以通过控制提供给第一管道70的水量来控制。同时，第一和第二热交换器72和74可以预热通过第一管道70的水。
进入第二室的燃烧气体通过气体出口14排放到外界。穿过气体出口14的燃烧气体可用来预热燃料堆(未示出)。穿过第三管道90的氢气被提供给阳极。
根据本发明的具有双燃烧器的氢发生器可以减少氢发生器的启动时间。而且，用于变换反应器并包括具有多个孔的阻挡壁的燃烧器利用提供给用于燃料重组器的燃烧器的燃料和氧。因此，一条燃料供应线用于两个燃烧器，简化了氢发生器的结构。
虽然参照本发明的示例性实施例具体图示和描述了本发明，但是，本领域技术人员应理解到在不背离所附权利要求书限定的本发明的精髓和范围的前提下，可以在形式和细节上对本发明作出各种变化。

Claims (7)

1.一种具有双燃烧器的氢发生器，包括：
壳体；
阻挡壁，该阻挡壁将壳体内的空间分成第一室和第二室；
安装在所述第一室内的燃料重组器和加热燃料重组器的第一燃烧器；
安装在所述第二室内的变换反应器和形成在阻挡壁内以加热所述变换反应器的第二燃烧器；和
分别点燃第一燃烧器和第二燃烧器的第一点火器和第二点火器。
2.如权利要求1所述的氢发生器，其中所述第二燃烧器包括多个孔，所述多个孔形成在阻挡壁的与变换反应器相对应的区域内。
3.如权利要求2所述的氢发生器，其中所述第二燃烧器的孔的直径各自小于3毫米。
4.如权利要求1所述的氢发生器，其中在所述阻挡壁上形成用于穿过来自第一燃烧器的燃烧气体的气体入口/出口。
5.如权利要求1所述的氢发生器，其中所述第二点火器为火花塞。
6.一种操作如权利要求1所述的具有双燃烧器的氢发生器的方法，包括：
通过在第二燃烧器内燃烧提供给第一燃烧器的燃料来加热变换反应器；
在变换反应器的温度高于预定温度时通过点燃第一燃烧器来加热燃料重组器；
其中通过在第一燃烧器被点燃时切断向第二燃烧器的燃料供给来熄灭第二燃烧器。
7.如权利要求6所述的该方法，其中
加热变换反应器包括关闭在阻挡壁内形成的气体入口/出口；且
加热燃料重组器包括打开所述气体入口/出口。
CNB2006101215646A 2005-12-30 2006-08-22 具有双燃烧器的氢发生器及其操作方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100542948C (zh)

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