CN1990230A - 用于深孔钻削的涂覆刀片 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种制造尤其用于深孔钻削的切削刀片，所述刀片包括硬质合金主体和涂层。所述硬质合金主体包括WC，8－11wt％Co和0.1－0.5wt％Cr，具有18－22kA/m的HcJ值和0.78－0.90的CW值。该涂层包括：第一、最内TiCxNyOz层，其中x+y+z＝1，y＞x且z＜0.2，其具有尺寸＜0.5μm的等轴晶粒，并且总厚度为0.1－1.5μm，TiCxNy层，其中x+y＝1，x＞0.3且y＞0.3，厚度为2－3μm，并具有平均直径＜5μm的柱状晶粒，光滑、细粒、0.5－2μm的k－Al2O3层，具有1－2.5μm的厚度，以及TiN外层，具有0.5－1.0μm的厚度，其中该最外面的TiN层沿切削刃移除，并优选地使下面的氧化铝层沿切削刃部分或完全地移除。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于深孔钻削，尤其是与基于Ejector系统的刀具一起使用的涂覆硬质合金切削刀片。
背景技术
在金属中钻孔通常分成两种类型：深孔钻削和浅孔钻削。浅孔钻削通常是指钻至达到钻孔直径的3-5倍的深度。
浅孔钻削的需求不如固体工具钢大，因此只使用装有硬质合金刀片的固体硬质合金或工具钢的简单的螺纹钻。
然而，深孔钻削极大地需要良好的切屑破裂(chipbreaking)、润滑、冷却而不只起码的切屑运送。这些要求通过特别研发的钻孔系统而实现，该钻孔系统具有连接到满足上述要求的钻杆上的特殊设计的钻头。所述钻头可以为固体(solid)硬质合金的，但是通常为工具钢或铸钢的，其具有多个硬质合金刀片，这些刀片放置为使它们一起形成希望的切削刃。
US5,945,207公开了一种尤其用于切削铸铁材料的涂覆切削刀片。该刀片的特征在于直的WC-Co硬质合金主体，其具有高W合金的Co粘结相，明确规定的Co表面含量和一涂层，所述涂层包括具有柱状晶粒的TiCxNyOz最内层，细粒结构的Al2O3层和已经沿切削刃边移除的TiCxNyOz顶层。
US6,638,609公开了涂覆铣削刀片，其尤其用于在湿条件下以低和中等切削速度铣削具有或不具有铸造表皮的灰口铸铁，以及在湿条件下以中等切削速度铣削具有或不具有铸造表皮的球墨铸铁和致密石墨铸铁。所述刀片的特征在于具有低含量立方碳化物、高W合金粘结相的WC-Co硬质合金和一涂层，所述涂层包括具有柱状晶粒的TiCxNy内层，其上具有k-Al2O3层和TiN顶层。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供涂覆硬质合金切削刀片，其尤其用于驱动轴的深孔钻削。
令人惊讶地发现，通过使用以下涂覆切削刀片可以获得用于驱动轴的深孔钻削的基本双倍的刀具寿命，所述刀片包括硬质合金主体，其具有较高的W合金粘结相和良好平衡的化学组成和WC粒度，柱状TiCxNy层，k-Al2O3层，TiN层和可选择地具有光滑切削刃。
根据本发明，涂覆切削刀片具有硬质合金主体，其具有8-11wt％Co，优选地9.5-10.5wt％Co，最优选地9.9-10.1wt％Co，0.1-0.5wt％Cr，优选地0.38-0.40wt％Cr和余量的WC的组成。硬质合金主体还可以包含相当于工艺杂质水平的较少量的其他元素。根据IEC标准60404-7测量的极化矫顽力，HcJ，是WC粒度的间接测量，并且应当具有18-22kA/m，优选地19-21kA/m，最优选地19.8-20.2kA/m的值。钴粘结相与一定量的W和Cr形成合金，使本发明硬质合金切削刀片具有其希望的特性。粘结相中的W和Cr影响钴的磁性并因此与值CW相关，CW定义为
CW＝磁性％Co/wt％Co
其中，磁性％Co是样品中磁性材料的重量百分比，wt％是样品中Co的重量百分比。
CW值取决于粘结相的合金度。较低的CW值对应于较高的W和Cr含量，并且CW＝1实际上相当于粘结相没有W和Cr。
CW值可以在1和约0.75之间变化，取决于合金度。较低的CW值对应于较高的W和Cr含量，并且CW＝1实际上相当于粘结相没有W和Cr。
根据本发明已经发现，如果硬质合金主体具有0.78-0.90，优选地0.80-0.89，最优选地0.83-0.87范围之内的CW值的话，可以获得改进的切削性能。该硬质合金还可以包括少量(＜1vol％)的η相(M6C)，而没有任何有害的影响。由于特定的CW值(＜1)，还遵循，不允许在根据本发明的硬质合金中具有游离石墨。
未涂覆切削刃的半径为5-30μm，优选地10-20μm。
该涂层包括：
第一(最内)TiCxNyOz层，其中x+y+z＝1，y＞x且z＜0.2，优选地y＞0.8且z＝0，其中所述层具有尺寸＜0.5μm的等轴晶粒，并且总厚度＜1.5μm，优选地＞0.1μm，
TiCxNy层，其中x+y＝1，x＞0.3且y＞0.3，优选地x≥0.5，所述层厚度为2-3μm，并具有平均直径＜5μm，优选地0.1-2μm的柱状晶粒，
光滑、细粒(平均粒度大约0.5-2μm)的Al2O3层，基本上由k相构成。然而，如由XRD测量所确定的，该层可以包含少量(＜5vol％)其他相，例如θ相或α相。所述Al2O3层具有1-2μm，优选地1.2-1.7μm的厚度，以及
另一厚度为0.1-1.0μm的TiN层。该TiN最外层至少在切削刃的作用部分上在10μm的长度范围上具有Rmax≤0.4μm的表面粗糙度。TiN层优选地沿切削刃去除并且下面的氧化铝层可以沿切削刃部分或完全地去除。
本发明还涉及一种制造尤其用于深孔钻削的切削刀片的方法，所述刀片包括硬质合金主体和涂层。所述硬质合金主体包括WC，8-11wt％Co，更优选地9.5-10.5wt％Co，最优选地9.9-10.1wt％Co和0.1-0.5wt％Cr，更优选地0.38-0.40wt％Cr，具有18-22kA/m，更优选地19-21kA/m，最优选地19.8-20.2kA/m的HcJ，和位于0.78-0.90，优选地0.80-0.89，最优选地0.83-0.87范围之内的CW值。
未涂覆切削刃具有5-30μm，优选地大约10-20μm的刃半径。
该涂层包括：
第一(最内)TiCxNyOz层，其中x+y+z＝1，y＞x且z＜0.2，优选地y＞0.8且z＝0，其中所述层具有尺寸＜0.5μm的等轴晶粒，并且总厚度＜1.5μm，优选地＞0.1μm，所述层使用已知CVD方法形成，
TiCxNy层，其中x+y＝1，x＞0.3和y＞0.3，优选地x≥0.5，所述层具有1-3μm，优选地2-2.7μm的厚度，具有柱状晶粒，平均直径为＜5μm，优选地0.1-2μm，所述层优选地使用MTCVD技术(使用氰化甲烷作为碳和氮源，用于在700-900℃的温度范围内形成所述层)形成。然而，精确的条件在一定程度上取决于所用设备的设计，
光滑的Al2O3层，其基本上由k-Al2O3构成，并且在例如US5,674,564所公开的条件下沉积而成。所述Al2O3层具有0.5-2.5μm，优选地1-2μm的厚度，以及
0.5-1.0μm厚的TiN层，至少在切削刃的作用部分上在10μm的长度范围具有Rmax≤0.4μm的表面粗糙度。
所述光滑涂层表面通过利用细颗粒的(400-150目)氧化铝粉末轻轻湿喷砂涂层表面或利用基于如US5,861,210中公开的例如SiC的刷子刷刃边而获得。TiN层优选地沿切削刃去除并且下面的氧化铝层可以沿切削刃部分或完全地去除。
本发明还涉及根据上文的切削刀片的应用，用于在80-160m/min的切削速度，0.1-0.3mm/rev的进给速度，16-65mm的钻孔直径和＜1500mm的钻孔长度的情况下对钢制驱动轴进行深孔钻削。
本发明还结合下列实例来说明，所述实例对本发明是示例性的。但是，应当理解，本发明不局限于所述实例的细节。
具体实施方式
实例1
硬质合金刀片具有10wt％Co，0.4wt％Cr和余量WC的组成，在经过传统的ER处理至15μm的刃半径后具有20.2kA/m的HcJ值和0.85的CW值，如以Foerster Instruments Inc的FORSTER KOERZIMAT CS 1.096测量的那样，所述刀片涂覆有0.5μm的等轴TiC0.05N0.95层(具有对应于0.05的估计C/N比的高氮含量)，后面是2.6μm厚的TiC0.54N0.46层，所述涂层具有柱状晶粒，通过使用MTCVD技术(温度为850-885℃，并且CH3CN作为碳/氮源)形成。在同一涂覆周期内的后续步骤中，利用如US5,674,564中公开的温度为970℃和浓度为0.4％H2S掺杂剂沉积1.3μm厚的Al2O3层。根据已知的CVD技术在顶上沉积TiN薄层(0.5μm)。XRD测量显示出Al2O3层由100％k相构成。
使用包含SiC颗粒的尼龙刷毛刷子刷所述涂覆刀片。在光学显微镜下对被刷刀片的检测显示出，最外面的薄TiN层和一部分Al2O3层已经沿切削刃刷掉，在那里露出光滑的Al2O3表面。在横截面上测量涂层厚度，被刷刀片显示出，最外面的TiN层和大致一半的Al2O3层已经沿刃边移除。
实例2
根据本发明的刀片在对Ovako 528E钢轴进行深孔钻削的情况下进行实验。
刀具： Sandvik Coromant喷射钻800.20-03D
标准： 侧面磨损，表面光洁度。
参考： 具有等级为GC1025的刀片800-060308H-P-G的Sandvik Coromant喷射钻800.20-03D。
切削数据
切削速度： Vc＝112m/min
每圈进给： fn＝0.22mm
钻孔直径： 25.5mm
钻孔长度： 1160mm
冷却剂： 乳液
参考刀具寿命： 15根轴。
本发明刀具寿命： 35根轴。
四次实验的平均值。
根据本发明的刀具显示出侧面磨损减少，表面光洁度提高，并且刀具寿命提高133％。
实例3
根据本发明的刀片在对Ovako 528E钢轴进行深孔钻削的情况下进行实验。
刀具： Sandvik Coromant喷射钻800.20-03D
标准： 侧面磨损，表面光洁度。
参考： 具有等级为GC4025的刀片800-060308H-P-G的Sandvik Coromant喷射钻800.20-03D。
切削数据
切削速度： Vc＝137m/min
每圈进给： fn＝0.26mm
钻孔直径： 25.5mm
钻孔长度： 1160mm
冷却剂： 乳液
参考刀具寿命： 13根轴。
本发明刀具寿命： 35根轴。
四次实验的平均值。
根据本发明的刀具显示出侧面磨损减少，表面光洁度提高，并且刀具寿命提高169％。
尽管本发明已经结合优选实施例进行了描述，但是本领域的技术人员应该认识到，在不脱离由所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以进行未具体描述的增加、减少、变形和替换。
Claims (5)
1.一种包括硬质合金主体和涂层的切削刀片，其特征在于，所述硬质合金主体包括WC，8-11wt％Co，更优选地9.5-10.5wt％Co，最优选地9.9-10.1wt％Co和0.1-0.5wt％Cr，更优选地0.38-0.40wt％Cr，其极化矫顽力HcJ为18-22kA/m，更优选地19-21kA/m，最优选地19.8-20.2kA/m，并且CW值在0.78-0.90，优选地0.80-0.89，最优选地0.83-0.87范围之内，
并且其中所述涂层包括
第一、最内TiCxNyOz层，其中x+y+z＝1，y＞x且z＜0.2，优选地y＞0.8且z＝0，其具有尺寸＜0.5μm的等轴晶粒，并且总厚度为0.1-1.5μm，
TiCxNy层，其中x+y＝1，x＞0.3且y＞0.3，优选地x＞0.5，厚度为2-3μm，并具有平均直径＜5μm的柱状晶粒，
光滑、细粒、0.5-2μm的k-Al2O3层，具有1-2.5μm的厚度，以及
最外面的TiN层，具有0.5-1.0μm的厚度，
其中，所述最外面的TiN层沿切削刃去除，并且优选地下面的氧化铝层沿切削刃部分或完全地去除。
2.如权利要求1所述的切削刀片，其特征在于，所述最外面的TiN层至少在切削刃的作用部分上在10μm的长度范围具有Rmax≤0.4μm的表面粗糙度。
3.制造切削刀片的方法，所述切削刀片包括硬质合金主体和涂层，其特征在于，所述硬质合金主体包括WC，8-11wt％Co，更优选地9.5-10.5wt％Co，最优选地9.9-10.1wt％Co和0.1-0.5wt％Cr，更优选地0.38-0.40wt％Cr，其极化矫顽力HcJ为18-22kA/m，更优选地19-21kA/m，最优选地19.8-20.2kA/m，并且CW值在0.78-0.90，优选地0.80-0.89，最优选地0.83-0.87范围之内，
涂覆有涂层，包括
第一、最内的TiCxNyOz层，其中x+y+z＝1，y＞x且z＜0.2，优选地y＞0.8且z＝0，其具有尺寸＜0.5μm的等轴晶粒，并且总厚度为0.1-1.5μm，使用已知CVD方法形成，
TiCxNy层，其中x+y＝1，x＞0.3和y＞0.3，优选地x＞0.5，其具有2-3μm的厚度，具有柱状晶粒，所述柱状晶粒的平均直径为＜5μm，优选地0.1-2μm，优选地使用利用氰化甲烷作为碳和氮源的MTCVD技术在700-900℃的温度范围内形成所述层，
基本上由k-Al2O3构成的光滑Al2O3层，使用已知的CVD方法沉积，由此，Al2O3层具有1-2.5μm的厚度，以及
另一厚度为0.5-1.0μm的TiN层，使用CVD或PVD方法形成，其中所述TiN层沿切削刃移除，并优选地使下面的氧化铝层沿切削刃部分或完全地移除。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，通过利用400-150目的细颗粒氧化铝粉末轻轻湿喷砂涂层表面或利用基于例如SiC的刷子刷刃边，从而至少在切削刃的作用部分上在10μm的长度范围获得Rmax≤0.4μm的表面粗糙度。
5.如权利要求1-2所述的刀片的应用，用于在80-160m/min的切削速度，0.1-0.3mm/rev的进给速度，16-65mm的钻孔直径以及＜1500mm的钻孔长度的情况下对用于换热器的钢制驱动轴进行深孔钻削。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0502959A SE529857C2 (sv) | 2005-12-30 | 2005-12-30 | Belagt hårdmetallskär, sätt att tillverka detta samt dess användning för djuphålsborrning |
| SE05029590 | 2005-12-30 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1990230A true CN1990230A (zh) | 2007-07-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006101567202A Pending CN1990230A (zh) | 2005-12-30 | 2006-12-28 | 用于深孔钻削的涂覆刀片 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070160844A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1803835A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2007181915A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20070072390A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1990230A (zh) |
| IL (1) | IL180061A0 (zh) |
| SE (1) | SE529857C2 (zh) |
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| SE0602812L (sv) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-06-28 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | CVD-belagt hårdmetallskär för seghetskrävande korthålsborrningsoperationer |
| JP5165484B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-16 | 2013-03-21 | ユニタック株式会社 | ドリルヘッドの製作方法及びドリルヘッド |
| KR101057106B1 (ko) * | 2008-10-21 | 2011-08-16 | 대구텍 유한회사 | 절삭 공구 및 이의 표면 처리방법 |
| AT510963B1 (de) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-08-15 | Boehlerit Gmbh & Co Kg | Beschichteter körper und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
| EP2679704B1 (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2016-10-12 | Seco Tools Ab | Coated cutting insert |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE9101953D0 (sv) * | 1991-06-25 | 1991-06-25 | Sandvik Ab | A1203 coated sintered body |
| SE509201C2 (sv) * | 1994-07-20 | 1998-12-14 | Sandvik Ab | Aluminiumoxidbelagt verktyg |
| KR100432108B1 (ko) * | 1995-11-30 | 2004-11-16 | 산드빅 악티에볼라그 | 피복된선삭용인서트및그제조방법 |
| WO1997020083A1 (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-05 | Sandvik Ab (Publ) | Coated cutting insert and method of making it |
| SE509560C2 (sv) * | 1996-09-06 | 1999-02-08 | Sandvik Ab | Belagt hårdmetallskär för bearbetning av gjutjärn |
| SE519005C2 (sv) * | 1999-03-26 | 2002-12-17 | Sandvik Ab | Belagt hårdmetallskär |
| SE519315C2 (sv) * | 1999-04-06 | 2003-02-11 | Sandvik Ab | Sätt att tillverka ett hårdmetallpulver med lågt presstryck |
| SE519106C2 (sv) * | 1999-04-06 | 2003-01-14 | Sandvik Ab | Sätt att tillverka submikron hårdmetall med ökad seghet |
| SE9903090D0 (sv) * | 1999-09-01 | 1999-09-01 | Sandvik Ab | Coated milling insert |
| US6554548B1 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2003-04-29 | Kennametal Inc. | Chromium-containing cemented carbide body having a surface zone of binder enrichment |
| US6575671B1 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2003-06-10 | Kennametal Inc. | Chromium-containing cemented tungsten carbide body |
| SE519250C2 (sv) * | 2000-11-08 | 2003-02-04 | Sandvik Ab | Belagt hårdmetallskär och användning av detsamma för våtfräsning |
| JP3720010B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-02 | 2005-11-24 | オーエスジー株式会社 | 深穴加工用ドリル |
| DE10394165D2 (de) * | 2002-12-19 | 2005-11-03 | Guehring Joerg | Gewendelte Kühlkanäle |
| SE527724C2 (sv) * | 2004-02-17 | 2006-05-23 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Belagt skärverktyg för bearbetning av bimetall samt sätt och användning |
-
2005
- 2005-12-30 SE SE0502959A patent/SE529857C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2006
- 2006-12-06 EP EP06125509A patent/EP1803835A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-14 IL IL180061A patent/IL180061A0/en unknown
- 2006-12-18 US US11/640,493 patent/US20070160844A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-27 JP JP2006351463A patent/JP2007181915A/ja active Pending
- 2006-12-28 CN CNA2006101567202A patent/CN1990230A/zh active Pending
- 2006-12-28 KR KR1020060136420A patent/KR20070072390A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE0502959L (sv) | 2007-07-01 |
| KR20070072390A (ko) | 2007-07-04 |
| US20070160844A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
| EP1803835A1 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
| JP2007181915A (ja) | 2007-07-19 |
| IL180061A0 (en) | 2008-01-20 |
| SE529857C2 (sv) | 2007-12-11 |
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