CN1989119A - 新的苯甲酰脲衍生物 - Google Patents
新的苯甲酰脲衍生物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1989119A CN1989119A CNA2005800241971A CN200580024197A CN1989119A CN 1989119 A CN1989119 A CN 1989119A CN A2005800241971 A CNA2005800241971 A CN A2005800241971A CN 200580024197 A CN200580024197 A CN 200580024197A CN 1989119 A CN1989119 A CN 1989119A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- piperidines
- carboxylic acid
- benzamide
- phenmethyl
- hydroxyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- WRYCSMQKUKOKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Imidazolidine Chemical compound C1CNCN1 WRYCSMQKUKOKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- DVCWUTSWCVQZSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(methanesulfonamido)benzamide Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C(N)=O)C=C1 DVCWUTSWCVQZSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LYLDIIUFTYRPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole-2-sulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C1=NC=CN1 LYLDIIUFTYRPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- FAMRKDQNMBBFBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonyliminocarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)N=NC(=O)OCC FAMRKDQNMBBFBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- USPWKWBDZOARPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolidine Chemical compound C1CNNC1 USPWKWBDZOARPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002647 aminoglycoside antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 2
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229940127523 NMDA Receptor Antagonists Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- HOKKHZGPKSLGJE-GSVOUGTGSA-N N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O HOKKHZGPKSLGJE-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
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- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D211/46—Oxygen atoms attached in position 4 having a hydrogen atom as the second substituent in position 4
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- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Neurology (AREA)
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- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
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- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
式(I)的新的苯甲酰脲衍生物其中含义为X和Y独立地为氢原子,羟基,苯甲基氧基,氨基,硝基,任选由一个卤素原子或多个卤素原子取代的C1-C4烷基磺酰胺基,任选由一个卤素原子或多个卤素原子取代的C1-C4烷酰基酰胺基,C1-C4烷氧基,任选由卤素原子或C1-C4烷基或取代的芳酰基-氨甲酰基,C1-C4烷氧基羰基,或相邻的X和Y基团任选地与一个或多个相同或不同的另外的杂原子和-CH=和/或-CH2-基形成任选取代的4-7元的同环-或杂环,优选吗啉,吡咯,吡咯烷,氧代-或硫代-吡咯烷,吡唑,吡唑烷,咪唑,咪唑烷,氧代-或硫代-咪唑或咪唑烷,1,4-嗪,唑,唑烷,三唑,氧代-或硫代-唑烷,或3-氧代-1,4-嗪环,V和Z独立地是氢或卤素原子,氰基,C1-C4烷基,C1-C4烷氧基,三氟甲基,羟基或任选酯化的羧基,W是氧原子,以及C1-C4烯基,C2-C4亚烯基,氨羰基,-NH-,-N(烷基)-,-CH2O-,-CH2S-,-CH(OH)-,-OCH2-基,-其中烷基的定义是C1-C4烷基-,当虚线键(==)表示C-C单键时U是羟基或氢原子或当W是C1-C4烯基或C2-C4亚烯基时,虚线键(==)之一可以表示另外的C-C双键并且在这种情况下U表示参与双键的电子对以及其旋光对映体,外消旋化合物及盐是高效的选择性的NMDA受体拮抗剂而且大部分化合物是选择性的NR2B亚型NMDA受体的拮抗剂。而且,本发明的目的是含有新的式(I)苯甲酰脲衍生物或其旋光对映体或外消旋化合物或盐作为活性成分的药物组合物以及制备这些化合物和药物组合物的方法。
Description
本发明涉及为NMDA受体拮抗剂或制备NMDA受体拮抗剂的中间体的新苯甲酰脲衍生物。
发明背景
N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体是嵌入在神经元细胞膜上的配体门控的阳离子通道。由谷氨酸,NMDA受体的天然配体过度活化NMDA受体可以引起细胞的钙超载。这触发了改变细胞功能并最终可导致神经元的死亡的细胞内级联事件[TINS,10,299-302(1987)]。NMDA受体拮抗剂可用于治疗许多伴随中枢神经系统内的主要兴奋神经递质谷氨酸过度释放的疾病。
NMDA受体是由至少7种已知的亚单位基因构成的异聚体。NR1亚单位是功能性NMDA受体通道的必需部分。有四种基因编码NR2亚单位(NR2A-D)。由不同的NR2亚单位构成的NMDA受体在CNS中的空间分布和药理学敏感性是不同的。近来,报道了NR3A和NR3B。由于其限制性分布(在前脑和脊髓的胶状质中密度最高)这些亚单位中特别令人感兴趣的是的NR2B亚单位。这种亚型的选择性化合物是可得的并且已经证明在中风[Stroke,28,2244-2251(1997)],创伤性脑损伤[BrainRes.,792,291-298(1998)],帕金森病[Exp.Neurol.,163,239-243(2000)],神经性和炎性疼痛[Neuropharmacology,38,611-623(1999)]的动物模型中是有效的。而且,预期NMDA受体的NR2B亚型选择性拮抗剂几乎不具有或不具有通常由非选择性NMDA受体拮抗剂所引起的不利的副反应,即致幻觉反应例如眩晕,头痛,幻觉,烦躁不安和认知和运动功能障碍。
NR2B亚型的选择性NMDA拮抗作用可以使用特异性结合并且作用于含有受体NR2B亚单位的变构调节部位的化合物来实现。可以通过使用特定的放射性配体例如[125I]-艾芬地尔[J.Neurochem.,61,120-126(1993)]或[3H]-Ro 25,6981[J.Neurochem.,70,2147-2155(1998)]进行置换(结合)研究来描述此结合部位的特性。虽然不是很特异,但由于艾芬地尔是该受体第一个已知的配体,它仍被称为艾芬地尔结合部位。
式(I)的苯甲酰脲衍生物的闭合结构类似物根据文献是未知的。
发明概述
令人惊奇的是,发现本发明式(I)的新的苯甲酰脲衍生物是含有NR2B亚单位的NMDA受体的功能性拮抗剂,同时其对含有NR2A亚单位的NMDA受体无效。因此,它们被认为是NR2B亚型的特异性NMDA拮抗剂。某些化合物口服施用后在小鼠体内疼痛模型中证明是有效的。
发明详述
因此本发明首先涉及式(I)的新的苯甲酰脲衍生物
-其中含义为
X和Y独立地为氢原子,羟基,苯甲氧基,氨基,硝基,任选由一个卤素原子或多个卤素原子取代的C1-C4烷基磺酰胺基,任选由一个卤素原子或多个卤素原子取代的C1-C4烷酰基酰胺基,C1-C4烷氧基,任选由卤素原子或C1-C4烷基取代的芳酰基-氨甲酰基,或C1-C4烷氧基羰基,或
相邻的X和Y基团任选地与一个或多个相同或不同的另外的杂原子和-CH=和/或-CH2-基形成任选取代的4-7元的同环-或杂环,优选吗啉,吡咯,吡咯烷,氧代-或硫代-吡咯烷,吡唑,吡唑烷,咪唑,咪唑烷,氧代-或硫代-咪唑或咪唑烷,1,4-嗪,唑,唑烷,三唑,氧代-或硫代-唑烷,或3-氧代-1,4-嗪环,
V和Z独立地是氢或卤素原子,氰基,C1-C4烷基,C1-C4烷氧基,三氟甲基,羟基或任选酯化的羧基,
W是氧原子,以及C1-C4烯基,C2-C4亚烯基,氨羰基,-NH-,-N(烷基)-,-CH2O-,-CH2S-,-CH(OH)-,-OCH2-基,-其中烷基的定义是C1-C4烷基-,
当虚线键(---)表示C-C单键时U是羟基或氢原子或
当W是C1-C4烯基或C2-C4亚烯基时,虚线键(---)之一可以表示另外的C-C双键并且在这种情况下u表示参与双键的电子对
以及其旋光对映体,外消旋化合物及盐。
而且,本发明的目的是含有新的式(I)苯甲酰脲衍生物或其旋光对映体或外消旋化合物或盐作为活性成分的药物组合物。
本发明的进一步的目的是生产式(I)苯甲酰脲衍生物和制造含这些化合物的药剂的方法,以及使用这些化合物治疗的方法,即给治疗的哺乳动物-包括人-施用有效量(amount)/数量(amounts)的如本发明式(I)的新的苯甲酰脲衍生物或药剂。
本发明的式(I)的新苯甲酰脲衍生物是高效的选择性的NMDA受体拮抗剂,而且大部分化合物是选择性的NR2B亚型NMDA受体的拮抗剂。
根据本发明式(I)的新苯甲酰脲衍生物可按如下合成:
a.)优选地在原位,在溶剂中使式(II)的取代的异氰酸苯甲酰酯
-其中X和Y的含义如前式(I)所述-与式(III)的胺反应
-其中V,W,Z,虚线键(---)和U的含义如前式(I)所述-或,
b.)使用三苯膦和二乙基azodicarboxilate将式(V)的取代的苯甲酰胺
-其中X的含义是羟基且Y如前式(I)所述-偶合到树脂上,然后
将获得的偶合到树脂上的苯甲酰胺与草酰氯反应,将这样形成的异氰酸苯甲酰酯进一步与式(III)的胺反应
-其中V,W,Z,虚线键(---)和U的含义如前式(I)所述-在三烷基胺存在的情况下,
最终使获得的式(I)的苯甲酰脲衍生物-其中X,Y,V,W,Z,虚线键(---)和U如前式(I)所述-从树脂分离。
然后将方法a.)或b.)获得的式(I)的苯甲酰脲衍生物-其中X,Y,V,W,Z,虚线键(---)和U如前式(I)所述-任选地通过引入新的取代基和/或修饰或除去存在的基团,和/或成盐和/或通过将化合物从盐中游离,和/或使用光学活性的酸或碱通过已知的方法将所得的外消旋化合物拆分而转变成另外的式(I)化合物。
在方法a.)中可容易地通过在大约0℃至大约20℃的温度下在反应惰性溶剂中使适宜的异氰酸苯甲酰酯与适宜的胺反应来制备本发明的化合物。适于这些反应的代表性溶剂是二氯甲烷,二氯乙烷,四氢呋喃,二烷,二乙醚,乙二醇的二甲醚,苯,甲苯和二甲苯。
可方便地通过使相应的酰胺与草酰氯反应(US4,163,784)或通过使芳酰氯与氰酸钠缩合[Tetrahedron,44,6079-6086.(1988)]制备得到需要的异氰酸酯。用于制备异氰酸酯反应物的酰胺反应物可根据已知的方法通过将相应的酰基氯的酰胺化进行制备。通过使适宜的羧酸与亚硫酰氯反应来制备酰基氯,后者通常作为反应物和溶剂。不必将异氰酸酯从反应混合物分离出来。异氰酸酯和胺通常以等摩尔的比例使用。在需要释放胺的碱,例如三乙胺存在下可将适宜的式(III)的胺作为碱或作为与无机酸形成的盐加至这样获得的溶液或混悬液中。必要的反应时间是0-1h。反应混合物的检查可以通过不同的方法实现。
当由相应的酰胺制备异氰酸酯反应物时,在加入胺结束时使用水洗涤该反应混合物并浓缩。将残留物通过柱色谱法进行结晶或纯化。当反应混合物是混悬液时,滤出沉淀,用水洗涤并由适当的溶剂重结晶得到纯化的产物。当通过使芳酰氯与氰酸钠缩合来制备异氰酸酯反应物时,在加入结束时将反应混合物浓缩并将残留物由适当的溶剂进行结晶得到纯化的产物。如果结晶不能得到纯化的产物,那么可以使用柱色谱法对其进行纯化。使用Kieselgel 60作为吸附剂和不同的溶剂系统,例如甲苯/甲醇,氯仿/甲醇或甲苯/丙酮作为洗脱剂在正相柱上进行柱色谱。产物的结构通过IR,NMR和质谱进行检测。
在方法b.)描述的固相合成中你可以优选使用具有羟基-甲基(-CH2-OH)基团作为活性部分的树脂。最优选使用的树脂是由Novabiochem获得的Wang树脂。
将获得的式(I)的苯甲酰脲衍生物-与制备方法无关-任选地通过引入另外的取代基和/或修饰或除去存在的基团,和/或与酸成盐和/或通过使用碱进行处理而由获得的酸加成盐释放(I)的羧酸酰胺衍生物和/或通过使用碱处理将游离的式(I)的羧酸酰胺衍生物转化为盐而转变成另外的式(I)化合物。
例如使甲基和苯甲基从代表U,V和Z的甲氧基和苯甲氧基基团分离,可得到苯酚衍生物。苯甲基的除去例如可以在乙酸溶液中通过催化氢化或使用溴化氢来进行,甲基的裂解可以在二氯甲烷溶液中使用三溴化硼来进行。
在碱存在的情况下游离羟基可以被酸酐或酰基卤酯化。
式(II)的异氰酸苯甲酰酯可以通过不同的已知方法由相应的酰胺或芳酰氯来合成。在实施例中描述了某些无法商购获得的酰胺或芳酰氯的合成。
试验方案
重组NMDA受体的表达
为了证明我们的化合物的NR2B选择性,我们在稳定表达具有NR1/NR2A或NR1/NR2B亚单位组成的重组NMDA受体的细胞株上对它们进行测试。使用阳离子脂质介导的转染方法将亚克隆至可诱导的哺乳动物表达载体的人NR1-3和NR2A或大鼠NR1a和NR2B亚单位的eDNAs引入缺乏NMDA受体的HEK293细胞中[Biotechniques,1997 May;22(5),982-7.(1997);Neurochemistry International,43,19-29.(2003)]。使用对新霉素和潮霉素的耐药性来筛选具有载体和单克隆细胞株的克隆,由对NMDA暴露产生最高应答的克隆来建立。在荧光钙测量中测试了化合物对NMDA诱发的细胞溶质钙浓度升高的抑制作用。在加入诱导剂后48-72h进行研究。在诱导过程中还存在氯胺酮(500μM)以防止细胞毒性。
使用荧光平板读数器根据测量的细胞内钙浓度评价化合物对表达
重组NMDA受体的HEK293细胞的功能性NMDA拮抗剂效力。
由于已知兴奋时NMDA受体对于钙离子是可渗透的,因此在将激动剂施于(NMDA)细胞后通过测量细胞内钙浓度的升高来表征NMDA受体的活化程度,以及被功能性拮抗剂抑制的程度。由于大鼠和人体NMDA受体具有很高的序列同源性(对于NR1,NR2A,和NR2B亚单位,分别为99,95,97%),因此人们相信它们的药理学敏感性即使有差异也会很小。因此,由大鼠NMDA受体(克隆的或原生的)获得的结果可很好地外推至人NMDA受体。
细胞内钙的测量在表达NR1a和NR2B或NR2A NMDA受体亚单位的HEK293细胞上进行。将细胞加到标准的96-孔微量培养板上,在37℃95%空气-5%CO2气氛中保持培养直到进行测试。
在测试前使细胞装载荧光Ca2+-敏感染料,Fluo-4/AM(2-2.5μM)。还可通过在测量过程中使用的溶液(140mM NaCl,5mM KCl,2mMCaCl2,5mM HEPES[4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷-磺酸],5mM HEPES-Na,20mM葡萄糖,10μM甘氨酸,pH=7.4)洗涤两次来停止装载。然后加入溶解在上述溶液(90μl/孔)中的测试化合物。使用平板读数器荧光计进行细胞内钙的测量。通过施用200μM NMDA诱导了反映细胞内钙浓度的Fluo-4-荧光的升高。在不同浓度的化合物存在下通过测量钙升高的减少来评价测试化合物的抑制效力。
化合物在单一浓度点的抑制效力表示为以对照NMDA反应的抑制百分数。对于表达NR1a/NR2B的细胞制备了浓度-抑制曲线。S形的浓度-抑制曲线与数据相吻合,将IC50值定义为产生使用化合物能够获得的半数最大抑制作用的浓度。平均IC50值由至少三个独立的试验获得。对于表达NR1-3/NR2A的细胞,分别在10和15微摩浓度测试了本发明化合物和参照化合物对NMDA诱导的细胞内钙浓度的升高的拮抗作用。
化合物的生物活性
表1中列出了所选择的实施例的本发明化合物在NR1a/NR2B转染细胞中测定的IC50值和在NR1-3/NR2A转染细胞中15μM浓度时的抑制百分数。为了进行比较,还测定了最有效的已知参考化合物的数据并在表2中列出。
在NR1/NR2B转染细胞中的功能性NMDA拮抗作用试验中本发明的化合物所显示的IC50值出小于15μM,并且在此浓度对NR1-3/NR2A转染细胞是无活性的。因此本发明的化合物和药物组合物是NR2B亚型特异性的NMDA拮抗剂。与已知的参考化合物相比一些化合物具有更高的效力(见表1)。
表1
通过荧光法在表达NR1a/NR2B或NR1-3/NR2A亚单位的细胞上
测定的化合物的NMDA拮抗剂活性
实施例的化合物 | NR1a/NR2B | NR1-3/NR2A | ||
IC50[nM] | n | 在15μM的抑制% | n | |
1 | 28.0 | 2 | 2.6 | 1 |
2 | 7.6 | 2 | -5.7 | 1 |
3 | 6.2 | 2 | 8.7 | 1 |
5 | 19.3 | 2 | 4.9 | 1 |
4 | 5.3 | 2 | 1.8 | 1 |
7 | 59.6 | 2 | -6.7 | 1 |
6 | 15.0 | 2 | -2.9 | 1 |
26 | 58.9 | 2 | -0.9 | 1 |
27 | 14.3 | 2 | 11.4 | 1 |
28 | 59.1 | 2 | -2.9 | 1 |
29 | 8.3 | 2 | 19.7 | 1 |
表2
通过荧光法在表达NR1a/NR2B或NR1-3/NR2A亚单位的细胞上
测定的参照化合物的NMDA拮抗剂活性
NR1a/NR2B | NR1-3/NR2A | |||
参照化合物编码 | IC50[nM] | n | 在10μM的抑制% | n |
CI-1041 | 8.4 | 4 | 21.0 | 1 |
Co-101244 | 4.8 | 3 | -8.7 | 1 |
EMD 95885 | 48 | 1 | 0.1 | 1 |
CP 101,606 | 30 | 3 | 2.5 | 1 |
Ro 25.6981 | 57 | 4 | 1.0 | 1 |
艾芬地尔 | 459 | 5 | -2.7 | 1 |
MK-801 | 43 | 3 | IC50=386nM | 2 |
参照化合物如下:
CI-1041:6-{2-[4-(4-氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-基]-乙烷亚磺酰基}-3H-苯并唑-2-酮
Co 101244:1-[2-(4-羟苯氧基)乙基]-4-羟基-4-(4-甲基苄基)哌啶
EMD 95885:6-[3-(4-氟苯甲基)哌啶-1-基]丙酰]-2,3-二氢-苯并唑-2-酮
CP-101,606:(1S,2S)-1-(4-羟苯基)-2-(4-羟基-4-苯基哌啶-1-基)-1-丙醇
Ro 256981:R-(R*,S*)-1-(4-羟苯基)-2-甲基-3-[4-(苯基甲基)哌啶-1-基]-1-丙醇。
艾芬地尔:赤-2-(4-苯甲基哌啶子基)-1-(4-羟苯基)-1-丙醇
MK-801:(+)-5-甲基-10,11-二氢-5H-二苯并[a,d]环庚烯-5,10-亚胺
测定体内效能的小鼠福尔马林试验
已知将稀释的福尔马林注射入大鼠或小白鼠的后爪可引起两阶段的用舔/咬其损伤爪所用的时间测量的疼痛相关行为。第二阶段通常定义为福尔马林注射后在15-60min时间间隔内检测出的疼痛相关事件。已知NMDA受体参与福尔马林注射的第二阶段的反应并且这种行为反应对于NMDA受体的阻断敏感[Dickenson,A.and Besson J.-M.(Editors):Chapter 1,pp.6-7:Animal modals of Analgesia;andchapter 8,pp.180-183:Mechanism of Central Hypersensitivity:Excitatory Amino Acid Mechanisms and Their Control-InPharmacology of pain.Springer-Verlag(Berlin)1997.]因此,我们使用福尔马林试验的第二阶段的来表征化合物的体内效能。认为抑制第二阶段的反应表明了抵抗化学诱导的持续性疼痛的止痛作用[Hunker,S.,等:formalin test in mice,a Useful Technique forEvaluating Mild Analgesics,Journal of Neuroscience Methods,14(1985)69-76.]
使用雄性albino Charles River NMRI小鼠(20-25g)。试验前禁食任何固体食物大约16小时但动物可自由摄入20%的葡萄糖溶液。使动物在玻璃圆筒中适应1个小时(cc.直径15cm),然后移至后部有镜子的相同圆筒中以便于观察。试验物质混悬于5%的tween-80中(每kg体重10ml)。在注射福尔马林15min前通过管饲法口服施用(将在0.9%盐水中20μl的1%福尔马林通过皮下注入右后爪的背侧面)。测量从福尔马林注射后20至25分舔和咬注射的爪子的时间。为确定ED50值将不同剂量(至少五个剂量)的试验物质给予5只小鼠的组并将结果表示为同一天相对于载体对照组观察的舔的时间的抑制百分数。通过Boltzman′s S形曲线拟合计算ED50值(即,产生50%抑制作用的剂量)。本发明的选定的实施例的化合物和参照化合物的ED50值在表3中列出。
表3
选定化合物的ED50值
实施例的化合物 | ED50(mg/kg p.o.或按说明) |
1 | 1.6 |
5 | 27 |
化合物ID编码 | |
CI-1041 | 2.4 |
Co-101244 | >20*(5.9mg/kgi.p.) |
EMD 95885 | 3.7 |
CP-101,606 | >20* |
Ro-256981 | >20* (5.1mg/kgi.p.) |
*:如果p.o.20mg/kg的剂量的抑制作用小于50%,不测定ED50值
有利地可以使用在NR2B部位作用的NMDA拮抗剂治疗的疾病,如Loftis最近的综述[Pharmacology Therapeutics,97,55-85(2003)],包括精神分裂症,帕金森病,亨廷顿病,由缺氧和局部缺血引起的兴奋性中毒,癫痫发作,药物滥用,和疼痛,特别是任何原因的神经性,炎性和内脏的疼痛[Eur.J.Pharmacol,429,71-78(2001)]。
由于与非选择性NMDA拮抗剂相比它们具有减少副作用的倾向,NR2B选择性拮抗剂可用于NMDA拮抗剂有效的疾病,例如肌萎缩性侧索硬化[Neurol.Re s.,21,309-12(1999)],例如酒精,阿片样物质或可卡因戒断综合征[Drag and alcohol depend.,59,1-15(2000)],肌痉挛[Neurosci.Lett.,73,143-148(1987)],不同起因的痴呆[ExpertOpin.Investig.Drugs,9,1397-406(2000)],焦虑,抑郁,偏头疼,低血糖,视网膜的变性疾病(例如CMV视网膜炎),青光眼,哮喘,耳鸣,听力损失[Drag News Perspect,11,523-569(1998)和WO.00/00197国际专利申请]。
因此,有利地有效量的本发明的化合物可用于治疗大脑或脊髓的创伤性损伤,阿片类物质治疗疼痛的耐受和/或依赖,耐受性的发展,滥用潜力的减少和滥用药物例如乙醇,阿片样物质或可卡因的戒断综合征,局部缺血性CNS疾病,慢性神经变性疾病,例如阿尔茨海默病,帕金森病,亨廷顿病,疼痛和慢性疼痛状态,例如神经性疼痛。
本发明的化合物以及它们药学上可接受的盐可以以此或适宜的药物组合物形式使用。这些组合物(药物)可以是固体,液体或半液体形式并且可加入实践中通常使用的药物助剂和辅助材料,例如载体,赋形剂,稀释剂,稳定剂,润湿剂或乳化剂,pH-和渗透压-调节剂,调味剂,或芳香剂,以及增进配方或供应配方的添加剂。
在特定情形下起到治疗作用所需要的剂量可根据以下情况在大范围内改变并满足个体需要,这取决于疾病的阶段,所治疗患者的状况和体重,以及患者对活性成分的敏感性,施用途径和每天治疗次数。活性成分的实际使用剂量可以由熟悉患者所接受治疗的知识领域的主治医生来安全地确定。
包含本发明活性成分的药物组合物的一个剂量单元通常包含0.01至100mg的活性成分,当然在一些组合物中活性成分的量超过了上文定义的上限或下限。
药物组合物的固体形式可以是例如片剂,糖锭,胶囊,丸剂或用于注射剂制备的冻干粉末安瓿剂。液体组合物是可注射和可输注的组合物,液体药物,充填液和滴剂。半液体组合物可以是软膏,香脂,乳膏,振摇混合物和栓剂。
为了施用简单,如果药物组合物包括含活性成分量的剂量单位,适合于一次或几次施用或施用其二分之一或三分之一或四分之一部分。这样的剂量单元是例如片剂,该片剂能够用其促进对分或四分的凹槽来粉碎以利于准确施用需要量的活性成分量。
片剂可以用酸溶层涂敷以确保在离开胃之后释放活性成分内容物。这样的片剂是肠溶性涂敷的。通过将活性成分装入胶囊也能得到类似的效果。
口服施用的药物组合物可以包括例如作为赋形剂的乳糖或淀粉,作为粘合剂或粒化剂的羧甲基纤维素钠,甲基纤维素,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或淀粉糊。加入作为崩解剂的马铃薯淀粉或微晶纤维素,但也可使用超支链淀粉或甲醛酪蛋白。滑石、胶体硅酸、硬脂精、硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸镁可用作抗粘着剂或滑润剂。
片剂可以例如通过湿法制粒后压制来制备。在适当的设备中用粘合剂水溶液、醇溶液或醇水溶液将混合的活性成分和赋形剂以及在特定情况下部分崩解剂制粒,然后将颗粒干燥。将其他崩解剂、滑润剂和抗粘着剂加入在干燥的颗粒中,并将混合物压制成片剂。在特定情况下,制备的片剂具有等分槽以便于施用。
片剂可由活性成分和适当的助剂的混合物通过压制直接制备。在特定情况下,片剂可用通常在制药实践中使用的添加剂例如稳定剂、调味剂、着色剂,例如糖、纤维素衍生物(甲基纤维素或乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠等)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、磷酸钙、碳酸钙、食用着色剂、食用酒精(food lace)、芳香剂、氧化铁颜料等涂敷。在胶囊剂情况中,将活性成分和适当的助剂的混合物装在胶囊中。
液体口服组合物,例如悬浮液、糖浆剂、酏剂,可通过用水、二醇、油、醇、着色剂和调味剂进行制备。
为直肠施用,将组合物配制成栓剂或灌肠剂。栓剂除活性成分外可含称为前栓动物脂的载体。载体可以是植物油,例如氢化植物油、C12-C18脂肪酸甘油三酯(优选商品名为Witepsol的载体)。将活性成分与熔化的前栓动物脂均匀混合并模制成栓剂。
为胃肠外施用,将组合物配制成注射液。为制备注射液,将活性成分溶解在蒸馏水和/或不同的有机溶剂中,例如乙二醇醚,在特定条件下,存在增溶剂例如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单月桂酸酯、单油酸酯或单硬脂酸酯(Tween 20,Tween 60,Tween 80)。注射液还可包括不同的助剂,例如保存剂例如乙二胺四乙酸盐,以及pH调节剂和缓冲液和特定条件下局部麻醉药如利多卡因。在装入安瓿前将含本发明活性成分的注射液过滤,在装入后将其灭菌。
如果活性成分吸湿,那么通过冻干可使其稳定。
固相合成的表征方法
通过与质量选择性检测器相连的高效液相色谱使用具有Microplate Sampler的HP1100二元梯度色谱系统(Agilent,Waldbronn),由Chemstation软件控制来对本发明的化合物进行表征。使用HP二极管阵列检测器在225和240nm获得UV光谱。所有的试验使用装备有电喷射离子化源的HP MSD(Agilent,Waldbronn)单一四极光谱仪来确定结构。
合成产物溶解于1ml DMSO中(Aldrich,德国)。使用DMSO将100μl的各种溶液稀释至1000μl体积。在由Supelco(Bellefonte,Pennsylvania)获得的Discovery RPC-16 Amide,5cm×4.6mm×5μm柱上使用1ml/分钟的流速进行分析色谱试验以进行鉴别。获得的化合物由它们K′值(纯度,容量因子)表征。K′因子由下式进行计算:
k′=(tR-t0)/t0
其中k′=容量因子,tR=保留时间和t0=洗脱保留时间
洗脱液A是包含0.1%水的三氟乙酸(TFA)(Sigma,德国),洗脱液B是包含0.1%TFA和5%洗脱液A的95%乙腈(Merck,德国)。使用梯度洗脱,由100%的洗脱液A开始在5分钟内变化到100%的洗脱液B。
下列实施例举例说明本发明,对本发明无任何限制。
方法A.
实施例1
4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
1a)4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苄氧基-苯甲酰胺
在氩气下,向搅拌的在10ml乙腈和10ml苯中的1.62g(6.57mmol)的4-苄氧基-苯甲酰氯[Liebigs Ann.10.2169-2176.(1997)]和0.57g(8.7mmol)氰酸钠的溶液中加入36μl(0.3mmol)氯化锡(IV)。反应混合物回流3h,冷却至20℃,然后在20℃滴加1.17g(6.57mmol)的4-苯甲基-哌啶(Aldrich)。将反应混合物在20℃搅拌1h,浓缩,使用甲醇处理残留物,将结晶过滤得到1.07g(38%)的标题化合物。
Mp.:155-156℃。
1b)4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
将1.07g(2.5mmol)4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苄氧基-苯甲酰胺,20ml四氢呋喃,20ml甲醇和0.5g10%Pd/C催化剂的混合物氢化2h。滤出催化剂,使用四氢呋喃洗涤并将滤液浓缩。通过柱色谱法使用Kieselgel 60作为吸附剂(Merck)和甲苯∶甲醇=4∶1作为洗脱液将残留物纯化得到0.48g(56.7%)标题化合物。Mp.:95℃(二异丙醚)。
实施例2
4-(4-甲氧基)-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
2a)4-(4-甲氧基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苄氧基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物按照实施例1a所述方法由4-苄氧基-苯甲酰氯和(4-甲氧基-苯甲基)-哌啶[US 3632767(1972)]来制备。
2b)4-(4-甲氧基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物按照实施例1b所述方法由4-(4-甲氧基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苄氧基-苯甲酰胺来制备。Mp.:190℃。
实施例3
4-(4-甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
3a)4-(4-甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苄氧基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例1a所述方法由4-苄氧基-苯甲酰氯和(4-甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶来制备[J Org.Chem.,64,3763.(1999)]Mp.:142℃(异丙醇)。
3b)4-(4-甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例1b所述方法由4-(4-甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苄氧基-苯甲酰胺来制备。Mp.:204℃。
实施例4
4-(4-氯-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
4a)4-(4-氯-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苄氧基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例1a所述方法由4-苄氧基-苯甲酰氯和(4-氯-苯甲基)-哌啶[C.A.77,34266 w]来制备。Mp.:油
4b)4-(4-氯-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
在室温下将在乙酸中的2.0g(4.38mmol)的4-(4-氯-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苄氧基-苯甲酰胺,和15ml 33%溴化氢的混合物(Fluka)搅拌1h。将反应混合物浓缩。然后向混合物中加入50ml水和50ml氯仿。分离有机层并使用25ml氯仿将水相萃取三次。将合并的有机层在硫酸钠上干燥,浓缩并通过柱色谱法使用Kieselgel 60作为吸附剂(Merck)和甲苯∶丙酮=2∶1作为洗脱液将残留物纯化得到0.1g(6%)的标题化合物。Mp.:201℃。
实施例5
4-(4-氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
5A)4-(氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苄氧基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例1a所述方法由4-苄氧基-苯甲酰氯和(4-氟-苯甲基)-哌啶盐酸盐来制备。[J.Med.Chem.,35,4903.(1992)]
5b)4-(4-氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例4b所述方法由4-(4-氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苄氧基-苯甲酰胺制备。Mp.:168℃。
实施例6
4-(4-甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-甲磺酰氨基苯甲酰胺
2.1g(10mmol)的4-甲磺酰氨基-苯甲酰胺[J.Org.Chem,66,8299.(2001)],1.3ml(15mmol)的草酰氯(Aldrich)和10ml 1,2-二氯乙烷的混合物回流3小时然后冷却至5℃。将在5ml 1,2-二氯乙烷中的2.3ml(12mmol)4-(4-甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶[J.Org.Chem.64,3763.(1999)]在10℃以下滴加,并将反应混合物在室温下搅拌5小时。然后倒入25ml水中,通过过滤收集所得的结晶并用水洗涤得到2.36g(55%)的标题化合物。Mp.:204-208℃(1,2-二氯乙烷-水)。
实施例7
4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸(2-氧-2,3-二氢-苯并唑-6-羰基)-酰胺
7a)2-氧-2,3-二氢-苯并唑-6-羧酸酰胺
在10℃以下向搅拌的0.37g(2.06mmol)的2-氧-2,3-二氢-苯并唑-6-羧酸[Eur.J.Med.Chem.Chim.Ther.,9,491-492.(1974)],13ml的1,4-二烷和0.1ml二甲基甲酰胺的溶液中滴加1.35ml(18mmol)亚硫酰氯,并且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌24h。然后向混合物中滴加10ml的25%氢氧化铵溶液。浓缩反应混合物并通过柱色谱法使用Kieselgel 60作为吸附剂(Merck)和氯仿∶甲醇=3∶1作为洗脱液将残留物纯化得到0.13g(35.3%)的标题化合物。Mp.:296℃(2-丙醇)。
7b)4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸(2-氧-2,3-二氢-苯并唑-6-羰基)-
酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例6所述方法由2-氧-2,3-二氢-苯并唑-6-羧酸酰胺来制备。Mp.:174℃。
实施例8
4-(4-叔-丁基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
8a)4-(4-叔-丁基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苄氧基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例1a所述方法由4-苄氧基-苯甲酰氯和4-(4-叔-丁基-苯甲基)-哌啶来制备[J.Org.Chem.,64,3763.(1999)]。
8b)4-(4-叔-丁基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例1b所述方法由4-(4-叔-丁基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苄氧基-苯甲酰胺来制备。Mp.:101℃。
实施例9
4-(4-氯-苯氧基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
9a)4-(4-氯-苯氧基)-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁基酯
在氩气下,向搅拌的在80ml二甲基甲酰胺中的10.0g(49.7mmol)4-羟基-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁基酯[Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,10,2815.(2000)]的溶液中加入3.0g氢化钠(60%,75mmol)。反应混合物在40℃搅拌1h,然后在20℃滴加在20ml二甲基甲酰胺中的5.3ml(49.7mmol)1-氯-4-氟-苯(Aldrich)。反应混合物在80℃搅拌4h,冷却至20℃,滴加1ml乙醇,倒入100ml水并使用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层在硫酸钠上干燥并浓缩。通过柱色谱法使用Kieselgel 60作为吸附剂(Merck)和乙酸乙酯作为洗脱液将残留物纯化得到11.07g(75.5%)的标题化合物。Mp.:油
9b)4-(4-氯-苯氧基)-盐酸哌啶
将11.07g的(37.5mmol)的4-(4-氯-苯氧基)-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁基酯加入150ml 2.5M盐酸的乙酸乙酯溶液中。反应混合物在20℃搅拌3h,然后浓缩至50ml。滤出沉淀结晶,使用乙酸乙酯洗涤得到7.0g(75.2%)的标题化合物。Mp.:194-196℃。
9c)4-(4-氯-苯氧基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苄氧基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例1a描述的方法从4-苄氧基-苯甲酰氯和4-(4-氯-苯氧基)-哌啶制备。
9d)4-(4-氯-苯氧基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例4b所述方法由4-(4-氯-苯氧基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苄氧基-苯甲酰胺来制备。Mp.:189℃.
实施例10
4-苯氧基甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
10a)4-苯氧基甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苄氧基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例1a所述方法由4-苄氧基-苯甲酰氯和4-苯氧基-甲基-哌啶来制备[DE254 999(1977)]。
10b)4-苯氧基甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例1b所述方法由4-苯氧基甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苯甲基氧基-苯甲酰胺来制备。Mp.:207℃。
实施例11
4-(2,4-二氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
11a)4-(2,4-二氟-苯亚甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁基酯
在氩气下,于0℃向在50ml二甲基甲酰胺中的4.1g(20.6mmol)N-(叔丁氧羰基)-4-哌啶酮和5.42g(20.5mmol)(2,4-二氟-苯甲基)-磷酸二乙酯的溶液[Eur.J.Med.Chim.Ther.,27,845.(1992)]中加入1.3g的(60%,32.5mmol)氢化钠。反应混合物在20℃搅拌4h,滴加1ml乙醇,倾入100ml水并使用二乙醚萃取。有机层经过硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。粗制品在下一步中使用。收率:5.1g(80.7%)。Mp.:油。
11b)4-(2,4-二氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁基酯
将5.1g(14.69mmol)4-(2,4-二氟-苯亚甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁基酯,200ml乙醇和0.5g 10%Pd/C催化剂的混合物进行氢化。反应完成后,滤出催化剂,使用四氢呋喃洗涤并浓缩滤液。粗制品在下一步中使用。收率:5.2g(100%)。Mp.:油。
11c)4-(2,4-二氟-苯甲基)-哌啶
本标题化合物根据实施例9b所述方法由4-(2,4-二氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁基酯来制备。Mp.:191℃(乙酸乙酯-乙醚)。
11d)4-(2,4-二氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苯甲基氧基-苯甲酰
胺
本标题化合物根据实施例1a所述方法由4-苯甲基氧基-苯甲酰氯和4-(2,4-二氟-苯甲基)-哌啶来制备。
11e)4-(2,4-二氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例4b所述方法由4-(2,4-二氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苯甲基氧基-苯甲酰胺来制备。Mp.:168℃
实施例12
4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-甲磺酰氨基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例6所述方法由4-甲磺酰氨基-苯甲酰胺和4-苯甲基-哌啶制备。Mp.:225-228℃。
实施例13
4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-氨基-苯甲酰胺
13a)4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-硝基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例6所述方法由4-硝基-苯甲酰胺和4-苯甲基-哌啶来制备。Mp.:176-179℃。
13b)4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-氨基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例1b所述方法由4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-硝基-苯甲酰胺来制备。Mp.:180-182℃。
实施例14
4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-乙酰氨基-苯甲酰胺
在10℃时将在1.3ml二氯甲烷中的0.52ml(5.5mmol)醋酸酐滴加搅拌的在10ml二氯甲烷中的1.7g(5mmol)4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-氨基-苯甲酰胺的的溶液中。反应混合物在20℃搅拌2h,然后浓缩并通过柱色谱法使用Kieselgel 60作为吸附剂(Merck)和氯仿∶甲醇=95∶5作为洗脱液将残留物纯化得到0.6g(31.6%)的标题化合物。Mp.:144-146℃(乙醚)。
实施例15
4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-(4-氯苯甲酰氨基)-苯甲酰胺
在10℃将在1.1ml二氯甲烷中的0.23ml(1.8mmol)的4-氯-苯甲酰氯滴加至搅拌的在5.5ml二氯甲烷中0.506g(1.5mmol)4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-氨基-苯甲酰胺和0.25ml(1.8mmol)三乙胺的溶液中。反应混合物在20℃搅拌2h。然后将50ml水和50ml氯仿加至混合物中。滤出沉淀的结晶得到0.418g(58.5%)的标题化合物。Mp.:201-203℃。
实施例16
4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-苯甲酰氨基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例15所述方法由苯甲酰氯和4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-氨基-苯甲酰胺来制备。Mp.:201-203℃。
实施例17
4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-(甲苯-4-磺酰氨基)-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例15所述方法由p-甲苯磺酰氯和4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-氨基-苯甲酰胺来制备。Mp.:218-220℃。
实施例18
4-苯甲基哌啶-1-羧酸(1H-苯并咪唑-5-羰基)-酰胺[化合物的其
它互变异构形式是4-苯甲基哌啶-1-羧酸(3H-苯并咪唑-5-羰基)-酰
胺]
将0.5ml(5.7mmol)草酰氯加入在50ml 1,2-二氯乙烷中的0.947g(3.08mmol)1H-苯并咪唑-5-羧酸酰胺[Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.,31,252(1958)]混悬液中并将混合物在90℃搅拌5.5h。反应混合物冷却至室温后加入2.65ml(15mmol)的4-苯甲基哌啶。将如此获得的混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后浓缩并通过柱色谱法使用Kieselgel 60作为吸附剂(Merck)氯仿∶甲醇=9∶1作为洗脱液将残留物纯化得到145mg(13%)的标题化合物。Mp.:168-175℃。
实施例19
4-苯甲基哌啶-1-羧酸(1H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)-酰胺[化合物的其
它互变异构形式是4-苯甲基哌啶-1-羧酸(3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)-酰
胺]
19a)1H-苯并三唑-5-羧酸酰胺(化合物的其它互变异构形式是
3H-苯并三唑-5-羧酸酰胺)
将10ml(137mmol)亚硫酰氯和0.5ml二甲基甲酰胺加入在200ml二烷中的5.5g(33.7mmol)苯并三唑-5-羧酸[Aldrich]混悬液中。反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后浓缩。于0℃将残留物逐步加入50ml的氢氧化铵中,然后反应混合物在室温下搅拌1h并浓缩。通过柱色谱法使用Kieselgel 60作为吸附剂(Merck)和氯仿∶甲醇=4∶1作为洗脱液将残留物纯化得到5.36g(98%)的标题化合物。Mp.:298-305℃。
19b)4-苯甲基哌啶-1-羧酸(1H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)-酰胺[化合物
的其它互变异构形式是4-苯甲基哌啶-1-羧酸(3H-苯并三唑-5-羰
基)-酰胺]
本标题化合物根据实施例18所述方法由1H-苯并三唑-5-羧酸酰胺和4-苯甲基哌啶来制备。Mp.:97.5-100℃。
实施例20
4-(4-氟苯甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸(1H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)-酰胺[化合
物的其它互变异构形式是4-4-氟苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸(3H-苯并三唑
-5-羰基)-酰胺]
本标题化合物根据实施例18所述方法由1H-苯并三唑-5-羧酸酰胺和4-(4-氟苯甲基)哌啶来制备[J.Med.Chem.,35,4903,(1992)]Mp.:125-129℃。
实施例21
4-苯甲基哌啶-1-羧酸(1H-吲哚-5-羰基)-酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例18所述由1H-吲哚-5-羧酸酰胺[Heterocycles,34,1169,(1992)]和4-苯甲基哌啶制备。Mp.:110-112℃。
实施例22
4-(4-氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-乙酰氨基-苯甲酰胺
1.4g(8mmol)4-乙酰氨基-苯甲酰胺[J.Ame r.Chem.Soc,34694.(1912)],1.05ml(12mmol)草酰氯和8ml 1,2-二氯乙烷的混合物回流3小时然后冷却至5℃。在10℃以下滴加在8ml 1,2-二氯乙烷中的2.8g(12mmol)的4-(4-氟-苯甲基)-哌啶盐酸盐和2.5ml(18mmol)三乙胺的溶液,并将反应混合物在室温下搅拌10小时。然后将25ml的水加至混合物,分离有机层并使用20ml的氯仿将水相萃取三次。合并的有机层在硫酸钠上干燥,浓缩并通过柱色谱法使用Kieselgel 60作为吸附剂(Merck)和氯仿∶甲醇=99∶1将残留物纯化得到0.65g(20%)的标题化合物。Mp.:156-171℃(减压.乙醚)。
实施例23
4-(4-氯-苯氧基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-乙酰氨基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例22所述方法由4-(4-氯-苯甲基)-哌啶和4-甲磺酰氨基-苯甲酰胺来制备。Mp.:79℃(减压.乙醚)。
实施例24
4-(4-氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-甲磺酰氨基苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例22描述的方法由4-(4-氟-苯氧基)-哌啶和4-乙酰氨基-苯甲酰胺来制备。Mp.:221-222℃(乙醇)。
实施例25
4-(4-氯-苯氧基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-甲磺酰氨基苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例22所述方法由4-(4-氯-苯氧基)-哌啶和4-乙酰氨基-苯甲酰胺来制备。Mp.:79℃(减压.乙醚)。
方法B.(固相合成)
实施例26
4-(3-甲氧基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
26a)(3-甲氧基-苯甲基)-哌啶
本标题化合物根据实施例11a-11c所述方法由N-(叔丁氧基羰基)-4-哌啶酮和(3-甲氧基-苯甲基)-磷酸二乙酯来制备。[J.Amer.Chem.Soc,98,5574-5 581.(1976)]。
26b)固定在树脂上的4-羟基苯甲酰胺
7.86g(6.288mmol)Wang树脂(Novabiochem;容量:0.8mM/g;粒度:100-200目),200ml四氢呋喃,2.9g(21.1mmol)4-羟基苯甲酰胺(Aldrich),6.3g(24.0mmol)三苯基膦的混合物在0℃搅拌20min,然后加入3.8ml(24.1mmol)的二乙基偶氮羧酸盐。反应混合物在20℃搅拌24h,然后滤出产物,使用300ml二甲基甲酰胺洗涤两次,200ml四氢呋喃洗涤两次,300ml甲醇洗涤两次和200ml四氢呋喃洗涤两次。产物在室温下干燥得到8.8g标题化合物。
26c)固定在树脂上的4-(3-甲氧基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基
-苯甲酰胺
将40μl(0.46mmol)草酰氯加入先前步骤获得的在4ml 1,2-二氯乙烷中的0.2g(0.14mmol)4-羟基苯甲酰胺的混合物中。反应混合物在75℃震摇0.5h,冷却至20℃并加入150μl(0.86mmol)的N,N-二异丙基乙胺,2ml的1,2-二氯乙烷,85mg(0.41mmol)的(3-甲氧基-苯甲基)-哌啶。反应混合物震摇1h。然后滤出树脂并使用4ml二氯甲烷洗涤五次和4ml甲醇洗涤三次,最后使用4ml二氯甲烷再洗涤两次。
26d)4-(3-甲氧基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
将固定在树脂上的4-(3-甲氧基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺和1∶10的3ml三氟乙酸∶二氯甲烷的混合物震摇2h。然后滤出树脂并使用1.5ml二氯甲烷洗涤两次。将合并的滤液浓缩。通过柱色谱法使用Kieselgel 60作为吸附剂(Merck)和甲苯∶甲醇=4∶1作为洗脱液将残留物纯化得到1.4mg的标题化合物。K′=4.163。
实施例27
4-[2-(p-甲苯基)-乙基]-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例26所述方法由4-(2-p-甲苯基-乙基)-哌啶来制备[Chem.Ber.,38,161..(1905)]。k′=4.631。
实施例28
4-(苯硫-甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
28a)4-(苯硫-甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁基酯
在氩气下,将0.5g(6 0%,12.5mmol)氢化钠加入搅拌的在20ml二甲基甲酰胺的1.1ml(10.7mmol)苯硫酚(Aldrich)的溶液中。反应混合物在20℃搅拌0.5h,然后在20℃滴加在10ml二甲基甲酰胺中的3.0g(10.2mmol)4-甲磺酰氧基甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁基酯[Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,11,3161-3164.(2001)]的溶液。反应混合物在20℃搅拌3h,滴加1ml乙醇,倾入100ml水并使用氯仿进行萃取。有机层经硫酸钠干燥并浓缩得到3.2g的油状标题化合物。
28b)4-(苯硫-甲基)-哌啶盐酸盐
将3.2g(~10mmol)的4-(苯硫-甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯加入在乙酸乙酯中的50ml 2.5M盐酸溶液中。反应混合物在20℃搅拌3h。滤出沉淀的结晶,使用乙酸乙酯洗涤得到2.18g(89%)的标题化合物。Mp.:183-184℃。
28d)4-(苯硫-甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例26所述方法由4-(苯硫-甲基)-哌啶来制备。k′=4,204。
实施例29
4-(4-三氟甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例26所述方法由4-(4-三氟甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶来制备[J.Org.Chem.,64,3763.(1999)]。k′=4.421。
实施例30
4-(3,4-二氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例26所述方法由4-(3,4-二氟-苯甲基)-哌啶来制备[J.Org.Chem.,64,3763.(1999)]。k′=4.342。
实施例31
4-p-甲苯基氧基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例26所述方法由4-p-甲苯基氧基-哌啶来制备[J.Med.Chem.,21,309.(1978)]。k′=4.15。
实施例32
4-(3-甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
32a)4-(3-甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶
本标题化合物根据实施例11a-11c所述方法由N-(叔丁氧基羰基)-4-哌啶酮和(3-甲基-苯甲基)-磷酸二乙酯来制备[Tetrahedron,55,2671-2686.(1999)]。
32b)4-(3-甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例26所述方法由4-(3-甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶来制备。k′=4.384。
实施例33
4-(4-氟-苯氧基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
33a)(4-氟-苯氧基)-哌啶
本标题化合物根据实施例9a-9b所述方法由1,4-二氟-苯来制备。
33b)4-(4-氟-苯氧基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例26所述方法由(4-氟-苯氧基)-哌啶来制备。k′=3.997。
实施例34
4-[2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-乙基]-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例26所述方法由4-[2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-乙基]-哌啶来制备。k′=4.398。
实施例35
4-(3-氰基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
35a)4-(3-氰基-苯甲基)-哌啶
本标题化合物根据实施例11a-11c所述方法由N-(叔丁氧基羰基)-4-哌啶酮和(3-氰基-苯甲基)-磷酸二乙酯来制备[Eur.J.Med.Chem.,15,2927-2938.(2001)]。
35b)4-(3-氰基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例26所述方法由4-(3-氰基-苯甲基)-哌啶来制备。k′=4.048。
实施例36
4-(2-乙氧基-苯氧基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
36a)4-(2-乙氧基-苯氧基)-哌啶
本标题化合物根据实施例9a-9b所述方法由1-乙氧基-2-氟-苯来制备[Chem.Zentralbl.,84,760.(1913)]。
36b)4-(2-乙氧基-苯氧基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例26所述方法由4-(2-乙氧基-苯氧基)-哌啶来制备。k′=3.956。
实施例37
4-(3-氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
37a)4-(3-氟-苯甲基)-哌啶
本标题化合物根据实施例11a-11c所述方法由N-(叔丁氧基羰基)-4-哌啶酮和(3-氟-苯甲基)-磷酸二乙酯来制备[Org.Magn.Reson.,9,35(1977)]。
37b)4-(3-氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例26所述方法由4-(3-氟-苯甲基)-哌啶来制备。k′=4.256。
实施例38
4-苯氧基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
本标题化合物根据实施例26所述方法由4-苯氧基-哌啶来制备[J.Med.Chem.,17,1000.(1974)]。k′=3.786。
实施例39
4-[1-(4-羟基-苯甲酰基氨基甲酰)-哌啶-4-基-甲基]-苯甲酸甲
酯
39a)4-(4-甲氧羰基-苯甲基)-哌啶
本标题化合物根据实施例11a-11c所述方法由N-(叔丁氧基羰基)-4-哌啶酮和(4-甲氧基羰基-苯甲基)-磷酸二乙酯来制备[DE1112072]。
39b)4-[1-(4-羟基-苯甲酰基氨基甲酰)-哌啶-4-基-甲基]-苯甲
酸甲酯
本标题化合物根据实施例26所述方法由4-(4-甲氧羰基-苯甲基)-哌啶制备。k′=3.935。
实施例40
药物组合物的制备;
a)片剂:
将0.01-50%的式(I)的活性成分,15-50%的乳糖,15-50%的马铃薯淀粉,5-15%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,1-5%的滑石粉,0.01-3%的硬脂酸镁,1-3%的胶体二氧化硅和2-7%的过支链淀粉混合,然后通过湿法制粒并压制成片剂。
b)糖衣片,薄膜包衣片:
将按照上述方法制备的片剂涂敷由肠或胃溶薄膜组成的,或由糖或滑石粉组成的层。糖衣片用蜂蜡和carnuba腊的混合物抛光。
c)胶囊:
将0.01-50%的式(I)活性成分,1-5%的十二烷基硫酸钠,15-50%的淀粉,15-50%的乳糖,1-3%的胶体二氧化硅和0.01-3%的硬脂酸镁充分混合,将混合物过筛并填充至硬明胶胶囊中。
d)混悬液:
成分:0.01-15%的式(I)活性成分,0.1-2%的氢氧化钠,0.1-3%的柠檬酸,0.05-0.2%的尼泊金(4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠),0.005-0.02%的对羟基苯甲酸丙酯,0.01-0.5%的卡波普(聚丙烯酸),0.1-5%的96%乙醇,0.1-1%的矫味剂,20-70%的山梨醇(70%水溶液)和30-50%的蒸馏水。
在剧烈搅拌下,将少量的卡波普加至在20ml蒸馏水中的尼泊金和枸橼酸溶液中,并将溶液放置10-12h。然后在搅拌下加入在1ml蒸馏水中的氢氧化钠,山梨醇水溶液并最终加入乙醇覆盆子香精。往载体中加入少量活性成分并使用浸渍匀浆机悬浮。最后用蒸馏水将该悬浮剂加至所需最终体积,且将该悬浮糖浆过胶体研磨设备。
e)栓剂:
对每种栓剂,将0.01-15%的式(I)活性成分和1-20%的乳糖充分混合,然后将50-95%的栓剂前动物脂肪(例如Witepsol 4)熔化并冷却至35℃,用匀化器将活性成分和乳糖的混合物在其中混合。将所得混合物冷却塑模。
f)冻干粉安瓿组合物:
以注射用双蒸水制成5%的甘露醇或乳糖水溶液,将该溶液过滤以获得灭菌溶液。0.01-5%式(I)活性成分的水溶液也以注射用双蒸水制成,并将此溶液过滤以获得灭菌溶液。在无菌条件下将这两种溶液混合,在安瓿中装入1ml,将安瓿内容物冻干,且将安瓿在氮气下密封。在施用前,将安瓿内容物溶解在灭菌水或0.9%(生理的)灭菌氯化钠水溶液中。
Claims (10)
1、式(I)的新的苯甲酰脲衍生物
-其中含义为
X和Y独立地为氢原子,羟基,苯甲基氧基,氨基,硝基,任选由一个卤素原子或多个卤素原子取代的C1-C4烷基磺酰胺基,任选由一个卤素原子或多个卤素原子取代的C1-C4烷酰基酰胺基,C1-C4烷氧基,任选由卤素原子或C1-C4烷基取代的芳酰基-氨甲酰基,或C1-C4烷氧基羰基,或
相邻的X和Y基团任选地与一个或多个相同或不同的另外的杂原子和-CH=和/或-CH2-基形成任选取代的4-7元的同环-或杂环,优选吗啉,吡咯,吡咯烷,氧代-或硫代-吡咯烷,吡唑,吡唑烷,咪唑,咪唑烷,氧代-或硫代-咪唑或咪唑烷,1,4-嗪,唑,唑烷,三唑,氧代-或硫代-唑烷,或3-氧代-1,4-嗪环,
V和Z独立地是氢或卤素原子,氰基,C1-C4烷基,C1-C4烷氧基,三氟甲基,羟基或任选酯化的羧基,
W是氧原子,以及C1-C4烯基,C2-C4亚烯基,氨羰基,-NH-,-N(烷基)-,-CH2O-,-CH2S-,-CH(OH)-,-OCH2-基,-其中烷基的定义是C1-C4烷基-,
当虚线键()表示C-C单键时U是羟基或氢原子或
当W是C1-C4烯基或C2-C4亚烯基时,虚线键()之一可以表示另外的C-C双键并且在这种情况下U表示参与双键的电子对
以及其旋光对映体,外消旋化合物及盐。
2、如权利要求1所定义的式(I)的化合物,其中含义为:
X为氢原子,
Y为羟基,苯甲基氧基,氨基,硝基,C1-C4烷基磺酰胺基,C1-C4烷酰基酰胺基,任选由卤素原子或C1-C4烷基取代的苯甲酰基-氨甲酰基,或C1-C4烷氧基羰基,或
相邻的X和Y基团任选地与一个或多个相同或不同的另外的杂原子和-CH=和/或-CH2-基形成唑,咪唑或三唑环,
V和Z独立地是氢或卤素原子,氰基,C1-C4烷基,C1-C4烷氧基,三氟甲基,羟基或甲氧基-羰基,
W是氧原子,以及C1-C4烯基,-CH2O-,-OCH2-基,
当虚线键()表示C-C单键时U是羟基或氢原子或
当W是C1-C4烯基或C2-C4亚烯基时,虚线键()之一可以表示另外的C-C双键并且在这种情况下U表示参与双键的电子对。
3、属于权利要求1的范围的下组的苯甲酰脲衍生物的化合物
4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
4-(4-甲氧基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
4-(4-甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
4-(4-氯-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
4-(4-氟-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
4-(4-甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-甲磺酰氨基苯甲酰胺
4-苯甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸(2-氧-2,3-二氢-苯并唑-6-羰基)-酰胺
4-(3-甲氧基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
4-(2-p-甲苯基-乙基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
4-(苯硫-甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
4-(4-三氟甲基-苯甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸4-羟基-苯甲酰胺
4、含有有效量的式(I)的苯甲酰脲衍生物-其中X,Y,V,W,Z,虚线键()和U的含义如权利要求1-或其旋光对映体或其外消旋化合物或其盐作为活性成分和实践中通常使用的辅助材料,例如载体,赋形剂,稀释剂,稳定剂,润湿剂或乳化剂,pH-和渗透压-调节剂,调味剂,或芳香剂,以及增进配方或供应配方的添加剂的药物组合物。
5、制备式(I)的苯甲酰脲衍生物的方法,
其中X,Y,V,W,Z,虚线键()和U的含义如权利要求1,其特征在于:
a.)在溶剂中使式(II)的取代的异氰酸苯甲酰酯,优选在原位合成,
-其中X和Y的含义如权利要求1-与式(III)的胺反应
-其中V,W,Z,虚线键()和U的含义如权利要求1-,或
b.)使用三苯膦和二乙基azodicarboxilate将式(V)的取代的苯甲酰胺
-其中X是羟基和Y如权利要求1-偶合到树脂上,然后
将获得的偶合到树脂上的苯甲酰胺与草酰氯反应,将这样形成的异氰酸苯甲酰酯进一步与式(III)的胺反应
-其中V,W,Z,虚线键()和U如权利要求1-在三烷基胺存在的情况下,
和使获得的式(I)的苯甲酰脲衍生物-其中X,Y,V,W,Z,虚线键()和U如权利要求1-从树脂分离。
然后将如此获得的式(I)的苯甲酰脲衍生物-其中X,Y,V,W,Z,虚线键()和U如权利要求1-任选地通过引入新的取代基和/或修饰或除去存在的基团,和/或成盐和/或通过将化合物从盐中游离,和/或使用光学活性的酸或碱通过已知的方法将所得的外消旋化合物拆分而转变成另外的式(I)苯甲酰脲衍生物。
6、如权利要求5的方法,其特征在于在氯化锡(IV)存在的情况下通过使式(IV)的取代的苯甲酰卤化物
其中X和Y的含义如权利要求1并且Hal为卤素原子-与碱金属氰酸盐反应合成式(II)的取代的异氰酸苯甲酰酯-其中X和Y的含义如权利要求1-来开始。
7、如权利要求5的方法,其特征在于通过使式(V)的取代的苯甲酰胺
其中X和Y的含义如权利要求1-与草酰氯合成式(II)的取代的异氰酸苯甲酰酯-其中X和Y的含义如权利要求1-来开始。
8、制备具有NR2B选择性NMDA受体拮抗剂作用的药物组合物的方法,其特征在于将有效量的式(I)的苯甲酰脲衍生物-其中X,Y,V,W,Z,虚线键()和U的含义如权利要求1-或其旋光对映体或其外消旋化合物或其盐作为活性成分和实践中通常使用的辅助材料,例如载体,赋形剂,稀释剂,稳定剂,润湿剂或乳化剂,pH-和渗透压-调节剂,调味剂,或芳香剂,以及增进配方或供应配方的添加剂混合。
9、治疗和缓解哺乳动物-包括人的以下疾病-大脑或脊髓的创伤性损伤,与人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)相关的神经元损伤,肌萎缩性侧索硬化,阿片类物质治疗疼痛的耐受和/或依赖,滥用药物例如乙醇、阿片样物质或可卡因的戒断综合征,局部缺血性CNS疾病,慢性神经变性疾病,例如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病,疼痛和慢性疼痛状态,例如神经性疼痛或癌症相关疼痛,癫痫,焦虑,抑郁,偏头疼,精神病,肌肉痉挛,不同原因的痴呆,低血糖,视网膜的变性疾病,青光眼,哮喘,耳鸣,氨基糖苷抗生素诱发的听力损失的症状的方法,其特征在于如此给所治疗的哺乳动物施用有效量/数量的式(I)的苯甲酰脲衍生物-其中X,Y,V,W,Z,虚线键()和U的含义如权利要求1-或其旋光对映体或其外消旋化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或将其与在药学上通常应用的载体,填充剂等组合使用。
10、式(I)的苯甲酰脲衍生物-其中X,Y,V,W,Z,虚线键()和U的含义如权利要求1-或其旋光对映体或其外消旋化合物或其药学上可接受的盐制备用于治疗和缓解哺乳动物以下疾病症状的药物的用途,疾病包括大脑或脊髓的创伤性损伤,与人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)相关的神经元损伤,肌萎缩性侧索硬化,阿片类物质治疗疼痛的耐受和/或依赖,滥用药物例如乙醇、阿片样物质或可卡因的戒断综合征,局部缺血性CNS疾病,慢性神经变性疾病,例如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病,疼痛和慢性疼痛状态,例如神经性疼痛或癌症相关疼痛,癫痫,焦虑,抑郁,偏头疼,精神病,肌肉痉挛,不同原因的痴呆,低血糖,视网膜的变性疾病,青光眼,哮喘,耳鸣,氨基糖苷抗生素诱发的听力损失。
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