CN1980802A - 用于滚入式小床的自锁旋转脚轮 - Google Patents

用于滚入式小床的自锁旋转脚轮 Download PDF

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CN1980802A
CN1980802A CNA2005800164655A CN200580016465A CN1980802A CN 1980802 A CN1980802 A CN 1980802A CN A2005800164655 A CNA2005800164655 A CN A2005800164655A CN 200580016465 A CN200580016465 A CN 200580016465A CN 1980802 A CN1980802 A CN 1980802A
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lectulum
castor
formula
rolls
releasing unit
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迪安·E·迈尔斯
尤金·范戴内
威廉·H·本尼迪克特
加文·布罗德利
艾伦·坎布里奇
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Ferno Washington Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/04—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors adjustable, e.g. in height; linearly shifting castors
    • B60B33/06—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors adjustable, e.g. in height; linearly shifting castors mounted retractably
    • B60B33/066—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors adjustable, e.g. in height; linearly shifting castors mounted retractably by use of a hinge and lever mechanism to swing wheel upwards relative to wheel mount
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61G1/00—Stretchers
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61G1/00—Stretchers
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61G1/00—Stretchers
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    • A61G1/00—Stretchers
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61G1/00—Stretchers
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    • A61G1/0293—Stretchers with wheels stretcher supports with wheels, e.g. used for stretchers without wheels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61G1/00—Stretchers
    • A61G1/04—Parts, details or accessories, e.g. head-, foot-, or like rests specially adapted for stretchers
    • A61G1/052—Struts, spars or legs
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    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
    • A61G7/05—Parts, details or accessories of beds
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/0002—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors assembling to the object, e.g. furniture
    • B60B33/0005—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors assembling to the object, e.g. furniture characterised by mounting method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/0002—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors assembling to the object, e.g. furniture
    • B60B33/0015—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors assembling to the object, e.g. furniture characterised by adaptations made to castor
    • B60B33/0021—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors assembling to the object, e.g. furniture characterised by adaptations made to castor in the form of a mounting pin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/0036—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by type of wheels
    • B60B33/0039—Single wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/0047—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the rolling axle
    • B60B33/0049—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the rolling axle the rolling axle being horizontal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/0047—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the rolling axle
    • B60B33/0057—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the rolling axle the rolling axle being offset from swivel axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/006—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the swivel mechanism
    • B60B33/0065—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the swivel mechanism characterised by details of the swivel axis
    • B60B33/0068—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the swivel mechanism characterised by details of the swivel axis the swivel axis being vertical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/006—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the swivel mechanism
    • B60B33/0065—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the swivel mechanism characterised by details of the swivel axis
    • B60B33/0073—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the swivel mechanism characterised by details of the swivel axis the swivel axis being symmetrical to wheel or wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/02—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors with disengageable swivel action, i.e. comprising a swivel locking mechanism
    • B60B33/025—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors with disengageable swivel action, i.e. comprising a swivel locking mechanism by using form-fit, e.g. front teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/02—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors with disengageable swivel action, i.e. comprising a swivel locking mechanism
    • B60B33/026—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors with disengageable swivel action, i.e. comprising a swivel locking mechanism being actuated remotely, e.g. by cable or electrically

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Abstract

一种滚入式小床(1)，具有连接到一个带轮子的运输装置的病人支架，其中带轮子的运输装置包括可折叠前腿(3)和后腿(4)，可折叠前腿和后腿具有各自的近端和远端，近端枢轴连接到一个框架(2)上，远端包括旋转脚轮(18A、18B)。其中，至少可折叠前腿(3)的旋转脚轮(18A)可以以旋转或锁紧模式操作。在小床(1)处在完全直立位置时，旋转模式只可以由脚轮释放机构(22)操作。

Description

用于滚入式小床的自锁旋转脚轮
技术领域
本发明涉及应急小床，诸如用于运送病人的这类小床。具体地，本发明涉及用于应急车辆诸如救护车的这类带有自锁旋转脚轮的且具有可折叠腿的滚入式小床。
背景技术
滚入式应急小床用于将病人支承在担架上，担架安装在带轮的底架或运输装置上。病人可以由一个操作人员在尾端移动到应急小床上或可以在其他操作人员的协助下放到带轮运输装置上。
滚入式应急小床构造成能够滚动进入各种类型的营救车辆，诸如救护车、搬运车、客车、专用营救车辆、飞机、直升飞机等。为了能够将应急小床滚入这样的车辆，小床一般地构造成将担架支承在与运输病人的应急车辆的平台相同的高度上。底架或运输装置折叠在担架下面并支承在平台上。
滚入式应急小床典型地在支承结构的下端设置有旋转脚轮，以改善小床的移动性。典型地，前面的或引导的一对轮子是锁紧脚轮，当解开锁紧时，它允许担架在其非纵向的方向上运动，当锁紧时担架处在其纵向的方向上。当将小床装入应急车辆时，锁紧位置典型地被接合。
典型地，旋转阻挡销安装在腿的外侧。阻挡销接合脚轮，以可选择地阻止脚轮绕腿的旋转。然而，为了阻止脚轮的旋转，通常必须使脚轮相对于阻挡销的位置对准，以便手工地使阻挡销和脚轮接合。在将担架插入应急车辆中时，这增加了一个额外步骤，在紧急状况中这一点可能会不被注意到。
现在技术的设备一直努力通过设置脚轮锁紧控制组件来解决这个问题，所述脚轮锁紧控制组件通过钢索操作阻挡销，它能够使医务人员远距离选择脚轮的操作模式。这样的设备由国际申请书号PCT/US00/07522公开。在这个公开的申请中，控制组件通过设置在担架每边上的桶形开关的转动将脚轮锁紧在旋转或在固定的方位。因此，当具有这样一种脚轮锁紧控制组件的小床被装入救护车的后面时，如果技术人员忘记将桶形开关转到锁紧位置，在卸下小床时，一对旋转脚轮在接触地面时的这种非纵向运动可使小床翻倒。因此，需要改进用于应急车辆诸如救护车的具有锁紧旋转脚轮的可折叠腿的小床。
发明内容
本发明提供一种应急小床，它能够简化可折叠前腿的锁紧旋转脚轮的操作，它克服或改正上述的一个或多个缺点，或者说它至少向消费者提供一种有用的或商业上的选择。
在本发明的第一个广泛的形式中，提供一种滚入式小床，它具有连接到带轮子的运输装置上的病人支架，其中带轮子的运输装置包括可折叠的前腿和后腿，可折叠前腿和后腿具有各自的近端和远端，近端枢轴连接到一个框架上，远端包括旋转脚轮以容易地操纵担架。在担架前端处，旋转脚轮还是可锁紧的以及是可以按旋转模式或固定模式操作的。旋转模式允许锁紧旋转脚轮绕它们各自的前腿旋转360度。固定模式是自驱动的并且使可折叠前腿的旋转脚轮固定成与小床的纵向方向一致，以使滚入式小床可以以直线推动。
本发明提供一种脚轮释放组件，它允许医务人员容易地选择脚轮的旋转模式。脚轮释放组件从小床的前端是可接近的并且从固定模式释放前脚轮。因此，医务人员需要位于小车的前端或在其附近以驱动脚轮释放组件。
医务人员通过牢固地抓住一个包含的手操作杠杆来驱动释放组件。通过杠杆驱动，释放组件使脚轮维持在旋转模式。诸如当将病人搬入应急车辆时，释放杠杆使小床处于固定模式。在固定模式中，小床的任何前进运动将引脚轮绕它们各自的腿旋转，一旦纵向地对准，释放组件将自动地和有效地将前脚轮锁定在装载方向上。在将小床装入应急车辆时，这防止医务人员无意识地忘记锁紧脚轮。手操作杠杆仅在小床处在其完全提升位置时操作，以使小车处在旋转模式。在小床处在较低或最低位置的情况下，诸如当将小床装到应急车辆上或从应急车辆卸下小床时，这防止了旋转锁紧机械的事故操作。
附图说明
为了可以更全面理解和实施本发明，现在将参照附图描述本发明的各个实施例。
在结合下列附图阅读本发明的优先实施例的下列详细描述时，能够最好地理解本发明，这里同样的结构用同样的附图标记来指示，其中：
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的滚入式小床处在完全伸展位置的正向透视图。
图2a是图1滚入式小床处于完全装入应急车辆之前的位置的侧视图。
图2b是图2a滚入式小床的下方局部透视图，示出脚轮释放组件处在可操作位置。
图3a是图1滚入式小床部分放置在应急车辆上的侧视图。
图3b是图3a滚入式小床的下方局部透视图，示出脚轮释放组件处在不可操作位置。
图4是图1滚入式小床完全放置在应急车辆上的侧视图。
图5是根据本发明的脚轮释放组件的一部分的分解图。
图6a是根据本发明的脚轮释放组件的第一放大局部剖视图，示出在滚入式小床处在完全伸展位置的情况下相对于释放杆定位的驱动器，该位置是释放杆能够由驱动器接合的唯一位置。
图6b是根据本发明的脚轮释放组件的第二放大局部剖视图，其中当小床的前腿在小床下面移动到完全装载位置时，释放杆旋转离开驱动器，以致当滚入式小床移动到且处在装载位置时脚轮释放组件是不可操作的。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一种滚入式小床，总体指示为符号1。它由一个框架2构成，一对可折叠前腿和一对可折叠后腿4枢轴安装在框架2上。为了公开这种小床，将图2a、3a和4中示出的滚入式小床1的左端看成后端，小床的右端看成前端。滚入式小床1向右的运动是向前运动；向左的运动是向后运动。
在所示的完全提升状态中，滚入式小床1支承在一对可折叠前腿3和一对可折叠后腿4上。可折叠前腿3和后腿4典型地每个都分别呈一对腿的形式，依次设置在框架2的两侧，以便为装载小床1提供稳定性。在一个实施例中，一对前腿3之间间隔的距离大于或小于一对后腿4之间的距离，以致在折叠状态中各对腿能够折叠成一种嵌套结构形状。一种可选的结构形状采用单个前腿和/或单个后腿，每个间隔开的轮在其远端。在图示的实施例中，各对可折叠腿3和4还是张开的，即一对可折叠前腿向前倾斜，一对可折叠后腿向后倾斜。然而，在一个可选实施例中，可以使用竖直腿。
一对可折叠前腿3通过支杆5锁紧就位，支杆5锁紧到框架2上。一对可折叠后腿通过锁紧到框架2的支杆6锁紧就位。在锁紧状态下，成对的腿3和4保持在安装状态，不动作腿释放组件或安全装置将不会引起腿的折叠。
为了折叠成对的腿3和4，释放组件7由手柄8操作，手柄8通过相对于滚入式小床1使杆9向后运动来驱动杆9。在操作手柄8以使杆9在向后方向上运动时，杆9由臂10引起侧向位移，臂10枢轴安装到框架和杆9上。释放组件7还包括接触杆11，接触杆11用于和例如在应急车辆19(图2a)上的平台后部接合。接触杆11的驱动引起凸轮12在框架2上旋转。凸轮12在框架2上的旋转使杆9进一步在侧向上运动，由此使一对后腿4的折叠。类似的腿释放和安全机构可以设置在一对前腿3上。该机构和接触杆11的操作由2003年9月26日提交的共同待审的和公共拥有PCT申请US03/30429公开。将其完全加入在这里作为参考。
框架2进一步包括装载轮13，装载轮13也设置在一对可折叠前腿3和一对可折叠后腿4的引导空间上。滚入式小床1还包括病人支架14，为了清晰起见，将其从带轮运输装置15移走。用于本发明的滚入式小床的病人支架14可以呈任何便利形式。合适地，病人支架14可以呈担架形式。
然而，应理解的是，可以使用其他的病人支架结构形式，诸如椅子等。在一个实施例中，病人支架14呈分段担架的形式，由此各个部分轮廓能够提供对病人改善的支承。在另一个实施例中，病人支架14可拆卸地连接到带轮运输装置15上。在再另一个实施例中，病人支架14是可拆卸的担架，它可以可逆地连接到带轮子的运输装置15的框架上。在另一个实施例中，病人支架14永久地连接到带轮子的运输装置15上。
带轮子的运输装置15可以是任何方便结构形式且在高度上优选地是可调整的，以致滚入式小床可以容易地装入应急车辆中。框架2也可以包括将医疗器械连接到其上的设施，这些设施可以与病人运送有关。例如，框架2可以包括用于支承氧气罐、心脏监测设备、静脉注射支柱等的接纳器或放置口。
在一个实施例中，各个成对的可折叠腿3和4设置有支撑构件16和17，它们在其之间延伸以稳定各对可折叠腿。另外，旋转脚轮18a和18b设置在每个腿的末端。
在滚入式小床1前端的旋转脚轮18a还是可锁紧的并且以旋转模式或固定模式操作。旋转模式使锁紧旋转脚轮18a绕它们各自的前腿旋转360度。固定模式是自驱动的且使可拆叠前腿的锁紧旋转脚轮18a固定成与小床的纵向方向一致，从而滚入式小床可以容易地以直线推动。
应当理解，本发明提供了具有简化可折叠前腿3的旋转脚轮18a的锁紧操作的滚入式小床1。医务人员通过操作脚轮释放组件22的手操作杠杆20(它由图2b、3b及6a和6b最好地示出)容易地选择旋转模式。手操作杠杆20从小床1的前端是可接近的，用于从固定模式释放前脚轮18a。因此，医务人员需要位于小床1的前端或在其附近来驱动脚轮释放组件22。
医务人员通过牢固地握持手操作杠杆来驱动脚轮释放组件22。应当理解，对杠杆20施压将使驱动器24移动到脚轮释放组件22的释放杆28的撞击板26中，如图2b所示。使撞击板26运动从而使释放杆28旋转，释放杆28清除在每个锁紧旋转脚轮18a的销30和支承板32之间的干扰，如图5和6a的最好地示出。一旦杠杆20被驱动，释放组件22使脚轮处维持在旋转模式。例如当将病人搬入如图2a、2b和4图示的应急车辆时，释放杠杆20使小床处于固定模式。在固定模式中，小床的任何向前运动将引起锁紧旋转脚轮18a绕它们各自的腿旋转，一旦纵向上对准，释放组件将自动地和有效地将前脚转锁紧在装载方向上。
如图5最佳示出，当脚轮18a绕其各自的腿旋转且杠杆20被释放时，由于弹簧36提供的偏置力，销30将回座进入设置在支承板32中的凹坑34a和34b中。支承板32的凹坑34a和34b布置成使脚轮18a位于相关位置中，以致小床能够按直线滚动。
应当理解，当小床处在其完全提升位置时，手操作杠杆20只能操作使小床1处在旋转模式。如图2b、3b、6a和6b所图示，当一对前腿向后移动时，诸如当小车正在滚到如图3a图示的应急车辆上时，其中当小床的腿在小床下面移动到完全装载位置时，释放杆28的撞击板26旋转离开驱动器24。按这种方式，一旦腿3从完全直立位置移动时，驱动器24和撞击板26就分开，以致脚轮释放组件22是不可操作的，同时滚入式小床转变成装载位置。因此，操作杠杆20将不起任何作用。在小床1处在较低或最低位置的情况下，诸如从应急车辆卸下小床或将小床装到应急车辆上时，这阻止事故操作和防止锁紧旋转脚轮的释放。
在参照优选实施例详细描述本发明之后，显然，在不离开在附录权利要求中限定的本发明的范围的情况下可以对本发明进行修改和改变。

Claims (5)

1.一种滚入式小床，具有连接到带轮子的运输装置上的病人支架，其中带轮子的运输装置包括可折叠的前腿和后腿，可折叠前腿和后腿具有各自的近端和远端，近端枢轴连接到框架上，远端包括旋转脚轮以容易地操纵担架，在担架前端至少所述旋转脚轮是可锁紧的以及是可以按旋转模式或固定模式操作的，其中旋转模式允许锁紧旋转脚轮绕它们各自的前腿旋转360度，固定模式是自驱动并且使可折叠前腿的旋转脚轮固定成与小床的纵向方向一致，以便滚入式小床可以以直线推动。
2.权利要求1的滚入式小床，进一步设置有用于选择旋转模式的脚轮释放组件，其中脚轮释放组件的杠杆从小床的前端是可接近的。
3.权利要求2的滚入式小床，其中脚轮释放组件适合于一旦杠杆被操作可维持脚轮处在旋转模式。
4.权利要求2的滚入式小床，其中从驱动位置释放杠杆，自动地使小床处于固定模式，其中，在固定模式，小床的任何向前运动将引起前腿的锁定旋转脚轮绕它们各自的腿旋转，一旦纵向上对准，脚轮释放组件将自动地和有效地将前脚轮锁定在装载方向上。
5.权利要求2的滚入式小床，其中，脚轮释放组件只在小床处在其完全提升位置时才操作以使小床处于旋转模式。
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