CN1938530A - 齿轮传动装置 - Google Patents

齿轮传动装置 Download PDF

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CN1938530A
CN1938530A CNA2005800097222A CN200580009722A CN1938530A CN 1938530 A CN1938530 A CN 1938530A CN A2005800097222 A CNA2005800097222 A CN A2005800097222A CN 200580009722 A CN200580009722 A CN 200580009722A CN 1938530 A CN1938530 A CN 1938530A
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annular element
gear
boss assembly
gear drive
noise
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T·R·G·戴文尼
J·C·史密思
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BOC Group Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H55/00Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/02Toothed members; Worms
    • F16H55/14Construction providing resilience or vibration-damping
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01CROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C19/00Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C19/02Radially-movable sealings for working fluids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F04C15/0042Systems for the equilibration of forces acting on the machines or pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/50Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members
    • F16D3/64Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members comprising elastic elements arranged between substantially-radial walls of both coupling parts
    • F16D3/66Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members comprising elastic elements arranged between substantially-radial walls of both coupling parts the elements being metallic, e.g. in the form of coils
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/0006Vibration-damping or noise reducing means specially adapted for gearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/08Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C18/12Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C18/123Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with radially or approximately radially from the rotor body extending tooth-like elements, co-operating with recesses in the other rotor, e.g. one tooth
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/08Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C18/12Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C18/126Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with radially from the rotor body extending elements, not necessarily co-operating with corresponding recesses in the other rotor, e.g. lobes, Roots type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/08Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C18/12Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C18/14Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F04C18/16Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2220/00Application
    • F04C2220/10Vacuum
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19Gearing
    • Y10T74/19633Yieldability in gear trains

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于将转矩从一个轴传送到另一个轴的齿轮传动装置,包括安装在各个轴上的两个相互啮合的齿轮。一个齿轮包括用于接收一个轴的毂部件,一个锯齿环形部件被安装用于随着该毂部件旋转。在该毂部件和环形部件之间提供的至少一个弹簧具有能够减少在该齿轮旋转期间由至少一个齿轮的偏心率导致的扭转振动和噪声的刚性。

Description

齿轮传动装置
本发明涉及一种用于从一个轴向另一个轴传送转矩的齿轮传动装置,以及涉及一种适于在这种装置中使用的齿轮。该齿轮传动装置对于在真空泵的轴之间传送转矩是特别有用的。
参照图1,一种已知的真空泵包括泵腔,一对由轴承2支撑的平行轴1穿过该泵腔。转子3被安装在每个轴1上以在该泵腔内旋转。该转子3具有互补的抽吸曲线,其可以是罗茨、Northey(或“爪”)或螺旋。在使用中,当电动机4驱动一个轴1时,通过该啮合的定时齿轮使另一个轴与该轴同步旋转。该转子3的曲线这样设计以便将被泵吸的流体抽到该泵腔的入口中,并且通过出口从该泵腔排出。
图1示出了三种不同的泵结构。在图1(a)中,转子3被安装在轴承2之间,并且在该泵的电动机驱动端提供定时齿轮5。在图1(b)中,在该泵的另一端提供定时齿轮5,而图1(c)示出了使用悬臂转子的结构。
通过定时齿轮5传送转矩会受到齿轮偏心率的影响。齿轮偏心率导致振荡的驱动转矩,对于同心齿轮其通常将是恒定的。在高惯性的情况下,由具有典型的生产偏心率容差的齿轮驱动轻量负载的旋转机械,该振荡驱动转矩的幅度将会超过稳定状态驱动转矩。因此,该齿轮脱离啮合,这会导致高频齿-齿撞击,在轻量负载的旋转机械中频繁出现特征噪声。
已经研制出了一种泵设计以减少摩擦和功率消耗。从而减少了所需的稳定状态驱动转矩,从而旋转机械变得更加倾向于偏心率导致的扭转振动和相关的噪声问题。
本发明的至少一个优选实施例的目的是通过调节典型的齿轮偏心率来减少这种扭转振动和噪声。
在一个方面,本发明提供了一种用于将转矩从一个轴传送到另一个轴的齿轮传动装置,该齿轮传动装置包括两个安装在各个轴上的相互啮合的齿轮,一个齿轮包括用于接收一个轴的毂部件,安装用于随着该毂部件旋转的锯齿环形部件,和在该毂部件和环形部件之间提供的装置,该装置具有能够减少在该齿轮旋转期间由至少一个齿轮的偏心率所导致的扭转振动和噪声的刚性。
该用于抑制扭转振动和噪声的装置优选地包括位于该毂部件和环形部件之间的弹性联轴器。该联轴器优选地被设置在该部件的相对面之间。在该优选的实施例中,该弹性联轴器被设置在用于在该部件之间传送转矩的驱动机构内。例如,一个部件可以包括一个或多个凹口,每个凹口用于接收另一个部件的制动器以便在该部件之间传送转矩,该弹性联轴器被设置在每个凹口和制动器的相对面之间。
从而,该用于抑制扭转振动和噪声的装置优选地包括设置在该部件的相对面之间的至少一个弹性部件。在该优选实施例中,多个弹性部件中的每个被设置在该部件的各个相对面之间。
该弹性部件可以由多个弹簧方便地提供,例如金属扭簧或平移弹簧,包括沿着该部件的半径内的切线作用的板簧、盘簧和螺旋弹簧。可选地,可以使用排斥磁体,其中所产生的刚性与该磁通量成比例。最后,在一些应用中,使用粘弹性材料可以是合适的。
在该毂部件和环形部件之间提供例如弹簧的装置可以允许控制该齿轮的扭转刚性。通过在该部件之间提供弹簧,可以减少由于偏心率而加速和减速的惯性。当齿轮加速时,该弹簧被设计成压缩以使得该轴能够保持在恒定的速度。这种轴与偏心率所导致齿轮加速的分离减少了驱动转矩的振荡,并且将增加会致使齿轮脱离啮合的偏心率。
在不是由齿轮偏心率导致的外部转矩导致齿轮脱离啮合的情况下,该弹簧将会作用以消除当该齿轮返回啮合时产生的影响,并从而作用以将该传动装置带回到线性、啮合的工作区域。依靠这种理论的支持,对于齿-齿撞击的非线性分析显示,仅当该总扭转刚性在特定水平之上时,该齿轮才会脱离啮合。换句话说,低扭转刚性旋转机械(“弱轴”)将会一直保持啮合。
本发明的这个方面扩展到一种真空泵,包括由上述齿轮传动装置连接在一起的至少两个轴。例如,高速罗茨增压真空泵包括在泵腔内以1∶1的齿轮比旋转的罗茨曲线转子。当在最大速度和极限压力(该泵能获得的最佳真空)下工作时,该齿轮之间的扭转振动会是一个问题。所生成的噪声显示为依赖于齿轮偏心率,并且具有可靠的生产齿轮容差。根据本发明的一种与该被驱动轴配合的试验型齿轮显示为,消除了伴随通常会导致泵产生该噪声问题的齿轮偏心率而发生的齿-齿撞击。
在本发明的另一方面,提供一种用于将转矩从一个轴传送到另一个轴的齿轮,该齿轮包括用于接收一个轴的毂部件,安装用于随着该毂部件旋转的锯齿环形部件,和在该毂部件和环形部件之间提供的装置,该装置具有能够减少在使用期间由该环形部件的偏心率所导致的扭转振动和噪声的刚性。
本发明的另一方面提供了,在齿轮传动装置的齿轮中使用至少一个弹簧以减少在该齿轮旋转期间由该至少一个齿轮的偏心率所导致的扭转振动和噪声。
现在将参照附图,通过仅仅是示例的方式来描述本发明的优选特征,其中:
图1示意性示出了三种已知的泵结构;
图2是适用于图1的任何一个泵的齿轮的横截面;和
图3是示出了用于在图2的齿轮的毂部件和环形部件之间传送转矩的结构的横截面。
参照图2,适用于图1所示任何一个真空泵或者任何其他轻量负载高惯性旋转机器的齿轮10包括用于接收该泵的轴的毂部件12,和安装用于随着该毂部件12旋转并且具有周边齿16的环形部件。该被毂部件12接收的轴可以是该泵的驱动轴或被驱动轴。轴承装置18被该环形部件14的孔和该轴所承载。
在使用中,环形部件14的周边齿16与另一齿轮的相应齿啮合,该齿轮具有与齿轮10的1∶1齿轮比,与图1所示的定时齿轮5相似。
用于在部件12、14之间传送转矩的驱动结构由在垂直于该部件之一的旋转轴的表面周围提供的多个制动器提供,该多个制动器进入在另一部件的相对轴向表面周围提供的各个凹口。在图2所示的实施例中,在环形部件14上提供制动器20,而在毂部件12上提供凹口22,但是其也可以是另一种方式,即在毂部件上提供制动器而在环形部件上提供凹口。
如图3所示,板簧24a、24b被设置在制动器20和凹口22的相对径向表面26、28之间的每个凹口22内。该弹簧24a、24b具有刚性,其被选择以实质上抑制在轻量负载条件下由环形部件14或与该环形部件14的齿16相啮合的齿轮的偏心率所导致的扭转振动和噪声。该弹簧24a、24b也提供对于由外部干扰导致的任何齿-齿碰撞的消除。
在轻量负载条件下,当泵在极限压力下工作时,在部件12、14之间的转矩传送通过在每个凹口22内提供的弹簧24a、24b之一。这提供了调节任意齿轮偏心率所需的弹性程度。
在该泵用于更高负载的情况下,需要固体驱动以避免破坏该驱动和被驱动轴之间的相位关系,一旦该弹簧的角偏转达到大于预定驱动转矩的特定值时,该弹簧在相对径向表面26、28之间变平。这提供了在径向表面26、28之间必要的固体驱动。
虽然在本实施例中,使用板簧来控制扭转刚性,但是也可以使用成切线安装的盘簧或螺旋弹簧来代替。可选地,可以使用排斥磁体,其中所得到的扭转刚性与该磁通量成比例。在一些应用中,使用粘弹性材料是合适的。

Claims (18)

1.一种齿轮传动装置,用于将转矩从一个轴传送到另一个轴,该齿轮传动装置包括两个安装在各个轴上的相互啮合的齿轮,齿轮之一包括用于接收一个轴的毂部件,安装用于随着该毂部件旋转的锯齿环形部件,和在该毂部件和环形部件之间提供的装置,该装置具有能够减少在该齿轮旋转期间由至少一个齿轮的偏心率所导致的扭转振动和噪声的刚性。
2.如权利要求1所述的齿轮传动装置,其中该用于减少扭转振动和噪声的装置包括用于增加该齿轮的临界偏心率的装置。
3.如前任何一个权利要求所述的齿轮传动装置,其中该用于减少扭转振动和噪声的装置包括位于该毂部件和环形部件之间的弹性联轴器。
4.如前任何一个权利要求所述的齿轮传动装置,其中该用于减少扭转振动和噪声的装置被设置在该毂部件的径向表面和该环形部件的相对径向表面之间。
5.如前任何一个权利要求所述的齿轮传动装置,其中该用于减少扭转振动和噪声的装置被设置在用于在该毂部件和环形部件之间传送转矩的驱动结构内。
6.如权利要求5所述的齿轮传动装置,其中该毂部件和环形部件之一包括用于接收该毂部件和环形部件中的另一个的制动器的凹口,以便在该毂部件和环形部件之间传送转矩,该用于减少扭转振动和噪声的装置被设置在该凹口和制动器的相对表面之间。
7.如权利要求6所述的齿轮传动装置,其中所述毂部件和环形部件之一包括多个所述凹口,每个凹口用于接收该毂部件和环形部件中的另一个的各个制动器,该用于减少扭转振动和噪声的装置被设置在每个凹口和制动器的相对面之间。
8.如前任何一个权利要求所述的齿轮传动装置,其中该用于抑制扭转振动和噪声的装置包括设置在该毂部件和环形部件的相对面之间的至少一个弹性部件。
9.如权利要求8所述的齿轮传动装置,其中该用于抑制扭转振动和噪声的装置包括多个弹性部件,每个被设置在该毂部件和环形部件的各个相对面之间。
10.如权利要求9所述的齿轮传动装置,其中每个弹性部件包括用于提供扭转阻力的弹簧。
11.如权利要求9所述的齿轮传动装置,其中每个弹性部件包括多个用于提供扭转阻力的弹簧。
12.如权利要求9所述的齿轮传动装置,其中每个弹性部件包括粘弹性部件。
13.如权利要求1-7中任何一个所述的齿轮传动装置,其中该用于减少扭转振动和噪声的装置包括在该毂部件和环形部件的相对面上提供的互相排斥的磁体。
14.如前任何一个权利要求所述的齿轮传动装置,其中该用于减少扭转振动和噪声的装置被布置成保持该轴之间的相位关系。
15.如权利要求14所述的齿轮传动装置,其中该用于减少扭转振动和噪声的装置被布置成允许在该毂部件和环形部件之间形成高于预定驱动转矩的固体驱动。
16.一种真空泵,包括由如前所述任何一个权利要求所述的齿轮传动装置连接在一起的至少两个轴。
17.一种用于将转矩从一个轴传送到另一个轴的齿轮,该齿轮包括用于接收一个轴的毂部件,安装用于随着该毂部件旋转的锯齿环形部件,和在该毂部件和环形部件之间提供的装置,该装置具有能够减少在使用期间由该环形部件的偏心率所导致的扭转振动和噪声的刚性。
18.在齿轮传动装置的齿轮中至少一个弹簧的用途,以减少在该齿轮旋转期间由至少一个齿轮的偏心率所导致的扭转振动和噪声。
CNA2005800097222A 2004-03-26 2005-03-22 齿轮传动装置 Pending CN1938530A (zh)

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EP1728009A1 (en) 2006-12-06
WO2005093293A1 (en) 2005-10-06
ATE400750T1 (de) 2008-07-15
GB0406887D0 (en) 2004-04-28
EP1728009B1 (en) 2008-07-09
DE602005008024D1 (de) 2008-08-21
JP2007530883A (ja) 2007-11-01
TW200537028A (en) 2005-11-16
US20090114047A1 (en) 2009-05-07

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