CN1934389A - 散发活性成分的led灯泡 - Google Patents

散发活性成分的led灯泡 Download PDF

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CN1934389A
CN1934389A CNA2005800090007A CN200580009000A CN1934389A CN 1934389 A CN1934389 A CN 1934389A CN A2005800090007 A CNA2005800090007 A CN A2005800090007A CN 200580009000 A CN200580009000 A CN 200580009000A CN 1934389 A CN1934389 A CN 1934389A
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bulb
active component
led
housing
light
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杰弗里·J·沃尔夫
乔斯·波尔奇亚
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SC Johnson and Son Inc
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Abstract

灯泡(10)包括半透明壳体(12)和基座(24)。壳体(12)包括安置的多个LED(14a、14b、14c和15)，以便通过壳体(12)发光。基座(24)被配置成与灯座相配。基座(24)还包括用于容纳并固定可更换的活性成分盒(22)的隔室(23)，和当盒(22)被固定在隔室(23)中时用于从盒(22)发出活性成分的活性成分散发器(20)。荧光光源(30)也可被设置在壳体(12)中作为照明光源。

Description

说明书 散发活性成分的LED灯泡
背景技术
创建舒适的气氛是家庭装饰的重要方面。这常通过舒适的香气和适当的照明来实现。常规产品比如有香气的蜡烛、气氛照明设备、香气散发器等通常被用于在家庭中创建舒适的环境。虽然在这些常规产品帮助创建舒适的生活环境和气氛，但它们具有其缺点。
例如，有香气的蜡烛产生柔光和香气，其产生舒适的气氛。但是，蜡烛是潜在的火灾隐患，并且经常产生有害的烟和滴蜡。
传统灯具和灯不提供用户常希望的色彩效果或香气。除了现有灯，独立的艺术设备可用于提供所希望的照明效果(比如色彩变换等)。但是，这种设备占据住宅的空间，并且会增加人们正试图避免的混乱。此外，因为这种独立设备通常被置于较高可视位置，所以它们需要被艺术地设计，以适合不同类型的买主的个人嗜好，并且需要附加的设计成本。
常规的香气散发器，比如插入式扩散器可以以相对廉价的紧凑包装提供舒适的香气。但是，这种常规的香气散发器通常占据电源插座，并且经常位于视线以外，从而导致用户忘记调节或填充该设备。虽然这些香气散发器也可提供照明，因为该设备被用于现有电源插座，但它们通常被置于较低位置，以至于除用作夜间照明灯外不能提供有效的照明特性。
发明内容
鉴于当前市场上的照明和香气设备的缺点，发明了一种设备，该设备提供了希望的照明和香气效果(或除香气之外散发其它活性成分)，而不会给房间增加混乱、不需要购买新的固定设备、不会占据额外的电源插座、不需要对单元本身进行艺术舒适性设计、不会引起与明火相关的火灾危险。更具体地说，本发明针对一种灯泡，该灯泡被配置成与灯座(例如常规白炽灯、卤素灯或荧光灯灯座)相配，并且提供与照明和香气有关的希望的环境效果。
在一个方面中，按照本发明的一种灯泡包括：半透明壳体；位于壳体内以便通过壳体发出光的多个LED；被配置成与灯座相配的基座；用于容纳并固定可更换的活性成分盒的隔室；和用于当盒被固定在隔室中时从盒中发出活性成分的散发器。
在另一方面中，按照本发明的一种灯泡包括：被配置成与用于容纳灯泡的灯座相配的基座；与基座连接的半透明壳体；包括壳体内与基座连接的至少两种不同颜色的LED的多个LED。活性成分散发器由基座支承，并且当活性成分被设置在其中时从灯泡散发活性成分。控制机构被设置，通过控制机构，灯泡可由用户控制，以改变由多个LED从壳体发出的光的至少一种颜色和活性成分的输出速率。
按照本发明的一种灯泡可提供通常与常规灯泡相关的白光，也可提供颜色选择、颜色变换效果和/或香气散发。此外，所有这些选项可被设置在一个可简单替换的灯泡中，即可被置于家中已有的现有灯中。灯泡可包括家中的小型荧光灯管，用于提供照明/白光。此外，该灯泡的彩色照明效果最好通过发光二极管(LED)来提供，所述LED的寿命长于常规灯泡，具有更高能效，并且不发出伴随例如白炽灯泡产生的较高程度的热量。随着这种热量的减少，会发现可以更有效并更经济地释放香气(或其它活性成分)，而不会过热或烧坏上述LED。此外，LED可被用于提供附加的或可选的白光的光源。
在优选实施例中，可通过设置在可更换地固定在/到灯泡的盒中的发出香气的油或发出香气的凝胶以提供所希望的香气散发，来提供本发明的香气散发方面。这使得用户能够在不同香气和/或更换空盒之间进行转换，而不必更换整个灯泡。此外，该灯泡可被编程，以使用户可改变照明选项(例如改变亮度或颜色或激活彩色显示)和/或香气散发速率。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的具有螺纹拧入式基座的灯泡的横截面图。
图2是根据本发明的具有螺纹拧入式基座的另一灯泡的横截面图。
图3是根据本发明的灯泡的功能单元的示意图。
图4是根据本发明的灯泡的控制机构的电路图。
图5是根据本发明的操作灯泡的程序的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出拧入式灯泡10。虽然本发明可被体现为与多个照明固定设备(例如用于容纳白炽灯、卤素灯或荧光灯的常规固定设备)的任意一个相配的灯泡，但为了例证目的，这里提供的描述参照爱迪生(Edison)型拧入式灯泡，该灯泡与具有螺纹凹形插口的常规白炽灯插座相配。当然，本发明可被体现为与灯座/电源相配的任何灯泡。
灯泡10包括安装在基座24上的半透明壳体12。与基座24的底部连接的是螺纹凸形拧入式连接体28，该连接体28被配置为与常规灯或其它照明固定设备的螺纹凹形插座相配。当连接体28与这样的插座相配时，AC电从灯或照明固定设备被提供给灯泡10。
电力被提供给LED板(光阵列)16，在LED板上安装LED 14a(红色)、14b(绿色)、14c(蓝色)和15(白色)。这些LED可以以多种组合的任何一种工作，从而向用户提供特定颜色的光、颜色显示或满意的图案。例如，LED可按照国际公开No.WO2005/003625中描述的工作，其以参照的形式被包含在这里。壳体12可作为光散射器，以使用户觉察到预期的颜色，而不是不同颜色的不同LED的激活。或者，在壳体12内部可设置分离的散射器。散射器工作以组合来自不同LED的光从而形成单一颜色，颜色的感知由单个颜色LED的相对亮度来决定。在其它实施例中，为了使用户能够同时觉察不同LED的多种颜色，可根本不使用散射器。此外，当昆虫控制是个问题时，利用该方面常规已知照明技术，照明效果可被编程以吸引或驱散昆虫。
最好白色LED 15为灯泡10提供照明的主光源。或者(或另外)，当红色、绿色和蓝色LED 14a-14c的各自波长被散射器等混合时，红色、绿色和蓝色LED 14a-14c可被配置为组合产生白光。也可使用常规光源，比如卤素灯或荧光灯，来代替(或除了)白色和/或彩色LED作为主光源。在图1所示的实施例中，在壳体12中小型荧光灯管30被连接到基座24上，提供照明的附加光源。因此，当使用荧光灯管30时，可省略白色LED 15。
此外，最好向香气散发器20供电，在本实施例中，该香气散发器20包含加热器18。但是，应当注意，可使用多种香气散发器的任何一种。为了例证目的，我们就热辅助蒸发设备来论述本发明，在热辅助蒸发设备中，应用加热来增加包含活性成分的芳香油、凝胶(gel)等的蒸发速率。在其它实施例中，可代以风扇辅助蒸发设备、压电激励雾化设备和/或独力(unassisted)香气散发器。独力香气散发器可简单只包括将香气暴露于周围环境的通风机构，或者包括增强/提供通过香气释放介质的对流气流的其它这样的设计。当然，如果使用独力香气散发器，不用向香气散发器供电。这些可选设备在本领域是公知的，这里不详细描述。此外，除了香气，也可使用其它活性成分，比如空气消毒剂和昆虫控制剂(例如杀虫剂或昆虫引诱剂)。
加热器18最好包括金属氧化物电阻器或封装在陶瓷块中的线绕电阻器。当然，其它加热设备也可被用于加热器18，比如PTC(正温度系数)加热器、线圈电阻加热器、印刷电路、蚀刻箔加热设备等。当加热器18使用时产生热，用于加热保存在香气盒22中的液体或凝胶制剂的活性成分。这种热辅助蒸发设备的配置在本领域是公知的，这里不被详细描述。然而，通常，盒22包含其蒸发速率随着加热而增加的制剂/活性成分，从而使得蒸发速率(因此，效力)能够随着热量被改变而被控制。
最好提供隔室23以容纳香气盒22，在本实施例中香气盒22是可更换的。可使用多种已知安装机构的任何一种来可拆装地将盒22固定到隔室23中，但最好盒滑进隔室23中，以使在其中变为楔形，或者利用突起和凹陷匹配的系统咬合到位置中。这使得用户能够容易地移除并更换用尽的盒，比如含有芳香油的贮液器，其中利用或不用多孔芯芳香油从贮液器扩散到周围环境，或凝胶盒，当其被安装时，将浸有香料的凝胶暴露于周围环境。
开关26被设置在基座24上，开关26使得用户能够控制灯泡10的操作。尽管为了例证目的在这里示出一个开关，但可使用多种用户接口的任何一种，使得用户可调节灯泡10的设置。这样的调节可包括改变从LED 14a-14c和15发出的光的颜色、调节LED的亮度、在白光、彩色光和结束设置之间进行转换、调节香气的蒸发速率(例如，当使用热辅助设备时通过调节加热程度)、和/或设置可被存储在存储器中并由处理器(如下面将更详细描述的)操作的用于灯光显示或香气散发变化的预定程序。在优选实施例中，用户接口为可被切换的按钮或开关，以在不同的预定设置之间改变灯泡10的操作。在其它实施例中，可设置一个以上按钮或开关，以提供用户的增强控制。例如，在国际公开No.WO2005/003625中描述了一些合适的用户接口。
图2示出本发明的另一实施例，其中隔室23和加热器18的排列被改变。剩余部件与图1中所示的部件一样，将不重复对其的描述。
图3示出优选灯泡10的功能单元的表示。微控制器99为可编程控制器，其产生输出信号以控制从光阵列16的LED的光的发出和从香气散发器20发出的香气量。或者，可由用户机械地设置一个或多个控制部件，而不用微处理器的辅助。这种基本控制是本领域的普通技术人员容易理解的。但是，微控制器99最好根据存储在存储器98中的一个或多个程序产生并输出操作这些设备的信号。信号可为电压、编码脉冲或其它信号的形式，其控制部件的操作。程序可被预置在存储器98中，并且随后由用户通过用户接口(例如开关26)选择并激活。或者，开关26可在不参考存储的程序的情况下设置照明状态。微控制器99的操作也可根据来自传感器S的信号被激活以产生显示。传感器S可包括例如运动传感器、声音传感器、定时传感器、红外传感器、电源监视传感器等。如果电源监视传感器被使用，那么当灯座或其中容纳灯泡的灯的电源开关被切换时(例如，一次切换激活荧光灯光源30，连续两次切换激活LED阵列等)，微控制器99可被配置为激活和/或改变光的显示和/或香气。灯泡10也可包括定时机构T。定时机构T可为振荡器、晶体、常规时钟等。定时机构T可按照来自存储器98的程序控制微控制器99的操作。另外，定时机构T可被用于按用户编程控制灯光显示的长度和/或由存储器98中程序设置的香气。
控制机构
如上所述，用于发出光和香气的部件可被配置成以多种方式的任意一种相互配合地工作。下面提供的是用于配置及控制本发明以发出光和香气的优选实施例。然而，这些仅是优选实施例，许多其它配置也是可以的。
图4示出用于操作灯泡10的一种控制配置的电路图，其产生配合的/组合的光显示和香气。微控制器(或ASIC)400控制灯泡10的操作。电力通过灯(AC电源660)被提供给系统499。电压变换设备610将来自AC电源660的AC电压变换为DC电压。微处理器400从电压变换设备610接收电力，并且利用接收的电力控制系统499的操作。
微控制器400包括控制逻辑440，该控制逻辑440根据输入信号或内部程序向灯泡10的各个部件提供操作指令。控制逻辑440变换接收的信号或运行内部软件例程，以设置LED阵列14a-c和/或用作加热器的电阻器R1的香气控制系统650(例如香气散发器20)的操作。
控制逻辑440将控制LED阵列的操作的信号发送到LED控制块410。当利用脉冲宽度调制来驱动及控制LED阵列时，LED控制块410根据来自控制逻辑440的指令设置LED的工作周期(duty cycle)。
馈电线412a-412c从电源404将电压提供到电阻器414a-414c上。提供的电阻器414a-414c上的电压最好在大约3.5伏和大约5.0伏之间。电阻器414a-414c依次分别给红色LED 14a、绿色LED 14b和蓝色LED 14c供电。场效应晶体管(FET)418a-418c根据由LED控制块410产生的各自的工作周期被接通和断开。对于由LED控制块410设置的工作周期部分，FET 418a-418c的操作控制LED 14a-14c被激活。从而，从LED 14a-14c发出的光的亮度和颜色可被改变，以产生希望的效果。通常，脉冲宽度调制用于控制恒定电流被施加到给定二极管一个工作周期的设定时间段，从而控制在整个工作周期施加到LED的总电流。因此，二极管在每个工作周期的设定部分闪亮，并且在工作周期的剩余部分熄灭。当然，闪亮和熄灭操作非常块(典型工作周期在几毫秒范围内)，以至于二极管的亮度据观测者看来是恒定的(具有不易辨别的闪烁)，直到对该工作周期的设定激活时间段被改变为止。
通过改变施加到每个二极管的电流，可改变从灯泡10的壳体发出的光的亮度和精确颜色。当LED发出的光被散射以形成一种可看到的颜色时，LED操作的不同组合将改变看到的颜色。
虽然就本实施例来说示出了三个LED，但可使用任何数量的LED。另外，可通过设计偏好来规定提供哪种颜色LED的选择。
当使用三种颜色的LED时，典型优选红色、绿色和蓝色LED的混合。通常，每种颜色LED的一个与每种其它颜色LED的一个极邻近地被设置。利用这种排列，三种不同颜色的组的每个二极管的精确颜色可被调节以生成混合色，例如淡黄色或紫色。通过这样邻近地设置三个二极管可实现这种混合，观测者仅看到混合颜色的光，而不是每个单独二极管的光。或者，另外，可设置散射器来散射三个二极管的光，从而产生组合颜色。在其它实施例中，光可在被观测者看到之前就被投射到要被组合的表面。当LED不相互邻近放置，或散射不充分时，在灯泡10可看到多种颜色。这是设计偏好的问题。
从照明设备制造商容易得到宽系列颜色的LED。此外，实现希望显示的LED的排列和操作对每个普通技术人员是显而易见的。
白色LED 15和/或荧光灯30也可与控制块410相连，或者可通过独立的装置被控制，因为白色LED(或其它常规白光源)通常不是点亮就是熄灭，不必进行同样的范围的控制(除非使用调光器等)。但是，这种修改对本领域的普通技术人员来说是容易理解的。
微处理器400也可向香气控制系统650发送控制信号，如图4中所示。在本实施例中，受控制的香气散发器为蒸发型散发器。电阻器R1被通过电阻器R1的电流加热。通常，靠近含有香气的凝胶或油被暴露于空气的区域安装电阻器R1，并且来自电阻器R1的热量导致香气将被蒸发。开关SCR1改变通过电阻器R1的电流，从而改变电阻器R1产生的热量和香气蒸发的速率。在备选实施例中，电阻器R1可由被开关SCR1控制的风扇或由雾化设备来替代和/或补充。在其它实施例中，开关SCR1也可由FET替代。此外，香气散发器也可由用户机械地调节，而不是通过微处理器调节。
微处理器400也可控制用尽提示部件420。用尽提示部件420跟踪香气控制的使用，以估计香气散发器中的香气可能要被用尽的时间。当用尽提示部件420确定香气已被用尽时，用尽提示部件420向LED控制块410发送信号，从而使得LED以图案、颜色或其它方式点亮，以向用户指示到再填充或更换香气散发器中的香料的时间了。
控制逻辑440可以以任意多种方式被编程/被控制。在一个实施例中，RF无线收发器448通过天线449从遥控设备接收外部信号。该信号从RF无线收发器448被传送给控制逻辑440，以通过LED控制块410和香气控制650设置灯光的显示。此外，控制逻辑的操作也可通过内部程序设置。
或者，用户可手动设置香气输出和灯光显示。在这种情况下，可由用户操作程序选择开关26来设置LED 14a-14c的灯光显示程序。在本实施例中，还设置了开关27来控制要被散发的香气程度。当然，取决于所希望的控制和编程的程度，也可设置附加的按钮或开关。特别是，可设置开关来控制是希望手动还是自动操作/编程。
图5示出操作图4中所示的控制系统的程序。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，也可实现多种不同的其它程序，以对灯光和香气的协调呈现产生希望的控制。
在步骤S1，程序开始设备的操作。在步骤S2，确定微控制器400的操作是要由用户手动设置还是利用特定程序自动设置。如果选择手动操作，则程序进到步骤S3。在步骤S3，选中(check)开关27的设定，以设置操作加热器18的级别。例如，在第一开关设定中，加热器18以第一温度被操作，而其它温度可通过其它设定被设置。在步骤S4，选中开关26的操作。系统被设置使得取决于用户切换开关26多少次不同预编程的灯光显示被选择。取决于开关26的切换，步骤S5从终止设定、不同的灯光显示、频闪设定、发出红色光、发出紫色光、发出蓝色光、发出淡黄色光和发出白光中设置灯光显示。
如果在步骤S2中设置自动模式，则程序进到步骤S6，其中缺省设定被提供用于操作。该自动设定可通过来自设置在存储器中的程序、传感器读数、遥控设备、电源(例如通过切换控制其中放置灯泡10的灯的照明开关)等的信息被设置。
这些附图仅示出根据本发明的用于配置和控制设备的可能排列。在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可构成许多不同的实施例。应当理解，本发明不限于本说明书描述的特定实施例。相反，本发明意图覆盖包括在本发明的精神和范围内的各种修改和等同配置，如权利要求所定义的。权利要求的范围将被给予最宽的解释，以便包含所有这样的修改、等同结构和功能。
工业适用性
本发明使得可以通过从灯泡提供气氛照明和活性成分散发，实现全部所希望的效果。

Claims (20)

1、一种灯泡，包括：
半透明壳体；
多个LED，位于壳体内以便通过壳体发出光；
基座，被配置成与用于容纳灯泡的灯座相配，所述壳体和LED被安装在基座上；
活性成分散发器，由基座支承，所述活性成分散发器具有用于容纳并固定可更换的活性成分盒的隔室，当所述盒被固定在隔室中时，活性成分散发器能够从所述盒中发出活性成分。
2、按照权利要求1所述的灯泡，其中，多个LED包括不同颜色的LED。
3、按照权利要求2所述的灯泡，还包括用于改变由多个LED通过壳体发出的光的颜色的控制器。
4、按照权利要求2所述的灯泡，还包括根据用户的输入控制多个LED发出不同颜色光的微处理器。
5、按照权利要求4所述的灯泡，还包括存储用于操作微处理器以产生不同预定照明效果的程序的存储器。
6、按照权利要求5所述的灯泡，其中，至少一种照明效果包括随时间自动改变从壳体发出的光的颜色。
7、按照权利要求5所述的灯泡，还包括接口，用户操作所述接口以在存储在存储器中的不同程序之间进行转换。
8、按照权利要求1所述的灯泡，其中，隔室被配置成容纳其中活性成分被浸入凝胶的盒。
9、按照权利要求1所述的灯泡，其中，隔室被配置成容纳成形为保持含有活性成分的油的贮液器的盒。
10、按照权利要求1所述的灯泡，其中，散发器为加热器，该加热器加热活性成分以促进活性成分的蒸发。
11、按照权利要求1所述的灯泡，其中，散发器包含多个孔，当所述盒被安装在散发器中时，所述孔便于气流通过所述盒。
12、按照权利要求2所述的灯泡，其中，壳体包含光散射器。
13、按照权利要求1所述的灯泡，其中，基座具有与螺纹灯座相配的螺纹连接体。
14、按照权利要求1所述的灯泡，其中，基座被配置成与用于容纳白炽灯泡、卤素灯泡或荧光灯泡之一的灯座相配。
15、按照权利要求1所述的灯泡，其中，活性成分盒中的活性成分为香料。
16、按照权利要求1所述的灯泡，其中，活性成分盒中的活性成分从由消毒剂、杀虫剂和驱虫剂构成的组中被选择。
17、按照权利要求1所述的灯泡，还包括位于半透明壳体中的荧光光源。
18、一种灯泡，包括
基座，被配置成与用于容纳灯泡的灯座相配；
与基座连接的半透明壳体；
多个LED，包括壳体内与基座连接的至少两种不同颜色的LED；
由基座支承的活性成分散发器，当活性成分被设置所述活性成分散发器在时，所述活性成分散发器从灯泡散发活性成分；以及
控制机构，通过控制机构，灯泡可由用户控制，以改变由多个LED从壳体发出的光的至少一种颜色和活性成分的输出速率。
19、按照权利要求18所述的灯泡，还包括壳体内与基座连接的荧光光源。
20、按照权利要求19所述的灯泡，还包括：
控制机构，具有控制荧光光源以产生基本上白光的第一设定，和控制多个LED以产生彩色光的第二设定；以及
用户接口，通过用户接口，用户可使控制机构在第一设定和第二设定之间进行转换。
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