CN1918837B - 偏振复用信号的光传输方法 - Google Patents

偏振复用信号的光传输方法 Download PDF

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CN1918837B
CN1918837B CN2005800041301A CN200580004130A CN1918837B CN 1918837 B CN1918837 B CN 1918837B CN 2005800041301 A CN2005800041301 A CN 2005800041301A CN 200580004130 A CN200580004130 A CN 200580004130A CN 1918837 B CN1918837 B CN 1918837B
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polarisation
polarization
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CN1918837A (zh
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N·赫克
D·范登伯尔纳
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Xiaoyang Network Co., Ltd.
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Nokia Siemens Networks GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/06—Polarisation multiplex systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G02B6/2706—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means as bulk elements, i.e. free space arrangements external to a light guide, e.g. polarising beam splitters
    • G02B6/2713—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means as bulk elements, i.e. free space arrangements external to a light guide, e.g. polarising beam splitters cascade of polarisation selective or adjusting operations
    • G02B6/272—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means as bulk elements, i.e. free space arrangements external to a light guide, e.g. polarising beam splitters cascade of polarisation selective or adjusting operations comprising polarisation means for beam splitting and combining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/29392—Controlling dispersion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/08—Time-division multiplex systems

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Abstract

偏振复用信号(PMS)具有两个相互正交偏振的数据信号(0S1，OS2)。所述数据信号的载波信号(CW1，CW2；CWX，CWY)从相同的源导出并因此具有相同波长。如此调整或调节所述载波信号(CW1，CW2；CWX，CWY)之间的相差，使得其为90°。通过所述载波信号(CW1，CW2；CWX，CWY)的这种相差大大降低了相对于偏振模式色散的干扰敏感性。

Description

偏振复用信号的光传输方法
本发明涉及偏振复用信号的光传输的一种改善方法。
在偏振复用工作方式中，两个光数据信号在正交极化的情况下具有相同的波长，在这种工作方式中传输数据是一种用于加倍传输容量的十分有前途的方法，而不必对传输链路或信噪比提出较高的要求。
但偏振复用方法的缺点在于相对于偏振模式色散(PMD)的敏感性，其导致传输信道的相互干扰。PMD影响可以通过PMD补偿措施来降低。但需要对波长复用系统的每个信道进行补偿；同时该补偿是耗费的，且并不总是提供所希望的结果。使用PMD优化的光纤同样可以带来改善，但这种使用仅在新的网络中才是可能的。
因此寻求新的可能性，使得在传输偏振复用信号时降低PMD干扰敏感性，并由此降低光数据信号的相互干扰。
该任务通过权利要求1所述的方法得以解决。
所述方法的有利改进在从属权利要求中被给出。
所述方法可以简单地被实现。两个光数据信号(偏振复用信道)的由同一激光器导出的载波信号在其相位方面相互被偏移恒定的90°。因此两个载波信号显然也恰好具有相同的频率，而且它们的相差在传输期间保持恒定。发射方的相位调整可以通过不同的元件、例如调相器和延迟节来进行。
采用相位调节也是有利的，该相位调节与周围环境和器件容差无关地导致载波信号之间的恒定相差。
借助实施例来详细讲述本发明。
图1示出了发射装置的原理电路图，
图2示出了相位调节的原理电路图，
图3示出了用于测量相差的装置，
图4示出了用于测量相差的另一装置，以及
图5示出了用于通过计算正交信号分量来测量相差的装置。
图1描绘出发射装置的原理电路图。所述方法可以通过任意变化的装置来实现。通常由激光器产生的光信号CW(恒定波)通过输入端1被输入到偏振分离器2，所述偏振分离器将该光信号划分成幅值相等但偏振面相差90°的两个正交载波信号CWX和CWY(箭头表示相应的偏振)。第一正交载波信号CWX通过第一光纤3被输入第一调制器5，在那里利用第一数据信号DS1进行强度调制。第二正交载波信号CWY通过第二光纤4和移相器6被输入第二调制器7，在那里利用第二数据信号DS2进行强度调制。在所述调制器的输出端上输出的、相互正交极化且其载波信号移相90°的光数据信号OS1和OS2在偏振组合器8内被合并成一个偏振复用信号PMS，并在输出端9上被输出。在载波信号之间的相移和偏振的调节同样可以在调制器之后进行。
图2示出了这样一种变型，其中载波信号CW首先在功率分离器13内被划分为相同的分量CW1和CW2，其作为载波信号分别利用数据信号DS1或DS2被调制。转换为正交光数据信号OS1和OS2通过两个偏振调节器14和15来实现，所述偏振调节器被置于偏振组合器8之前，于是显然也把载波信号CW1和CW2转换成正交载波信号CWX和CWY。
载波信号CW1和CW2之间的相移通过被调节的移相器10(调相器、延迟节)来产生，其中所述移相器10由调节装置11控制。调节装置11通过测量分离器12获得一个与偏振复用信号PMS相应的较低功率测量信号MS，并监视在正交数据信号OS1和OS2的载波之间的相移。调节装置的时间常数被选择得非常大，使得被调节的移相器10实际上具有一个恒定值。移相器10同样可以被连接在偏振调节器15之后。于是，载波信号的相移可以通过调节载波信号CWX和CWY或CW1和CW2或正交数据信号OS1和OS2来实现。
当两个偏振复用信道同时传输一个信号时，例如当两个信号对应于逻辑1时，总可以在无需大的耗费的情况下获得载波相位的调节判据。
图3示出了用于获得调节判据的调节装置的原理电路图。测量原理是基于，“偏振状态”取决于两个偏振信号OS1和OS2之间的相位，并由此可以通过测量偏振状态再次求出相差。只需要测量圆形的偏振分量。为测量它，象偏振复用信号那样具有某种偏振的测试信号被划分为两个子信号，其中一个通过λ/4板和45°偏振器(偏振滤光器)传送。当载波信号恰好为90°相移时，两个子信号OA和OB的幅值具有相同的大小。光学子信号OA和OB通过光电二极管18和19被转换为电学子信号EA和EB，并被输入控制器20，该控制器测量幅值差并相应地调节所述载波信号的相差。
图4示出了通过采用所谓的DGD元件(差分群时延元件)-例如产生偏振的光纤或双折射晶体-来确定相差的另一种可能性，其撤销载波信号的90°相移，使得其叠加在输出信号RTS中产生最大功率(或在相反的相移情况下产生最小功率)。正交信号OS1和OS2的偏振面应该相对于DGD元件的主轴为45°。在光叠加信号OTS在光电二极管22中被转换成电叠加信号ETS之后，测定调节装置23中的有效功率并将其调节到最大值(或最小值)。
图5示出了可以被用来调节相位的另一装置。前提条件还是：偏振复用信号PMS或相应的测试信号MS具有某种偏振，而这在发射机中无论如何都是这种情况。偏振复用信号或测试信号在此具有两个(至少近似)正交的信号OS1和OS2，其相对于偏振分离器24的偏振面以+45°和-45°被极化。表示两个正交信号OS1和OS2的测试信号MS通过偏振分离器24被分解成两个偏振的信号分量OSX和OSY，它们由此分别包含有两个正交信号OS1和OS2的信号分量。信号分量OSX和OSY被单独地在光电二极管18和19中被转换为电信号分量EX和EY。只有在正交信号OS1和OS2之间某种相位的情况下，两个信号分量MSX和MSY才大小相等。相应的判据EA-EB可以被用来进行调节。调节的敏感性可以通过调节装置25内的特殊信号处理、例如通过信号分量的乘法来提高。

Claims (5)

1.偏振复用信号(PMS)的光传输方法，所述偏振复用信号具有两个正交的数据信号(OS1，OS2)，所述数据信号的载波信号(CW1，CW2；CWX，CWY)具有相同波长并分别通过第一数据信号和第二数据信号被调制，其特征在于，所述载波信号(CW1，CW2；CWX，CWY)相互相移为90°，
其中，所述载波信号(CW1，CW2；CWX，CWY)之间的相差被调节；
其中，为获得用于调节相位的判据，测量所述偏振复用信号(PMS)的圆形偏振分量并由此得到一个调节信号(RS)；
其中，从所述偏振复用信号(PMS)分支的测试信号(MS)被划分为两个相同的信号分量，其中一个信号分量被直接转换为第一电学子信号(EA)，另一个信号分量首先通过一个与所述载波信号(CW1，CW2；CWX，CWY)的波长相协调的λ/4板(16)和一个偏振滤光器(17)被输送，然后被转换为第二电学子信号(EB)，
所述两个信号分量被相互比较并由此得到所述调节信号(RS)，以及
所述载波信号(CW1，CW2；CWX，CWY)之间的相位被如此改变，使得所述电学子信号(EA，EB)具有相同的幅值。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，为获得用于调节相位的判据，从所述偏振复用信号(PMS)分支的测试信号(MS)被输入到一个与所述载波信号(CW1，CW2；CWX，CWY)的波长相协调的DGD元件(21)，
所述DGD元件(21)的输出信号被转换为电信号(ETS)，测量该电信号并由此得出调节信号(RS)，以及
所述载波信号(CW1，CW2；CWX，CWY)之间的相位被如此改变，使得所述DGD元件(21)的输出信号达到极值。
3.按照权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述正交的数据信号(OS1，OS2)的偏振面相对于所述DGD元件的主轴具有±45°角。
4.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，为获得用于调节相位的判据，从所述偏振复用信号(PMS)分支的测试信号(MS)被划分为两个相互正交的信号分量，
所述正交的信号分量被转换为电信号分量(EX，EY)，以及
从所述电信号分量(EX，EY)的幅值获得所述调节信号(RS)。
5.按照权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述正交的数据信号(OS1，OS2)的偏振面被调整为相对于偏振分离器(24)的偏振面成±45°，以及
所述载波信号(CW1，CW2；CWX，CWY)之间的相位被如此改变，使得所述电信号分量(EX，EY)的幅值具有相同的值。
CN2005800041301A 2004-02-05 2005-01-27 偏振复用信号的光传输方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1918837B (zh)

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PCT/EP2005/050353 WO2005076509A1 (de) 2004-02-05 2005-01-27 Verfahren zur optischen übertragung eines polarisations-multiplexsignals

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