CN1910227B - 从聚合物添加剂生产低粉尘微粒料的方法 - Google Patents
从聚合物添加剂生产低粉尘微粒料的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1910227B CN1910227B CN2005800030631A CN200580003063A CN1910227B CN 1910227 B CN1910227 B CN 1910227B CN 2005800030631 A CN2005800030631 A CN 2005800030631A CN 200580003063 A CN200580003063 A CN 200580003063A CN 1910227 B CN1910227 B CN 1910227B
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- Prior art keywords
- butyl
- phenyl
- granules
- alkyl
- hydroxyl
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 54
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
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- FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotriazine Chemical compound C1NNNC=C1 FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 235000019580 granularity Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
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- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound OP(O)OP(O)O ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)NN HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- GXFQBBOZTNQHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(NCCCCCCN)CC(C)(C)N1 GXFQBBOZTNQHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical class OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- GPOGLVDBOFRHDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-nonylphenyl) dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(O)O GPOGLVDBOFRHDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及生产聚合物添加剂或聚合物添加剂混合物的低粉尘粒料的技术上有利的方法。微粒料形成用聚合物添加剂被混合在一起,该混合物转化成可加工的物料和加压穿过开口。预成形的线条状挤出物料被冷却,并在仍然处于可加工的状态下通过辊压,压印,冷却和粉碎来形成为微粒料。
Description
本发明涉及从聚合物添加剂生产低粉尘微粒料的方法。
有机聚合物,尤其聚烯烃,一般需要添加添加剂,为的是促进加工和在尽可能长的时间中保持使用性能。对于有机聚合物有损害作用的因素,除光和热之外,还包括在制备过程中使用的催化剂的残留物。现有技术描述了许多类型的可以用作添加剂和稳定剂的物质。由于导致有机聚合物的降解的复杂过程(不是所有的过程都已经详细解释),所以通常使用多种添加剂的混合物。
通常,添加剂和添加剂混合物呈现粉末形式,这是不利的,众多不利中的例子包括粉尘形成,分离的倾向和计量问题。因此需要不与这些缺点相关的商业产品。已知方法的例子包括:附聚方法,例如在水相中,任选借助于分散剂;与粘结剂混合的方法;和使用压丸机的压缩。
在很多情况下所得商业产品形式具有一些缺点。它们常常含有水或粘结剂,它们引入到有机聚合物中是不利的。因此需要包括很少粘结剂或不包括粘结剂的具有良好使用性能的微粒状添加剂混合物。另外,微粒状添加剂混合物逐渐地需要满足相关的生态学标准,例如低粉尘的形成,通过省略粘结剂节约材料,等等。
US专利说明书5 240 642描述了生产微粒状形式的用于中和有机和无机酸的添加剂和四[3-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苯基)-丙酰氧基甲基]甲烷的方法。该方法是在最后提到的材料存在下在熔化状态下进行的,该材料均匀分布在酸中和剂的粉末状物料中,该物料被挤出,挤出的线材被冷却,和然后形成微粒料。然而,如此可获得的微粒料具有一些缺点,因为它们导致相当大量的粉尘。
欧洲专利申请No.719 824描述了生产低粉尘硬脂酸钙微粒料的方法,更具体地说该方法是通过加热硬脂酸钙或包括硬脂酸钙和其它聚合物添加剂的添加剂混合物,通过具有喷嘴或孔的板挤出,该喷嘴或孔的直径是1.0-10.0mm,和随后从仍然处于塑性状态中的所得挤出物直接形成微粒料(所谓的“热切粒”)。
该方法也具有一些缺点,因为为了挤出,产物物料的粘度必须通过加热或除去热量来调节到低值,使得产物物料在穿过孔时保持塑性。这对于倾向于硬化的添加剂混合物尤其是关键的。另一方面,高粘度是在微粒料形成过程中切割产物线条所需要的,为的是防止该产物物料粘附于切割设备。因此需要一种可以在与挤出分开的后续步骤中形成微粒料的改进方法。
本发明是以这样的一种方法为基础,其中对于挤出需要仅仅少数量的孔或仅仅一个孔,和该微粒料是在后续步骤中形成的。
根据本发明的方法的原理在于提供具有仅仅少量开口的挤出机,优选具有仅仅一个开口(孔口或槽缝)。排出的预成形塑性物料然后使用一对辊(压延机)被辊压到所需的微粒料厚度,沉积在冷却带上和进一步运输。在下面步骤中,微粒料尺寸通过使用成形辊被压印到所得糊料毡(paste mat)中。带的下侧被冷却,为的是使塑性物料硬化。在带的末端,压印的硬化的糊料毡进行预先压碎成为粗糙的碎片,后者然后在筛造粒机中破碎成独个的微粒料。
本发明涉及生产聚合物添加剂或聚合物添加剂混合物(共混物)的低粉尘微粒料的技术上有利的方法,其中该形成微粒料的聚合物添加剂被混合在一起,混合物被转化成可加工的物料并加压穿过开口,然后预成形的线条状挤出物料被冷却,并在仍然处于可加工的状态下的同时,通过辊压、压印、冷却和粉碎形成为微粒料。
能够根据这一方法生产的微粒料是均匀地成形的并且就它们的进一步加工突出表现出的优异技术性能,尤其是有利的松散材料性能,例如从1.0到10.0mm可调节的粒度,超过400g/l的疏松堆积密度,良好的流动性,例如从2到40秒的倾倒速度(根据DIN 53492,通过tR15和tR25的测量来得到,倾倒速度通过使用限定的出口孔,例如15和25mm,来测量),根据ISO 4324(DIN ISO 4324)的30-40°的倾倒材料的休止角,显著的耐磨损性和不含粉尘,例如在Heubach试验中非常低水平的粉尘,以及良好贮存稳定性。它们能够因此容易地被计量加入到待稳定的有机聚合物中。
在微粒料的生产中,低粉尘含量是重要标准,它根据所谓的Heubach试验法在与实践中的条件类似的试验装置中来测定,被试验材料保持运动以便测定以磨损引起的粉尘散放物为基础的粉尘形成的倾向。该试验装置是由Heubach Engineering,Langelsheim(DE)来制造的。在该试验中,试验材料(样品重量50g)在具有2.5升容量的粉尘产生系统中在30rpm(每分钟转数)(对应于约19厘米/秒的圆周速度)下运动5分钟,其中三个挡扳是以相对于壳体壁的45°角度在旋转方向上排列,而0.32升/秒的空气流将细粒组分沉积在过滤器上。以这一方式测定的精细颗粒含量优选不超过0.1%(重量)的值。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,作为微粒料形成用聚合物添加剂,将下式的酚聚合物添加剂混合在一起:
其中,彼此独立地,R1和R2中的一个是氢,选自基团C1-C18烷基,苯基,(C1-C4烷基)1-3苯基,苯基-C1-C3烷基,(C1-C4烷基)1-3苯基-C1-C3烷基,C5-C12环烷基和(C1-C4烷基)1-3C5-C12环烷基或以下部分通式的基团中的取代基
其中Ra是氢或选自基团C1-C4烷基,卤素和磺基中的取代基;
和另一个是选自C1-C18烷基,苯基,(C1-C4烷基)1-3苯基,苯基-C1-C3烷基,(C1-C4烷基)1-3苯基-C1-C3烷基,C5-C12环烷基和(C1-C4烷基)1-3C5-C12环烷基或部分通式(A)的基团中的取代基,其中Ra如以上所定义;
R3是氢或甲基;
m是数值零或1;和
n是1-4的整数;其中,
当n是数值1时,
m是零或1和Y表示一价取代基-O-Y1或-N(-Y2)2,其中
Y1是C5-C45烷基,被至少一个氧原子插入的C3-C45烷基,C5-C12环烷基,C2-C12链烯基,
以下部分通式的取代基
-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-C(=O)-Rb, (B),
其中Rb是氢,C1-C8烷基,C3-C5链烯基或苄基,
以下部分通式的取代基
-CH2-CH2-O-Rc (C),
其中Rc是氢,C1-C24烷基,C5-C12环烷基或苯基,
以下部分通式的取代基
-CH2-CH2-O-CHRd-CHRe-C(=O)-O-Rf (D),
其中Rd和Re中的一个是氢或甲基和另一个是甲基,和Rf是氢或C1-C24烷基,
以下部分通式的取代基
其中R1和R2如上所定义,
或以下部分通式的取代基
-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-C(=O)-O-Rg (F),
其中Rg是氢或C1-C24烷基;和
Y2是羟基-C2-C4烷基;或
当n是数值2时,
m是零和Y是以下部分通式的二价基团:
-O-CxH2x-O- (G),
其中x是2到20的整数,
-O-(CH2-CH2-O)y-CH2-CH2-O- (H),
其中y是1到30的整数,
-O-CH2-CH2-S-CH2-CH2-O- (I),
-O-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-O- (K)或
-NH-(CH2)z-NH- (L),
其中z是零或2到10的整数;或,
当n是数值3时,m是零和Y是以下部分通式的三价基团
其中Rh是C1-C24烷基或苯基,或
当n是数值4时,m是零和Y是以下部分通式的四价基团
在本发明的叙述中定义的各种链长度的烷基包括线性和可能的话支化的烃基,尤其C1-C9烷基,例如甲基,乙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,叔丁基,正戊基,新戊基,异戊基,正己基,2-乙基丁基,1-甲基戊基,1,3-二甲基丁基,正庚基,3-庚基,1-甲基己基,异庚基,正辛基,2-乙基己基,1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基,1-甲基庚基,正壬基或1,1,3-三甲基己基,还有C10-C45烷基,尤其直链C10-C45烷基,例如正癸基,正十二烷基,正-十四烷基,正十六烷基,正十八基,二十烷基,二十一烷基,二十二烷基或三十烷基,或支化C10-C22烷基,例如1,1,3-三甲基己基,1-甲基十一烷基,2-正丁基-正辛基,异十三烷基,2-正己基-正癸基或2-正辛基-正十二烷基,或它们的高级同系物。
(C1-C4烷基)1-3苯基是例如2-或4-甲苯基,2,5-或2,6-二甲基苯基,2,4,6-三甲苯基,2-或4-乙基苯基,2,4-或2,6-二乙基苯基,4-枯烯基,2-叔丁基-6-甲基苯基或2,6-双-叔丁基。
苯基-C1-C3烷基是例如在1-,2-或3-位上键接于C1-C3烷基上的苯基,例如2-苯基乙基,尤其苄基。
(C1-C4烷基)1-3苯基-C1-C3烷基是在1-,2-或3-位上键接于C1-C3烷基的以上定义的(C1-C4烷基)1-3苯基基团中的一个,例如2-叔丁基-6-甲基苄基或2,6-双-叔丁基苯基。
C5-C12环烷基例如是环戊基或环己基。
(C1-C4烷基)1-3C5-C12环烷基是被1-3个C1-C4烷基取代的以上定义的C5-C12环烷基中的一个,例如2-或4-甲基环己基,2,6-二甲基环己基,2,4,6-三甲基环己基或4-叔丁基环己基。
链烯基例如是乙烯基,烯丙基,2-丁烯基,甲基烯丙基,2-或3-己烯基,或3-或5-癸烯基。
另外,以上定义的部分通式(A)包括下列的位置异构体:
作为卤素的Ra是溴,碘或,尤其,氯。
在化合物(I)中,指数m是零或1。当m是零时,这定义了直接的键。
根据附加的实施方案,指数m和n是数值1。在该情况下Y是一价基团-O-Y1。此类化合物(I)对应于以下通式:
作为被至少一个-O-杂原子插入的C3-C45烷基的Y1包括上述C3-C45烷基,尤其2-甲氧基乙基,2-或3-甲氧基丙基,2-,3-或4-甲氧基-丁基,2-乙氧基乙基,2-或3-乙氧基丙基,2-,3-或4-乙氧基丁基,2-正-丙氧基乙基,2-或3-正-丙氧基丙基,2-,3-或4-正-丙氧基丁基,2-异丙氧基乙基,2-或3-异丙氧基丙基,2-,3-或4-异丙氧基丁基,2-正-丁氧基乙基,2-或3-正-丁氧基丙基,2-,3-或4-正-丁氧基丁基,2-叔-丁氧基乙基,2-或3-叔-丁氧基丙基,2-,3-或4-叔-丁氧基丁基和它们的高级同系物,尤其被甲氧基,乙氧基,正丙氧基,异丙氧基或叔丁氧基取代的线性C5-C18烷基。
在部分通式(A)的基团中的Rb优选是氢,烯丙基,甲基烯丙基或苄基。
在部分通式(C)的基团中的Rc优选是氢或C1-C4烷基。
作为羟基-C2-C4烷基的Y2优选是2-羟乙基。
尤其优选的一组化合物(I),其中m是零并限定直接的键和n是1,对应于以下通式:
在这些化合物中,R1和R2中的一个是甲基或叔丁基以及R1和R2中的另一个是叔丁基,Y1是直链或支化C10-C22烷基和Y2是2-羟乙基。
其它尤其优选的一组化合物(I),其中m是零并定义直接的键和n是1,对应于以下通式:
其中Ra是氢或氯和Y1是直链或支化C10-C22烷基。
根据优选的其它实施方案,作为微粒料形成用聚合物添加剂,将其中n是数值2和m是0的酚聚合物添加剂(I)混合在一起。Y表示选自下列基团中的二价取代基:
-O-CxH2x-O- (G),
其中x是2到20的整数,
-O-(CH2-CH2-O)y-CH2-CH2-O- (H),
其中y是1到30的整数,
-O-CH2-CH2-S-CH2-CH2-O- (I),
-O-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-O- (K);和
-NH-(CH2)z-NH- (L),
其中z是零或从2到10的整数。
优选的化合物对应于以下通式
其中R1是氢或叔丁基。
其它优选的实施方案涉及其中n是数值3,m是零和Y是以下三价基团的化合物(I)的制备
此类化合物对应于以下通式
其它优选的实施方案涉及其中n是数值4和m是零的化合物(I)的制备。此类化合物对应于以下通式
在本发明的其它优选实施方案中,作为微粒料形成用聚合物添加剂,将酚聚合物添加剂(I)混合在一起,其中:
R1和R2中的一个是甲基,叔丁基或基团(A),其中Ra是氢或氯,以及R1和R2中的另一个是叔丁基;
R3是氢;
m是零或数值1;和
n是1-4的整数;其中,当
n是数值1时,m是零或数值1和Y表示一价基团-O-Y1或-N(-Y2)2或
n是数值2,m是零和Y表示部分通式(D),(E),(F),(G)或(H)的二价基团;或
n是数值3,m是零和Y表示部分通式(K)或(L)的三价基团;或
n是数值4和m是零以及Y表示部分通式(M)的四价基团。
根据尤其优选实施方案,作为微粒料形成用聚合物添加剂,将下式的酚聚合物添加剂混合在一起:
其中,彼此独立地,R1和R2中的一个是氢或C1-C4烷基和另一个是C3-C4烷基;x是零(直接的键)或从1到3的整数;和Y是C8-C22烷氧基或以下部分通式的基团:
其中,彼此独立地,R1’和R2’中的一个是氢或C1-C4烷基和另一个是C3-C4烷基;x是零(直接的键)或从1到3的整数;y是从2到10的整数和z是从2到6的整数。
下面的其它聚合物添加剂能够与上述的微粒料形成用酚聚合物添加剂混合在一起形成所谓的共混物:
1. 抗氧化剂
1.1 烷基化一元酚类,例如,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚,2-丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚,2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基苯酚,2-(α,α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚,2,6-双十八烷基-4-甲基苯酚,2,4,6-三环己基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚;线性或支化的壬基苯酚类,例如2,6-二壬基-4-甲基苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1-甲基十一烷-1′-基)苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十七烷-1′-基)苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十三烷-1′-基)苯酚;以及它们的混合物。
1.2 烷基硫甲基酚类,例如2,4-二辛基硫甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚,2,4-二辛基硫甲基-6-甲基苯酚,2,4-二辛基硫甲基-6-乙基苯酚,2,6-双十二烷基硫甲基-4-壬基苯酚。
1.3 氢醌类和烷基化氢醌类,例如,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚,2,5-二叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二叔戊基氢醌,2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚,硬脂酸3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基酯,己二酸双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)酯。
1.4 生育酚,例如α-生育酚,β-生育酚,γ-生育酚,δ-生育酚和它们的混合物(维生素E)。
1.5 羟基化硫二苯基醚类,例如,2,2′-硫双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-硫双(4-辛基苯酚),4,4′-硫双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚),4,4′-硫双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚),4,4′-硫双(3,6-二仲戊基苯酚),4,4’-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)二硫醚。
1.6 亚烷基双酚类,例如,2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)苯酚],2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚乙基双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚],2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚],4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚),4,4′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚),1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚,1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,双[3,3-双(3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基苯基)丁酸]乙二醇酯,双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基-苯基)二环戊二烯,对苯二甲酸双[2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基]酯,1,1-双-(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)丁烷,2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷,2,2-双-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,1,1,5,5-四-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
1.7 O-,N-和S-苄基化合物类,例如3,5,3′,5′-四叔丁基-4,4′-二羟基二苄基醚,4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸十八烷基酯,4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基巯基乙酸十三烷基酯,三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)胺,二硫代对苯二甲酸双(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)酯,双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苄基)硫醚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸异辛基酯。
1.8 羟苄基化丙二酸酯类,例如,2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟基苄基)丙二酸二(十八烷基)酯,2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)丙二酸二(十八烷基)酯,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸二(十二烷基巯基乙基)酯,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]酯。
1.9 芳族羟苄基化合物类,例如1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯,1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯酚。
1.10 三嗪化合物类,例如2,4-双(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯,1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)-异氰脲酸酯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯。
1.11 苄基膦酸酯类,例如2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二甲酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二乙酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二(十八烷基)酯,5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基膦酸二(十八烷基)酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸的单乙酯的钙盐。
1.12 酰基氨基酚类,例如4-羟基月桂酰苯胺,4-羟基硬脂酰苯胺,N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸辛酯。
1.13 抗坏血酸(维生素C)
1.14 胺类抗氧化剂,例如N,N′-二异丙基-对-亚苯基二胺,N,N′-二仲丁基-对-亚苯基二胺,N,N′-双(1,4-二甲基戊基)-对-亚苯基二胺,N,N′-双(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)-对-亚苯基二胺,N,N’-双(1-甲基庚基)-对亚苯基二胺,N,N’-二环己基-对亚苯基二胺,N,N′-二苯基-对-亚苯基二胺,N,N′-双(2-萘基)-对-亚苯基二胺,N-异丙基-N′-苯基-对-亚苯基二胺,N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N′-苯基-对-亚苯基二胺,N-(1-甲基庚基)-N′-苯基-对-亚苯基二胺,N-环己基-N′-苯基-对-亚苯基二胺,4-(对甲苯磺酰氨基)二苯胺,N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二仲丁基-对亚苯基二胺,二苯胺,N-烯丙基二苯胺,4-异丙氧基二苯胺,N-苯基-1-萘基胺,N-(4-叔辛基苯基)-1-萘基胺,N-苯基-2-萘基胺,辛基化二苯胺(例如p,p′-二叔辛基二苯胺),4-正丁基氨基苯酚,4-丁酰氨基苯酚,4-壬酰氨基苯酚,4-十二酰氨基苯酚,4-十八酰氨基苯酚,双(4-甲氧基苯基)胺,2,6-二叔丁基-4-二甲氨基甲基苯酚,2,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷,4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷,N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷,1,2-双[(2-甲基苯基)氨基]乙烷,1,2-双(苯基氨基)丙烷,(邻甲苯基)双胍,双[4-(1′,3′-二甲基丁基)苯基]胺,叔辛基化N-苯基-1-萘基胺,单和二烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基二苯基胺类的混合物,单和二烷基化壬基二苯基胺类的混合物,单和二烷基化十二烷基二苯基胺类的混合物,单和二烷基化异丙基/异己基二苯基胺类的混合物,单和二烷基化叔丁基二苯基胺类的混合物,2,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪,吩噻嗪,单和二烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物,单和二烷基化叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物,N-烯丙基吩噻嗪,N,N,N′,N′-四苯基-1,4-二氨基丁-2-烯,N,N-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基)-六亚甲基二胺,双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯,2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-酮,2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-醇。
2. UV吸收剂和光稳定剂
2.1 2-(2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑类,例如2-(2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(5′-叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(2′-羟基-5′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-仲丁基-5′-叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(2′-羟基-4′-辛氧基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔戊基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-双-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)-羰基乙基]-2′-羟基苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基]-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-十二烷基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基苯并三唑,2,2′-亚甲基-双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并三唑-2-基苯酚];2-[3′-叔丁基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)-2′-羟基苯基]-2H-苯并三唑与聚乙二醇300的酯交换产物;
其中R=3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基-5′-2H-苯并三唑-2-基苯基,2-[2’-羟基-3’-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-5’-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]苯并三唑;2-[2’-羟基-3’-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-5’-(α,α-二甲基苄基)苯基]苯并三唑。
2.2 2-羟基二苯甲酮类,例如4-羟基,4-甲氧基,4-辛氧基,4-癸氧基,4-十二烷氧基,4-苄氧基,4,2′,4′-三羟基和2′-羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基衍生物。
2.3 苯甲酸的酯类,例如水杨酸4-叔丁基-苯基酯,水杨酸苯酯,水杨酸辛基苯酯,二苯甲酰基间苯二酚,双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰基)间苯二酚,苯甲酰基间苯二酚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六烷基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十八烷基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基苯基酯。
2.4 丙烯酸酯类,例如α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯或α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸异辛酯,α-甲酯基肉桂酸甲酯,α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯,α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸丁酯,α-甲酯基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯和N-(β-甲酯基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基二氢吲哚。
2.5 镍化合物类,例如2,2′-硫-双-[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基-丁基)苯酚]的镍配合物,如1∶1或1∶2配合比,任选有附加的配位体如正丁基胺,三乙醇胺或N-环己基二乙醇胺,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍,4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基膦酸的单烷基酯(例如甲酯或乙酯)的镍盐,酮肟例如2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟的镍配合物类,1-苯基-4-月桂酰基-5-羟基吡唑的镍配合物,任选有附加的配位体。
2.6 所谓的空间位阻胺;例如癸二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,琥珀酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,癸二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,癸二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸酯,1-羟乙基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶和琥珀酸的缩合物,N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-s-三嗪的线性或环状缩合物,次氮基三乙酸三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯,1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯,1,1′-(1,2-亚乙基)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮),4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酯,3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮,癸二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯,丁二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯,N,N′-双-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-吗啉代-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线性或环状缩合物,2-氯-4,6-双(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物,2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物,8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,4-十六烷氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶和4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的混合物,N,N’-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-环己基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合产物,1,2-双(3-氨基-丙基氨基)乙烷和2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合物,以及4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(CAS登记号[136504-96-6]);N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺,N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺,2-十一烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代螺[4.5]癸烷,7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代螺[4.5]癸烷和表氯醇的反应产物,1,1-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基氧基羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)醚,N,N’-双甲酰基-N,N’-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺,4-甲氧基-亚甲基-丙二酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羟基哌啶的二酯,聚[甲基丙基-3-氧基-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]硅氧烷,马来酸酐/α-烯烃共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物。
2.7 草酰胺类,例如4,4′-二辛氧基-N,N′-草酰二苯胺,2,2′-二乙氧基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺,2,2′-二辛氧基-5,5’-二叔丁基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺,2,2’-二(十二烷氧基)-5,5’-二叔丁基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺,2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺,N,N′-双(3-二甲氨基丙基)草酰胺,2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2′-乙基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺和它与2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-5,4′-二叔丁基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺的混合物以及邻-和对-甲氧基双取代的N,N’-草酰二苯胺类的混合物和邻-和对-乙氧基-二取代的N,N’-草酰二苯胺类的混合物。
2.8 2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪类,例如2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4-双(2-羟基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-十二烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-十三烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-丁氧基-丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-辛氧基-丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[4-(十二烷氧基/十三烷氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-2-羟基-苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-十二烷氧基-丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-己氧基)苯基-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4,6-三[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基-丙氧基)苯基]-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,2-{2-羟基-4-[3-(2-乙基己基-1-氧基)-2-羟基丙氧基]苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪。
3. 金属减活剂类,例如N,N′-二苯基草酰胺,N-水杨醛-N′-水杨酰基肼,N,N′-双(水杨酰基)肼,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)肼,3-水杨酰基氨基-1,2,4-三唑,双(苄叉基)草酰二肼,N,N’-草酰二苯胺,间苯二甲酰二肼,癸二酰双苯基酰肼,N,N′-二乙酰基己二酰二肼,N,N′-双(水杨酰基)草酰二肼,N,N′-双(水杨酰基)硫代丙酰基二肼。
4. 亚磷酸酯类、膦类和亚膦酸酯类,例如亚磷酸三苯酯,亚磷酸二苯基烷基酯,亚磷酸苯基二烷基酯,亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯,亚磷酸三月桂基酯,亚磷酸三(十八烷基)酯,三甲基膦,三正丁基膦,三苯基膦,二亚磷酸二硬脂基季戊四醇酯,亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯,二亚磷酸二异癸基季戊四醇酯,二亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇酯,二亚磷酸双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)-季戊四醇酯,二亚磷酸二异癸基氧基季戊四醇酯,二亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)季戊四醇酯,二亚磷酸双(2,4,6-三叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇酯,三亚磷酸三硬脂基山梨糖醇酯,二亚膦酸四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)-4,4′-亚联苯基酯,6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12H-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocine,6-氟-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12-甲基-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocine,亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基酯,亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙基酯,2,2′,2″-次氮基[三乙基-三(3,3’,5,5”-四叔丁基-1,1’-二苯基-2,2’-二基)亚磷酸酯],亚磷酸2-乙基己基(3,3’,5,5’-四叔丁基-1,1’-联苯基-2,2’-二基)酯。
下列亚磷酸酯是尤其优选的:
亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯(CibaSpecialty Chemicals),亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯,和具有结构式(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)、(e)、(f)和(g)的亚磷酸酯:
5. 羟基胺类,例如N,N-二苄基羟基胺,N,N-二乙基羟基胺,N,N-二辛基羟基胺,N,N-二月桂基羟基胺,N,N-二(十四烷基)羟基胺,N,N-二(十六烷基)羟基胺,N,N-二(十八烷基)羟基胺,N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羟基胺,N-十七烷基-N-十八烷基羟基胺,由氢化牛油脂肪酸胺得到的N,N-二烷基羟基胺。
6. 硝酮类,例如N-苄基-α-苯基-硝酮,N-乙基-α-甲基-硝酮,N-辛基-α-庚基-硝酮,N-月桂基-α-十一烷基-硝酮,N-十四烷基-α-十三烷基-硝酮,N-十六烷基-α-十五烷基-硝酮,N-十八烷基-α-十七烷基-硝酮,N-十六烷基-α-十七烷基-硝酮,N-十八烷基-α-十五烷基-硝酮,N-十七烷基-α-十七烷基-硝酮,N-十八烷基-α-十六烷基-硝酮,由氢化牛油脂肪酸胺衍生而来的N,N-二烷基羟基胺获得的硝酮。
7. 硫代增效剂,例如硫代二丙酸二月桂基酯或硫代二丙酸二硬脂基酯。
8. 过氧化物吸收剂,例如β-硫代二丙酸的酯类,例如月桂基、硬脂基、十四烷基或十三烷基酯类,巯基苯并咪唑类,2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌,二(十八烷基)二硫醚,四(β-十二烷基巯基)丙酸季戊四醇酯。
9. 聚酰胺稳定剂,例如铜盐与碘化物和/或磷化合物的混合物,和二价锰的盐。
10. 碱性助稳定剂,例如三聚氰胺,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,双氰胺,三烯丙基氰脲酸酯,脲衍生物,肼衍生物,胺类,聚酰胺类,聚氨酯类,高级脂肪酸的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,例如硬脂酸钙,硬脂酸锌,二十二烷酸镁,硬脂酸镁,蓖麻醇酸钠和棕榈酸钾,邻苯二酚锑或邻苯二酚锌。
11. 成核剂类,例如,无机填料,如滑石,金属氧化物类如二氧化钛或氧化镁,优选碱土金属的磷酸盐、碳酸盐或硫酸盐;有机化合物如单或多羧酸类和它们的盐类,例如4-叔丁基苯甲酸,己二酸,二苯基乙酸,琥珀酸钠或苯甲酸钠;聚合化合物如离子共聚物(“离聚物”)。
12. 苯并呋喃酮类和二氢吲哚酮类,例如根据US 4,325,863,US4,338,244,US 5,175,312,US 5,216,052,US 5,252,643,DE-A-4,316,611,DE-A-4,316,622,DE-A-4,316,876;EP-A-0589839或EP-A-0591102中公开的那些,或3-[4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮,5,7-二叔丁基-3-[4-(2-硬脂酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]苯并呋喃-2-酮,3,3′-双[5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-[2-羟基乙氧基]苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮],5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮,3-(4-乙酰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮,3-(3,5-二甲基-4-新戊酰氧基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮,3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮,3-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮。
13. 其它添加剂,例如增塑剂,润滑剂,乳化剂,颜料,流动剂,催化剂,荧光增白剂,抗静电剂或发泡剂。
以上所述的微粒料形成用添加剂和添加剂混合物按照本身已知的方式被混合在一起,例如合适的有所谓的共捏合机,顺旋转和逆旋转式双螺杆挤出机或单螺杆挤出机,它们适合于热塑性塑料和可固化塑料的混合、捏合、引入、塑化和均化,适用于染料的分散和适用于粘弹相的其它过程,例如K和M型的共捏合机,尤其PR型的共捏合机,它们允许至多1kW/每kg加工物料/每小时的输出功率。尤其合适的装置是从Buss AG,CH-Pratteln获得的PR型的共捏合机,例如装置类型PR100,140,200或300。根据共捏合机原理,混合和捏合工作分配在多个小元件之间,例如捏合齿和螺旋形刀。操作是连续的或不连续的,根据批料来定。对于连续操作,重要的是有原料的均匀供应,这能够通过供液体、熔体或粉末状到糊状材料用的计量设备来进行。
混合物转化成可加工的物料优选是在温度控制的共捏合机,顺旋转或逆旋转双螺杆挤出机或单螺杆挤出机中进行。利用热和机械(剪切)能量,添加剂被混合和加工成可加工的物料。共捏合机的壳体和螺杆能够在多个区段中独自加热,例如通过使用双夹套加热方法。20℃-300℃的温度范围是优选的。填充区段优选被冷却。出口喷嘴形状是特殊设计的并具有小量的开口,优选仅仅一个开口。它可以是,例如,注射头,条形或槽形喷嘴,圆形喷嘴或螺旋形喷嘴的形式。在出口喷嘴中的开口具有约40mm-约200mm长度,约6mm-约20mm宽度,或对于圆形喷嘴的情况,具有约20mm-约150mm直径。
在离开出口喷嘴之后,如此预成形的线条状挤出物料处于非硬质的状态,例如塑性或塑料-结晶状态,能够进一步成形。挤出的物料具有约从1000到50000cPa·sec,优选从1000到10000cPa·sec的粘度。挤出的物料被冷却至它仍然保持可加工的状态的温度。物料可利用滑动斜槽排出,后者可具有非粘性的涂层。
作为共捏合机的替代,可以使用具有一个或两个螺杆的螺杆挤出机(单螺杆或多螺杆挤出机,例如双螺杆挤出机),螺杆有可能具有相同或不同的螺纹结构(剪切元件和混合组件)。共捏合机的使用是优选的。参考在Handbuch der Kunststoffextrusion,Editors F.Hensen,W.Knappe,H.Potente,1卷,1989,Grundlagen,ISBN:3-446-14339-4,和2卷,1986,Extrusions-anlagen,ISBN 3-446-14329-7中描述的装置。类似的装置可从制造厂家Brabender(DE),Werner & Pfleiderer(DE)或Bühler(CH)获得。趁处于可加工的状态,冷却的物料然后通过辊压,压印,冷却和粉碎来形成为微粒料。对于辊压,使用从所谓压延派生的并且从塑料薄膜的生产中获知的辊压方法。普通的压延方法在于通过让热塑性物料通过至少两个辊(所谓的压料辊或挤压辊)将它形成为连续的带条材。
用于本发明的方法中的压印方法与压延方法的区别在于,在辊压之后,仍然具有塑性、预成形的物料然后使用线性压花的成形辊来加工。该材料因此压印了微粒状结构,这是提供预定破碎点(用于粉碎该产品毡的硬化碎片)所需要的。
在压印过程中,运输能够在Sandvik型的连续钢带上进行,它具有可控制的驱动机构并且可以通过喷射到它的下面的水来冷却。钢带能够具有从约200mm到约1500mm的带宽度和从约2m到约16m的有效冷却长度。
该辊压是通过让预成形的、仍然塑性的材料穿过两个或三个挤压辊来进行,在辊之间的间距是可调节的以及最小的间距决定微粒料的大小。辊压出的塑性材料然后被在材料上产生压印结构的至少一个,优选两个或三个辊来加工。在优选的实施方案中,这些成形辊具有在相反的方向上走向的对角线沟槽或在纵向和横向上走向的沟槽,它们将菱形或方形结构压印到仍然塑性的材料带条材上。
挤压辊存在至少两种可能排列(顶部和在下面)。当它们在顶部排列时,从出口喷嘴出来的塑性材料通过运输带向上引导,该运输带有可能被冷却或加热。当它们在下面排列时,该塑性材料向下引导至第一挤压辊的上游。
挤压辊和成形辊能够和在普通的压延机中一样进行排列,根据需要,它们可以加热或,尤其,可以冷却。辊的转速必须与糊料的流动匹配(为了避免堵塞)。相对于位于下面的冷却带,这些辊是按照它们的轴在流动方向上<90°的倾角来安装的。这些辊还可以具有非粘性的涂层。
压印的产品带条在冷却带上硬化,并通过使用其它辊在冷却带的末端上被破碎成粗糙的小片。所得的碎片在筛造粒机,例如Frewitt,GLA-ORV-0215型(4mm筛子)中沿着压印线被粉碎形成微粒料。筛子的筛目尺寸与微粒料的大小匹配。细或较细碎片然后被筛选掉并与该微粒料分离。
作为筛造粒机的替代,沿着压印线所形成的碎片能够在辊式破碎机或辊式磨机中被粉碎形成所需尺寸的微粒料。辊式破碎机或辊式磨机与筛造粒机的结合也是可能的。
能够这样生产的以单种添加剂或添加剂混合物为基础的添加剂微粒料适合于使有机聚合物稳定化,防止热、氧化或光-诱导的降解。它们能够使用已知方法按照本身已知的方式被引入到聚合物中,例如热塑性塑料,尤其热固性塑料,例如以聚烯烃,聚酯,聚苯乙烯,聚丙烯酸酯,聚氨酯,聚酰胺等等为基础。该微粒料也适合于所谓的预混合物的制备。
下列实施例说明了根据本发明的方法的适用性和实用性:
实施例1
50份的IRGANOX 1010(季戊四醇四[3-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苯基)-丙酸酯])和50份的IRGANOX 1098(N,N’-己烷-1,6-二基-双[3-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酰胺])在间歇式混合器中均匀地混合。使用计量装置,混合物按体积以50kg/h的处理量供应到Konti捏合机(PR100 7D型)中。捏合机将温度控制到100℃(入口冷却到20℃;轴110℃)。物料的温度是95℃。在45rpm(100rpm=150kg/h)的轴转速下,该产物经由槽缝形喷嘴(尺寸40×6mm)挤出。
材料的条材由冷却了的斜槽(20℃)供应到两个冷却了的(20℃)挤压辊。挤压辊将处于塑性状态下(1000-10000cPas)的产物的条材辊压成2mm厚度、大约10-15cm宽的带条材,后者沉积在冷却了的金属带上(Sandvik冷却带;有效宽度250mm;有效长度4000mm)。在冷却带之上安装了两个压花辊,后者将菱形结构压印到该产物的仍然塑性的带条材上。在压印之后,产物的压印带条材在冷却带上硬化并在冷却带的末端上破碎成粗糙的小片料。压印的碎片在筛造粒机(Frewitt型:GLA-ORV-0215;4mm筛子)中沿着压印线被粉碎形成微粒料。细粒然后被筛选除掉。所生产的根据本发明的微粒料具有均匀的形状和显示出有利的松散材料性能(表1)。
表1
粒度,最小长度 | 1.0mm |
粒度,最长度 | 3.0mm |
疏松堆积密度 | 514g/l |
倾倒速率(t<sub>R15</sub>/t<sub>R25</sub>)<sup>2)</sup> | 9sec/2sec |
休止角(喷嘴15/25mm)1) | 41°/34° |
粉尘排放(5min)<sup>3)</sup> | 0.11% |
1)根据ISO 4324;2)根据DIN 53492;3)根据Heubach试验
实施例2
使用计量装置,100份的IRGANOX 1010按体积以100kg/h的处理量供应到Konti捏合机(PR100 7D型)中。捏合机将温度控制到90℃(入口冷却到20℃;轴90℃)。物料的温度是70℃。在45rpm的轴转速下,该产物经由圆形喷嘴(直径24mm)被挤出。材料的条材由冷却了的斜槽(20℃)供应到两个冷却了的(20℃)挤压辊。挤压辊将处于塑性状态下(1000-5000cPas)的产物的条材辊压成2mm厚度、大约10-15cm宽的带条材,后者沉积在冷却了的金属带上(Sandvik冷却带;有效宽度250mm;有效长度4000mm)。在冷却带之上安装了两个压花辊,后者将菱形结构压印到该产物的仍然塑性的带条材上。在压印之后,产物的压印带条材在冷却带上硬化并在冷却带的末端上破碎成粗糙的小片料。压印的碎片在筛造粒机(Frewitt型:GLA-ORV-0215;4mm筛子)中沿着压印线被粉碎形成微粒料。细粒然后被筛选除掉。所生产的根据本发明的微粒料具有均匀的形状和显示出有利的松散材料性能(表2),特别是与所使用的粉末相比。
表2
粒度,最小长度 | 2.2mm |
粒度,最长度 | 5.5mm |
疏松堆积密度 | 534g/l |
倾倒速率(t<sub>R15</sub>/t<sub>R25</sub>)<sup>2)</sup> | 37sec/3sec |
休止角(喷嘴15/25mm)<sup>1)</sup> | 38°/31° |
粉尘排放(5min)<sup>3)</sup> | 0.065% |
1)根据ISO 4324;2)根据DIN 53492;3)根据Heubach试验
实施例3
5.2份的25.8份的硬脂酸钙粉末(硬脂酸钙FACI,IT)和69份的(丁二酸二甲酯,与4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶乙醇的聚合物)在MTI混合器中均匀地混合。使用计量装置,混合物按容积以100kg/h的处理量供应到Konti捏合机(PR100 7D型)中。捏合机将温度控制到60℃(入口冷却到20℃;轴60℃)。物料的温度是50℃。在45rpm的轴转速下,该产物经由圆形喷嘴(直径24mm)被挤出。材料的条材由冷却了的斜槽(20℃)供应到两个冷却了的(20℃)挤压辊。挤压辊将处于塑性状态下(1000-5000cPas)的产物的条材辊压成2mm厚度、大约10-15cm宽的带材,后者沉积在冷却了的金属带上(Sandvik冷却带;有效宽度250mm;有效长度4000mm)。在冷却带之上安装了两个压花辊,后者将菱形结构压印到该产物的仍然塑性的带条材上。在压印之后,产物的压印带条材在冷却带上硬化并在冷却带的末端上破碎成粗糙的小片料。压印的碎片在筛造粒机(Frewitt型:GLA-ORV-0215;4mm筛子)中沿着压印线被粉碎形成微粒料。细粒然后被筛选除掉。所生产的根据本发明的微粒料具有均匀的形状和显示出有利的松散材料性能(表3),特别是与所使用的粉末相比。
表3
粒度,最小长度 | 3.3mm |
粒度,最长度 | 6.6mm |
疏松堆积密度 | 537g/l |
粒度,最小长度 | 3.3mm |
倾倒速率(t<sub>R15</sub>/t<sub>R25</sub>)<sup>2)</sup> | 40s ec/3s ec |
休止角(喷嘴15/25mm)<sup>1)</sup> | 45°/33° |
粉尘排放(5min)<sup>3)</sup> | 0.00% |
1)根据ISO 4324;2)根据DIN 53492;3)根据Heubach试验
Claims (8)
1.生产聚合物添加剂或聚合物添加剂混合物的低粉尘微粒料的方法,其中该形成微粒料的聚合物添加剂被混合在一起,添加剂或添加剂混合物被捏合成可加工的物料并加压穿过开口,然后预成形的线条状挤出物料被冷却,并在仍然处于可加工的状态下的同时,通过辊压、压印、冷却和粉碎形成为微粒料。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中形成微粒料的聚合物添加剂的混合物在可加热的共捏合机中被转化成可加工的物料。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中可加工的物料经由圆形喷嘴或槽缝形喷嘴从共捏合机中挤出,并且预成形的线条状挤出物料作进一步处理。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中该预成形的线条状挤出物料通过具有光滑和抛光表面的挤压辊进行加工,然后通过具有压花线的成形辊来加工。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其中成形辊具有沟槽。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其中冷却是在连续的钢带上进行的。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其中形成微粒料的聚合物添加剂的组分以液体或固体形式或以熔化形式加入到共捏合机中。
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