CN1910088B - 用于包装工业的廉价、可供选择的阻氧材料 - Google Patents
用于包装工业的廉价、可供选择的阻氧材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1910088B CN1910088B CN2003801109389A CN200380110938A CN1910088B CN 1910088 B CN1910088 B CN 1910088B CN 2003801109389 A CN2003801109389 A CN 2003801109389A CN 200380110938 A CN200380110938 A CN 200380110938A CN 1910088 B CN1910088 B CN 1910088B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- D21H19/20—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12 comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
- D21H19/62—Macromolecular organic compounds or oligomers thereof obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/80—Paper comprising more than one coating
- D21H19/82—Paper comprising more than one coating superposed
- D21H19/826—Paper comprising more than one coating superposed two superposed coatings, the first applied being pigmented and the second applied being non-pigmented
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- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/10—Packing paper
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
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Abstract
本发明涉及开发具有非常低的氧和水蒸气渗透性、可用于包装食品材料、尤其是包装油的包装材料的方法,该方法包括配制以煅烧粘土作为功能添加剂的涂料组合物,并用所述涂料组合物涂覆纸板至50~100微米的厚度,由此可以制造合适的包装容器。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于包装工业的廉价、可供选择的阻氧材料。本发明可普遍用于包装工业,尤其可用于包装食用油。
背景技术
已经发现,塑料和其它材料已经越来越多地用于包装中以替代玻璃和金属容器。这种包装比玻璃包装的优点包括重量轻、不易破碎并且成本可能较低。当普通包装材料在用于包装对氧气敏感的物品和/或碳酸饮料时,这种材料在阻气性能上的不足是它们在包装工业中存在的主要问题。特别地,例如氧气和二氧化碳的气体能够容易地渗透过大多数通常用于包装工业中的包装材料(非玻璃和金属)。这种包装材料的透氧常数(OPC)表示在特定环境下可通过膜或涂层的氧的量。
已知数种方法通过施用厚的或多层聚合涂料提高包装材料对氧气和湿气的阻隔性能。可以参考美国专利3959526号,其中介绍了制备阻隔性能高、可热密封的、总残留溶剂量低的包装材料的方法。以溶液状态施用高阻隔性偏二氯乙烯共聚物的内涂层和可热密封的偏二氯乙烯共聚物的顶涂层,从而沉积膜。另一美国专利4781978号公开了具有用于促进粘合的涂层的制品。该涂层由羰酰胺(carbonylamide)官能团和疏水聚合物的掺合物形成。美国专利3950579号公开了一种在小踏面制品(treaded articles)的表面上形成较厚聚合材料沉积的方法,由聚合材料的溶液在表面上形成薄涂层。该聚合材料为聚氨酯或优选为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸树脂,其与粘合增进材料(如聚酰胺或有机硅树脂)结合。美国专利4565742号公开了通过多个层叠和涂覆步骤制备的膜压材料。该膜包括聚酯或尼龙的基膜、聚偏二氯乙烯的涂层和乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的密封层。日本专利申请59-152929公开通过用聚合物分散液或溶液涂覆热塑性聚酯容器来处理该容器的方法。在一个实施例中,施用皂化的聚乙酸乙烯酯的第一涂层,然后施用偏二氯乙烯聚酯乳胶,然后干燥。另一美国专利5061534号公开了包含乙烯乙烯醇共聚物的第一层和包含偏二氯乙烯共聚物的第二层。用偏二氯乙烯共聚物层(其在低乙烯含量的乙烯乙烯醇共聚物和所含产物之间)制成的包装在高湿度和低湿度都显示了高的阻氧性能。美国专利5728439号公开了用于对氧气敏感的食物和饮料的多层包装材料。另一美国专利6054212号公开了用另一聚酯涂覆的双轴向聚酯膜具有低的大气氧透过性,其中所述另一聚酯的玻璃转化温度Tg低于所述双轴向聚酯。这对于包装用途特别合适,尤其是包装食品和其它消费品。美国专利5328724号公开了如下在基底(如塑料膜)上施用乙烯乙烯醇共聚物的阻隔层的方法:用乙烯乙烯醇在溶剂四氢呋喃和水中的溶液涂覆基底,然后除去溶剂。在四氢呋喃溶液中将乙烯乙烯醇阻隔层涂覆在塑料基底上,这样的多层结构具有优良的阻氧性能。
获得包装材料阻隔性能的现有方法(US 5543223、US 5830545、US4753832)都是基于多层聚酯膜,其中阻隔性能是由例如乙烯乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)、莎纶-聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、金属化PP之类的材料产生的。这些材料与通常目的的塑料(如PE或PP)相比价格昂贵,同时还需要高能量消耗的熔融混合和挤出技术以制备多层材料。已经报道了基于无定形聚酯制备阻隔材料的研究和开发成果。与现有技术相反,本发明使用涂料组合物而不使用任何昂贵的工艺操作或添加剂来制备阻隔涂料。
目前用来获得氧气和水蒸气阻隔性能的材料基于昂贵的原材料,如PVDF或EVOH共聚物。多层材料通常是用这些共聚物设计的,需要高能量消耗的制造工艺,有时性能较低。为改善阻隔性能而在涂料配制物中使用煅烧粘土,这是现有技术中所不知道的。
发明目的
本发明的主要目的是提供用于包装工业的廉价、可供选择的阻氧材料。
本发明的另一目的是用煅烧粘土(下文称为粘土)以及其它填料和添加剂配制涂料组合物,以使得膜具有更好的阻隔氧气和水蒸气的性能。
本发明的再一目的是在不牺牲最佳机械性能的情况下,将煅烧粘土加入涂料配制物中。
本发明的另一目的是研究配方变化对所开发的包装材料阻隔性能的影响。
发明概要
本发明涉及用于包装工业的廉价、可供选择的阻氧材料。本发明可普遍用于包装工业,尤其可用于包装食用油。
发明详述
本发明提供了一种涂料配制物,当该涂料用于多层包装材料时,其对氧气和水蒸气具有非常好的阻隔性能。根据本发明,多层包装材料由第一层--纸板、第二层--所述开发的涂料和第三层--基于烯烃的膜构成。
涂膜的第二层由成膜粘结剂、颜料、添加剂等形成。所述成膜粘结剂选自由市场有售的醇酸树脂、环氧树脂、聚氨酯和氨基甲酸乙酯改性醇酸树脂(urethane alkyds)组成的组。
醇酸树脂的例子为长油醇酸树脂、中油醇酸树脂或氨基甲酸乙酯改性醇酸树脂,它们由油制备,如亚麻籽、红花和脱水蓖麻油。环氧树脂是芳族二醇(如双酚)与表氯醇的反应产物。聚氨酯是羟基化的聚酯(可以由油或其它多羟基化合物衍生)与异氰酸酯(可以是脂肪族或芳香族)的反应产物。羟基聚酯是脂肪族或芳香族二醇与二羧酸的反应产物。
涂膜还包含颜料(如二氧化钛、氧化铁、氧化锆等)和填料(如滑石、重晶石、粘土材料)和添加剂(如分散剂、防沉降剂、流动调节剂等)和溶剂(如石油溶剂油、甲苯、乙酸溶纤剂、MIBK、MEK等)。
使用成膜剂、颜料、添加剂和溶剂配制涂料,该涂料的干燥膜具有非常好的阻氧性能。
因此,本发明提供了用于包装工业的廉价、可供选择的阻氧材料,其包括用煅烧粘土配制涂料组合物,并用所述配制的涂料涂覆在纸板一侧上至50~100微米的厚度,再用所述多层包装材料制造出合适的容器。
通过制备具有纸板底层并具有至少一个覆盖层的包装材料实现了本发明的目的,其中所述覆盖层由成膜剂、颜料和添加剂构成。该新型涂膜的包装材料通常具有非常低的氧渗透性,其超出了测量极限。
在具有涂膜的包装材料中,涂层的粘结剂包含至少50~75体积%的成膜剂和25~50体积%的其它颜料和填料。
涂层可以包含颜料、填料和添加剂。有利的是,在将它们在球磨中研磨之前添加到成膜剂或其混合物中。这种颜料的例子是二氧化钛、氧化铁、氧化锌、滑石、碳酸钙、无定形二氧化硅、碳酸镁、碳酸钡、炭黑、高岭土、陶土和重晶石。
所选添加剂也可以是两种或多种不同试剂的混合物。1~20体积%的颜料浓度是特别合适的。
然后,组合物可以固化;即可以对其处理以去除组合物中的挥发成分,形成非粘性的透明层,其粘附在基底上。依据所选涂料配方,可以采用传统涂覆技术,如刷涂、喷涂、辊涂、无空气喷涂等施用涂膜。
涂膜的厚度可以在宽范围内变化,并取决于数种因素,包括所用的施用方法。其优选为50~200μm,更优选75~150μm,再优选85~125μm。施用该涂膜后的纸板应该没有膜缺陷、针孔、白点等。第三层常常为聚乙烯,优选为LDPE,该层厚约100~200μm。
该组合物包装材料特别适用于包装对氧敏感的油、食品和消费品。
在本发明中,使用粘土作为涂料配制物中的添加剂,实现了在阻隔特性上获得的主要改进。由此,本发明显著改进了使用粘土作为添加剂而获得的膜的水蒸气和氧气阻隔性。下面给出了一般的配方,表明所用的组成(重量百分比)。
在典型配方中,加入100~200g(通常为165g)选自醇酸树脂、环氧树脂、或聚氨酯、氨基甲酸乙酯改性醇酸树脂(uralkyd)的树脂、100~200g(通常为166.2g)的TiO2、20~50g(通常为28.5g)的滑石,并根据配方需要加入0~30g煅烧粘土,并加入所需量的包含二甲苯、甲苯或MIBK的溶剂混合物,使得所有成分的总体积不超过250ml。所述混合物占通常为500ml的瓶的近2/3,该瓶已装有有利于研磨的陶瓷小圆石,然后,将其在球磨机上研磨2天。该涂料组合物配制为25%PVC(颜料体积浓度)。以下为所使用的一些示意性组成。
组成I
环氧树脂 | 24~48% |
TiO<sub>2</sub> | 24~48% |
滑石 | 9~22% |
粘土 | 0~30% |
着色剂 | 0~1% |
重晶石 | 0~5% |
Nilset117 | 0.1~0.2% |
HapcoNXZ | 0.05~0.1% |
Dispersitol | 0~0.1% |
Borchi GOL E2 | 0.5~0.8% |
溶剂 | 适量(为了施用) |
组成II
醇酸树脂 | 24~48% |
TiO<sub>2</sub> | 24~48% |
滑石 | 9~22% |
粘土 | 0~30% |
催化剂 | 0.1~0.5% |
着色剂 | 0~1% |
重晶石 | 0~5% |
Nilset117 | 0.1~0.2% |
HapcoNXZ | 0.05~0.1% |
Dispersitol | 0~0.1% |
Borchi GOL E2 | 0.5~0.8% |
溶剂 | 适量(为了施用) |
组成III
聚酯多元醇+异氰酸酯 | 24~48% |
TiO<sub>2</sub> | 28~40% |
滑石 | 9~22% |
粘土 | 0~30% |
着色剂 | 0~1% |
重晶石 | 0~5% |
Nilset117 | 0.1~0.2% |
HapcoNXZ | 0.05~0.1% |
Dispersitol | 0~0.1% |
Borchi GOL E2 | 0.5~0.8% |
溶剂 | 适量(为了施用) |
组成IV
蓖麻油多元醇+异氰酸酯 | 24~48% |
TiO<sub>2</sub> | 18~40% |
滑石 | 9~22% |
粘土 | 0~30% |
着色剂 | 0~1% |
重晶石 | 0~5% |
Nilset117 | 0.1~0.2% |
HapcoNXZ | 0.05~0.1% |
Dispersitol | 0~0.1% |
Borchi GOL E2 | 0.5~0.8% |
溶剂 | 适量(为了施用) |
组成V
氨基甲酸乙酯改性醇酸树脂 | 28~40% |
TiO<sub>2</sub> | 31~52% |
滑石 | 9~22% |
粘土 | 0~30% |
催化剂 | 0.1~0.5% |
着色剂 | 0~1% |
重晶石 | 0~5% |
Nilset117 | 0.1~0.2% |
HapcoNXZ | 0.05~0.1% |
Dispersitol | 0~0.1% |
Borchi GOL E2 | 0.5~0.8% |
溶剂 | 适量(为了施用) |
本发明还提供了制备多层包装材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)提供由纸板构成的第一层;
(b)用第二层,即如权利要求1所述的涂料,涂覆第一层,并将其干燥以获得被涂覆的第一层,涂层的厚度为50~200μm;和
(c)将第三层,即选自聚乙烯和聚丙烯的烯烃,叠加在被涂覆的第一层上,第三层的厚度约为40μm。
通过以下实施例解释本发明,这些实施例不应当被解释为以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
用于涂覆的典型配制物包含,例如,选自醇酸树脂、环氧树脂、氨基甲酸乙酯改性醇酸树脂、聚氨酯或其组合的粘结剂,使得该粘结剂的总重量百分比不超过填料。通过在由金属或玻璃制成的合适容器中将所有成分混合在一起,从而制备涂料配制物,该容器的2/3体积被所述添加剂的混合物和溶剂或溶剂混合物填充,将其在球磨机上保持研磨不少于8小时,且最长24小时,或研磨根据获得良好分散所需的时间。
在典型的配方中,称取100~200g(通常为165g)的醇酸树脂、或10~90g(通常为82.5g)的环氧树脂、或10~50g(通常为40g)的聚酯多元醇及化学计量量的异氰酸酯、或90~150g的聚氨酯(通常为142.5g的复合聚氨酯)、或25~75g(通常为35g)的的蓖麻油聚酯及适量的异氰酸酯,加入容器中,然后加入100~200g(通常为165g)TiO2、20~50g(通常为28.5g)滑石和根据配制中的需要的0~100g煅烧粘土,并加入所需量的包含二甲苯、甲苯或MIBK的溶剂混合物,使得所有成分的总体积不超过200ml。所述混合物占通常为500ml的瓶的近2/3,该瓶已装有有利于研磨的陶瓷小圆石,然后,将其在球磨机上保持研磨2天。该涂料组合物配制为10、20和25的PVC(颜料体积浓度)值。以下实施例描述了所用配方:
实施例2
环氧树脂 | 34% |
TiO<sub>2</sub> | 34% |
滑石 | 6% |
煅烧粘土 | 4.8~28% |
着色剂 | 0.1% |
重晶石 | 5% |
Nilset117 | 0.1~0.2% |
HapcoNXZ | 0.05~0.1% |
dispersitol | 0.1% |
Borchi GOL E2 | 0.5~0.8% |
溶剂 | 25% |
向所述组合物中加入化学计量的硬化剂,用玻璃棒或合适的混合设备充分混合,然后,涂覆成50~100微米厚的游离膜。
这样配制的涂料组合物具有下列特点:
细度:研磨-Hegmann标准第7号,
福特杯(Ford cup)第4号粘度:取决于施用方法,40~60。
还将这样配制的涂料施用到一侧涂有聚乙烯膜的纸板上至50~100微米的厚度,并干燥至少24小时或使其不粘所必需的时间,所述纸板市场有售(由印度Bangalore ITC纸板供应)。这样制成的包装材料由一侧涂有阻隔涂料、另一侧叠置有厚度约100微米的聚乙烯膜的纸板构成。
测试本发明的目标,即被涂覆的纸板,所述制成的包装材料,以表征其阻隔性能。阻氧性能是依据ASTM D-3985-81采用连续流方法测量的。下面简要说明该方法:
氧渗透性测量:
选择连续流方法测量渗透性。该方法的详细介绍在较早已有报道(J.ofMemb.Sci.159(1999)209-219)。在该方法中,渗透剂渗透过膜进入渗透物室内流动着的惰性载体气流中。用气相色谱法分析从渗透侧出来的气流以确定渗透物浓度,将其乘以气流流动速率并除以阻隔面积得到渗透通量。通量与有效阻隔厚度的积除以阻隔材料两边的O2分压差,由此确定渗透系数。连续流方法是优选的,因为通过改变载体气体的流速使渗透物流中渗透剂的浓度处于分析器(即气相色谱)的测试范围内,可容易地测量低渗透率和高渗透率。
试验过程中,在膜两边保持约1~5kgs/cm2(100~500kPa)的压差。所有试验都在室温(30±2℃)下进行。先用真空泵将进料管和渗透管排空。通过质量流控制器缓慢地将纯氧引入进料管。在测试池中保持合意的进料压力差。使用iolar级氮气(纯度>99.9%)作为载气(载气的流动速率受肥皂泡仪的控制)将渗透气体,即样品,收集到SS 316气体取样器中。只收集稳定状态的样品。用装配有CTR双柱和热传导检测器(FID)的印度Nucon 765型气相色谱仪分析进料和渗透物样品。确定渗透的氧浓度,并计算气体渗透性。
依据ASTM E-96-66使用裴恩杯(Payne Cup)法测量水蒸气透过速率。下面简要说明该方法:
对每个样品应该测试至少三个样本(在本发明中是涂覆的膜)。按照ASTM标准中给出的程序,用干燥剂填充裴恩杯至6mm样本以内,将测试样本放置在杯上,将该杯密封。将这些杯放入干燥器中,借助水溶液将干燥器保持为90%的湿度(ASTM E-104-51)。将这些干燥器放入37.8℃(100°F)亿的培养箱中。膜的暴露面积为1.017×10-3m2。以合适的间隔连续称重该组件直到获得恒定速率的增量。计算该水蒸气传递速率,并用g/m2·24h表达。
随着粘土含量从0~28%或0~30ml增大,由实施例6制备的游离膜相应地具有3.44~1.97g/m2·24h的水蒸气渗透性和426.5~1.9立方厘米·密耳/100英寸2·天·大气压的氧渗透性。所述组合物具有250~104kg/cm2的粘合强度。粘土含量为0%时,游离膜抗张强度为0.516kgf/mm2,而粘土负载为10和20ml时,抗张强度为1.75和2.25kgf/mm2。
涂料组合物的第二个实施例是根据实施例6中所给配方制备的。
实施例3
醇酸树脂 38.5%
TiO2 38%
滑石 6.6%
粘土 4.7%
催化剂 0.5%
着色剂 0.1%
重晶石 5%
Nilset 117 0.1~0.2%
Hapco NXZ 0.05~0.1%
Dispersitol 0.1%
Borchi Gol E2 0.5~0.8%
溶剂 14%
该膜按照第一实施例中详细说明的那样制备,并具有如下性能:抗张强度为0.88~0.96kgf/mm2的范围内,膜的氧渗透性在11.8~2.3立方厘米·密耳/100英寸2·天·大气压内变化。
负载膜的水蒸气透过速率(WVTR)表示为毫克/平方厘米2·毫米厚度·24小时,粘土负载最低时其为4.55,粘土负载最高时其为2.27。粘土负载最高时,该组合物的粘合强度为212kg/cm2,粘土负载最低时,为247kg/cm2。
实施例4
聚酯多元醇 27.8%
异氰酸酯 25%
TiO2 33%
滑石 5.6%
煅烧粘土 4.7~28%
着色剂 0.1%
重晶石 5%
Nilset 117 0.1~0.2%
Hapco NXZ 0.05~0.1%
Dispersitol 0.1%
Borchi Gol E 2 0.5~0.8%
溶剂 19.8%
研磨48小时。
随着粘土含量从0~28%或0~30ml增大,游离膜具有9.34~8.19g/m2·24h的水蒸气渗透性和11~3.1立方厘米·密耳/100英寸2·天·大气压的氧渗透性。所述组合物具有323~377kg/cm2的粘合强度。粘土含量为0%时,游离膜的抗张强度为1.20kgf/mm2,粘土负载为10和20ml时,抗张强度为1.20和1.36kgf/mm2。
实施例5
根据下述配方制造所用配制物的另一个实例:
蓖麻油聚酯 26%
异氰酸酯 22%
TiO2 34%
滑石 5.8%
粘土 5~30%
着色剂 0.1%
重晶石 5%
Nilset 117 0.1~0.2%
Hapco NXZ 0.05~0.1%
Dispersitol 0.1%
Borchi Gol E 2 0.5~0.8%
溶剂20%
随着粘土含量从0~28%或0~30ml增大,游离膜具有11.45~9.62g/m2·24h的水蒸气渗透性和17~4.7立方厘米·密耳/100英寸2·天·大气压的氧渗透性。所述组合物具有在247~424kg/cm2的粘合强度。粘土含量为0%时,游离膜的抗张强度为0.85kgf/mm2,粘土负载为10和20ml时,抗张强度为1.14和1.51kgf/mm2。
实施例6
下面的例子进一步说明用于涂料组合物的配方。
氨基甲酸乙酯改性醇酸树酯 48%
TiO2 28%
滑石 4.8%
粘土 4.8~28%
着色剂 0.1%
重晶石 5%
Nilset 117 0.1~0.2%
Hapco NXZ 0.05~0.1%
Dispersitol 0.1%
Borchi Gol E 2 0.5~0.8%
甲苯7%
随着粘土含量从0~28%或0~30ml增大,游离膜具有16.12~20.10g/m2·24h的水蒸气渗透性和436.3~21立方厘米·密耳/100英寸2·天·大气压的氧渗透性。所述组合物具有在247~318kg/cm2的粘合强度。粘土含量为0%时,游离膜的抗张强度为1.26kgf/mm2,粘土负载为10和20ml时,抗张强度为1.37和1.30kgf/mm2。用由所述包装材料(其涂覆有以上实施例3所述的组合物)制造的容器包装精炼的向日葵油。将该样品和在烧杯中的另一样品一起进行80℃的加速测试。通过测定过氧化物的含量检查油的变质。烧杯中样品的过氧化物含量在24小时内增加了112%,而包装在所述包装材料中的油仅增加了16%,表明本发明开发的制品中的油具有较好的储存稳定性。
下面提供了市售材料的比较数据:
样品 | O<sub>2</sub>(立方厘米·密耳/100英寸<sup>2</sup>·天·大气压) | WVTR(g/m<sup>2</sup>·24h,38℃,90%相对湿度) |
金属化的聚丙烯(Matallised PP) | 5.07 | 3.9~4.8 |
Saran 3E | 1 | 2.8 |
LDPE | 250~800 | 15.5~18 |
HDPE | 30~250 | 4.7~10.8 |
EVOH | 1.15 | 22~59 |
PET | 4.8~9 | 21 |
IICT-未改性涂层 | 11~18 | 3.44~26 |
粘土-改性膜 | 1.9~3.1 | 1.97~3.44 |
LDPE/纸/IICT涂层 | 低于可检测范围 | 2.46~3.26 |
参考文献:A.S.Athalye,Popular Plastics & Packaging,February1999,57~66
本发明的主要优点:
通过使用煅烧粘土改性的聚合物涂层,就不必为获得阻隔性能而使用昂贵种类的聚合物,如PVDF或EVOH共聚物。提高塑料包装材料OPC值的一个方法是进行化学和/或物理处理,例如金属化塑料。该方法通常是昂贵的。用来制造阻隔涂层的工艺与目前所用工艺(如挤出)相比有更少的能量消耗。例如,对于25微米膜,在38℃和90%RH(相对湿度)下PVC膜的WVRT(水蒸气透过速率)为30~40g/m2·24h。本发明公开的涂料组合物的WVTR为2.46-3.26g/m2·24h·25微米膜。因此,与用于包装的商业PVC相比,其具有更好的水蒸气阻隔性能,而其生产成本也比PVC膜的生产成本低。
Claims (18)
1.一种涂料组合物,包含:
醇酸树脂/环氧树脂 24~48%
TiO2 24~48%
滑石 9~22%
煅烧粘土 0~30%
催化剂 0~1%
着色剂 0~1%
重晶石 0~5%
Nilset117 0.1~0.2%
HapcoNXZ 0.05~0.1%
Dispersitol 0~0.1%
Borchi Gol E2 0.5~0.8%
溶剂 适量。
2.如权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中煅烧粘土、TiO2、滑石、重晶石用于改善氧和水蒸气的渗透性。
3.一种多层包装材料,包括第一层,纸板;第二层,如权利要求1所述的涂料和第三层,选自聚乙烯或聚丙烯的烯烃。
4.如权利要求3所述的多层包装材料,其中第二层涂料的厚度为50~200μm。
5.如权利要求3所述的多层包装材料,其中第二层涂料的厚度为75~150μm。
6.如权利要求3所述的多层包装材料,其中第二层涂料的厚度为85~125μm。
7.如权利要求3所述的多层包装材料,其中第三层的厚度为100~200μm。
8.如权利要求3所述的多层包装材料,其中第一层用于支撑第二层和第三层。
9.如权利要求3所述的多层包装材料,其中所述涂料层基于醇酸树脂。
10.如权利要求3所述的多层包装材料,其中所述涂料层基于氨基甲酸乙酯改性醇酸树脂。
11.如权利要求3所述的多层包装材料,其中所述涂料层基于环氧树脂。
12.如权利要求3所述的多层包装材料,其中所述涂料层基于氨基甲酸乙酯。
13.如权利要求3至13任一项所述的多层包装材料,其中第三层为聚乙烯或聚丙烯。
14.一种制备多层包装材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)提供由纸板构成的第一层;
(b)用第二层,即如权利要求1所述的涂料,涂覆第一层,并将其干燥以获得被涂覆的第一层,涂层的厚度为50~200μm;和
(c)将第三层,即选自聚乙烯和聚丙烯的烯烃,叠加在被涂覆的第一层上,第三层的厚度为40μm。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中第二层的厚度为75~150μm。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中第二层的厚度为85~125μm。
17.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中以选自醇酸树脂、氨基甲酸乙酯改性醇酸树脂、环氧树脂和氨基甲酸乙酯的涂料作为第二层,以聚乙烯作为第三层。
18.由权利要求2至13任一项所述的多层包装材料制成的包装。
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JP3371210B2 (ja) * | 1993-03-01 | 2003-01-27 | 東都化成株式会社 | 塗料用エポキシ樹脂組成物 |
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US6358576B1 (en) * | 1998-02-12 | 2002-03-19 | International Paper Company | Clay-filled polymer barrier materials for food packaging applications |
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JP4610686B2 (ja) * | 1999-11-09 | 2011-01-12 | 日塗化学株式会社 | 補修用塗料組成物及び設備補修方法 |
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