CN1903122A - 基于混磁和基于阻抗的位置检测 - Google Patents

基于混磁和基于阻抗的位置检测 Download PDF

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CN1903122A
CN1903122A CNA2006101212633A CN200610121263A CN1903122A CN 1903122 A CN1903122 A CN 1903122A CN A2006101212633 A CNA2006101212633 A CN A2006101212633A CN 200610121263 A CN200610121263 A CN 200610121263A CN 1903122 A CN1903122 A CN 1903122A
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A·戈法里
A·C·阿尔特曼
Y·施沃茨
Y·埃夫拉思
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Abstract

一位置检测系统包括适于导入对象体腔内的探测器。该探测器包括磁场转换器和至少一个探测器电极。控制单元被构成为使用磁场转换器测量探测器的位置坐标。控制单元还测量在至少一个探测器电极和在对象体表上的一个或多个点之间的阻抗。通过使用所测量的位置坐标,控制单元校准所测量的阻抗。

Description

基于混磁和基于阻抗的位置检测
技术领域
本发明通常涉及检测位于活体内一对象的位置,以及更具体地涉及为基于阻抗的位置传感器提供准确参考。
背景技术
对于许多医疗手术来说需要跟踪体内对象,例如传感器、管子、导管、配药设备和植入物的位置。已经根据磁场检测研发了用于确定体内对象位置的良好建立的、准确度高的系统。这些系统利用固定到体内对象的传感器来测量外部产生磁场的相对强度并从这些测量结果得出对象的位置。基于磁的位置检测方法在下述专利中公开,例如授予Ben-Haim的US5,391,199,US5,443,489和US6,788,967;授予Ben-Haim等人的US6,690,963;授予Acker等人的US5,558,091授予Ashe的US6,172,499以及授予Govari的US6,177,792,所有这些专利的公开内容在此引用作为参考。
还已经研发了利用基于阻抗测量的位置检测系统。在这种系统中,测量固定到体内对象的电极和位于体表的电极之间的阻抗。然后系统从阻抗测量结果得出体内对象的位置。基于阻抗的位置检测方法在例如授予Wittkampf的US5,983,126,授予Swanson的US6,456,864以及授予Nardella的US5,944,022中被公开,所有这些专利的公开内容在此引用作为参考。
执行基于阻抗的位置检测通常比执行磁场位置的检测成本低。许多标准导管,例如那些用于电生理绘图和消融的导管已经结合了能被阻抗测量使用的电极。然而,部分由于身体阻抗是非线性的,基于阻抗的位置检测没有基于磁的方法准确。
在此引用其公开内容作为参考的授予Gilboa的US6,574,498描述了一种体内导航方法,该方法依靠电磁技术来确定病人相对于成像设备的位置和方向,同时使用另一技术,例如超声或电阻抗检测技术确定探测器相对病人身体的位置和方向。该方法包括确定探测器相对于第一坐标系和相对于第二坐标系的位置和方向,并确定从第二坐标系到第一坐标系的变化。
在此引用其公开内容作为参考的授予Pfeiffer等人的US5,899,860描述了一种用于确定导管在病人体内位置的方法。通过使导管在体腔内执行已知运动确定校正函数同时根据从导管和远距离定位位置之间发送的位置信号确定导管的位置。随后,根据校正函数校正从所接收位置信号得到的导管位置。
目前可购得的基于磁的位置检测系统包括诸如来自Biosense-Webster(Diamond Bar,CA)的CARTOTM EP导航和消融系统以及LASSOTM圆形绘图导管的专利产品。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供了混合位置检测系统和方法,其结合了磁和电位置检测技术。在这些系统中,磁位置传感器提供用于校准精度低、基于电阻抗测量的准确位置参考。为此目的,将包括磁位置传感器和一个或多个电极的诸如导管的混合探测器用于将磁位置测量结果与基于阻抗的测量结果相关联。这种系统减少了对多个磁位置传感器的需要,并从而有利于提升磁位置检测精度和减少基于阻抗的检测成本。
在本发明的一些实施例中,混合导管位于诸如心室的体腔内。用磁场传感器测量外部施加的磁场,并得到导管的准确位置坐标。还从体表电极施加电流或电压,并测量体表电极和导管电极之间的阻抗。在体腔内的多个位置重复双位置测量以便产生校准图,将阻抗测量结果与由磁场传感器确定的位置坐标相关联。
然后,具有诊断或治疗功能的另外的导管可以被导入体腔内。另外的导管可以与混合导管同时和/或随着混合导管从身体去除被导入。这些另外的导管也结合了类似那些混合导管电极的电极,但不需要包括磁场传感器。将从另外的导管上的电极获得的阻抗测量结果与校准图相关联以便确定这些另外的导管的准确位置坐标。
在本发明的另外的实施例中,混合导管包括可变形部分,例如在导管远端的套索,在可变形部分上带有电极。当导管被稳定保持在一已知构造上(即,当形状不改变)时,采集基于磁和阻抗的测量结果。在这种构造中,每个电极的位置相对于磁传感器被先知。因此在磁位置测量结果的基础上得知电极的位置,并且已知的位置可用于校准在每个电极进行的阻抗测量结果。当导管随后在医疗过程期间被变形时,可以由基于阻抗的方法相对准确地测量电极位置从它们的校准位置的小偏转。
因此,根据本发明的实施例,提供一种位置检测的方法,其包括:
将包括磁场转换器和至少一个探测器电极的探测器导入对象体腔内;
使用磁场转换器测量探测器在体腔内一地点的位置坐标;
测量至少一个探测器电极和一个或多个在对象体表上的点之间的阻抗;以及使用所测量的位置坐标校准所测量的阻抗。
典型地,磁场转换器包括一个或多个线圈。
典型地,测量探测器位置坐标包括产生外部磁场和测量由于外部磁场在磁场转换器中感应的信号。
在一些实施例中,测量位置坐标包括驱动磁场转换器产生磁场并测量由于该磁场在外部磁场传感器中感应的信号。
在另外的实施例中,测量阻抗包括驱动电流在至少一个探测器电极和一个或多个体表电极之间通过身体并响应电流测量阻抗。典型地,驱动电流通过身体包括在至少一个探测器电极和一个或多个体表电极之间保持恒定电压,并且测量阻抗包括测量在恒定电压下的电流。还在另外的实施例中,驱动电流通过身体包括在至少一个探测器电极和一个或多个体表电极之间保持恒定电流,并且测量阻抗包括测量在至少一个探测器电极和一个或多个体表电极之间的电压。
典型地,测量阻抗包括在至少一对体表电极的两端施加电压并在至少一个探测器电极测量压降。
典型地,测量位置坐标包括使用磁场转换器在体腔内的多个地点确定位置坐标,并且测量阻抗包括确定在多个地点的阻抗,并且校准所测量的阻抗包括使用位置坐标和在多个地点所确定的阻抗产生校准图。在另外的实施例中,用于产生校准图的探测器是第一探测器,并且该方法还包括:
将包括至少一个第二探测器电极的第二探测器导入体腔内,以及
测量至少一个第二探测器电极和体表上的一个或多个点之间的阻抗,以及
通过使用校准图校准关于第二探测器电极所测量的阻抗确定第二探测器的第二位置坐标。
典型地,探测器包括磁场转换器位于其中的基础部分和至少一个探测器电极位于其中的可变形部分,可变形部分具有在未变形时已知的形状,并且校准所测量的阻抗包括确定可变形部分相对于基础部分的偏转。在另外的实施例中,确定位移包括测量在变形部分未变形时的第一阻抗和测量当变形部分被偏转时的第二阻抗,并且将第二阻抗和第一阻抗比较以便确定偏转。
根据本发明的实施例,还提供了一种位置检测系统,其包括:
探测器,其包括磁场转换器和至少一个探测器电极并适合导入对象体腔内;以及
控制单元,其被构成为使用磁场转换器测量探测器的位置坐标,并测量在至少一个探测器电极和一个或多个在对象体表上的点之间的阻抗,并使用所测量的位置坐标校准所测量的阻抗。
在一些实施例中,系统包括适合产生外部磁场的外部磁场发生器,该外部磁场导致磁场转换器产生位置信号,并且控制单元被构成为接收和处理位置信号以测量探测器的位置坐标。
典型地,磁场转换器适用于产生磁场,并且系统还包括适合响应磁场产生位置信号的外部磁场传感器。控制单元被构成为接收和处理位置信号以测量探测器的位置坐标。
在一些实施例中,控制单元被构成为在至少一个探测器电极和在一个或多个点的体表电极之间驱动电流,并响应该电流测量阻抗。在另外的实施例中,控制单元被构成为在至少一个探测器电极和体表电极之间保持恒定电压,并测量在恒定电压下的电流。还在另外的实施例中,控制单元被构成为在至少一个探测器电极和体表电极之间保持恒定电流,并测量在至少一个探测器电极和体表电极之间的电压。
典型地,控制单元被构成为跨至少一对体表电极在一个或多个点施加电压,并通过在至少一个探测器电极检测压降来测量阻抗。
在一些实施例中,控制单元被构成为使用磁转换器在体腔内的多个地点确定位置坐标,以及确定在多个地点的阻抗,并产生确定在多个地点的阻抗的校准图。典型地,用于产生校准图的探测器是第一探测器,并且该系统还包括第二探测器,其包括至少一个二探测器电极并适合导入体腔内,并且控制单元被构成为测量在至少一个第二探测器电极和体表上的一个或多个点之间的阻抗,并通过使用校准图校准关于第二探测器电极测量的阻抗确定第二位置坐标。
另外或可选地,探测器包括至少一个探测器电极位于其中的变形部分,和磁场转换器位于其中的基础部分,可变形部分具有在未变形时已知的形状,并且控制单元被构成为校准所测量的阻抗以相对于基础部分确定可变形部分的偏转。在另外的实施例中,控制单元被构成为当可变形部分未变形时测量第一阻抗,以及当可变形部分被偏转时测量第二阻抗,并将第二阻抗与第一阻抗比较以确定探测器的偏转。
附图说明
通过参考附图并阅读后面的本发明实施例的详细说明,将更完整地理解本发明,其中:
图1是根据本发明的实施例,显示包括磁场位置传感器和多个电极的混合导管的远端的具体示意图;
图2是根据本发明的实施例,使用混合导管的位置检测系统的形象示意图;
图3是根据本发明的实施例,在心室内的混合导管的剖面形象示意图,在此该混合导管被用于产生校准图;
图4是根据本发明的实施例,在绘制校准图后位于在心室中的第二导管的剖面形象示意图;
图5是根据本发明的实施例,示意性示出用于产生和应用校准图的方法的流程图;以及
图6是根据本发明的另一实施例的混合导管的形象示意图。
具体实施方式
图1是根据本发明实施例的包括磁场位置传感器22和多个导管电极30、32和34的混合导管20的远端的具体示意图。
磁场传感器22包括三个垂直线圈24、26和28,如本发明的背景技术中引用专利中描述的那样,这些线圈可用于确定导管20在六个位置和方向维度中的坐标。可选地,磁场传感器22可以包括一个或两个线圈或更多个线圈,或者包括除了线圈之外的多个磁场传感器,例如霍耳效应设备或其它天线。在本专利申请和权利要求书的上下文中,这种线圈和其它传感器一般被称作是磁场变换器,并且通常可用于检测磁场或产生磁场。
电极30、32和34可以采用任何合适的形状和尺寸,并也可以用于其它目的,例如电生理检测或消融。
在本发明的实施例中,导管20的远端可以是柔性的,从而一个或多个电极30、32和34的位置可以相对于磁场传感器22的位置偏转。
图2是根据本发明的实施例使用混合导管20的位置检测系统36的形象示意图。如下文所述,系统36可用于确定导管20的位置和形状,也可用于从由导管20产生的测量结果而产生校准图。校准图可用于随后的包括电极但不含磁场传感器的另外的侵入医疗设备的位置检测。
在这个实施例中,导管20用于在对象40的心脏38的室内的侵入过程。可选地,位置系统36可在其它体腔中与类似导管20的混合探测器一起使用。对象40置于例如通过将其置于对象下的包含磁场产生器线圈42的垫板所产生的磁场中。由线圈42产生的磁场在传感器22的线圈24、26和28中产生电信号,指示在磁场中它们的位置和方向。这些信号被传送到控制单元44,该控制单元44分析上述信号以确定导管20的坐标。可选地,磁场传感器22中的线圈可以被驱动以产生磁场,该磁场被线圈42检测。
控制单元44包括一处理器,典型地是带有适当信号处理电路的计算机。处理器连接到驱动控制台52,上述控制台52可以提供导管20位置的可视显示54。
电极30、32和34由线穿过导管20的插入管连接到控制单元44中的阻抗测量电路。控制单元由线连接到体表电极,该体表电极典型包括粘合皮肤片46、48和50。粘合皮肤片46、48和50可置于探测器附近的体表上的任何合适位置。在本发明的可选实施例中,位于体表上的电极数量可变并可采用任何形式,例如由医疗专业人员56操作的皮下探测器或手持设备。
在本发明的实施例中,根据由授予Govari等人于2005年1月7日提交的名称为“Current-based Impedance Measurement”的美国专利申请11/030,934中描述的方法测量体表片和电极30、32及34之间的阻抗,该申请被受让给本发明的受让人并在此引用作为参考。控制单元44驱动电流通过一个或多个电路和介入体组织,每个电路包括导管电极、各自的体表电极。根据欧姆定律,每个电路中电极和粘合片之间的阻抗等于电极之间的电压除以流过该电路的电流。
在本发明的可选实施例中,电压可以跨成对的体表电极被施加,如上述授予Wittkampf的美国专利US5,983,126中所述。测量在导管电极的每个压降以确定相关阻抗。
典型地,系统20包括为清楚起见未在附图中示出的其它元件。例如,系统20可以包括被连接以从一个或多个体表电极接收信号的ECG监视器,从而将ECG同步信号提供到控制单元44。系统还可以包括参考位置传感器,该传感器位于连接对象身体外部的外部施加的参考粘合片上,或位于插入心脏38内并相对于心脏保持在固定位置的内部布置的导管上。通过比较导管20和参考导管的位置,在不考虑心脏运动的情况下,导管20相对心脏的坐标被准确确定。可选地,其它合适方法可用于补偿心脏运动。
图3是根据本发明的实施例,在产生校准图期间,位于心脏38室内的混合导管20的形象示意图。从磁场传感器22接收的信号被用于计算导管在多个地点的位置和方向,并且尤其是根据磁场坐标测量和已知电极相对于传感器22的位移得出在这些地点电极30、32和34的位置坐标。也可以对在不同导管位置的电极30、32和34进行阻抗测量,并且将这些测量结果与由磁位置测量确定的电极位置相关联。以这种方式产生校准图。
图4是根据本发明的实施例在产生校准图期间或之后被插入心脏38的第二导管58的形象示意图。当导管58移动通过心室时,将在导管上的电极60、62和64采集的阻抗测量结果与先前在校准图上的已知位置记录的阻抗测量结果相关联。在这种方式中,导管58的坐标被准确确定,不受对象身体的阻抗的波动和非线性影响。
图5是根据本发明的实施例,如图3和4所示用于产生和应用校准图的方法的流程图。在初始步骤66中,诸如导管20的混合导管被插入心室(或在适当时插入另一体腔)。在磁测量步骤68中,磁场传感器被用于确定导管的位置坐标,并从而得到导管电极的特定位置。然后在阻抗测量步骤70中进行在这些导管电极的阻抗测量。接下来,在关联步骤72中,将阻抗测量结果与在步骤68中确定的电极位置相关联。
在决定步骤74中,基于下一过程的需要作出确定是否已经收集了足够的用于校准图的数据。如果需要更多数据,在定位步骤76中混合导管被移动到心室中的新位置,并且重复步骤68到步骤74。实际上,步骤68和70被连续执行,从而在逐渐移动导管通过待绘图的腔的不同部分时,步骤66到步骤76也可以在连续过程中执行。
一旦已采集了足够的数据,在绘图步骤78产生校准图。典型地,校准图包括由磁检测确定的坐标网格,其带有在网格中每个点记录的一组阻抗测量结果(相对每个体表电极或成对体表电极)。可选地,网格可以被反转,从而校准图指示每组阻抗测量结果的实际、校准位置。
在完成校准图后,导管58和/或另一侵入医疗设备在插入步骤80被插入体腔内。第二导管包括可用于测量阻抗的电极,但该导管典型地缺少磁场传感器。在第二阻抗测量步骤82中,测量在第二导管的电极和体表电极之间的阻抗。在位置检测步骤84中,通过将已测量阻抗与校准图比较确定这些导管电极的位置坐标。基于电极位置,也可以确定第二导管的其它元件的位置。
如图5所示,步骤82和84可以被重复以连续跟踪导管58,直到在完成步骤86中确定过程已完成。
图6是根据本发明的另一实施例的混合导管88的形象示意图。混合导管88包括延伸到弯曲点96的相对刚性基础部分90,并且还包括超出点96的变形柔性部分92。部分92具有已知的固定长度,并包括在体腔内受到压力时,典型可以被扭转但不被拉伸的材料。典型地,部分92具有足够的弹性,从而在没有力施加其上时呈现预定形状,而当施加力时从预定形状被偏转。
在附图所示的实施例中,混合导管88为套索形,其适合沿圆周绘图和消融围绕左心房中的肺静脉开口的区域。这种导管在例如2003年7月29日提交的名称为“Lasso for Pulmonary Vein Mapping and Ablation”的美国专利申请10/629,661中被公开,该申请被受让给本发明的受让人并在此引用作为参考。可选地,参照这种导管描述的本发明的方案也可以被用于其它类型的可偏转导管,例如篮形导管。
磁传感器94被固定在接近点96的导管88的刚性部分90。一个或多个电极98放置在导管的柔性部分92上。电极98适用于如上所述的测量阻抗。另外,一些或所有的电极98也可以适合执行另外的功能,例如检测身体组织的电特性,或执行消融。
当导管88被保持在没有施加外部力的初始位置时,由磁传感器94测量的位置测量结果可用于确定整个导管长度的位置,包括每个电极98的位置。在这个初始位置中,也可以在电极采集阻抗测量,以便校准阻抗测量结果。
当力被施加到柔性部分92时,该部分被变形,从而使电极从它们的校准位置偏转。由于每个电极的偏转相对较小,阻抗测量结果可用于确定由每个电极从其初始位置移动的相对准确量。从而即使仅使用一个磁场传感器,也能够准确确定每个电极的位置,并因此确定导管88的形状。
系统36表现了本发明的一实施例,这是因为它可以用在用于心脏状况的诊断或治疗的基于导管的手术,例如心律不齐中。系统36也可用于血管内疾病的诊断或治疗,其可以包括血管成形术或粥样硬化斑切除术(atherectomy)。系统36的原理也可以作必要的修正被用于位置检测系统,该位置检测系统用于诊断和/或治疗其它身体结构,例如脑、脊柱、骨骼关节、膀胱、胃肠道、衰竭(prosrtrate)以及子宫。
因而应当理解,上述实施例以举例方式描述,并且本发明不限于在上面已经被特别示出和描述的内容。相反,本发明的范围包括上述各种特征的组合和二次组合,以及包括本领域普通技术人员在阅读前面说明的基础上进行的和现有技术未公开的其变化和变更。

Claims (24)

1.一种用于位置检测的方法,包括:
将包括磁场转换器和至少一个探测器电极的探测器导入对象体腔内;
使用磁场转换器测量所述探测器在体腔内一地点的位置坐标;
测量至少一个探测器电极和一个或多个在对象体表上的点之间的阻抗;以及
使用所测量的位置坐标校准所测量的阻抗。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述磁场转换器包括一个或多个线圈。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中测量所述探测器的所述位置坐标包括产生外部磁场和测量由于所述外部磁场在所述磁场转换器中感应的信号。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中测量所述位置坐标包括驱动所述磁场转换器以产生磁场并测量由于该磁场在外部磁场传感器中感应的信号。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中测量阻抗包括驱动电流在所述至少一个探测器电极和所述一个或多个体表电极之间通过身体并响应所述电流测量阻抗。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其中驱动电流通过身体包括在所述至少一个探测器电极和所述一个或多个体表电极之间保持恒定电压,并且其中测量阻抗包括测量在所述恒定电压下的电流。
7.根据权利要求5的方法,其中驱动电流通过身体包括在所述至少一个探测器电极和所述一个或多个体表电极之间保持恒定电流,并且其中测量阻抗包括测量所述至少一个探测器电极和所述一个或多个体表电极之间的电压。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其中测量阻抗包括施加跨至少一对体表电极的电压并在所述至少一个探测器电极测量压降。
9.根据权利要求1的方法,其中测量所述位置坐标包括使用所述磁场转换器在体腔内的多个地点确定所述位置坐标,并且其中测量阻抗包括确定在所述多个地点的阻抗,并且其中所述校准所测量的阻抗包括使用所述位置坐标和在所述多个地点所确定的所述阻抗产生校准图。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其中用于产生校准图的所述探测器是第一探测器,并且其中该方法还包括:
将包括至少一个第二探测器电极的第二探测器导入体腔内,以及
测量所述至少一个第二探测器电极和所述体表上的一个或多个点之间的阻抗,以及
通过使用校准图校准关于所述第二探测器电极所测量的阻抗确定所述第二探测器的第二位置坐标。
11.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述探测器包括所述磁场转换器位于其中的基础部分和所述至少一个探测器电极位于其中的可变形部分,所述可变形部分具有在未变形时已知的形状,并且其中所述校准所测量的阻抗包括确定所述可变形部分相对于所述基础部分的偏转。
12.根据权利要求11的方法,其中确定位移包括测量在所述变形部分未变形时的第一阻抗和测量当所述变形部分被偏转时的第二阻抗,并且将所述第二阻抗和所述第一阻抗比较以便确定偏转。
13.一种位置检测系统,包括:
探测器,其包括磁场转换器和至少一个探测器电极并适合导入对象体腔内;以及
控制单元,其被构成为使用所述磁场转换器测量所述探测器的位置坐标,并测量所述至少一个探测器电极和所述一个或多个在对象体表上的点之间的阻抗,并使用所测量的位置坐标校准所测量的阻抗。
14.根据权利要求13的系统,其中所述磁场转换器包括一个或多个线圈。
15.根据权利要求13的系统,还包括适合产生外部磁场的外部磁场发生器,该外部磁场导致所述磁场转换器产生位置信号,其中所述控制单元被构成为接收和处理所述位置信号以测量所述探测器的所述位置坐标。
16.根据权利要求13的系统,其中所述磁场转换器适用于产生磁场,并且其中所述系统还包括适合响应磁场产生位置信号的外部磁场传感器,并且其中所述控制单元被构成为接收和处理所述位置信号以测量所述探测器的所述位置坐标。
17.根据权利要求13的系统,其中控制单元被构成为在所述至少一个探测器电极和在所述一个或多个点的体表电极之间驱动电流,并响应该电流测量阻抗。
18.根据权利要求17的系统,其中所述控制单元被构成为在所述至少一个探测器电极和所述体表电极之间保持恒定电压,并测量在所述恒定电压下的电流。
19.根据权利要求17的系统,其中所述控制单元被构成为在所述至少一个探测器电极和所述体表电极之间保持恒定电流,并测量在所述至少一个探测器电极和所述体表电极之间的电压。
20.根据权利要求13的系统,其中所述控制单元被构成为跨至少一对体表电极在所述一个或多个点施加电压,并通过在所述至少一个探测器电极检测压降来测量阻抗。
21.根据权利要求13的系统,其中所述控制单元被构成为使用所述磁转换器在体腔内的多个地点确定所述位置坐标,以及确定在所述多个地点的所述阻抗,并产生确定在所述多个地点的所述阻抗的校准图。
22.根据权利要求21的系统,其中用于产生所述校准图的所述探测器是第一探测器,并且其中该系统还包括第二探测器,其包括至少一个第二探测器电极并适合导入所述体腔内,以及
其中所述控制单元被构成为测量至少一个第二探测器电极和所述体表上的一个或多个点之间的阻抗,并通过使用所述校准图校准关于所述第二探测器电极测量的所述阻抗确定第二探测器电极的第二位置坐标。
23.根据权利要求13的系统,其中所述探测器包括所述至少一个探测器电极位于其中的变形部分,和所述磁场转换器位于其中的基础部分,所述可变形部分具有在未变形时已知的形状,以及
其中所述控制单元被构成为校准所测量的阻抗以确定所述可变形部分相对于所述基础部分的偏转。
24.根据权利要求23的系统,其中所述控制单元被构成为当所述可变形部分未变形时测量第一阻抗,并且当所述可变形部分被偏转时测量第二阻抗,并将所述第二阻抗与所述第一阻抗比较以确定所述探测器的偏转。
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