CN1900504B - 车辆及控制车辆发动机的方法 - Google Patents

车辆及控制车辆发动机的方法 Download PDF

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CN1900504B
CN1900504B CN2006100902985A CN200610090298A CN1900504B CN 1900504 B CN1900504 B CN 1900504B CN 2006100902985 A CN2006100902985 A CN 2006100902985A CN 200610090298 A CN200610090298 A CN 200610090298A CN 1900504 B CN1900504 B CN 1900504B
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engine
motor
vehicle
parameter
state
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CN1900504A (zh
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帕特·史密斯伯格
克里斯托弗·李尔
苏珊·斯图伯尔
道格拉斯·马丁
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/0015Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for using exhaust gas sensors
    • F02D35/0023Controlling air supply
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/16Introducing closed-loop corrections for idling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/18Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423Torque
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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    • B60W2710/0605Throttle position
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    • B60W2710/06Combustion engines, Gas turbines
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D2200/503Battery correction, i.e. corrections as a function of the state of the battery, its output or its type
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D43/00Conjoint electrical control of two or more functions, e.g. ignition, fuel-air mixture, recirculation, supercharging or exhaust-gas treatment
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Ignition Timing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种控制具有变速器的车辆的发动机的方法。该方法利用前馈控制来确定选择空档变速器齿轮的时间,当确定已选择了空档变速器齿轮时,根据至少一种预定状态来调节发动机参数以控制发动机运转。该至少一种预定状态包括在一预定范围之外的例如为电池电荷状态的车辆参数值。

Description

车辆及控制车辆发动机的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆及控制车辆发动机的方法。
背景技术
车辆发动机可能经受各种负荷状态,其中有一些负荷状态是基于车辆内系统的运转,而非驱动车辆本身所产生。所以,车辆内空调系统的运转就可能给发动机提供额外的负荷。例如,发动机可能机械驱动空调的压缩机,或者可能驱动交流发电机,给压缩机运转增加电能。
当发动机用来向电池充电用的交流发电机或发电机提供扭矩时,也可能给其加载额外的负荷。在例如混合电动车(HEV)中使用的具有高存储容量的高压电池情况下,发动机所承载的这种负荷就可能特别高。在一个或多个车辆系统向发动机施加负荷的情况下,就可能需要调节一项或多项发动机参数来增加发动机输出。例如,增加供给发动机的空气流量,能用来增加发动机输出扭矩,以提供车辆系统所需的必要能量。
在发动机的负荷增加时,除非有控制系统来补偿所增加的负荷,发动机速度就可能发生变化。1998年1月27日授予上田(Ueda)的第5,712,786号美国专利披露了一例对发动机怠速进行控制的实例。上田的方法和装置是设计用来补偿发动机空转时电负荷的突然增加的。在获得将由发电机输出的电负荷电流值后,流入发动机的空气会根据所获得的电流值相应增加。这种控制系统用来使发动机空转速度保持大致恒定。上田披露的这种方法和装置的一个局限性在于需要快速检测所增加的电负荷的应用,这样控制系统才能快速做出反应来维持发动机的空转速度。这种系统依据的是反馈控制,与前馈控制相比,它的反应速度较慢。
在许多车辆中,车辆系统向发动机施加的负荷与车辆本身的运转是相对独立的。例如,无论车辆是在静止还是在行驶中,或者变速器是在前进档、倒档还是空档齿轮时,向发动机施加负荷的空调系统都会施加这样的负荷。但是,在有些车辆中,发动机负荷就可能直接取决于车辆工作状态。例如,在混合电动车,或者其他未在发动机与车轮之间使用分离式离合器的车辆中,在变速器换到空档时可以解除发动机所承载的部分或全部负荷。在帮助确保变速器在空档时发动机能有所选择地向车轮输出扭矩方面,这可能是比较理想的方案。如果在换到空档前,发动机正处于超高负荷状态,那么解除负荷时,即变速器换到空档时,发动机速度可能会突然增加。虽然使用反馈控制系统有可能补偿发动机负荷的解除,但是发动机速度在进行调节前,可能就已提高到所不期望的较高值。
因此,需要有一种使用前馈控制的控制系统在发生情况时来快速调节促使改变发动机负荷状态的发动机工作参数。
发明内容
本发明的一项优点是提供了一种使用前馈控制的控制系统,该前馈控制不用等到发动机状态改变,即可调节发动机参数。
本发明的另一项优点是提供了一种能根据所检测的情况,对发动机运转进行预应控制的控制系统。
本发明还提供了一种对具有变速器的车辆的发动机进行控制的方法。该方法包括确定选择空档变速器齿轮的时间,以及确定车辆参数值。当确定已选择了空档变速器齿轮时,根据至少一种预定状态来调节发动机参数以控制发动机的运转。该至少一种预定状态包括在一预定范围之外的车辆参数值。
本发明进一步提供了一种对具有能选择性地向发动机施加负荷的车辆系统的车辆的发动机进行控制的方法。该方法包括确定发动机负荷的相关参数。该方法还包括检测促使解除车辆系统施加于发动机的负荷的情况。当检测到这种情况并且其符合至少一种预定状态时,对发动机参数进行调节以控制发动机的运转。该至少一种预定状态包括在一预定范围之外的车辆参数值。
本发明还提供一种具有车轮的车辆,其包括发动机和能够向发动机施加负荷的车辆系统。车辆内设有变速器,用来将扭矩传递给至少一个车轮。包括至少一个控制器的控制系统与发动机及变速器进行信息传输。该控制系统用来接收指示发动机负荷的车辆参数的相关信号。该控制系统还用来确定选择空档变速器齿轮的时间,当确定已经选择了空档变速器齿轮而且车辆参数值在预定范围之外时,调节发动机参数来控制发动机的运转。
附图说明
图1是本发明的示例性车辆动力系统的示意图;
图2是表示本发明的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的车辆10的示意图。车辆10包括发动机12和电机或发电机14。发动机12和发电机通过动力传递单元连在一起,本实施例中,该动力传递单元是行星齿轮组16。当然,其他类型的包括其他齿轮组与变速器在内的动力传递单元也可以用来连接发动机12与发电机14。行星齿轮组包括内齿圈18、行星架20、行星齿轮22和太阳轮24。
发电机14还能用作电动机,向与太阳轮24连接的轴26输出扭矩。同样,发动机12向与行星架20连接的轴28输出扭矩。车辆设有制动器30,用来使轴26停止旋转,从而锁定太阳轮24。由于这种构造允许从发电机14向发动机12传递扭矩,因此设有单向离合器32,使轴28只向一个方向旋转。如图1所示,发电机14可操控地连接到发动机12上,使发动机12的速度由发电机14来控制。
内齿圈18和通过第二齿轮组38与车辆驱动轮36连接的轴34相连。车辆10包括第二电机或电动机40,能用来向轴42输出扭矩。本发明范围内的其他车辆可以有不同的电机配置,如两个以上或少于两个电机。在图1所示的实施例中,电动机40和发电机14都能用作电动机来输出扭矩。另外,它们每个也都能用作发电机,向高压母线44和储能装置或电池46供电。
电池46是能输出电力来操控电动机40和发电机14的高压电池。车辆如车辆10中也能使用其他类型的储能装置和/或能量输出装置。例如,可以使用例如电容器的装置,它与高压电池类似,既能储存电能,也能输出电能。另外,还能使用例如燃料电池的装置,与电池和/或电容器一起为车辆10提供电能。
如图1所示,电动机40、发电机14、行星齿轮组16和一部分第二齿轮组38可通称为变速驱动桥48。该变速驱动桥48类似于传统车辆中的变速器。所以,当驾车者选择了一个特定的齿轮时,变速驱动桥48就会受到适当控制以提供被选择的那个齿轮。为控制发动机12和变速驱动桥48的组件,如发电机14与电动机40,车辆设有包括控制器50的控制系统。如图1所示,控制器50是一个组合式车辆系统控制器与动力控制模块(VSC/PCM),虽然图中所示为单硬件装置,但它可以包括多硬件形式的多控制器,或者一个或多个硬件装置内的多个软件控制器。
控制器局域网(CAN)52可供VSC/PCM50与变速驱动桥48及电池控制模式(BCM)54之间进行通信。正如电池46具有BCM54一样,其他由VSC/PCM50控制的装置也可以有各自的控制器。例如,发动机控制单元(ECU)可以与VSC/PCM50进行通信,并且可以行使控制发动机12的功能。另外,变速驱动桥48可以包括一个或多个控制器,如变速驱动桥控制模块(TCM),其用来控制变速驱动桥48例如发电机14和/或电动机40内的特定组件。一些或所有这些控制器可以是用于本发明的控制系统的一部分。
除了从变速驱动桥48输入外,VSC/PCM50可以包括从其他车辆系统的输入。例如,图1中还示出了变速器变速杆56,它将司机所选的齿轮信息——例如,停车、空档、前进或者倒档传输给VSC/PCM50。虽然图1所示的车辆10是一辆混合动力车,但是应该明白,本发明涵盖其他类型的包括传统的单纯发动机动力车在内的车辆的应用。另外,虽然图1所示的车辆10是串并联混合动力车,但是本发明并不限于具有这种“动力分割”构造的混合动力车。
如上所述,某些类型的车辆可以使发动机负荷状态根据车辆的工作状态发生变化。例如,发电机14可以根据车辆10内各种系统的要求,向发动机12提供反扭矩。例如,如果确定电池46的电荷状态(state of charge,SOC)低于某预定值,为给电池46充电,发电机14可以向发动机12提供较大的反扭矩。与发动机12进行通信的VSC/PCM50、变速驱动桥48以及BCM54能根据从BCM54接收的信号来确定SOC,继而向发电机14和发动机12发出指令,使电池46适当充电。其他车辆系统可以增加发动机负荷,例如开启空调系统(图中未表示)就能使负荷增加。在这些情况下,VSC/PCM50会检测负荷应用的指示信号,并发出适当的指令,来确保向必要系统提供足够的动力。
如图1所示,车辆10不包括可完全将发动机输出与车轮36隔断的分离式离合器。可以使用各种控制系统和方法,确保变速驱动桥48换到空档齿轮时,车轮36接收不到发动机12输出的扭矩。2004年12月16日公布的、公布号为2004/0254045、名称为“控制车辆发动机空转的系统和方法”的美国专利申请就披露了这样的一种系统和方法,现将其引用于此以作参考。
变速驱动桥48换到空档齿轮时,这种系统会检测并使用发电机14来抵消发动机12输出的扭矩。另外,还能控制发电机14不向发动机12提供反扭矩,这样发动机12输出的所有扭矩都用来使可自由旋转的发电机14旋转。在变速驱动桥48换到空档时,使用后一控制系统会有效解除发动机12所受的所有外部负荷。如上所述,在没有任何额外的控制系统时,发动机12的速度可以达到所不期望的高速。
如上所述,这种能用来在这样一种情况下调节发动机速度的控制系统是一种反馈系统,它会先测量发动机速度,将其与某预定的发动机速度范围比较,然后根据计算出的速度误差来进行调节。可以将这种系统程序编制到例如VSC/PCM50的控制器内,并在本发明的实施例中使用。另外,本发明还提供一种能对发动机负荷状态的潜在变化做出更快捷反应的前馈控制系统。例如,图2为示出本发明一个实施例的高层次流程图。在开始时,要注意到虽然流程图58所示的各种步骤显示为按时间顺序发生,但是至少有一些步骤可能按不同的顺序发生,而且有一些步骤可能同时进行。
如图2所示,第一步骤60是检测到空档齿轮的切换。检测结果能通过变速器变速杆56传输给VSC/PCM50,或者可以直接检测变速驱动桥48提供给VSC/PCM50的信号。值得注意的是,虽然步骤60具体地提到检测到空档齿轮的切换,但是本发明涵盖检测任何可能促使解除一个或多个车辆系统加载到发动机例如发动机12上的部分或所有负荷的情况。
步骤62为确定电池电荷状态。电池电荷状态用来指示发动机负荷。例如,如果电荷状态低于某个值,如45%,发电机14可以向发动机12施加额外的负荷,来为电池46充电。反之,如果电荷状态高于某个值,发动机12可以在低负荷下工作,使得电池46不会过度充电。这样,BCM54能向VSC/PCM50提供一个或多个与指示发动机12负荷的电荷状态相关的信号。
值得注意的是,电池电荷状态只是本发明可能用到的一个车辆参数。例如,能根据车辆10及车辆内各种系统的要求,操控发电机14向发动机12提供或多或少的反扭矩。这样,提供给发电机14的扭矩指令就可能是用作发动机负荷指标的车辆参数。当然,这只是两个VSC/PCM50所使用的作为发动机负荷指标的车辆参数的例子。
在决定方框64,确定电荷状态是否低于第一预定电荷状态。另一种检测电荷状态的方法是电荷状态是否在某预定范围之外。例如,如果电荷状态的预定范围是45-50%,则如果电荷状态低于45%的电荷状态,那它就在这一范围之外。当然,这些值只是用来解释说明,根据本发明的实施情况可以使用不同的数值。例如,可以设一个滑动尺度,当电池电荷状态下降时,发动机12的负荷相应增加。而且,电池电荷状态达到某个值后,发动机负荷可以根据滑动尺度下降,来确保电池46不会过度充电。这样,不管电池电荷状态如何,发动机12都会受到影响,不过在某一选定的中间范围,为了本发明的目的,发动机负荷所受影响可以小到忽略不计。
继续参照图2,图中显示如果电荷状态低于预定值,步骤66中提供给发动机12的空气量会减少。如上所述,方法58中所示的方法并不一定按时间顺序进行。例如,VSC/PCM50可以定期从BCM54获得有关电池电荷状态的最新情况。所以,一旦在步骤60检测到空档齿轮的切换,VSC/PCM50就能立即做出反应,例如参见步骤66,这样,就可提供不要求发动机速度在进行调节前超出预定范围之外的真正的前馈控制。
在决定框64中,如果确定电荷状态不低于第一预定值,那么就在决定框68中确定电荷状态是否高于第二预定值。如上所述,第一和第二预定值可以设定为一个最佳的电荷状态范围,如45-50%。如果确定电池电荷状态高于第二预定值,VSC/PCM50就发出指令,来增加流入发动机12的空气量,见步骤70。如上所述,施加于发动机12的负荷在电荷状态相对高时可以减小,使得电池46不会过度充电。一旦变速驱动桥48换到空档,当发电机14能够自由旋转时,发动机12的额外负荷或减小后的负荷就被解除。这样,在换到空档后,就可以要求增加流入发动机12的空气,使燃烧维持稳定。
值得注意的是,步骤66和70中分别谈到的空气流量的减少或增加只是表示能根据本发明受到调节的一种类型的发动机参数。例如,可能调节发动机12的点火正时或者供给发动机12的燃料量,而不是调节空气流量,或者能根据需要来共同调节一个以上这样的参数。另外,在直喷式发动机的情况下,可以调节燃料喷射正时,来影响所需的发动机控制。
继续参照图2,图中显示如果在决定框68中确定电荷状态不高于预定值,控制系统则回复到反馈控制,如步骤72所示。反馈控制也是发动机参数在例如步骤66或步骤70中被调节后使用的默认系统。在发动机控制返回到步骤72所示的反馈控制系统之前,用于调节一个或多个发动机参数的前馈控制系统可以持续预定的时间,见步骤66和步骤70。而且,反馈控制可以用来控制某些不如电池电荷状态对发动机12的影响那么显著的发动机负荷状态。步骤72所示反馈控制可以按上述流程来实施,其中VSC/PCM50监控发动机的速度,并根据某些速度误差,如发动机速度在预定范围之外时,来进行调节。
尽管这里详细说明了本发明的最佳实施方式,但是本发明所属技术领域的技术人员会想到各种可变通的设计和实施例来实施由权利要求所限定的本发明。

Claims (20)

1.一种控制具有变速器的车辆的发动机的方法,该方法包括:
检测到空档变速器齿轮的切换;
确定车辆参数值;以及
当检测到空档变速器齿轮的切换时,根据至少一种预定状态来调节发动机参数以控制发动机的运转,该至少一种预定状态包括在一预定范围之外的车辆参数值,从而提供不基于发动机速度的前馈控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是该车辆进一步包括向至少一个车辆组件供应电力的电池,其中车辆参数为电池的电荷状态,调节发动机参数包括调节流入发动机的空气量。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征是至少一种预定状态包括低于第一预定电荷状态的电池电荷状态,调节发动机参数包括减少流入发动机的空气量。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征是至少一种预定状态包括高于第二预定电荷状态的电池电荷状态,调节发动机参数包括增加流入发动机的空气量。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是该车辆进一步包括根据收到的扭矩指令可选择性地向发动机提供反扭矩的电机,其中车辆参数为发给电机的扭矩指令,至少一种预定状态包括发给电机的高于预定扭矩指令的扭矩指令。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是调节发动机参数包括调节发动机点火正时、供给发动机的燃料量或者燃料喷射正时中的至少一种参数。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是进一步包括:
选择空档变速器齿轮后,确定发动机的速度;以及
当检测到发动机速度在预定发动机速度范围之外时,调节发动机速度,从而提供反馈控制。
8.一种对具有能选择性地向发动机施加负荷的车辆系统的车辆的发动机进行控制的方法,该方法包括:
确定发动机负荷的相关车辆参数;
检测促使解除车辆系统施加于发动机的负荷的情况;以及
当检测到上述情况并且其符合至少一种预定状态时,对发动机参数进行调节以控制发动机的运转,该至少一种预定状态包括在一预定范围之外的车辆参数值,从而提供不基于发动机速度的前馈控制。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征是该车辆进一步包括变速器,其中促使解除车辆系统施加于发动机的负荷的情况是选择空档变速器齿轮。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征是该车辆系统包括根据收到的至少一部分扭矩指令可选择性地向发动机施加负荷的电机,其中发动机负荷的相关车辆参数为发给电机的扭矩指令,至少一种预定状态包括发给电机的高于预定扭矩指令的扭矩指令。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征是该车辆进一步包括电池和包括用来向发动机施加负荷以便于电池充电的电机的车辆系统,其中发动机负荷的相关车辆参数为电池的电荷状态。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征是至少一种预定状态包括低于第一预定电荷状态的电池电荷状态,调节发动机参数包括减少流入发动机的空气量。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征是至少一种预定状态包括高于第二预定电荷状态的电池电荷状态,调节发动机参数包括增加流入发动机的空气量。
14.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征是调节发动机参数包括调节发动机点火正时、供给发动机的燃料量或者燃料喷射正时中的至少一种参数。
15.一种具有车轮的车辆,其包括:
发动机;
能向发动机施加负荷的车辆系统;
设置用来将扭矩传递给至少一个车轮的变速器;以及
包括至少一个控制器的控制系统,该控制系统与发动机及变速器进行信息传输,并用来:
接收指示发动机负荷的车辆参数的相关信号,
确定选择空档变速器齿轮的时间,
当确定已选择了空档变速器齿轮而且车辆参数值在预定范围之外时,调节发动机参数以控制发动机的运转,从而提供不基于发动机速度的前馈控制。
16.根据权利要求15所述的车辆,其特征是该车辆进一步包括向至少一个车辆组件供应电力的电池,其中发动机负荷的相关车辆参数为电池的电荷状态,调节发动机参数包括调节流入发动机的空气量。
17.根据权利要求16所述的车辆,其特征是当电池电荷状态低于第一预定电荷状态时,车辆参数值在预定范围之外,调节发动机参数包括减少流入发动机的空气量。
18.根据权利要求16所述的车辆,其特征是当电池电荷状态高于第二预定电荷状态时,车辆参数值在预定范围之外,调节发动机参数包括增加流入发动机的空气量。
19.根据权利要求15所述的车辆,其特征是车辆系统包括根据收到的扭矩指令可选择性地向发动机提供反扭矩的电机,其中车辆参数为发给电机的扭矩指令,当发给电机的扭矩指令高于预定扭矩指令时,车辆参数值在预定范围之外。
20.根据权利要求15所述的车辆,其特征是选择空档变速器齿轮之后,控制系统进一步设置用来确定发动机的速度,并且当所检测的发动机速度在预定的发动机速度范围之外时,调节发动机的速度,从而提供反馈控制。
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