CN1894474A - 声学隔音材料及其制造方法 - Google Patents

声学隔音材料及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1894474A
CN1894474A CNA2004800325949A CN200480032594A CN1894474A CN 1894474 A CN1894474 A CN 1894474A CN A2004800325949 A CNA2004800325949 A CN A2004800325949A CN 200480032594 A CN200480032594 A CN 200480032594A CN 1894474 A CN1894474 A CN 1894474A
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凯文·J·苏雷斯
马克·U·波拉特
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    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
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    • E04B1/74Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
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Abstract

一种改善的声阻尼墙(天花板或地板)或门材料包括层状结构,该层状结构具有作为其主要部分的一个或多个粘弹性材料层和一个或多个抑制层,该粘弹性材料还起到胶的作用,该抑制层如金属、纤维素、木材、或基于石油的产品如塑料、乙烯基树脂、塑料或橡胶。在一个实施方式中,标准的墙板,典型地为石膏,构成该层状结构的外表面;且在石膏外部之间制造一个或多个抑制层。所得的结构改善传播通过该结构的声音的衰减。

Description

声学隔音材料及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及声阻尼材料,且特别地,涉及新型层状结构的隔音材料,其显著改善墙、天花板、地板和门的隔音能力,由此防止声音从一个区域传播到另一区域。
背景技术
噪音正在成为经济和公共政策的问题。对于很多目的,需要隔音的房间。例如,公寓、旅馆和学校都需要具有使声音的传播最小化的墙、天花板和地板的房间,由此避免打扰在邻近房间中的人。在邻近公共运输如公路、机场和铁路线的建筑、以及剧场、家庭剧场、音乐练习室、录音室等中,隔音是特别重要的。使该问题严重的一个措施是城市建筑条例的普遍出现,其规定最小传声等级(“STC”)级别。另一措施是私房屋主与建筑商之间关于不可接受的噪音问题的诉讼的广泛出现。对于美国经济的损害,这两个问题已导致主要建筑商拒绝在某些市区建造住宅、住户共有公寓(condo)和公寓住宅;并导致对于建筑商的责任保险的普遍取消。
过去,墙一般由墙筋(stud)与在墙筋的两个外表面上的干式墙和通常置于墙筋之间的试图减小从一个房间向邻近房间的声音传播的隔板或板构成。不幸的是,使用标准干式墙的即使最好的这种墙仅能减小声传播约30db,且所减小的大多集中在中频段和高频率,而不是导致大部分控诉和诉讼的较低频率。
各种技术和产品已出现以减轻这个问题,例如:用钢墙筋代替木墙筋;用于使干式墙板从墙筋偏移和分离的弹性沟道(resilient channel);惯性负载(mass-loaded)的乙烯基树脂(vinyl)障碍物;纤维素共鸣板;纤维素和玻璃纤维毛毡(batt)隔层;和技术如交错-梁和双重-梁构造。这些均有助于减少噪音的传播,但是,还没减小到这样的程度,使得防止在给定房间中的某些声音(例如,较低频率、高分贝)传播到邻近的房间,包括上面或下面的房间。商购产品的简短回顾表明许多年来在这些技术和工艺中有很少的创新。
因此,所需要的是新材料和新的构造方法,以减小从给定房间到相邻房间的声音传播。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供新的层状物及相关的制造方法,其显著改善墙、天花板、地板或门的能力,以减小从一个房间向邻近房间、或从房间外部向内部、或从房间内部向外部的声音传播。
该材料包括几种不同材料的叠层。根据一个实施方式,用于代替干式墙的层状物包括两个选定厚度的石膏板外层的夹层结构,该每个石膏板使用吸声粘合剂胶合到内部抑制层(constraining layer),如金属、纤维素(例如,木材)或基于石油的产品如乙烯基树脂、复合塑料或橡胶。在一个实施方式中,抑制层包括选定厚度的镀锌钢,且胶层为特定厚度的特别配制的QuietGlue,其为粘弹性材料。形成在两个石膏板的内表面上的胶层各自为约1/16英寸厚,且镀锌钢为0.005-0.5英寸厚。在一个例子中,使用1/16”的胶层和30号(gauge)镀锌钢构成的4英尺×8英尺板与约75磅的同样厚度的典型干式墙的重量相比,重约108磅,具有约5/8英寸的总厚度且具有约38的STC。使用该特定材料的双面标准构造将得到约58的STC。结果为,与使用标准商购的干式墙的传播噪音的30db减小相比,传播通过墙的噪音减小为约60db。
在一个实施方式中,镀锌钢金属层优选未加油(oiled)且具有规则的填泥料(spackle)。即使获得的产品包含镀锌钢中心片,其也可用具有木锯条(blade)的标准手锯切割,但不能像普通干式墙一样划线(scribe)和破碎。
本发明的另一实施方式使用附加的材料层且为非对称的。两个外部石膏板具有直接相邻的它们的安静胶(quiet glue)的面层(face layer),随后两个金属层,随后两个附加的胶层,和然后层压木板的中心片(在一个实施方式中,用于胶合板的类型的层压木板层)。该结构的总完成厚度可变化,但附加的两个金属层导致通过该材料的声音衰减的显著增加。
本发明的层压板使用独特的能够基本吸收声音和振动的胶以及一个或多个抑制层(constraining layer),其减小声音从材料的一层向相邻层的可传递性。抑制层可为金属、纤维素、木材、塑料复合物、乙烯基树脂或其他多孔或半多孔材料。与使用标准干式墙获得的声音衰减相比,该获得的声音衰减显著改善。
附图说明
根据附图以及以下详细描述,将更充分的理解本发明。
图1展示了根据本发明制造的用于减小声音传输通过该材料的层状结构。
图2展示了包含九(9)层能够显著减小声音传输通过的材料的层状结构的第二实施方式。
图3和4展示了本发明的能够减小声音传输通过该材料的可选择的实施方式。
图5-10展示了对本发明若干实施方式的声音衰减测试结果。
具体实施方式
以下详细描述仅是示例性的而非限制性的。鉴于该描述,对于本领域技术人员来说,本发明的其他实施方式如外层和内层材料的数量、种类、厚度和放置顺序是显而易见的。
用于生产这种层状板的方法考虑许多因素:胶的准确的化学组成;胶和层压材料的各种对称和非对称的厚度;压制过程;干燥和减湿过程。
图1展示了本发明一个实施方式的层状结构。在图1中,将以所示的水平定向的结构从顶部到底部描述在该结构中的层。但是,应当理解,本发明的层状结构当置于垂直的墙和门上时将垂直地定向,以及当置于天花板和地板时将水平地或甚至以角度定向。因此,对于顶层和底层的参考应理解为仅是指如图1中定向的这些层且不在该结构的垂直使用范围内。在图1中,顶层11由标准石膏材料构成,且在一个实施方式中为1/4英寸厚。当然,许多其他组合和厚度可根据需要用于任意层。厚度仅由获得的层状结构所需的声衰减(即,STC等级)和由获得结构的重量限定,对于其预期的应用,该获得结构的重量将限制工人在墙、天花板、地板和门上安装该薄片层的能力。
在顶层11中的石膏板典型地使用标准的公知技术制造且因此不描述用于制造石膏板的方法。接着,胶层12(称作“QGquiet glueTM”)在石膏板11的底部上。由独特的粘弹性聚合物制成的胶12具有这样的性质:当被包围层约束时,冲击该胶的声音中的能量将被该胶显著吸收,由此减小在宽的频谱内的声音的振幅,且因此减小传输通过该获得的层状结构的声音的能量。一般,该胶由如表1中阐明的材料制成,尽管具有如在下表1中直接阐明的特性的其他胶也可用于本发明。
                                          表1
                                  Quiet GlueTM化学组成
  组分   重量%
  最小   最大
  乙醛丙烯酸酯聚合物丙烯腈氨双(1-羟基-2-吡啶硫代硫酸根合(pyridinethionato))锌丙烯酸丁酯   0.00001%33.00000%0.00001%0.00100%   0.00010%65.00000%0.00100%0.01000%
  0.01000%0.00100%   0.10000%0.10000%
  丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸丙烯酸2-羟乙酯聚合物CI颜料黄14丙烯酸乙酯丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸、与乙基-2-丙烯酯(propenoate)的聚合物甲醛疏水二氧化硅石蜡油聚合物分散剂三聚磷酸钾二氧化硅碳酸钠硬脂酸、铝盐表面活性剂乙酸乙烯酯水锌化合物   5.00000%0.01000%0.00001%1.00000%0.00100%0.00100%0.10000%0.00100%0.00000%0.00100%0.01000%0.00100%0.00100%0.10000%25.00000%0.00100%   15.00000%0.02000%0.00010%5.00000%0.01000%0.01000%1.00000%0.01000%0.00200%0.10000%0.10000%0.10000%0.10000%1.00000%40.00000%0.10000%
QuietGlue的物理固态特性包括:
1)低于室温的宽的玻璃化转变温度;
2)橡胶的机械响应典型(即,高断裂伸长率、低弹性模量);
3)在室温下的强剥离强度;
4)在室温下的弱剪切强度;
5)在有机溶剂(例如,四氢呋喃、甲醇)中溶胀;
6)不溶于水(溶胀不良);
7)在干冰的温度下容易从基底剥离。
在胶层12后是金属层13。在一个实施方式中,金属层13为30号(gauge)的.013英寸厚的镀锌钢。当然,如果需要的话,可使用其他标准规格的镀锌钢以及甚至其他金属。例如,如果需要的话,还可使用铝,其可为特种金属(specialty metal)如超轻型钛板和包括铝和钛的叠层的金属的层压层。重要的是,镀锌钢(如果使用的话)为非加油的且具有规则的填泥料。需要非加油以确保QuietGlue层12将粘附到金属层13的顶面,且在金属层13底部上的相邻的QuietGlue层14也将粘附到刨光的(surfaced)金属13上。规则的填泥料确保金属在其整个面积上具有均匀的性质。
接着,以对于金属层13的底部上的覆盖和厚度的仔细控制的方式放置胶层14。胶层14还是吸收声音且一般与胶层12材料相同的粘弹性材料。最后,将石膏板层15置于该结构的底部,且以对于均匀的压力(磅/平方英寸)、温度和时间的受控的方式小心压制。
最后,将该组件减湿和干燥以让该板干燥,典型地进行四十八(48)小时。
典型地,但不总是,石膏板层11和15包含纤维以减小收缩,使得获得的层状结构满足防火规范。典型的防火规范需要能够耐受火焰高达一小时的墙结构。金属芯与外部石膏板层一起用于给出获得的层状结构,该获得的层状结构具有最小一小时的耐火性,且在特定构型下可能高达四(4)小时的耐火性,并由此使得获得的结构满足典型的防火规范。
金属层13(典型地为30-号钢(但取决于所需的重量、厚度和STC,可为10号-40号的其他金属)为约名片的厚度。重要的是,在装配前,该金属不应变皱,因为变皱将破坏该金属辅助减小声音传播的能力。仅完全平的、未损坏的金属片可用于该层状结构。
在可选择的实施方式中,用惯性负载的乙烯基树脂或类似产品代替钢13。但是,钢具有比乙烯基树脂少得多的宽恕(forgiveness),且因此作为抑制层,可胜过乙烯基树脂。但是,由于其他易于切割(ease-of-cutting)的原因,如果需要的话,乙烯基树脂可用于层状结构中代替钢。纤维素、木材、石膏、塑料或其他抑制材料也可用于代替乙烯基树脂或钢。可选择的材料可为任意类型和任意适当的厚度。
获得的结构能够使用具有木锯条的标准木锯切割。
图2展示了本发明的第二实施方式。两个石膏板外层21和29已在其各自内表面上分别涂覆了QuietGlue层22和28,该QuietGlue层优选由粘弹性聚合物如图1中的胶12制成。这种粘弹性聚合物具有通过响应于声音声能的粘弹性材料的形变吸收声能的能力。在QuietGlue的内表面上有两个金属片层23和27。典型地,这些金属片层23和27各自为镀锌钢。在一个实施方式中,镀锌钢为30号、.013英寸厚,但也可根据需要使用其他厚度的钢以及其他金属。钢层23和27的内表面分别涂覆有quiet glue的附加层24和26,该quiet glue仍是与胶层22和28相同类型的粘弹性材料。然后,该结构的核心由松木层状片25构成,其为在胶合板中通常使用的类型。在一个实施方式中,松木层状片为1/10英寸厚,但也可为MDF或其他木材类型。
此外,由于上述原因和图1的实施方式一起,镀锌钢为非加油的和规则填泥料。胶层都是能够吸收声音的粘弹性材料。获得的产品具有约7/8英寸的厚度且每个4×8部分重约148磅。对于所获材料的独立(stand-alone)STC为42,其产生的双面标准构造STC为62。在装配前钢层不应变皱。钢变皱可破坏钢用于其预期的目的。需要使用完全平的未损坏的片以获得最优结果。获得的结构又可使用木锯条以标准动力锯切割。在一个实施方式中,木材内层25为在Rocklin,California获得的Sierra松木1/10英寸厚MDF(http://www.sierrapine.com)。
在制造图1和2的结构时,首先以规定的方式将胶滚压到石膏板上,一般至1/16英寸厚度(尽管如果需要可使用其他厚度),然后在该胶上放置钢。在胶为水基的情况下,取决于使用的干燥和减湿技术,需要10-30小时的任意时间以完全干燥该胶。溶剂基粘弹性胶可被代替。取决于每个组件的精确要求,在约2-5磅/平方英寸的压力下,以规定的方式干燥获得的结构,尽管根据需要可使用其他压力。为进行图2的实施方式,每个石膏板-胶-金属层结构具有滚压到金属的暴露表面上至约1/16英寸厚度的胶的附加层,然后薄的松木层置于在已经制造的石膏-胶-金属板上的两层胶之间。将获得的结构置于压机中,并向该结构施加1-5磅/平方英寸的压力,且容许干燥高达48小时。
图3展示了本发明声学隔音材料的另一实施方式。在图3中,两个石膏板外层30和34分别在其内表面上具有胶层31和33。在两个胶层31和33之间是由乙烯基树脂构成的抑制材料32。该乙烯基树脂为惯性负载的,且在一个实施方式中,为1磅/平方英尺或更大,且可从多个制造商处获得,包括Technifoam、Minneapolis、Minnesota。当石膏板外层30和34各为5/8英寸厚,粘弹性QuietGlue层31和33各为约1/16英寸厚,且惯性负载的乙烯基树脂为约1/32英寸厚时,该结构的总重量为每个4×8英尺部分约190磅。取决于乙烯基树脂和粘弹性QuietGlue层31和33的实际厚度,该材料的总完成厚度为1.3-1.5英寸。
图3的实施方式不能像规则的干式墙一样划线(score),而是必须使用木锯切割。典型的木锯条适于实际切割图3的隔音材料。
图4展示了本发明隔音材料的另外的实施方式。在该实施方式中,两个外层35和39为5/8英寸胶合板且在其内表面上分别具有quiet glue层36和38。在QuietGlue之间为惯性负载的乙烯基树脂层37。图4所示结构打算用在地板上或在其中通常使用木材的其他结构区域中。在一个实施方式中,胶合板片35和39各自典型地为5/8英寸厚。在该实施方式中,QuietGlue层36和38各为约1/16英寸厚(尽管如果需要可使用其他厚度),且惯性负载的乙烯基树脂37典型地为1/16-1/4英寸厚。当惯性负载的乙烯基树脂为1/8英寸厚时,那么图4的结构的总厚度为约1.5英寸厚。如果乙烯基树脂为1/16英寸厚,那么总厚度为约1.4英寸。
独立的图3的结构的STC为38,而图4的结构的STC为36。图1和2的结构的STC分别为37和38。
应注意的是,QuietGlue的不均匀涂覆或在上述隔音材料片的末端留有气隙,可损害STC级别,受损害程度为几个db。而且,为了改善用这些材料制备的墙、地板、天花板或门的隔音质量,胶必须均匀地一直涂覆到片的末端和角。上述板都不能像规则的干式墙一样划线。相反地,这些板必须使用锯条,典型地使用木锯条切割。
以上给出的传声等级数基本上为在建筑领域中用于评价隔板、门和窗阻挡声音的效率的数。作为STC测试结果分配到特定隔板设计的数代表对定义传声等级的一套曲线的最佳拟合类型的近似。该测试这样进行使其独立于测试环境,并仅对于隔板给出数值。STC测试方法由用于在1/3倍频带中获得的声音测量的ASTM E90实验室测试和用于从在每个隔板中的传声损失计算“STC”(传声等级)数的ASTM E413规定,且这些标准可在互联网上在 http://www.astm.org中获得。
对于本发明隔音材料,展示作为频率的函数的传输损失(单位:分贝)的数据在图5、6、7、8、9和10中说明。图5展示了在没有分开的墙筋两面上的如图3所示的具有Quiet Rock Ultra的标准2×4结构。传输损失(单位:分贝)从在63Hz下的25db变化到在4000Hz下的约58db。
倍频带的中心频率在表的两行中阐明。每一行的顶端行表示1/3倍频带中心频率。每一水平种类的第二行的数表示总的分贝,且第三组数表示在db亏量(deficiency)中的95%置信水平。EWR和OITC分别代表外墙级别和室外-室内传输级别,且表示测量传输损失的其他方法。最终的传声等级数以符号STC在右下角表明。对于在标准2”×4”木墙筋结构的两面上使用图3所示的两板类型,STC为54。
对于本领域技术人员来说,已知在标准2×4结构的两面上具有标准5/8英寸干式墙的类似构造产生的STC为34。因此,本发明对于这种特殊结构的标准干式墙产生了20STC点的改善。
加拿大国家研究委员会(NRC)已经存档(document)了许多其他构造的STC级别(例如,在具有各种隔离物如弹性沟道和具有各种隔音填料如共鸣板、纤维素和玻璃纤维毛毡的标准、交错梁或双重梁结构中使用木材和钢墙筋)。本发明已进行了同样类型的测试。
图3所示类型的单板的单独使用产生的STC为38,如在图6的右下角所示。因此,使用图1所示类型的单板减小传声,与使用图5所示的在2×4墙筋两面上的两板相比,效果较低。
使用在标准2×4结构的两面上的图4所示结构导致的STC为49,如图7所示。这说明在减小传声方面,图4所示的木结构与图3所示的包含在外表面上的石膏板和乙烯基树脂内层的结构相比,效果较低,尽管两者对于标准材料都有明显改善。
图8展示了单独使用在2×4墙筋上的图4中的木结构,且没有分开,具有的STC为49,其低于具有类似构造的图3结构的STC级别。对于本领域技术人员来说,已知在两面上具有标准胶合板的类似墙产生的STC级别为29。因此,这显示了相对标准木材的显著改善。
使用具有标准2×4结构没有分开的在一面上的图4结构导致STC为43,如图9的图表所示。在声音衰减方面,这对于标准胶合板是基本改善,但不如使用在墙筋两面上具有图4的结构的标准2×4结构效果好,如图85所示。最后,单独使用图4结构导致STC为36,如图10所示,其低于对于类似构造的图3结构的值为38的STC(图6)。
因此,本发明的层状结构提供与结构有关的传声等级数方面的显著改善,且因此显著减小从一个房间到相邻房间的声音传播。
本发明的可选择的实施方式为不对称的,由相对厚的材料层构成,在该材料层的一个表面上放置粘弹性胶。在粘弹性胶上放置相对于第一材料层的薄的材料层。该薄的材料层可为抑制层,如金属或乙烯基树脂或橡胶或任何其他适合的薄材料。该结构具有声音减小性质,但与图1-4描述的结构相比较轻且较易于处理。这种结构例如可由图1所示结构的层11、12和13构成。
在本发明层状结构中对于每个材料给定的尺寸可根据需要变化,以控制成本、总厚度、重量和STC结果。描述的实施方式及其尺寸仅为说明性的而非限制性的。
考虑到以上描述,本发明的其他实施方式将是显而易见的。

Claims (41)

1.一种用于构成墙、地板、或天花板或门的层状结构,包括:
两层材料外层,
至少一个内抑制层,和
两层或多层粘弹性胶的内层,其通过所述至少一个内抑制层分开。
2.权利要求1的结构,其中该抑制层包括金属。
3.权利要求1的结构,其中所述两个外层均包括选定厚度的石膏板层。
4.权利要求3的结构,其中所述胶包括能够吸收声音的粘弹性材料。
5.权利要求4的结构,其中所述至少一个内抑制层包括选定厚度的金属片层。
6.权利要求5的结构,其中所述选定厚度的金属片层包括镀锌钢。
7.一种层状结构,包括:
选定材料的至少一个内层;
两层粘弹性胶内层,在所述内层的每个面上有一层该粘弹性胶内层;和
在每层粘弹性胶内层的另一面上的至少一个附加层。
8.权利要求7的结构,其中所述至少一个附加层包括第一吸声材料的外层。
9.权利要求8的结构,其中所述第一吸收材料的外层包括石膏。
10.权利要求8的结构,其中所述至少一个外层包括多层选定材料层。
11.权利要求10的结构,其中所述多层选定材料层包括:
第一金属层;
第二粘弹性胶层;和
第三选定材料层。
12.权利要求11的结构,其中所述第三选定材料层包括石膏。
13.权利要求7的结构,其中所述至少一个内层包括金属层。
14.权利要求7的结构,其中所述至少一个内层包括纤维素材料如木材的层。
15.权利要求7的结构,其中所述至少一个内层包括一层固态的基于石油的合成材料如乙烯基树脂、塑料复合物、或橡胶的层。
16.形成层状结构的方法,包括:
提供具有两个表面的第一材料层;
将粘弹性胶层置于所述第一材料层的一个表面上;
将第二材料层置于所述粘弹性胶上;
将所述第二材料层向所述粘弹性胶层和所述第一材料层压制选定的时间;和
干燥所述第二材料层、所述第一材料层和所述粘弹性胶层。
17.权利要求16的方法,包括:
提供材料内层或选定材料的多个层;
在将为使用权利要求16的步骤形成的两个或多个层状结构的内表面的每面上形成粘弹性胶层;
将具有两个或多个即将形成的内表面的两个或多个这种层状结构邻近于所述内层或所述多层布置;
将在前述步骤中形成的该复合结构以选定的压力压制选定的时间;和
干燥该被压制的复合结构。
18.权利要求16的方法,其中所述第一材料包括金属层,且所述第二材料包括石膏层。
19.权利要求17的方法,其中所述内层包括基于纤维素的层如任何木材。
20.权利要求17的方法,其中所述基于纤维素的层为木材。
21.权利要求17的方法,其中所述内层包括选自乙烯基树脂、塑料复合物、和橡胶的层。
22.权利要求17的方法,其中所述内层包括选自镀锌钢、不锈钢、铝、钛、和两种或多种金属的复合物的金属层。
23.权利要求22的方法,其中所述金属层包括镀锌钢。
24.权利要求1的结构,其中该内抑制层为纤维素产品如木材。
25.权利要求24的结构,其中所述纤维素产品为木材。
26.权利要求1的结构,其中所述至少一个内抑制层选自纤维素、木材、金属、塑料、乙烯基树脂、塑料复合物和橡胶。
27.形成层状结构的方法,包括:
提供具有两个表面的第一材料层;
将粘弹性胶层置于所述第一材料层的一个表面上;
将第二材料层置于所述粘弹性胶上,该第二材料为该第一材料厚度的1/100-1/2;
将所述第二材料层向所述粘弹性胶层和所述第一材料层压制选定的时间;和
干燥所述第二材料层、所述第一材料层和所述粘弹性胶层。
28.权利要求27的方法,其中所述第一材料包括石膏层,且所述第二材料包括金属层。
29.权利要求27的方法,其中所述第一材料包括石膏层,且所述第二材料包括选自塑料和塑料复合物层的层。
30.权利要求27的方法,其中所述第一材料包括石膏层,且所述第二材料包括选自乙烯基树脂和橡胶的层。
31.权利要求27的方法,其中所述第一材料包括石膏层,且所述第二材料包括选自基于纤维素的材料和木材的层。
32.权利要求27的方法,其中所述第一材料包括选自基于纤维素的材料和木材的层,且所述第二材料包括金属。
33.权利要求27的方法,其中所述第一材料包括选自基于纤维素的材料和木材层的材料,且所述第二材料包括选自基于石油的塑料复合物和基于石油的橡胶层的材料。
34.权利要求27的方法,其中所述第一材料包括选自基于纤维素的材料和木材的层,且所述第二材料包括选自基于石油的塑料复合物、乙烯基树脂和橡胶的层。
35.形成层状结构的方法,包括:
提供具有两个表面的第一材料层;
将粘弹性胶层置于所述第一材料层的一个表面上;
将第二材料层置于所述粘弹性胶上;
将所述第二材料层向所述粘弹性胶层和所述第一材料层压制选定的时间;和
干燥所述第二材料层、所述第一材料层和所述粘弹性胶层。
36.权利要求35的方法,其中该两个外层为对称的,由类型完全相同的材料制成,且具有完全相同的密度和厚度。
37.权利要求35的方法,其中该两个外层为不对称的,由类型不完全相同的材料制成,且具有不完全相同的密度和厚度。
38.权利要求35的方法,其中该两个或多个内层为对称的,由相同类型的材料制成,且具有相同的密度和厚度。
39.权利要求35的方法,其中该两个或多个内层为不对称的,由类型不完全相同的材料制成,且具有不相同的密度和厚度。
40.一种层状吸声结构,包括:
具有两个表面的第一材料层;
在所述第一材料层的一个表面上的粘弹性胶层;和
在所述粘弹性胶上的第二材料层。
41.权利要求40的层状吸声结构,其中所述第二材料层为该第一材料厚度的1/10-1/2。
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US7181891B2 (en) 2007-02-27
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US20050050846A1 (en) 2005-03-10
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AU2004273008A1 (en) 2005-03-24
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