CN102348857B - 叠层声学隔音板 - Google Patents

叠层声学隔音板 Download PDF

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CN102348857B
CN102348857B CN201080011838.0A CN201080011838A CN102348857B CN 102348857 B CN102348857 B CN 102348857B CN 201080011838 A CN201080011838 A CN 201080011838A CN 102348857 B CN102348857 B CN 102348857B
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达维德·福尼耶
马克·雷费尔德
帕斯卡尔·奥祖夫
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Abstract

叠层声学建筑板，包括通过粘合层(16)粘合在一起的一对石膏板基板(10，13)，建筑板具有0.1-5GPa的动态杨氏模量和5-30％(η＝0.05-0.3)的阻尼损耗因子，粘合在基板(10，13)表面面积上的粘合剂比例是80-250g/m2。叠层板在结构上相对较软，因此由于相比现有板使用更少量的粘合剂，由敲击或冲击噪声引起的声波可被惊人衰减。软性基板(10，13)和更少粘合剂的使用显著降低了建筑板的重量。而且，更少粘合剂的使用显著降低了成本，并使生产变得容易。

Description

叠层声学隔音板
技术领域
本发明涉及具有改良的声学隔音性能的叠层建筑板。
背景技术
众所周知，通过将两个或更多基板层压合在一起形成用于墙壁、天花板、地板以及诸如此类的声学建筑板。这种建筑板曾经被公开在WO2008/124672里，包括一对石膏板基板层，例如用丙烯酸胶粘合在一起的石膏。
通常，大多数声学建筑板利用自身具有良好等待声音衰减指数(Rw)值的基板层，通过增加等待声音衰减指数(Rw)试图提高整体声音传输系数。基板层与一层厚的提高了权重衰减指数(Rw)值的粘合剂粘合在一起。出于这个原因，现有的声学建筑板结构笨重，价格昂贵并且难以制造。
发明内容
我们现在发明减轻上述问题的叠层声学建筑板。
根据本发明，提供一种叠层声学建筑板，包括第一基板层，通过粘结层粘合到第一层上的第二基板层，建筑板具有0.1-5GPa的动态杨氏模量和5-30％(η＝0.05-0.3)的阻尼损耗因子，其中适用于基板表面积上的粘合剂比例是80-250g/m2。
具有上述特性的叠层板在结构上相对比较柔软并且，因此由于相比现有板使用相对更少的粘合剂，由敲击或冲击噪声引起的声波就出乎意料地被衰减。软性基板和少量粘合剂的使用显著降低了板的重量。而且，使用更少的胶水显著降低成本，并使制造更加容易。
优选地，基板层包含数层石膏(即石膏板)、石膏纤维或水泥。
尽管能够使用不同厚度和/或材料的层，但是优选地基板层由相同的材料和相同厚度形成。至少一个基板层可包含层叠在一起的数层。这样的基板层被公开在欧洲专利申请EP1688553中，相比传统的石膏板，其具有增强的隔音性能。
优选地，每一基板层的厚度为6-25mm。
优选地，粘合剂具有在100Hz时为0.1-50MPa和/或在1000Hz时为0.5MPa-100MPa的动态杨氏模量(20℃时)和至少50％(η＞0.5)的损耗因子。可替代地，粘合剂具有在100Hz时为0.1-0.5MPa和/或在1000Hz时为0.5MPa-100MPa的动态杨氏模量(20℃时)和至少50％(η＞0.5)的损耗因子。
我们发现，当基板层与具有最低杨氏模量和最高损耗因子的很薄的粘合层(小于250g/m2)粘结在一起时，通过敲击或撞击噪声引起的声波实现最大衰减。
优选地，粘合剂包含一种丙烯酸基粘合剂，例如瓷砖或纸胶，优选具有100％(η＝1.0)的损耗因子。
可替代地，粘合剂可以包含一种热熔性粘合剂。
优选地，粘合在基板表面面积上的粘合剂的比例是100-150g/m2。可替代地，粘合在基板表面面积上的粘合剂的比例是80-100g/m2。
附图说明
参照附图，现在仅仅通过举例说明本发明的实施例，其中：
图1是根据本发明的叠层声学隔音建筑板的透视图；以及
图2是从a)现有的石膏板，b)根据本发明的叠层声学隔音建筑板的第一实施例，和c)根据本发明的叠层声学隔音建筑板的第二实施例，获得的与测试结果频率相对声音衰减对照表。
具体实施方式
参见图1，示出了一种用于墙板、地板或天花板的叠层声学隔音建筑板。建筑板包括石膏板质的第一基板层10，石膏板核心由石膏(半水硫酸钙)形成，其位于内部纸质衬层和外部纸质衬层11、12之间。
建筑板还包括石膏板质的第二基板层13，石膏板核心由石膏形成，其位于内部纸质衬层和外部纸质衬层14、15之间。第一和第二基板层10、13通过丙烯酸粘结剂层16面对面重合粘合。
层16通过将粘合层以80-250g/m2，优选100-150g/m2的量连续粘结到第二基板层14的内表面而形成。第一基板层10然后粘结在粘结层16上，于是直到粘合剂充分固化时基板层10、13就相互压在了一起。
在此通过机械阻抗方法(MIM)测量并计算建筑板部件的损耗因子和杨氏模量的值，MIM基于ISO 16940标准，其中连续细微的振动被应用在测试片的中心。
厚度为6-25mm的基板层10、13的动态杨氏模量值在500Hz时是1-8GPa，且一般大约3GPa+/-1GPa。评估每一峰值的损耗因子小于5％(η＝0.05)。
本领域技术人员众所周知的是，聚合物的动态杨氏模量取决于频率和温度。用DMTA系统(动态机械热分析)能够测量数据，例如Metravib Viscoanalyser。因此，特定频率下粘合层16在20℃时杨氏模量的典型值如下：
100Hz      0.1MPa＜E＜50MPa
1000Hz     0.5MPa＜E＜100MPa
粘合层16的最低损耗因子是最低值50％(η＞0.5)。
因此，用于整个建筑板的组合杨氏模量值是O.1-5GPa，并且在每一峰值评估的等效损耗因子一般在5％与30％之间(0.05＜η＜0.3)，且优选大约20％(η＝0.2)，取决于用于层16的粘合剂特性。
用一层很薄的吸音材料(小于250g/m2)，且用最柔和的杨氏模量和最高的损耗因子，得到了最令人惊讶的结果。
参考图2，示出了从下述隔板得到的测试结果的声音衰减相对频率的图表。
A)安装在隔开48毫米的板墙筋上的传统石膏板；
B)根据本发明的叠层声学隔音建筑板，安装在隔开48毫米的板墙筋上，并且具有传统石膏板的基板层10、13；以及
C)根据本发明的叠层隔音建筑板，安装在间隔48毫米的板墙筋上，并且具有在欧洲专利申请EP1688553中公开的那种声学墙板的基板层10、13。
首先，可以看出，用传统石膏板形成的隔板的声音衰减特性从100Hz增加，直到接近1600Hz和4000Hz之间的临界频率时衰减(声音透射损耗)有大约10dB的显著下降。临界频率是在此频率时空气中声音的波长等于隔板里弯曲的弯曲波长。
其次，可以看出，由根据本发明的叠层声学隔音建筑板形成的隔板的声音衰减特性在整个频率范围被提高了，这种叠层声学隔音建筑板具有传统石膏板的基板层10、13。而且，可以看出，接近1600和4000Hz之间的临界频率时在衰减上有较小的下降。
第三，可以看出，由根据本发明的一种叠层声学隔音建筑板形成的隔板的声音衰减特性在整个频率范围被进一步提高，这种叠层声学隔音建筑板具有声学墙板的基板层10、13，并且接近1600和4000Hz之间的临界频率在衰减上有更小的下降。
根据本发明的一种叠层声学隔音建筑板的好处得益于胶的性能(即其动态杨氏模量和损耗因子)及导致声学性能增强的基板层10、13的选择。增强的声学性能部分归因于增大的权重声音衰减指数(Rw)以及提高的由敲击或冲击噪声引起的声波衰减。令人惊讶地达到了比现有叠层声学隔音建筑板使用更少的粘合剂的效果。
在另一实施例里，基板层10、13包含水泥墙板，在500Hz时动态杨氏模量值在5和15GPa之间。
在另外一实施例里，基板层10、13包含木墙板，在500Hz时动态杨氏模量值在1和15GPa之间。

Claims (14)

1.叠层声学建筑板，包括第一基板层，通过粘结层粘合在第一基板层上的第二基板层，建筑板具有0.1至5GPa的动态杨氏模量和5—30%（η=0.05—0.3）的阻尼损耗因子，其中粘合在基板表面面积上的粘合剂比例是80—250g/m2；其中粘合剂具有在100Hz时为0.1—50MPa和/或在1000Hz时为0.5MPa—100MPa的动态杨氏模量（20℃时）和至少50%（η>0.5）的损耗因子。
2.根据任一前述权利要求所述的叠层声学建筑板，其中至少一个基板层包含一层石膏或者石膏板。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的叠层声学建筑板，其中粘合剂具有在100Hz时为0.1—0.5MPa和/或在1000Hz时为0.5MPa—100MPa的动态杨氏模量（20℃时）和至少50%（η>0.5）的损耗因子。
4.根据权利要求1所述的叠层声学建筑板，其中粘合剂包含一种丙烯酸基粘合剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的叠层声学建筑板，其中粘合剂包含一种热熔性粘合剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的叠层声学建筑板，其中至少一个基板层包含一层纤维增强石膏或者纤维增强石膏板。
7.根据权利要求1所述的叠层声学建筑板，其中至少一个基板层包含一层水泥墙板。
8.根据权利要求1所述的叠层声学建筑板，其中至少一个基板层包含一层木墙板。
9.根据权利要求1所述的叠层声学建筑板，其中至少一个基板层包含一具有层叠在一起的材料层的层。
10.根据权利要求1所述的叠层声学建筑板，其中基板层由相同的材料形成。
11.根据权利要求1所述的叠层声学建筑板，其中基板层具有相同的厚度。
12.根据权利要求11所述的叠层声学建筑板，其中每一基板层厚度为6—25mm。
13.根据权利要求1所述的叠层声学建筑板，其中粘合在基板表面面积上的粘合剂比例是100-150g/m2。
14.根据权利要求1所述的叠层声学建筑板，其中粘合在基板表面面积上的粘合剂比例是80-100g/m2。
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