CN1880737B - 用于保护排气后处理系统的方法 - Google Patents

用于保护排气后处理系统的方法 Download PDF

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CN1880737B
CN1880737B CN2006100899094A CN200610089909A CN1880737B CN 1880737 B CN1880737 B CN 1880737B CN 2006100899094 A CN2006100899094 A CN 2006100899094A CN 200610089909 A CN200610089909 A CN 200610089909A CN 1880737 B CN1880737 B CN 1880737B
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J·P·克雷斯
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Motors Liquidation Co
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/184Preventing damage resulting from overload or excessive wear of the driveline
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/08Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for idling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/47Engine emissions
    • B60Y2300/476Regeneration of particle filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D2041/026Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus using an external load, e.g. by increasing generator load or by changing the gear ratio
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/08Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
    • F02D2200/0812Particle filter loading
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/18Control of the engine output torque
    • F02D2250/26Control of the engine output torque by applying a torque limit
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

Abstract

本发明的方法适合于通过防止该系统在发动机轻负荷时期变得堵塞和/或损坏来保护排气后处理系统。根据优选实施例,本发明通过在发动机轻负荷和/或低排气温度期间增加发动机上的负荷来保护排气后处理系统。

Description

用于保护排气后处理系统的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于保护排气后处理系统的方法。
背景技术
如果发动机在轻负荷(即,在怠速期间或者在下坡行使时)下运行较长一段时间,那么诸如柴油机微粒过滤器的排气后处理装置和催化氮氧化物的装置会变堵塞和/或损坏。这些装置通常与柴油发动机一起使用,并且当车辆排放标准提高时将有可能更频繁地使用。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了一种用于保护排气后处理系统的方法,其包括:设定一预定发动机负荷限制值;监控当前发动机负荷;确定当前发动机负荷是否小于预定的发动机负荷限制值;如果发动机负荷小于预定的发动机负荷限制值,那么确定后处理系统是否需要再生;计算再生排气后处理装置所需的发动机负荷增加值;并且施加所需的减速器负荷。
根据本发明,还提供了一种用于保护排气后处理系统的方法,其包括:设定一预定的排气温度限制值;监控当前排气温度;确定当前排气温度是否小于预定的排气温度限制值;如果排气温度小于预定的排气温度限制值,那么确定后处理系统是否需要再生;和如果需要再生并且当前排气温度小于预定的排气温度限制值,那么增加当前的发动机负荷,该当前的发动机负荷增加是通过:应用一减速器装置;计算所需的减速器负荷,该减速器负荷设定成引导出所需的发动机负荷的增加值;和施加所需的减速器负荷。
根据本发明,还提供了一种用于保护排气后处理系统的方法,其包括:设定一预定发动机负荷限制值;监控当前发动机负荷;确定当前发动机负荷是否小于预定的发动机负荷限制值;如果发动机负荷小于预定的发动机负荷限制值,那么确定后处理系统是否需要再生;如果需要再生,计算再生排气后处理装置所需的发动机负荷增加值;应用一减速器装置;计算所需的减速器负荷,该减速器负荷设定成引导出所需的发动机负荷的增加值;和施加所需的减速器负荷。
本发明的方法适合于保护排气后处理系统,通过防止该系统在发动机轻负荷时期变得堵塞和/或损坏。根据优选实施例,本发明通过在发动机轻负荷和/或低排气温度期间增加发动机上的负荷来保护排气后处理系统。
发动机负荷优选通过应用一变速器的减速器装置来增加。本发明的方法适用于计算一所需的发动机负荷增加值以用于该后处理装置的再生,计算一所需的减速器负荷以促使所需的发动机负荷增加,并且实施所需的减速器负荷。根据一可选择的实施例,可采用额外的步骤来维持不变的加速踏板与变速器输出扭矩比值。更确切地说,本发明的方法适合于计算由所需的减速器负荷的施加导致的变速器输出扭矩减少值,并且指令发动机增加所需量的发动机输出扭矩值以补偿由减速器导致的变速器输出扭矩的减少。
本发明的上述特征和优点以及其它特征和优点,将从在结合附图时对实施本发明的最佳模式的下面详细描述中容易地显现。
附图说明
图1是表示根据本发明的优选实施例的方法的方框图;
图2是表示图1方法的一部分的方框图;
图3是表示图1方法的一部分的方框图;
图4a是在减速装置应用期间表示发动机扭矩与发动机速度之间关系的说明图;
图4b是在减速装置应用期间表示发动机扭矩与发动机速度之间关系的说明图;
具体实施方式
本发明的方法适合于保护一排气后处理系统(未示出),诸如在共同拥有的美国专利US4,364,761中公开的柴油机微粒过滤器,在此参考并结合该专利的全部内容,本发明所述的保护方法通过防止该系统在发动机轻负荷时期(即,在怠速期间或者在下坡行使时)变得堵塞和/或损坏来实现。通过燃烧微粒的高温排气,排气后处理系统可进行再生,或者清洁,否则这些微粒会累积并且堵塞该系统。排气温度通常随着发动机负荷的增加而升高,并且排气温度通常随着发动机负荷的降低而下降。因此,在发动机轻负荷和/或低排气温度期间,当车辆最容易产生排气后处理系统损坏时,本发明通过增加发动机负荷来保护该系统。
参见图1,本发明的控制算法10被示出。该控制算法10优选存在于变速器控制模块(TCM,未示出)中。该控制算法10适合于在发动机轻负荷和/或低排气温度期间通过增加发动机负荷来保护排气后处理系统。
控制算法10包括表示由TCM所实施的步骤的一系列的块12-20。因为已知发动机负荷与排气温度密切相关,算法10优选监控发动机负荷,目的是确定排气后处理装置是否需要再生。因此,算法10被描述为对发动机负荷进行监控,但是,需要理解的是可采用其它的参数用于该确定。例如,根据可选择的实施例,可监控排气温度来确定排气后处理装置是否需要再生。
在步骤12处,TCM监控当前的发动机负荷。在步骤14处,TCM确定当前发动机负荷是否在预定的发动机负荷限制值之下。在步骤14处,如果当前发动机负荷大于或者等于发动机负荷限制值,那么算法10返回到步骤12。在步骤14处,如果当前发动机负荷小于发动机负荷限制值,那么算法进行到步骤16。根据本发明可选择的实施例,步骤12-14可通过监控当前排气温度并且将其与预定的排气温度限制值比较来进行实施。在步骤16处,TCM确定排气后处理装置是否需要再生,这将在下面进行详细描述。在步骤16处,如果排气后处理装置不需要再生,那么算法10返回到步骤12。在步骤16处,如果排气后处理装置需要再生,那么算法进行到步骤18。在步骤18处,TCM确定车辆是否处于怠速。在步骤18处,如果车辆在怠速,那么算法10进行到步骤20,在步骤20处,发动机负荷增加一计算值以对怠速时车辆的排气后处理装置进行再生,这将在下面进行详细描述。在步骤18处,如果车辆不处于怠速,那么算法10进行到步骤20’,在步骤20’处,发动机负荷增加一计算值以对行进车辆的排气后处理装置进行再生,这将在下面进行详细描述。
根据优选实施例,TCM确定排气后处理装置是否需要再生的步骤16将如下进行实施。排气后处理装置是否需要再生的确定通常是基于一时间限制值,在该时间限制值期间,发动机运行在小于发动机负荷限制值的负荷下。已经观察到,如果发动机负荷暂时下降到发动机负荷限制值之下,那么后处理装置不太可能会变得堵塞。因此,如果当前发动机负荷下降到发动机负荷限制值之下超过预定的时间段,那么排气后处理装置会在步骤20或20’进行再生。可选择的,通过将压力传感器(未示出)设置在相对于排气后处理装置的上游和下游,可以执行对排气后处理装置是否需要再生的判断。如果后处理装置是清洁的,则通过该装置的压力差值(P上游-P下游)较小。因此,如果该压力差值变得过大(即大于预定限制值),则后处理装置会被堵塞并且在步骤20或20’处进行再生。
根据优选实施例,发动机负荷增加以再生发动机后处理装置的步骤20和20’将采用一减速系统或装置(未示出)进行实施,例如在共同拥有的美国专利No.5,482,148中所公开的减速系统或装置,在此参考并结合该专利的全部内容。可选择的,步骤20和20’可采用任何适合于增加发动机负荷的装置来进行实施。例如一液压混合系统,该系统可在维持一致的变速器输出扭矩的过程中产生制动扭矩并且从而增加发动机负荷。
如在现有技术中已知的,减速器为液力制动器,该液力制动器利用液压流体之中的机械组件的相对旋转来帮助车辆减速,其中该液压流体存在于减速器中,而减速器使用在车辆中。车辆被减速是因为减速器施加负扭矩或制动扭矩到变速器的输入轴或者输出轴上。通过输入(和,在非空挡范围期间,输出)减速器所施加的制动扭矩来增加发动机负荷也是已知的。因此,步骤20和20’优选通过驱动一减速器以增加发动机负荷从而使得排气温度上升并且排气后处理装置被再生来实施。
在步骤20和20’处,采用的减速器优选是设置在发动机和变速器之间的变速器输入减速器,但是也可采用设置在变速器和驱动轴之间的变速器输出减速器。当变速器在空挡时,没有变速器输出到达驱动轴上,并且因此变速器输出减速器变得不起作用。因为当变速器处于空挡时在发动机输出和变速器输入之间存在相对运动,所以当变速器处与空挡时变速器输入减速器能够有利地施加制动扭矩来增加发动机负荷。
参见图2,更详细地显示了图1的步骤20,在步骤20处通过对发动机负荷增加一计算值来对处于怠速的车辆的排气后处理装置进行再生。在步骤22处,TCM计算一所需的发动机负荷增加值,该负荷增加值适用于再生排气后处理装置。所需的发动机负荷增加值通常有必要使当前发动机负荷大于步骤14的发动机负荷限制值。但是,需要理解的是,所需发动机负荷增加值可选择的为适合于再生排气后处理装置的任意值。在步骤24处,TCM计算一所需减速器负荷,该减速器负荷被设定成用于引导出步骤22的所需的发动机负荷增加值。在步骤26处,TCM实施所需的减速器负荷。
参见图3,更详细地示出图1的步骤20’,在步骤20’处将发动机负荷增加一计算值来再生行进车辆的排气后处理装置。在步骤28处,以与上述步骤22的方式相类似的方式,TCM计算适用于再生排气后处理装置所需的发动机负荷增加值。在步骤30处,TCM计算所需的减速器负荷,该减速器负荷被设定成用于引导出步骤28的所需的发动机负荷增加值。在步骤32处,TCM施加所需的减速器负荷。在步骤34处,TCM计算由所需的减速器负荷导致的发动机输出扭矩的减少量。对于采用变速器输入减速器的应用而言,发动机输出扭矩的减少量可以通过将所需的减速器负荷除以扭矩变化率来进行计算。对于采用变速器输出减速器的应用而言,发动机输出扭矩的减少量可以通过将所需的减速器负荷除以当前传动比和扭矩变化率的乘积来进行计算。在步骤36处,发动机被指令(优选通过一串联通信线路)增加一定数值的发动机输出扭矩,所增加的数值是补偿在步骤34处计算出的发动机输出扭矩的减少值所必需的。
行进车辆的发动机负荷以在步骤20’所描述的方式增加,因为应用减速器同时操作者也轻微改变节气门会改变踏板对扭矩的关系,并且会引起用户的不满意。因此,通过指令发动机增加补偿由减速器(在步骤36处)导致的发动机输出扭矩的减少值所必需的一定量的发动机输出扭矩,踏板与扭矩的关系被维持,并且减速器的接合通常不会被用户察觉(或者,最少维持连贯的驱动性能)。
参见图4a和4b,显示了发动机扭矩与发动机速度之间关系的图形。向下的斜线表示恒定的加速踏板位置的线。如图4a所示,当减速器被应用时,如果加速踏板位置保持不变并且发动机扭矩保持不变,那么变速器输出被减少从而使得加速踏板与变速器输出扭矩之比被改变,这改变将会被用户所察觉到。如图4b所示,如果发动机扭矩被增加一值,该值是消除减速器扭矩减少量所必需的,则加速踏板与变速器输出扭矩之比保持不变,以便于提供相同的驱动性能。
根据本发明的可选择的实施例,发动机控制模块(未示出)可利用程序进行编程以确保上述一致的踏板与变速器输出扭矩之比,并且与这样的程序相适应,发动机控制模块可进一步适用于自动增加发动机扭矩以保护排气后处理装置。
在图1-3所示的和在此所述的步骤不需要以所示的顺序来实施,除非另外在此说明。
尽管已经详细说明实施本发明的最佳模式,然而本领域技术人员将认识到,执行本发明的各种可选择的设计和实施例都在附加的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于保护排气后处理系统的方法,其包括:
设定一预定的排气温度限制值;
监控当前排气温度;
确定当前排气温度是否小于预定的排气温度限制值;
如果排气温度小于预定的排气温度限制值,那么确定后处理系统是否需要再生;和
如果需要再生并且发动机负荷小于预定的发动机负荷限制值,那么增加当前的发动机负荷,该当前的发动机负荷增加是通过:
应用一减速器装置;
计算再生排气后处理装置所需的发动机负荷增加值;
计算所需的减速器负荷,该减速器负荷设定成引导出所需的发动机负荷的增加值;和
施加所需的减速器负荷。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述增加当前发动机负荷包括计算由施加所需的减速器负荷导致的变速器输出扭矩的减少值。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述增加当前发动机负荷包括命令发动机增加一定数值的发动机输出扭矩,该数值是补偿由减速器导致的变速器输出扭矩减少值所必需的。
4.一种用于保护排气后处理系统的方法,其包括:
设定一预定发动机负荷限制值;
监控当前发动机负荷;
确定当前发动机负荷是否小于预定的发动机负荷限制值;
如果发动机负荷小于预定的发动机负荷限制值,那么确定后处理系统是否需要再生;
如果需要再生,计算再生排气后处理装置所需的发动机负荷增加值;
应用一减速器装置;
计算所需的减速器负荷,该减速器负荷设定成引导出所需的发动机负荷的增加值;和
施加所需的减速器负荷。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述增加当前发动机负荷包括计算由施加所需的减速器负荷导致的变速器输出扭矩的减少值。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述增加当前发动机负荷包括命令发动机增加一定数值的发动机输出扭矩,该数值是补偿由减速器导致的变速器输出扭矩减少值所必需的。
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