CN1880583A - Process for recovery of coastal natural wetland and multistage antisoil regulation and control technology therefor - Google Patents
Process for recovery of coastal natural wetland and multistage antisoil regulation and control technology therefor Download PDFInfo
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- CN1880583A CN1880583A CNA2005100771842A CN200510077184A CN1880583A CN 1880583 A CN1880583 A CN 1880583A CN A2005100771842 A CNA2005100771842 A CN A2005100771842A CN 200510077184 A CN200510077184 A CN 200510077184A CN 1880583 A CN1880583 A CN 1880583A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for recovering the wetland of hurt lake, with plant biological theory, ecological theory, etc, wherein the invention can increase the lives of wetland system, and recover the natural wetland ecological system, to realize the self-maintenance function of natural wetland group. Therefore, via the metabolism, physical and chemical functions of wetland plant and soil, the organic and inorganic can be stop at the wetland system, while the harmful one is decomposed into innocuous one, to purify the water. The invention has low cost, and high purifying efficiency.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to environmental protection and biological technical field; relate to and utilize phytoecology, ecology recovering and landscape ecology theory and practical experience to carry out the recovery of the impaired natural wetland of lakeside band, utilize the wetland after having recovered to carry out the method that eutrophication lake inlet water is administered simultaneously.
Background technology:
Lakeside wetland be the lake protect barrier together, be the important component part of healthy lake ecosystem, have the filtration of holding back, purify water, keep bio-diversity, function such as biological habitat be provided, the lake that does not have the lakeside band is very fragile.The band restoration of the ecosystem of Hekou District lakeside not only will recover the landscape ecological function of lakeside band natural wetland, also requires to make up the Hekou District ecosystem and the pollution reinforced purifying type facility of water, makes it have the function that purifies pollution of river thing.Carry out Hekou District substrate reparation, recover river mouth, lakeside band natural environmental condition as far as possible, for the estuarine lake bank ecological recovers to create good basis; On the basis of finding out ecosystem system degradation and original plant species disappearance reason, determine the ecological threshold of instrument species in the species of one's native land, the functional group species that screening is suitable carry out transplanting and habituation, population and expand technical processes such as numerous, maintenance and management; The aquatic vegetation constructing technology is a unit with functional group (emergent aquactic plant, floatingleaved plant, fluitante, submerged plant), and according to the correlation between the species between the plant function group and in the functional group, the group that builds has Selfstabilizing and adjustment capability; Take into full account the integrality, species diversity of aquatic system and changing environment at that time, integrated configuration plant, animal and microbial function group, can recover the natural quality of aquatic system, make wetland aquatic ecosystem oneself keep and move.
Research has for many years been carried out in the lakeside wetland restoration of the ecosystem abroad, because China is populous, the area, lakeside is densely populated, reclaims land from a lake and breed activity on a large scale, causes large-area lakeside wetland impaired, even forfeiture; In addition, the fast development of regional chemical industry class along the lake township enterprise, a large amount of sanitary sewages, harmful, poisonous industrial wastewater is in line goes into the lake, lakeside band natural wetland ecosystem heavy damage, go into going from bad to worse of lake water matter, directly have influence on lakeside band district setting and economic sustainable development and water safety.Lakeside band ecological disruption is serious, and it is more much bigger that it recovers difficulty.Though carried out a series of water environment treatment engineering, promptly administer and attach most importance to point-source pollution, the result is costly, produces little effect.And pollution of area source, for example sanitary sewage aggravates along with rolling up of population; A large amount of farmland-use waters that use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, along with surface flow enters the river course, body eutrophication increasingly sharpens.Therefore, recover lakeside band natural wetland, bring into play that it holds back filtering contaminants, the ecological functions that purify water are to solve body eutrophication, realize the basic of lakeside band natural wetland resources.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is scientific theory by introduced plant ecology, ecology recovering and landscape ecology, utilize study area lakeside band physical geography landform, (partial reinforment technology is meant that existing lakeside strip substrate is carried out the part repairs to the applying portion reinforcement process, to satisfy the needs of different biotype plant normal growths to hydraulic gradiant.) the formation hydraulic gradiant, form multistage wetlands ecosystems unit, bio-metabolic process and physics chemical action through dissimilar muskegs and soil, various organic and inorganic dissolved matter and suspension in the river are dammed in wetlands ecosystems, many poisonous and harmful compounds wherein are decomposed and are converted into innocuous substance, reach purifying river water water quality, increase the bio-diversity of the lakeside wetland ecosystem, recover the function of the natural wetland ecosystem, realize simultaneously natural wetland group from support mechanism.
To achieve these goals, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
1, the species quantity in type of plant communities, floristics and the group in the existing lakeside wetland is investigated.For the recovery of wetland is carried out the screening of species of one's native land and the extensive cultivation of seedling lays the first stone.
2, carry out the group training work of submerged plant in the laboratory, in recovering the wetland process, the needs of a large amount of seedlings being prepared.
3,, suit measures to local conditions this zone is divided into a plurality of wetland recovery units according to existing impaired wetland orographic condition and vegetation growth state.Better phytobiocoenose existing in the wetland is kept, as an ingredient of the wetland plant group after recovering.
4, necessary substrate transformation is carried out in the part location in the unit, with the wetland plant normal growth that satisfies different biotypes needs to different hydraulic gradiants.
5, reinforce sloping bank with immersion-proof natural materials such as bamboo raft, bamboo stake around each unit, vegetation such as plantation Bermuda grass, willow on the slope.To reinforce embankment, prevent erosion, play the effect of brightening wetland landscape simultaneously.
6, should to choose large-scale emergent aquactic plant be sociales to the structure of wetland plant group, and this also meets the rule of lakeside band natural wetland natural deduction.
7,, choose different submerged plants and plant in the wetland unit of different quality according to its physiological property.To guarantee normal growth and the breeding of submerged plant.
8, the result of investigation and plantation experience and decide outside the planting density visual field of plant are with the normal growth of assurance phytobiocoenose.General large-scale emergent aquactic plant planting density be 2 pockets/square metre; Small-sized emergent aquactic plant planting density is 6 clumps/square metre; The floatingleaved plant planting density is 1 clump/square metre; The submerged plant planting density is 5 clumps/square metre.
The specific embodiment:
According to above-mentioned design scheme, the present invention is further illustrated.
1, carries out before the recovery of natural wetland, carry out the band natural wetland vegetation investigation of large-scale lakeside.Promptly the species quantity in the type of plant communities in the lakeside wetland, floristics and the group is investigated.For the recovery of wetland is carried out the screening of species of one's native land and the extensive cultivation of seedling lays the first stone.
2, because the increasing the weight of of water body eutrophication degree, submerged plant species of one's native land fade away, and species quantity falls sharply.Therefore under the help of investigation and relevant historical data in the open air, that carries out submerged plant in the laboratory introduces a fine variety and organizes training work, in recovery wetland process the needs of a large amount of seedlings being prepared.
3,, suit measures to local conditions this zone is divided into a plurality of wetland recovery units according to existing impaired wetland orographic condition and vegetation growth state.To plant species of one's native land is principle, better phytobiocoenose existing in the wetland is kept, as the ingredient of the wetland plant group after recovering.Simultaneously already present phytobiocoenose species quantity is carried out after-culture, the phytobiocoenose of disappearance is introduced a fine variety structure.
4, necessary substrate transformation is carried out in the part location in the unit, with the wetland plant normal growth that satisfies different biotypes needs to different hydraulic gradiants.
5, reinforce sloping bank with immersion-proof natural materials such as bamboo raft, bamboo stake around each unit, every bamboo stake is long 4 meters, and the bamboo pile spacing is 0.5 meter; Every bamboo raft area is 1.5 meters * 1 meter; Vegetation such as plantation Bermuda grass, willow on the slope.To reinforce embankment, prevent erosion, play the effect of brightening wetland landscape simultaneously.
6, large-scale emergent aquactic plants such as reed, cattail and hay grass not only have huge biomass, and have flourishing root system.Nutriments such as nitrogen in the water body, phosphorus can be absorbed in a large number, the suspension in the water body can be tackled again.It is sociales that the structure of wetland plant group should be chosen large-scale emergent aquactic plant, and this also meets the rule of lakeside band natural wetland natural deduction.
7, submerged plant plays critical effect to the absorption of nutriment in the water and soil, and different types of submerged plant is to the stain resistance difference of water body simultaneously.According to its physiological property, choose different submerged plants and plant in the wetland unit of different quality.To guarantee normal growth and the breeding of submerged plant.Therefore the submerged plant growing area in six wetland units according to different submerged plant stain resistances by planting p.malaianus, water caltrop, hornwort, watermifoil, hydrilla verticillata and six kinds of groups of eel grass successively to weak order by force.
8, the result of investigation and plantation experience and decide outside the planting density visual field of plant are with the normal growth and the breeding of assurance phytobiocoenose.General large-scale emergent aquactic plant planting density be 2 pockets/square metre; Small-sized emergent aquactic plant planting density is 6 clumps/square metre; The floatingleaved plant planting density is 1 clump/square metre; The submerged plant planting density is 5 clumps/square metre.
The present invention has pollution treatment efficient height, workable, capital cost and the low characteristics of maintenance cost, has explored a practicable way for the recovery of lakeside band natural wetland simultaneously.The present invention is in country's " 863 " Taihu Lake project---in " network of waterways area surface source pollution control complete set technology " application process, not only successfully recovered the natural wetland of demonstration area, and reached water body suspension (SS) that thematic contract charter will reach through project monitoring center monitoring and remove 50% and the target and the requirement of TP reduction 35%.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of recovery shallow water lake shore zone natural wetland, and utilize wetland after having recovered to going into the bioremediation that suspension in the Lake Water Body and nitrogen, phosphorus etc. cause the nutriment of body eutrophication to carry out sedimentation and cut down step by step, comprise the following steps:
(1) utilize lakeside band physical geography landform, the applying portion reinforcement process forms hydraulic gradiant, forms multistage wetlands ecosystems unit.Partial reinforment technology is meant that existing lakeside strip substrate is carried out the part repairs, to satisfy the needs of different biotype plant normal growths to hydraulic gradiant.Each unit is according to the requirement of different biotype muskeg normal growths to different water levels, makes up the wetland functional areas of being made up of submerged plant group, floatingleaved plant group, small-sized emergent aquactic plant group and large-scale emergent aquactic plant group.
(2) be principle to plant species of one's native land, on the basis that the lakeside wetland vegetation is generally investigated,, choose different biotype vegetation respectively, form different wetland plant groups according to different depth of waters zone, each unit.Its medium-and-large-sized emergent aquactic plant coenotype has three kinds of reed, cattail and hay grass etc.; Small-sized emergent aquactic plant coenotype has four kinds of arrowhead, water chestnut, iris and Chinese celeries; The floatingleaved plant coenotype has three kinds of water lily, Gorgon fruit and wild water chestnuts; There are six kinds of hornwort, p.malaianus, eel grass, hydrilla verticillata, watermifoil and water caltrops in submerged plant group.
When (3) on impaired wetland, carrying out vegetation recovery, keep already present wetland plant species of one's native land as much as possible.Needs according to making up phytobiocoenose and view carry out after-culture to already present phytobiocoenose species quantity, and the phytobiocoenose of disappearance is introduced a fine variety structure.
(4), determine each wetland unit floor space after recovering according to impaired wetland landform present situation.
(5) each unit is sociales with large-scale emergent aquactic plant group.The planting density of its medium-and-large-sized emergent aquactic plant group be 2 pockets/square metre; Small-sized emergent aquactic plant be distributed in the unit around, planting density is 6 clumps/square metre; Floatingleaved plant group planting density is 1 clump/square metre, and different plant species is planted at interval; Submerged plant group planting density is 5 clumps/square metre.
(6) according to of the requirement of different muskeg normal growths to hydraulic gradiant, large-scale emergent aquactic plant zone depth of water 0.8-1 rice; Small-sized emergent aquactic plant zone depth of water 0.3-0.5 rice; Floatingleaved plant depth of water 1-1.5 rice; About 1.5 meters of the submerged plant zone depth of waters.The particular location of the different biotype phytobiocoenoses in each unit is followed present situation landform and existing muskeg and is decided.
(7) be soil erosion that prevents bank protection between each unit and the natural landscape effect that strengthens wetland, between each unit with bamboo stake and bamboo raft around around, every bamboo stake is long 4 meters, the bamboo pile spacing is 0.5 meter; Every bamboo raft area is 1.5 meters * 1 meter; 1.5 meters of bank protection width, plantation Bermuda grass and weeping willow on it.
(8) lake inlet water, farmland-use water and breeding water are incorporated into first wetland unit, flow through other five wetland units step by step with the reduction successively of physical features then, return the river course at last.
(9) according to the size of different submerged plants to the water body stain resistance, by the sequencing of water inlet, the submerged plant that stain resistance is strong is planted the processing unit in the front.Therefore the submerged plant growing area in six wetland units is planted p.malaianus, water caltrop, hornwort, watermifoil, hydrilla verticillata and six kinds of groups of eel grass successively.
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101921020A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2010-12-22 | 无锡市本源水生态修复科技有限公司 | Method for restoring lake water ecology by utilizing natural ecological botanical system |
| CN101948186A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-01-19 | 周宗南 | Comprehensive treatment method for repairing in-situ biological diversity in rivers and lakes |
| CN102139959A (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2011-08-03 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Method for remediating phosphorus-polluted lake sediments |
| CN102491525A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Method for building river course ecological restoration vegetation |
| CN103214097A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-07-24 | 无锡鼎诚环保科技有限公司 | Method for reconstructing ecosystem by using endangered aquatic organisms |
| CN103229641A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-08-07 | 周艺文 | Rotational planting and breeding method of zizania aquatica, eriocheir sinensis, lotus root, water chestnut and gorgon euryale for ecological restoration |
| CN105347491A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2016-02-24 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Wetland combination system for improving wetland biodiversity |
| CN105401552A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-03-16 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Method for transforming saline-alkali wasteland into low-pollution water-wet land deep treatment system |
| CN105409612A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-03-23 | 黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所 | Method for screening dominant species of water purification plants for riparian wetlands |
| CN105800866A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-07-27 | 北京师范大学 | Coastal wetland ecological revetment technical system for human and environmental needs |
| CN106888782A (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2017-06-27 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | A kind of construction method of lake protection emergent aquactic plant group |
| CN107347410A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-11-17 | 中国环境科学研究院 | A kind of more habitat solid vegetation construction methods of embankment type lakeside zone |
| CN110771363A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-11 | 贵州民族大学 | Method for repairing alternanthera philoxeroides invasive plant community structure of grass sea wetland |
| CN110915560A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-03-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Vegetation recovery method for judging land-returning wetland blocks in refuge area, vegetation recovery method and vegetation recovery effect evaluation system |
| CN113045139A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-29 | 中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所 | Ecological restoration method for lugu lake big grass sea degraded wetland |
| CN113716701A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-11-30 | 江苏省泗洪洪泽湖湿地国家级自然保护区管理处 | Flood wetland pond-beach-island ecological restoration mode |
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| CN1530336A (en) * | 2003-03-17 | 2004-09-22 | 治 张 | Biological recovery of small eutrophic water body |
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- 2005-06-17 CN CN200510077184A patent/CN100575612C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101948186A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-01-19 | 周宗南 | Comprehensive treatment method for repairing in-situ biological diversity in rivers and lakes |
| CN101948186B (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-11-23 | 周宗南 | Comprehensive treatment method for repairing in-situ biological diversity in rivers and lakes |
| CN101921020A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2010-12-22 | 无锡市本源水生态修复科技有限公司 | Method for restoring lake water ecology by utilizing natural ecological botanical system |
| CN102139959A (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2011-08-03 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Method for remediating phosphorus-polluted lake sediments |
| CN102491525A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Method for building river course ecological restoration vegetation |
| CN102491525B (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-07-03 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Method for building river course ecological restoration vegetation |
| CN103229641A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-08-07 | 周艺文 | Rotational planting and breeding method of zizania aquatica, eriocheir sinensis, lotus root, water chestnut and gorgon euryale for ecological restoration |
| CN103214097A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-07-24 | 无锡鼎诚环保科技有限公司 | Method for reconstructing ecosystem by using endangered aquatic organisms |
| CN103214097B (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-01-01 | 无锡鼎诚环保科技有限公司 | Method for reconstructing ecosystem by using endangered aquatic organisms |
| CN105347491B (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-08-25 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of wetland combined system for improving Wetland Biodiversity |
| CN105347491A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2016-02-24 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Wetland combination system for improving wetland biodiversity |
| CN105401552A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-03-16 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Method for transforming saline-alkali wasteland into low-pollution water-wet land deep treatment system |
| CN105409612A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-03-23 | 黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所 | Method for screening dominant species of water purification plants for riparian wetlands |
| CN105800866A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-07-27 | 北京师范大学 | Coastal wetland ecological revetment technical system for human and environmental needs |
| CN105800866B (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2019-11-01 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of seashore wetland ecological revetment technological system of manward and environmental demand |
| CN106888782A (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2017-06-27 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | A kind of construction method of lake protection emergent aquactic plant group |
| CN107347410A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-11-17 | 中国环境科学研究院 | A kind of more habitat solid vegetation construction methods of embankment type lakeside zone |
| CN110771363A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-11 | 贵州民族大学 | Method for repairing alternanthera philoxeroides invasive plant community structure of grass sea wetland |
| CN110915560A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-03-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Vegetation recovery method for judging land-returning wetland blocks in refuge area, vegetation recovery method and vegetation recovery effect evaluation system |
| CN113045139A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-29 | 中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所 | Ecological restoration method for lugu lake big grass sea degraded wetland |
| CN113716701A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-11-30 | 江苏省泗洪洪泽湖湿地国家级自然保护区管理处 | Flood wetland pond-beach-island ecological restoration mode |
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