CN105409612A - Method for screening dominant species of water purification plants for riparian wetlands - Google Patents
Method for screening dominant species of water purification plants for riparian wetlands Download PDFInfo
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- CN105409612A CN105409612A CN201510735654.3A CN201510735654A CN105409612A CN 105409612 A CN105409612 A CN 105409612A CN 201510735654 A CN201510735654 A CN 201510735654A CN 105409612 A CN105409612 A CN 105409612A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
Abstract
The invention provides a method for screening dominant species of water purification plants for riparian wetlands. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, determining water level gradients; step 2, carrying out ecological investigation screening on purification functional plants of riparian wetlands; and step 3, carrying out experimental optimization screening on plant purifying functions: carrying out purifying capacity screening on sewage treatment plants according to species collections under various environment water level conditions screened out by the ecological investigation screening, evaluating the water purification capacity of each wetland plant in each collection, carrying out sampling once a week, and determining a total nitrogen and total nitrogen phosphorus removal rate sorting order of series plants at each water level according to experimental screening statistical results, thereby finishing the screening. According to the method provided by the invention, wetland plants adapting to different environment water levels and allocation plans can be screened out and provided for ecological rehabilitation projects, and the control by the ecological system of the riparian wetlands on non-point source pollution brought by agricultural subsiding water is effectively improved, so that the method is easy to popularize, and can promote the recovery of water purification functions of riparian buffer zone wetlands, realize end control on river basin non-point source pollution, and improve the river basin water environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the screening technique of a kind of Riparian Zone wet land water quality purifying plant sociales.
Background technology
Drainage System water pollutions is mainly derived from basin pollution of area source and point-source pollution, and nitrogen, P elements are topmost pollution of area source materials, and its main source is agricultural production fertilizer application, aquaculture etc.North river region is as Songhua River Basin, and because of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen etc. that agriculture water-break produces, non-point source pollution loading accounts for more than 70% of the corresponding total load in basin; Water Basin Water Pollution can cause water quality deterioration, waters bio-diversity to decline and a series of serious environmental problem such as ecosystem function decline, and reply Water Basin Water Pollution needs from anti-and control that two aspects are collaborative starts with.One is mainly by reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide dosage, using slow-release fertilizer and fertilizer, minimizing animal excrements amount more, reducing the measure such as town domestic sewage and industrial wastewater discharge amount from decreasing pollution source.Second refer to and process by distinct methods such as physics, chemistry, biologies the pollutant produced.Because basin pollution of area source has the features such as distribution is wide, discharge capacity is large, randomness is strong, the difficulty of therefore administering is very large.
The Riparian Zone wetland of extensive distribution is considered to administer one of most effective measures of Water Basin Water Pollution.Wetland can realize retaining and degrading area source pollutants by number of ways such as microorganism denitrification, adsorption by soil, filtering-depositing, plant absorption.Wetlands ecosystems have the function of very strong purification, degraded noxious material.Muskeg has higher efficiency to the absorption of the nutritive element such as nitrogen, phosphorus, conversion and delay, utilizes wet land system to dispose of sewage to have that cost is low, efficiency is high, with strong points and can give full play to the advantage of ecology synthesis effect.
Wetland plant is most important part in wetland, self has stronger nutriment adsorption and enrichment function, and the material (comprising heavy metal, organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus etc.) that most plants absorbs can penetrate into Root cell membrane and cell wall; Wetland plant can also form subenvironment with the various microorganism of periphery, as by oxygen infusion to plant root, and form network-like structure near root system, for microbial growth metabolism provides good biochemical environment, thus form unique rhizosphere environment.This Tiny ecosystem subenvironment has the function of typical active biological film, has the very strong ability of purifying liquid waste, has very strong absorption, decomposition and accumulation ability to multiple pollutant.Current research shows, different wetland plants has and has different absorptions to each pollutant, enrichment and conversion capability, such as the removal of calamus wet land system to TP is higher than reed system, and Lythrum salicaria heavy metal Cd, the enrichment of Zn is higher than reed and calamus etc., these results of study show when utilizing wet land system to carry out Water Basin Water Pollution cleaning project, need filtered out function targetedly wetland plant to build wet land system, to improve system purification efficiency, and zones of different function wetland plant has typically characteristic of field, therefore, wet land system cleaning project or wetland ecological restoration engineering is carried out in basin, just first need to understand this region wetland plant Environmental capacity functional characteristic, water quality purification function screening is carried out for this region wetland plant, understand the decontamination preference of various wetland plant, ability and adaptability, thus the functional wet land system being applicable to this region can be set up.
Current wetland plant triage techniques focuses mostly in constructed wetland plant triage techniques, lack the riparian buffer strips wetland plant screening technique controlled for pollution of area source, and transplant constructed wetland plant technology to carry out the screening of natural wetland rehabilitation plant, the defect of stability of community and bad adaptability can be there is.
Summary of the invention
Based on above weak point, for Riparian Zone pollution of area source purification function Ecological Restoration Project provides the screening technique of a kind of Riparian Zone wet land water quality purifying plant sociales.
Step one: the determination of hydraulic gradiant: survey engineering implements the different SEA LEVEL VARIATION gradient in each section of region, determines to flow into the main water quality pollutant composition in basin of this wetland in addition;
Step 2: Riparian Zone wetland purification function plant ecological investigation screening:
1. investigate the selection in habitat, at the beginning of 7 the end of month to 8 month, to select near Riparian Zone Wetland Function restoring area wetland as Ecological Investigation screening territory, preparation area, and some investigation water level sample districts are set according to hydraulic gradiant;
2. the selection of sample prescription and investigation, in major quadrat, sample investigation is carried out according to type of plant communities, sample prescription selective advantage kind cover degree large plant community relative to density, respectively subquadrat is set, carry out Community Survey investigation content comprise geography information, soil, coenotype cover degree, highly, density and biomass information;
3. take plant belt transect to return, oven dry is weighed, and fills in sample investigation table, and sample investigation table comprises relative altitude, relative density, relative biomass and importance value;
Computational methods are as follows:
Relative altitude=certain height sum * 100% of height/all kinds;
Relative density=certain density * 100% of density/all kinds;
Relative biomass=certain gross dry weight * 100% of dry weight/all kinds;
Importance value=(relative altitude+relative density+relative biomass)/3;
4. statistics sorts out screening, and according to Community Survey table statistics, statistics filters out cover degree, relative biomass and the importance value wetland plant kind respectively more than 20%, 0.2 and 0.2 under three water level habitats, for the laboratory test optimal screening of step 3.
Step 3: plant purification functional experiment optimal screening: according to species set under each environment water level condition that Ecological Investigation filters out, carries out the screening of waste water treatment plant purification ability, evaluates various wetland plant purification of water quality ability in each set; Sample weekly once, total nitrogen, total phosphorus are measured; Clearance (%)=(C
0-C
i) ÷ C
0× 100%.Wherein C
0for initial concentration, C
ibe the concentration of i-th day; Experimentally screen statistics and determine that each water level series vegetable total nitrogen and total removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus sort, complete screening.
The present invention can filter out the wetland plant and allocation plan that adapt to varying environment water level, be supplied to Riparian Zone Function of Wetland recovery project to use, effectively improve the control of Riparian Zone wetlands ecosystems to agriculture water-break pollution of area source, the feature that this technical method is given prominence to is exactly the moisture environment feature according to target wetland, carry out preliminary Ecological Investigation screening, filter out the floristics set that can adapt to engineering water-level environment, and environmentally water level requires the water level arranging waste water dam screening, simulation detergency test is carried out to the wetland species in different sets and cultivates screening, thus make screening meet applied environment and stable requirement, the wetland plant filtered out more can obtain proportional space configuration in Ecological Restoration Project.This technical method is applicable to all kinds of Riparian Zone wetland eco-restoring project, is easy to promote, and can promote the recovery of riparian buffer strips wet land water quality purification function, realize the end-of-pipe control of basin pollution of area source, improve basin water environment.The present invention can be used for the wetland pollution of area source water quality purification function restoration of the ecosystem of Song Hua River riparian buffer strips.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 example 1 Riparian Zone wetland leading portion screening function plant is to the clearance comparison diagram of total nitrogen and total phosphorus;
Fig. 2 example 2 Riparian Zone wetland stage casing screening function plant is to the clearance comparison diagram of total nitrogen and total phosphorus;
Fig. 3 example 3 Riparian Zone wetland latter end screening function plant is to the clearance comparison diagram of total nitrogen and total phosphorus;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing citing, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
A screening technique for Riparian Zone wet land water quality purifying plant sociales, step is as follows:
Step one: the determination of hydraulic gradiant: implement water quality purification function at Fangzheng County, Heilongjiang Province Mayi River watershed and repair leading portion engineering, Ecological Restoration Project district leading portion water inlet height 0-5cm, the main water quality pollutant in basin flowing into this wetland consists of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Step 2: Riparian Zone wetland purification function plant ecological investigation screening:
1. investigate the selection in habitat, at the beginning of 7 the end of month to 8 month, select adjacent Riparian Zone wetland miscellany grass wetland as Ecological Investigation screening areas, hydraulic gradiant is selected, as 0 ~ 5cm;
2. the selection of sample prescription and investigation, sample investigation is carried out according to type of plant communities, sample prescription selective advantage kind cover degree large plant community relative to density, respectively subquadrat is set, quadrat area 100cm × 100cm, carries out Community Survey investigation content and comprises the information such as geography information, soil, coenotype, cover degree, density;
3. take plant belt transect to return, oven dry is weighed.Fill in sample investigation form as follows:
Group's sample investigation table
Place:
ma Wen river, Fangzheng Countysample prescription number:
x-1area:
100cm × 100cmdate:
2015.07.27
Longitude:
128 ° 45 ' 44.65 "e latitude:
45 ° 53 ' 27.84 "n height above sea level:
104 meters
Vegetation pattern:
forb meadowgroup's ambient conditions:
farmland, wetland
Habitat:
moisteningsoil surface water characteristic:
0 ~ 5cm
| Plant species name | Total strain number | Coverage rate % | Dry weight (g) | Relative altitude | Relative density | Relative biomass | Importance value |
| Reed | 84 | 60 | 23.32 | 0.18 | 0.47 | 0.24 | 0.3 |
| Carex kirganica | 91 | 50 | 44.45 | 0.12 | 0.45 | 0.26 | 0.28 |
Computing formula:
Relative altitude=certain height sum * 100% of height/all kinds
Relative density=certain density * 100% of density/all kinds
Relative biomass=certain gross dry weight * 100% of dry weight/all kinds
Importance value=(relative altitude+relative density+relative biomass)/3
4. statistics sorts out screening, according to Community Survey table statistics, filters out cover degree, relative biomass and the importance value wetland plant kind respectively more than 20%, 0.2 and 0.2 under two water level habitats, for the laboratory test optimal screening of step 3.
Ecological Investigation screening statistical form pattern is as follows:
Step 3: plant purification functional experiment optimal screening:
According to species set under each environment water level condition that Ecological Investigation filters out, carry out the screening of waste water treatment plant purification ability, evaluate various wetland plant purification of water quality ability in each set.
1. the specification of screening plant unit, screening test device is made up of PVC board, is of a size of long 0.6m, wide 0.6m, and height arranges water level according to test and makes.Wet land filler is made up of haydite, gravel and fine sand, matrix is divided two-layer, bottom Large stone (average grain diameter 35mm, thickness is looked screening root system of plant scope and is formulated), top layer small particle diameter (average grain diameter 10mm, highly fix tentatively as 300mm), fine sand 10-15cm lays in the superiors, and bottom adopts PVC perforation outlet pipe water pipe.
2. transplant screening plant, rinse, cleaned by root earth, blot with blotting paper with clear water, the plant cultivating selecting plant type size basically identical is in experimental provision, and every Plants arranges 3 repetitions, adds clear water and stablizes cultivation ten days to conform.
3. screening experiment runs, and adds sewage to be clean, makes filler moistening saturated, and keeps 1 ~ 5cm to cover water layer at filling surface, samples weekly once, measures total nitrogen, total phosphorus.
Clearance (%)=(C
0-C
i) ÷ C
0× 100%, wherein C
0for initial concentration, C
ibe the concentration of i-th day.
The selection result: nitrogen removal rate reed is greater than Carex kirganica, total tp removal rate Carex kirganica is greater than reed.
Embodiment 2:
A screening technique for Riparian Zone wet land water quality purifying plant sociales, step is as follows:
Step one: the determination of hydraulic gradiant: implement water quality purification function at Fangzheng County, Heilongjiang Province Mayi River watershed and repair leading portion engineering, Ecological Restoration Project district leading portion water inlet height 0-5cm, the main water quality pollutant in basin flowing into this wetland consists of nitrogen, phosphorus.
Step 2: Riparian Zone wetland purification function plant ecological investigation screening:
1. investigate the selection (categorizing selection in sample district) in habitat, at the beginning of 7 the end of month to 8 month, select adjacent Riparian Zone wetland miscellany grass wetland as Ecological Investigation screening areas, hydraulic gradiant is selected, as 5 ~ 30cm;
2. the selection of sample prescription and investigation, sample investigation is carried out according to type of plant communities, sample prescription selective advantage kind cover degree large plant community relative to density, respectively subquadrat is set, quadrat area 100cm × 100cm, carries out Community Survey investigation content and comprises the information such as geography information, soil, coenotype, cover degree, density;
3. take plant belt transect to return, oven dry is weighed.Fill in sample investigation form as follows:
Riparian Zone humidiherbosa sample investigation table
Place:
ant river, Fangzheng Countysample prescription number:
x-2area:
100cm × 100cmdate:
2015.07.27
Longitude:
128 ° 45 ' 45.18 "e latitude:
45 ° 53 ' 29.97 "n height above sea level:
104 meters
Vegetation pattern:
marsh Wetlandgroup's ambient conditions:
wetland, farmland
Habitat:
pondingsoil surface water characteristic:
5 ~ 30cm
| Plant species name | Total strain number | Coverage rate % | Dry weight (g) | Relative altitude | Relative density | Relative biomass | Importance value |
| Distension capsule sedge | 611 | 65 | 160.24 | 0.25 | 0.77 | 0.74 | 0.59 |
| Reed | 106 | 65 | 233.7 | 0.27 | 0.44 | 0.54 | 0.42 |
Computing formula:
Relative altitude=certain height sum * 100% of height/all kinds;
Relative density=certain density * 100% of density/all kinds;
Relative biomass=certain gross dry weight * 100% of dry weight/all kinds;
Importance value=(relative altitude+relative density+relative biomass)/3;
4. statistics sorts out screening, and according to Community Survey table statistics, statistics filters out cover degree, relative biomass and the importance value wetland plant kind respectively more than 20%, 0.2 and 0.2 under three water level habitats, for the laboratory test optimal screening of step 3.
Ecological Investigation screening statistical form pattern is as follows:
Step 3: plant purification functional experiment optimal screening: according to species set under each environment water level condition that Ecological Investigation filters out, carries out the screening of waste water treatment plant purification ability, evaluates various wetland plant purification of water quality ability in each set.
1. the specification of screening plant unit, screening test device is made up of PVC board, is of a size of long 0.6m, wide 0.6m, and height arranges water level according to test and makes.Wet land filler is made up of haydite, gravel and fine sand, matrix is divided two-layer, bottom Large stone (average grain diameter 35mm, thickness is looked screening root system of plant scope and is formulated), top layer small particle diameter (average grain diameter 10mm, highly fix tentatively as 300mm), fine sand 10-15cm lays in the superiors, and bottom adopts PVC perforation outlet pipe water pipe.
2. transplant screening plant, rinse, cleaned by root earth, blot with blotting paper with clear water, the plant cultivating selecting plant type size basically identical is in experimental provision, and every Plants arranges 3 repetitions, adds clear water and stablizes cultivation ten days to conform.
3. screening experiment run, add sewage to be clean, make filler moistening saturated, and filling surface keep 15cm cover water layer, sample weekly once, total nitrogen, total phosphorus measured.Clearance (%)=(C
0-C
i) ÷ C
0× 100%.Wherein C
0for initial concentration, C
ibe the concentration of i-th day.
The selection result: nitrogen removal rate reed is greater than bulging capsule sedge, total tp removal rate drum capsule sedge is greater than reed.
Embodiment 3:
A screening technique for Riparian Zone wet land water quality purifying plant sociales, step is as follows:
Step one: the determination of hydraulic gradiant: implement water quality purification function at Fangzheng County, Heilongjiang Province Mayi River watershed and repair leading portion engineering, Ecological Restoration Project district leading portion water inlet height 30-120cm, the main water quality pollutant in basin flowing into this wetland consists of nitrogen, phosphorus.
Step 2: Riparian Zone wetland purification function plant ecological investigation screening:
1. investigate the selection (categorizing selection in sample district) in habitat, at the beginning of 7 the end of month to 8 month, select adjacent Riparian Zone wetland miscellany grass wetland as Ecological Investigation screening areas, hydraulic gradiant is selected, as 30 ~ 120cm;
2. the selection of sample prescription and investigation, sample investigation is carried out according to type of plant communities, sample prescription selective advantage kind cover degree large plant community relative to density, respectively subquadrat is set, quadrat area 100cm × 100cm, carries out Community Survey investigation content and comprises the information such as geography information, soil, coenotype, cover degree, density;
3. take plant belt transect to return, oven dry is weighed.Fill in sample investigation form as follows:
Riparian Zone humidiherbosa sample investigation table
Place:
ant river, Fangzheng Countysample prescription number:
x-3area:
100cm × 100cmdate:
2015.07.27
Longitude:
128 ° 45 ' 48.23 "e latitude:
45 ° 53 ' 37.17 "n height above sea level:
103 meters
Vegetation pattern:
grass pool wetlandgroup's ambient conditions:
wetland, farmland
Habitat:
poolsoil surface water characteristic:
30 ~ 150cm
| Plant species name | Total strain number | Coverage rate % | Dry weight (g) | Relative altitude | Relative density | Relative biomass | Importance value |
| Calamus | 37 | 65 | 253.24 | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.99 | 0.85 |
| Wild rice | 637 | 80 | 173.84 | 0.3 | 0.23 | 0.69 | 0.41 |
| Scirpus tabernaemontani Fischer grass | 10 | 40 | 70.56 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Computing formula:
Relative altitude=certain height sum * 100% of height/all kinds;
Relative density=certain density * 100% of density/all kinds;
Relative biomass=certain gross dry weight * 100% of dry weight/all kinds;
Importance value=(relative altitude+relative density+relative biomass)/3;
4. statistics sorts out screening, and according to Community Survey table statistics, statistics filters out cover degree, relative biomass and the importance value wetland plant kind respectively more than 20%, 0.2 and 0.2 under three water level habitats, for the laboratory test optimal screening of step 3.Ecological Investigation screening statistical form pattern is as follows:
Step 3: plant purification functional experiment optimal screening: according to species set under each environment water level condition that Ecological Investigation filters out, carries out the screening of waste water treatment plant purification ability, evaluates various wetland plant purification of water quality ability in each set.
1. the specification of screening plant unit, screening test device is made up of PVC board, is of a size of long 0.6m, wide 0.6m, and height arranges water level according to test and makes.Wet land filler is made up of haydite, gravel and fine sand, matrix is divided two-layer, bottom Large stone (average grain diameter 35mm, thickness is looked screening root system of plant scope and is formulated), top layer small particle diameter (average grain diameter 10mm, highly fix tentatively as 300mm), fine sand 10-15cm lays in the superiors, and bottom adopts PVC perforation outlet pipe water pipe.
2. transplant screening plant, rinse, cleaned by root earth, blot with blotting paper with clear water, the plant cultivating selecting plant type size basically identical is in experimental provision, and every Plants arranges 3 repetitions, adds clear water and stablizes cultivation ten days to conform.
3. screening experiment run, add sewage to be clean, make filler moistening saturated, and filling surface keep 40cm cover water layer, sample weekly once, total nitrogen, total phosphorus measured.Clearance (%)=(C
0-C
i) ÷ C
0× 100%.Wherein C
0for initial concentration, C
ibe the concentration of i-th day.
The selection result: nitrogen removal rate Scirpus tabernaemontani Fischer grass > wild rice > calamus, total tp removal rate Scirpus tabernaemontani Fischer grass > wild rice > calamus.
Claims (1)
1. a screening technique for Riparian Zone wet land water quality purifying plant sociales, it is characterized in that, method is as follows:
Step one: the determination of hydraulic gradiant: survey engineering implements the different SEA LEVEL VARIATION gradient in each section of region, determines to flow into the main water quality pollutant composition in basin of this wetland in addition;
Step 2: Riparian Zone wetland purification function plant ecological investigation screening:
1. investigate the selection in habitat, at the beginning of 7 the end of month to 8 month, to select near Riparian Zone Wetland Function restoring area wetland as Ecological Investigation screening territory, preparation area, and some investigation water level sample districts are set according to hydraulic gradiant;
2. the selection of sample prescription and investigation, in major quadrat, sample investigation is carried out according to type of plant communities, sample prescription selective advantage kind cover degree large plant community relative to density, respectively subquadrat is set, carry out Community Survey investigation content comprise geography information, soil, coenotype, cover degree, highly, density and biomass information;
3. take plant belt transect to return, oven dry is weighed, and fills in sample investigation table, and sample investigation table comprises relative altitude, relative density, relative biomass and importance value;
Computational methods are as follows:
Relative altitude=certain height sum * 100% of height/all kinds;
Relative density=certain density * 100% of density/all kinds;
Relative biomass=certain gross dry weight * 100% of dry weight/all kinds;
Importance value=(relative altitude+relative density+relative biomass)/3;
4. statistics sorts out screening, and according to Community Survey table statistics, statistics filters out cover degree, relative biomass and the importance value wetland plant kind respectively more than 20%, 0.2 and 0.2 under three water level habitats, for the laboratory test optimal screening of step 3;
Step 3: plant purification functional experiment optimal screening: according to species set under each environment water level condition that Ecological Investigation filters out, carries out the screening of waste water treatment plant purification ability, evaluates various wetland plant purification of water quality ability in each set; Sample weekly once, total nitrogen, total phosphorus are measured; Clearance (%)=(C
0-C
i) ÷ C
0× 100%, wherein C
0for initial concentration, C
ibe the concentration of i-th day; Experimentally screen statistics and determine that each water level series vegetable total nitrogen and total removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus sort, complete screening.
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|---|---|---|---|
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ID=55488544
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Cited By (3)
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| CN107896901A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-04-13 | 浙江诚邦园林股份有限公司 | Good plant screening technique is afforested in a kind of ecological health care type Plain |
| CN109816207A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-05-28 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of irrigated area water saving potential measuring method and device based on big data |
| CN115462287A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-13 | 黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所 | Land and water interlaced belt herbaceous plant configuration method for prolonging greening time in cold area |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107896901A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-04-13 | 浙江诚邦园林股份有限公司 | Good plant screening technique is afforested in a kind of ecological health care type Plain |
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| CN109816207B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2021-07-23 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Irrigation area water-saving potential determination method and device based on big data |
| CN115462287A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-13 | 黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所 | Land and water interlaced belt herbaceous plant configuration method for prolonging greening time in cold area |
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Application publication date: 20160323 |